高考必考语法之非谓语动词学案

高考必考语法之非谓语动词 概述： 在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有三种形式：动词不定式、分词、动名词 （一）动词不定式 动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。 1、不定式的形式：   主    动 被       动 一般式 to write to be written 进行式 to be writing / 完成式 to have written to have been written 否定式：not + (to) do 1）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如： The boy pretended to be working hard. He seems to be reading in his room. 2）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如： I regretted to have told a lie. I happened to have seen the film. He is pleased to have met his friend. 2、不定式的句法功能： 1）作主语： To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. To lose your heart means failure.动词不定式短语作主语时，常用形式主语it作形式主语，例如上面两句可用如下形式： It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. It means failure to lose your heart. 2）作表语： Her job is to clean the hall. He appears to have caught a cold. 3）作宾语： 常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如： Marx found it