内容正文:
高中英语专题之名词性从句
一、教学内容
名词性从句
二、知识精讲
名词性从句在复合句中起名词的作用,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,是英语中的一个重要语法项目,在学习时,这一部分内容的难点主要集中在对引导词的理解及选择使用上,另外还要注意名词性从句的语序问题。
名词性从句的引导词:
(1) that
(2) Whether 和if
(3) what, who, whose, which, where, when, how, why [来源:学§科§网Z§X§X§K]
(4) whatever, whoever(whomever), whichever, whosever, whenever, wherever, however
主语从句[来源:学*科*网]
宾语从句[来源:Z,xx,k.Com][来源:学科网ZXXK]
表语从句[来源:Z*xx*k.Com]
同位语从句
作及物动词宾语
作介词宾语
that
一般不省略
可以省略
一般不省略
一般不省略
一般不省略
whether/if (是否)
放于句首时只用whether
用whether/if均可,但有区别
只用whether
只用whether
只用whether
特殊疑问词
注意要用陈述语序
wh-ever
注意要用陈述语序
(一)that引导的名词性从句:
特点:在引导各种名词性从句时,that无词义、不充当句子成分,仅起引导作用。
1. 主语从句
→ That we are invited to a concert this evening is good news to us.
我们被邀请去参加今晚的音乐会,这对我们来说是个好消息。
● that从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语,如:
→ It is certain that China will be a strong country in the future.
中国肯定会在将来成为一个强大的国家。
→ It was a pity that she missed the early bus this morning.
今天早晨她没赶上早班公共汽车,真让人感到遗憾。
→ It’s said that more than ten thousand people died from the big earthquake.
据说有10 000多人死于这场大地震。
注意:
在口语和非正式文体中,that常可省略,尤其是在非常短的句子中;但that从句位于句首时,连词that是绝对不能省略的。如:
→ It’s a pity (that) you’re leaving.
你要走了,真遗憾。
→ That he is leaving really makes us surprised.
他要走了,这真的让我们很吃惊。
2. 宾语从句
在及物动词或表语形容词后的宾语从句中,that常可省略,如:
→ Do you know (that) he has joined the army?
你知道他去参军了吗?
→ I’m sure (that) he will pass the exam.
我确信他会通过考试。
→ I’m surprised he didn’t come here.
我很惊讶他没来这儿。
→ He told the teacher (that) his father had gone abroad and that he would return in a month.
他告诉老师他爸爸出国了,一个月后才回来。
(注意:连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,第一个宾语从句的连接词that可省略)
● 有时可用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。如:
→ We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation.
我们认为他应当改进他的发音是必要的。
→ He has made it clear that he will not give in.
他不会屈服的,这一点他已经明确表示了。
● that从句一般不能充当介词的宾语,但可作except(but),in的宾语,此时通常不可省略掉that,如:
→ He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless.
他是个好学生,但就是有点儿粗心。
→ He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spar