高考英语专题之主旨大意题和猜测词义题的解题技巧 (2份打包)

高考英语专题之主旨大意题和猜测词义题的解题技巧 状元必读 1. 本讲课程涉及的知识点在高考考试大纲中对应的考点为阅读理解； 2. 本节课重点讲解主旨大意题和猜测词义题的解题技巧； 3. 该考点主要考查学生综合理解文章的能力，在高考试卷中大体分值为8-10分； 专家点拨 一、知识精讲 （一）主旨大意 主旨大意是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容，是全文的核心，作者在文章中努力通过各种细节信息来阐明中心话题。 1. 主旨大意题时常见设问方式： （1）The main idea/key point / the theme of this passage is that _____. （2）What is the main idea of this passage? （3）What does this passage mainly talk about? （4）The passage is mainly about _____. （5）The best title/headline for this passage is _____. （6）The topic/subject discussed in this passage is __ （7）From the passage we can learn/conclude that ____ （8）Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole? （9）The passage wants to tell us _____________. （10）From the passage we can learn/conclude that________. 2. 如何找准文章的主旨——找准主题句 找出并理解段落主题句（topic sentence）（呈现作者观点、意见或思想的句子），这类句子常出现在文章或段落的开始，有时出现在文章的结尾，有时也出现在文章的中间，或是隐含在段意之中。 注意：①如果第一段以人物故事开头，第一段则是引子，中心句应在第二段。 ②讲故事类文章的中心一般为文章最后一句。 （1）主题句位于文章或段落的开头： 主题句出现在段首，开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的写作方法。 【例文1】 People who talk and sing to plants have no mental problems at all, according to an agricultural expert. "In fact, singing and talking to plants makes them grow better," says Dr Braymar. The reason is quite simple. When we sing or talk to plants, we exhale（呼出） CO2 which plants need to survive and grow better. Plants absorb CO2 through their pores（小孔） during the sunlight hours and produce oxygen which people need to survive. Singing and talking have good effects on plants, however, only during the daytime. Singing or talking at bedtime will not help plants to grow better or grow faster. 思路分析：本段的首句是主题句，其后的句子或是解释说明“对植物说话或唱歌有益于植物”，或是为这一主题思想提供论据。本段的结尾句呼应主题句，在给予主题思想又一论据的同时，幽默地收尾。 【例文2】 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others