内容正文:
高考专题英语之非谓语动词现在分词在句中的形式及用法
状元必读
1. 本讲主要梳理以下知识点:现在分词在句中的形式及用法
2. 本讲课程涉及的知识点在高考考试大纲中对应的考点为非谓语动词
3. 该考点具体到考核目标与要求为五级知识点;
4. 该考点常出现在单项选择题和完形填空中,大体分值为2-3分;
在阅读中也会考查学生对文中非谓语动词的理解;
在书面表达中也鼓励学生运用非谓语动词使文章更简洁、生动。
专家点拨
一、知识精讲[来源:学科网ZXXK]
(一)现在分词的特点:
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
1. 现在分词的一般形式:v.+ing
语态上表示该现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系,在时间上表示进行或与谓语动词同时发生或存在的动作或状态。
【例句】
The girl wearing a red dress is our monitor.
The children came into the classroom, talking and laughing.
状元典例
(北京卷) at my classmates’ faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.
A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked
答案:A
思路分析:look与句子主语I之间为主动关系, 而且与句子中的谓语动词read同时发生,因此用looking.
2. 现在分词的完成式:having + 过去分词
语态上表示该现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系,在时间上表示完成或先于谓语动词的动作或状态。
【例句】
对比这两个句子:
Visiting the park, we took a lot of photos. (在公园游览同时照相)
Having visited the park, we went to the museum. (先去公园,后去博物馆)
Having finished my homework, I went to bed.
Having received her letter, I knew everything was all right there.
状元典例
(湖南卷)Dina, for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle
答案:C
思路分析:该空考查分词短语作时间状语, 其逻辑主语Dina与struggle之间为主动关系,故排除B项。由句中的finally可知非谓语动词表示的动作发生在句中谓语took a position之前,故用现在分词的完成主动式。[来源:学科网]
3. 现在分词的被动语态:一般式being+过去分词表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式having been+过去分词,表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。
【例句】
The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
已被告诉了好几遍,(但)这个淘气的孩子仍犯了同一个错误。
状元典例1
(湖北卷)______from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.
A. Being separated B. Having separated
C. Having been separated D. To be separated
答案:C
思路分析:因为Australia与separate是被动关系, 且separate发生在谓语动词has之前, 所以用现在分词的完成被动式作原因状语。
状元典例2
(陕西卷) around the Water Cube, we were then