Unit 1 Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures语法课（分层作业）英语人教版必修第二册

Unit 1 Cultural Heritage Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 一、单词拼写　根据所给汉语或中英文提示，写出单词的正确形式。 1. Forgetting is a normal part of the learning ______ (过程). 2. Every university is admitting more and more ________ (海外的) students. 3. There were people at the ________ (入口处) giving out leaflets. 4. The People’s ________ (共和国) celebrated her 70th birthday on October 2019. 5. You can’t park here. It’s an emergency ________ (出口). 6. And there is one more step at the top of the _________(金字塔). 7. He ________ (下载) some music along with some useless apps from the website at the same time. 8. An ________(考古学家), who lives locally, has been interested in the site for many years. 9. By d________ (按定义), physics is the science of matter and energy. 10. The whole stone s__________ (结构) of the tower has stood for thousands of years. 二、单项选择　从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. The man ________ car broke down needs help now. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 2. Miss Green took up the story at the point ________ the thief had just made off with the jewels. A. where B. which C. as D. when 3. The hotel _________ we stayed during the trip was clean and comfortable. A. at which B. on which C. for which D. with which 4. The reason ________ he gave for his absence was not convincing at all. A. why B. when C. that D. how 5. David is such a good boy ________ all the teachers like. A. as B. that C. who D. whom 三、完成句子　根据汉语提示，补全下列句子。 1. 他是这个国家的顶级职业运动员之一。 He is one of this country’s top______________ sportsmen. 2. 大卫患有脑部疾病，使他无法像其他孩子一样走路或跑步，但在学校里，他的同学们认为他是一个普通的孩子。 David had a brain disease________________________________________________________, but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid. 3. The workers worked _______________ (日日夜夜) to complete the bridge in time. 4. The teacher helped me ____________ the parts ____________ (组装). 5. The old temple ________________ (被拆开) and moved to a safe place. 6. The project team helped protect the national parks in the United Republic of Tanzania.It was formed by members from fifteen countries. (用定语从句合并/改写句子) →The project team ________________________________________________________ in the United Republic of Tanzania was formed by members from fifteen countries. 7. The student will organize the party of our school. We saw him at the school gate. (合并句子) →The student ________________________________________________________ will organize the party of our school. 8. You’re focused on the reason. You’re doing it in the first place for the reason. (合并句子) →You’re focused on ________________________________________________________. 9. We met a professional archaeologist at the entrance to the Great Pyramid. He explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure. （改为定语从句） →The professional archaeologist________________________________________________________. 10. The house ____________ we visited last week was built 100 years ago. (用适当的词填空) 11. I still remember the day. On the day I first came to Beijing. → I still remember the day ________________________________. (合并句子) 四、选词填空　用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。 （一）单句选词填空选词填空 when, where, why, that, which when, where, why, that, which 1. Self-driving is an area ________ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. 2. The film brought the hours back to me ________ I was taken good care of in that faraway village. 3. Among the many dangers ________ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog. 4. Great changes have taken place in the village ________ we are living. 5. The real reason ________ prices were, and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem. 6. The town ________ we visited last month is the one ________ the famous painter was born. 7. He didn’t tell me the reason ________ he was so upset. 8. Students should involve themselves in community activities ________ they can gain experience for growth. 9. Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job ________, without dealing with the public, I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. 10. The temple was built in 1636 ________ the Qing Dynasty was founded. 五、完形填空　阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Recently, UNESCO issued a list of“Outstanding Contribution Awards” for those who have been dedicated to the protection of the Mogao Grottoes. Fan Jinshi ______1______ it. However, she was still ______2______ and she ______3______ all this to her extreme love for the Mogao Grottos. Let’s ______4______ the clock back to over sixty years ago, when she visited the______5______ for the first time as an undergraduate. She never expected this field study would change her whole life. For Fan who grew up in Shanghai, a moment of excitement ______6______ in staying here. With salty water, oil lamps and earthen beds, life was extremely ______7______. To everyone’s ______8______, she insisted on staying owing to the artistic treasures inside the caves and her dream of studying national cultural heritage. When the caves opened to the public in 1979, the murals and artifacts began to decay (衰变), were damaged or even ______9______. Faced with the ______10______ between the preservation and tourism, Fan knew that a compromise had to be found. In the late 1980s, Fan came up with a ______11______ idea that they could ______12______ the life of the Mogao Grottoes by limiting the number of people entering the caves, which was definitely shocking back then. And then came Digital Dunhuang in 2016, enabling the tourists to enjoy the ______13______ images online, for the purpose of ______14______ preserving the murals and historical data. Now 85-year-old Fan is as busy as ever, devoted herself to protecting the Mogao Grottos. As “the Daughter of Dunhuang”, her life-long pursuit illustrates to us how to ______15______ the extraordinary with the ordinary. 1. A. topped B. spotted C. valued D. tore 2. A. delighted B. considerate C. calm D. passionate 3. A. devoted B. credited C. attached D. belonged 4. A. tick B. turn C. twist D. strike 5. A. city B. town C. village D. caves 6. A. showed up B. sped up C. faded off D. came about 7. A. easy B. tough C. smooth D. content 8. A. surprise B. disappointment C. frustration D. embarrassment 9. A. brightened B. refreshed C. disappeared D. rotted 10. A. conflict B. difficulty C. barrier D. crisis 11. A. normal B. distinct C. regular D. popular 12. A. decline B. enjoy C. shorten D. extend 13. A. vivid B. faint C. live D. fixed 14. A. currently B. temporarily C. occasionally D. permanently 15. A. recognise B. compare C. achieve D. connect 六、阅读理解（阅读单选）　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 The British Museum has a rich collection of ancient Chinese paintings that has attracted many visitors. At the center of the protection of these artworks is senior conservator (文物修复员) Qiu Jinxian. Joanna Kosek, head of Pictorial Art Conservation at the British Museum, told the media that Qiu is considered one of the museum’s most valuable treasures. “We let the treasure treat the treasure,” Kosek said. In 1987, Qiu was introduced to Mrs. Jessica Rawson, director of the British Museum. At that time, there were no conservators skilled in ancient Chinese art at the museum. The large collection of Chinese paintings was mainly repaired using Japanese and British methods. As these were not suitable for Chinese paintings, many artworks were kept in storage instead of being shown to the public. Just before Christmas in 1987, Qiu had her first appointment at the British Museum. She was asked to repair an ancient scroll (卷轴) by Fu Baoshi, badly damaged by fire. Her methods, such as washing with warm water to separate the glue to repair the paper, greatly surprised everyone. Some even took out cameras to record her work, as they had never seen this way of repairing art. Mrs. Rawson was so amazed that she immediately invited Qiu to join the museum. Chinese ancient paintings are very difficult to repair because of their large size, complex materials, and rich content. The most important thing is to understand the long history and culture behind each painting. The repair process takes a great deal of time and energy. Each painting normally takes several months from cleaning to completion. Since 1987, Qiu has repaired more than 400 artworks. Qiu told the media that she is very proud of her work. She wants more people to understand and appreciate Chinese history and culture through art. Originally from China, these artistic treasures, restored to their former splendor, glow with timeless charm and add profound brilliance to world art. 1. What was the problem with Chinese paintings at the museum before Qiu’s arrival? A. Most of them had been severely damaged by fire. B. They were too large for any conservator to repair. C. They were repaired with methods ill-suited for them. D. No conservator had experience in any form of Asian art. 2. What makes Chinese ancient paintings difficult to repair? A. Their paper, materials, and the use of ancient techniques. B. Their size, materials, and the cultural knowledge required. C. Their size, content, and the lack of conservators worldwide. D. Their history, materials, and the need to find original colors. 3. What is Qiu’s attitude toward Chinese artworks being kept abroad? A. Indifferent, caring only about the technical repair work. B. Conflicted, believing they should be returned to China. C. Critical, questioning the museum’s way of keeping them. D. Open, for they deserve to be admired and cherished by all. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. Ancient Chinese Paintings: Hard to Restore B. Qiu Jinxian: The Treasure Protecting Treasures C. East Meets West: Different Conservation Methods D. The British Museum: Home to the World’s Finest Art 七、阅读理解（七选五）　阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Cultural heritage is a precious gift from our ancestors (祖先). It shows the history and spirit of a nation, and helps us know where we come from. ______1______ It includes two main types: tangible (有形的) heritage and intangible heritage. Tangible heritage refers to things we can touch, such as old buildings, ancient paintings and traditional tools. Intangible heritage is made up of things we can feel but can’t touch, like folk music, dance and festival customs. Every piece of cultural heritage has great value. ______2______ For example, the Forbidden City in Beijing tells us about the life of ancient emperors and the wisdom of ancient Chinese people. What’s more, cultural heritage can bring people from different countries together. However, many cultural heritage sites are in danger now. ______3______ Some are damaged by natural disasters, while others are harmed by human activities like over-tourism. Then, what can we do to protect cultural heritage? ______4______ We can learn more about it by reading books or visiting museums. We can also follow the rules when we visit heritage sites and tell our friends about the significance (意义) of protection. ______5______ Protecting cultural heritage is not only a duty but also a way to promote cultural exchanges and pass down our history to future generations. Let’s work together to save this treasure for our world. A. It helps us understand the past and shape the future. B. There are several reasons for the danger they are facing. C. First, we should know that cultural heritage is easy to lose. D. It is a question that needs everyone to take action to answer. E. Cultural heritage is not just one thing but a collection of treasures. F. Cultural heritage plays an important role in connecting people worldwide. G. Cultural heritage has both tangible and intangible parts, and both are important. 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Cultural Heritage Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 一、单词拼写　根据所给汉语或中英文提示，写出单词的正确形式。 1. Forgetting is a normal part of the learning ______ (过程). 【答案】process 【解析】考查名词。句意：遗忘是学习过程中正常的一部分。the learning______作介词of的宾语，要填名词；结合汉语提示“过程”和定冠词the可知，本题是特指学习这一整体的过程，要用单数名词process。故填process。 2. Every university is admitting more and more ________ (海外的) students. 【答案】overseas 【解析】考查形容词。句意：每所大学都在招收越来越多的海外学生。根据汉语提示“海外的”可知，用形容词overseas，作前置定语，修饰名词students。故填overseas。 3. There were people at the ________ (入口处) giving out leaflets. 【答案】entrance 【解析】句意：入口处有人在发传单。根据汉语提示“入口处”可知，用名词entrance，作介词at的宾语，结合空前的定冠词the可知，此处指特定的入口，应用名词单数。 4. The People’s ________ (共和国) celebrated her 70th birthday on October 2019. 【答案】Republic 【解析】考查名词。句意：中华人民共和国在2019年10月庆祝了她70岁生日。根据汉语提示“共和国”可知，空处需填名词republic，构成专有名词the People’s Republic of China，意为“中华人民共和国”，且专有名词首字母需大写。故填Republic。 5. You can’t park here. It’s an emergency ________ (出口). 【答案】exit 【解析】考查名词。句意：你不可以在这里停车，这里是紧急出口。根据汉语提示，“出口”的英文为exit，为可数名词，根据上文的an可知应该用单数形式，故填exit。 6. And there is one more step at the top of the _________(金字塔). 【答案】pyramid 【解析】考查名词。句意：在金字塔的顶端还有一级台阶。根据所给汉语提示可知，此处应用名词pyramid作宾语，且根据空前的“the”可知，此处特指“这座金字塔”，故应用名词的单数形式，故填pyramid。 7. He ________ (下载) some music along with some useless apps from the website at the same time. 【答案】downloaded 【解析】句意：他同时从网站上下载了一些音乐和一些无用的应用程序。根据汉语提示“下载”可知，此处为动词download，结合语境动作已发生，句子用一般过去时，谓语动词使用download的过去式downloaded。 8. An ________(考古学家), who lives locally, has been interested in the site for many years. 【答案】archaeologist 【解析】考查名词。句意：一位住在当地的考古学家多年来一直对这个遗址感兴趣。根据所给汉语“考古学家”和空格前的An可知，这里用可数名词archaeologist的单数形式，作主语。故填archaeologist。 9. By d________ (按定义), physics is the science of matter and energy. 【答案】definition 【解析】考查名词。句意：从定义上讲，物理学是研究物质和能量的科学。根据中英文提示可知用名词definition，作宾语，故填definition。 10. The whole stone s__________ (结构) of the tower has stood for thousands of years. 【答案】structure 【解析】句意：这座塔完整的石质结构已经矗立数千年。根据汉语提示“结构”与首字母，谓语动词为单数has，此处用单数名词structure，作主语。 二、单项选择　从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. The man ________ car broke down needs help now. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 【答案】C 【解析】句意：车坏了的那个男人现在需要帮助。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The man。先行词指人，且关系在定语从句中作定语，修饰car，因此需要使用关系代词whose引导定语从句。 2. Miss Green took up the story at the point ________ the thief had just made off with the jewels. A. where B. which C. as D. when 【答案】A 【解析】句意：格林小姐接着讲这个故事，从窃贼刚带着珠宝逃跑的那个情节讲起。空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词point为抽象地点名词，关系词在从句中作状语，用关系副词where引导。 3. The hotel _________ we stayed during the trip was clean and comfortable. A. at which B. on which C. for which D. with which 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我们旅行期间入住的那家酒店干净又舒适。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the hotel，固定搭配stay at the hotel表示“住在酒店”，介词at提前，后接关系代词which，因此填at which。 4. The reason ________ he gave for his absence was not convincing at all. A. why B. when C. that D. how 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他给出的缺席理由一点也不令人信服。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词reason，指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，指物，应用关系代词that或which引导定语从句。故选C项。 5. David is such a good boy ________ all the teachers like. A. as B. that C. who D. whom 【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：大卫是一个所有老师都喜欢的好孩子。A. as(关系代词，可引导定语从句，与such搭配使用，在从句中作宾语)；B. that(引导结果状语从句such...that...，从句为完整句子)；C. who(关系代词，指人，在从句中作主语)；D. whom(关系代词，指人，在从句中作宾语)。由语意和句子结构可知，主句中有such，且空格后定语从句“all the teachers like”中动词like缺少宾语，需用关系代词充当宾语。such...as...为固定搭配，as引导定语从句并在从句中作宾语，表示“像……那样的”。若用that，则构成such...that...结果状语从句，但that从句中like后缺少宾语，结构不完整；who和whom虽可引导定语从句，但不与such构成固定搭配，且此处强调“像……一样的”含义，应用as。故选A项。 三、完成句子　根据汉语提示，补全下列句子。 1. 他是这个国家的顶级职业运动员之一。 He is one of this country’s top______________ sportsmen. 【答案】professional 【解析】空后sportsmen是名词，需要形容词来修饰，professional意为“职业的；专业的”。 2. 大卫患有脑部疾病，使他无法像其他孩子一样走路或跑步，但在学校里，他的同学们认为他是一个普通的孩子。 David had a brain disease________________________________________________________, but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid. 【答案】which/that prevented him from walking or running like other children 【解析】考查定语从句、动词短语和时态。由句意空处应填定语从句的形式，先行词为 a disease，从句缺少主语应用关系代词which/that，表示“阻止某人做某事”应用动词短语prevent sb from doing sth，作从句的谓语动词，由空前的had可知此处应用一般过去时，表示“走路或跑步”应用动名词短语walking or running，作from的宾语，表示“像其他的孩子”应用介词短语like other children，作状语，故答案为which/that prevented him from walking or running like other children。 3. The workers worked _______________ (日日夜夜) to complete the bridge in time. 【答案】day and night 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：工人们日日夜夜地工作以便及时完成这座桥。根据汉语提示可知，空处应填“日日夜夜”，可用固定短语“day and night”表示，在句中作状语，修饰动词worked。故填day and night。 4. The teacher helped me ____________ the parts ____________ (组装). 【答案】① put    ② together 【解析】考查动词短语。句意：老师帮助我组装零件。根据汉语提示，“组装”译为put...together，help后接不带to不定式作宾语补足语，故填put，together。 5. The old temple ________________ (被拆开) and moved to a safe place. 【答案】was taken down 【解析】考查动词短语和语态。句意：这座古老的寺庙被拆开并搬到了一个安全的地方。“被拆开”作谓语，表被动，可用动词短语take down的被动式be taken down表示，结合moved可知，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语是单数名词，谓语用单数形式。故填was taken down。 6. The project team helped protect the national parks in the United Republic of Tanzania.It was formed by members from fifteen countries. (用定语从句合并/改写句子) →The project team ________________________________________________________ in the United Republic of Tanzania was formed by members from fifteen countries. 【答案】which helped protect the national parks / that helped protect the national parks 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：项目小组协助保护坦桑尼亚内的国家公园。它是由来自十五个国家的成员组成的。The project team与it重叠，且根据句意可知，要把两个句子合并成定语从句。The project team为先行词，指物，作定语从句的主语，应用关系代词which或者that，所以空格处应填which/that helped protect the national parks。故填which/that helped protect the national parks。 7. The student will organize the party of our school. We saw him at the school gate. (合并句子) →The student ________________________________________________________ will organize the party of our school. 【答案】we saw at the school gate / who we saw at the school gate / whom we saw at the school gate / that we saw at the school gate 【解析】原句句意：这个学生将组织我们学校的晚会。我们在学校门口看到了他。原句中him指代前面的The student，可将The student作为先行词，用限制性定语从句对其修饰，先行词指人，在从句中作saw的宾语，应用关系代词who、whom或that作引导词，且引导词可省略。 8. You’re focused on the reason. You’re doing it in the first place for the reason. (合并句子) →You’re focused on ________________________________________________________. 【答案】the reason why you’re doing it in the first place 【解析】原句句意：你专注于这个原因。你一开始做这件事就是为了这个原因。原句中有两个the reason，可将第一个the reason作为先行词，用限制性定语从句对其修饰，先行词在从句中表示某事的原因，作原因状语，应用关系副词why作引导词。 9. We met a professional archaeologist at the entrance to the Great Pyramid. He explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure. （改为定语从句） →The professional archaeologist________________________________________________________. 【答案】(who/whom/that) we met at the entrance to the Great Pyramid explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们在胡夫金字塔的入口处遇到了一个专业的考古学家。他向我们解释了建造这么难的一个建筑的过程。根据句子分析可知，此处可用The professional archaeologist作主语，explained为谓语动词，主语后可用who/whom/that引导定语从句(who/whom/that) we met at the entrance to the Great Pyramid修饰，连接词who/whom/that在定语从句中作met的宾语，故也可省略，故可改为：The professional archaeologist (who/whom/that) we met at the entrance to the Great Pyramid，故填(who/whom/that) we met at the entrance to the Great Pyramid。 10. The house ____________ we visited last week was built 100 years ago. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which / that 【解析】句意：我们上周参观的那栋房子建于100年前。“______ we visited last week”为定语从句，先行词the house指物，关系词在定语从句中作visited的宾语，可以用关系代词which或者that。 11. I still remember the day. On the day I first came to Beijing. → I still remember the day ________________________________. (合并句子) 【答案】when I first came to Beijing 【解析】句意：我依然记得初次来到北京的那一天。两句有相同名词the day，用定语从句合并；将第二句作为定语从句，第一句作为主句。从句修饰先行词the day，关系词代替先行词在从句中充当时间状语，用关系副词when替换第二句中的On the day。 四、选词填空　用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。 （一）单句选词填空选词填空 when, where, why, that, which when, where, why, that, which 1. Self-driving is an area ________ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. 2. The film brought the hours back to me ________ I was taken good care of in that faraway village. 3. Among the many dangers ________ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog. 4. Great changes have taken place in the village ________ we are living. 5. The real reason ________ prices were, and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem. 6. The town ________ we visited last month is the one ________ the famous painter was born. 7. He didn’t tell me the reason ________ he was so upset. 8. Students should involve themselves in community activities ________ they can gain experience for growth. 9. Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job ________, without dealing with the public, I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. 10. The temple was built in 1636 ________ the Qing Dynasty was founded. 【答案】1. where     2. when     3. that / which     4. where     5. why     6. ① that / which    ② where     7. why     8. where     9. where     10. when      【解析】1. 考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是中国和世界其他国家处在同一起跑线上的领域。先行词area表示抽象地点，定语从句结构完整，不缺主宾，用关系副词where，在从句中作地点状语。 2. 考查定语从句。句意：这部电影使我回想起我在那个遥远村庄得到悉心照料的时光。先行词the hours表时间，定语从句成分完整，不缺主宾，用关系副词when，在从句中作时间状语。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：在水手必须面对的众多危险中，最大的危险或许是大雾。先行词dangers指物，定语从句缺少face的宾语，可用关系代词that或which。 4. 考查定语从句。句意：我们居住的村庄发生了巨大变化。先行词the village表地点，定语从句结构完整，不缺主宾，用关系副词where，在从句中作地点状语。 5. 考查定语从句。句意：物价过去居高不下、如今依旧高昂的真实原因十分复杂，简短的讨论无法圆满解释这个问题。先行词the reason表原因，定语从句结构完整，用关系副词why，在从句中作原因状语。 6. 考查定语从句。句意：我们上个月参观的小镇就是那位著名画家出生的地方。第一空先行词the town指物，定语从句缺少visited的宾语，用that/which；第二空先行词the one指代town，从句结构完整，缺少地点状语，用where。 7. 考查定语从句。句意：他没有告诉我他如此沮丧的原因。先行词the reason表原因，定语从句成分完整，用关系副词why，在从句中作原因状语。 8. 考查定语从句。句意：学生应当参与社区活动，在活动中他们能够收获成长的经验。先行词activities表抽象地点，定语从句结构完整，用关系副词where，在从句中作地点状语。 9. 考查定语从句。句意：去年，我一直在寻找一份工作：不用接触公众，我可以独立工作，但依然能够和团队沟通。先行词a job表抽象地点，从句结构完整，用关系副词where作地点状语。 10. 考查定语从句。句意：这座寺庙建于1636年，清朝建立的那一年。先行词1636表时间，定语从句成分完整，用关系副词when，在从句中作时间状语。 五、完形填空　阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Recently, UNESCO issued a list of“Outstanding Contribution Awards” for those who have been dedicated to the protection of the Mogao Grottoes. Fan Jinshi ______1______ it. However, she was still ______2______ and she ______3______ all this to her extreme love for the Mogao Grottos. Let’s ______4______ the clock back to over sixty years ago, when she visited the______5______ for the first time as an undergraduate. She never expected this field study would change her whole life. For Fan who grew up in Shanghai, a moment of excitement ______6______ in staying here. With salty water, oil lamps and earthen beds, life was extremely ______7______. To everyone’s ______8______, she insisted on staying owing to the artistic treasures inside the caves and her dream of studying national cultural heritage. When the caves opened to the public in 1979, the murals and artifacts began to decay (衰变), were damaged or even ______9______. Faced with the ______10______ between the preservation and tourism, Fan knew that a compromise had to be found. In the late 1980s, Fan came up with a ______11______ idea that they could ______12______ the life of the Mogao Grottoes by limiting the number of people entering the caves, which was definitely shocking back then. And then came Digital Dunhuang in 2016, enabling the tourists to enjoy the ______13______ images online, for the purpose of ______14______ preserving the murals and historical data. Now 85-year-old Fan is as busy as ever, devoted herself to protecting the Mogao Grottos. As “the Daughter of Dunhuang”, her life-long pursuit illustrates to us how to ______15______ the extraordinary with the ordinary. 1. A. topped B. spotted C. valued D. tore 2. A. delighted B. considerate C. calm D. passionate 3. A. devoted B. credited C. attached D. belonged 4. A. tick B. turn C. twist D. strike 5. A. city B. town C. village D. caves 6. A. showed up B. sped up C. faded off D. came about 7. A. easy B. tough C. smooth D. content 8. A. surprise B. disappointment C. frustration D. embarrassment 9. A. brightened B. refreshed C. disappeared D. rotted 10. A. conflict B. difficulty C. barrier D. crisis 11. A. normal B. distinct C. regular D. popular 12. A. decline B. enjoy C. shorten D. extend 13. A. vivid B. faint C. live D. fixed 14. A. currently B. temporarily C. occasionally D. permanently 15. A. recognise B. compare C. achieve D. connect 【答案】1. A     2. C     3. B     4. B     5. D     6. C     7. B     8. A     9. C     10. A     11. B     12. D     13. A     14. D     15. C      【解析】这是一篇记叙文。樊锦诗获联合国教科文组织杰出贡献奖，她扎根敦煌六十余载，克服艰苦条件，用限流与数字技术守护莫高窟，在平凡中铸就非凡。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近，联合国教科文组织发布了一份为致力于莫高窟保护的人士颁发的“杰出贡献奖”名单，樊锦诗位居榜首。A. topped居……之首；B. spotted发现；C. valued重视；D. tore撕裂。结合前文“UNESCO issued a list of “Outstanding Contribution Awards” for those who have been dedicated to the protection of the Mogao Grottoes”获奖名单语境，此处表达她在名单中位列第一，符合文意。故选A。 2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，她依然保持镇定，并将这一切归功于她对莫高窟的深深热爱。. delighted高兴的；B. considerate体贴的；C. calm平静的，淡然的；D. passionate热情的。由however表示转折可知，她获奖后心态平和不张扬。故选C。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，她依然保持镇定，并将这一切归功于她对莫高窟的深深热爱。A. devoted奉献；B. credited 把……归功于；C. attached依附；D. belonged属于。根据后文“all this to her extreme love for the Mogao Grottos”可知，她把这一切都归功于自己对莫高窟的极度热爱。固定搭配credit sth. to sth.表示“把某事归功于某物”，契合文意。故选B。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：让我们把时间倒回到六十多年前，那时她还是本科生的时候，第一次参观了那些洞穴。A. tick滴答作响；B. turn转动；C. twist扭转；D. strike敲击。根据后文“the clock back to over sixty years ago”可知，指时间倒回到六十多年前，固定短语turn the clock back意为“让时光倒流”符合语境。故选B。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：让我们把时间倒回到六十多年前，那时她还是本科生的时候，第一次参观了那些洞穴。A. city城市；B. town城镇；C. village村庄；D. caves洞窟。根据上文“her extreme love for the Mogao Grottos”以及全文围绕莫高窟洞窟展开，此处对应前文Mogao Grottoes。故选D。 6. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于在上海长大的樊锦诗来说，留在这里的兴奋感很快就消退了。A. showed up出现；B. sped up加速；C. faded off逐渐消失；D. came about发生。后文“With salty water, oil lamps and earthen beds”描述生活条件艰苦，因此最初的兴奋感消失。故选C。 7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：喝着咸水、点着油灯、睡着土炕，生活极其艰苦。A. easy容易的；B. tough艰苦的；C. smooth顺利的；D. content满足的。根据上文“With salty water, oil lamps and earthen beds”可知，咸水、油灯、土炕都体现生活条件恶劣。故选B。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：令所有人惊讶的是，她因为洞窟内的艺术瑰宝和研究民族文化遗产的梦想坚持留了下来。A. surprise惊讶；B. disappointment失望；C. frustration沮丧；D. embarrassment尴尬。根据上文“With salty water, oil lamps and earthen beds”以及生活艰苦却选择留下，这让旁人感到意外。故选A。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：1979年洞窟对公众开放后，壁画和文物开始风化、受损甚至消失。A. brightened变亮；B. refreshed恢复；C. disappeared消失；D. rotted腐烂。此处与上文decay、damage构成递进，指损坏程度加重直至消失。故选C。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：面对文物保护与旅游开发之间的冲突，樊锦诗知道必须找到折中方案。A. conflict冲突；B. difficulty困难；C. barrier障碍；D. crisis危机。根据后文“between the preservation and tourism”可知，指保护文物与发展旅游存在矛盾对立，用conflict契合语境。故选A。 11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：20世纪80年代末，樊锦诗提出了一个独特的想法，即他们可以通过限制进入洞窟的人数来延长莫高窟的使用寿命，这一想法在当时无疑是令人震惊的。A. normal正常的；B. distinct独特的；C. regular常规的；D. popular受欢迎的。后文“which was definitely shocking back then”提到该想法在当时令人震惊，说明与众不同。故选B。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：20世纪80年代末，樊锦诗提出了一个独特的想法，即他们可以通过限制进入洞窟的人数来延长莫高窟的使用寿命，这一想法在当时无疑是令人震惊的。A. decline衰退；B. enjoy享受；C. shorten缩短；D. extend延长。根据后文“by limiting the number of people entering the caves”可知，限流是为了减少损害，延续莫高窟存在的时间。故选D。 13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随后在2016年，“数字敦煌”项目应运而生，它使游客能够在线欣赏这些生动的图像，其目的是为了永久保存壁画和相关历史资料。A. vivid生动的；B. faint模糊的；C. live现场的；D. fixed固定的。根据上文“And then came Digital Dunhuang in 2016”以及后文“images online”可知，数字技术还原壁画，呈现出清晰逼真的画面。故选A。 14. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：随后在2016年，“数字敦煌”项目应运而生，它使游客能够在线欣赏这些生动的图像，其目的是为了永久保存壁画和相关历史资料。A. currently当前；B. temporarily暂时地；C. occasionally偶尔；D. permanently永久地。根据后文“preserving the murals and historical data”可知，数字敦煌是为了长久保存文物，避免其受损消失。故选D。 15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为“敦煌女儿”，她毕生的追求向我们诠释了如何在平凡中成就非凡。A. recognise认出；B. compare比较；C. achieve实现，成就；D. connect连接。根据后文“the extraordinary with the ordinary”可知，她用平凡的坚守做出了非凡的贡献，实现了非凡的价值。故选C。 六、阅读理解（阅读单选）　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 The British Museum has a rich collection of ancient Chinese paintings that has attracted many visitors. At the center of the protection of these artworks is senior conservator (文物修复员) Qiu Jinxian. Joanna Kosek, head of Pictorial Art Conservation at the British Museum, told the media that Qiu is considered one of the museum’s most valuable treasures. “We let the treasure treat the treasure,” Kosek said. In 1987, Qiu was introduced to Mrs. Jessica Rawson, director of the British Museum. At that time, there were no conservators skilled in ancient Chinese art at the museum. The large collection of Chinese paintings was mainly repaired using Japanese and British methods. As these were not suitable for Chinese paintings, many artworks were kept in storage instead of being shown to the public. Just before Christmas in 1987, Qiu had her first appointment at the British Museum. She was asked to repair an ancient scroll (卷轴) by Fu Baoshi, badly damaged by fire. Her methods, such as washing with warm water to separate the glue to repair the paper, greatly surprised everyone. Some even took out cameras to record her work, as they had never seen this way of repairing art. Mrs. Rawson was so amazed that she immediately invited Qiu to join the museum. Chinese ancient paintings are very difficult to repair because of their large size, complex materials, and rich content. The most important thing is to understand the long history and culture behind each painting. The repair process takes a great deal of time and energy. Each painting normally takes several months from cleaning to completion. Since 1987, Qiu has repaired more than 400 artworks. Qiu told the media that she is very proud of her work. She wants more people to understand and appreciate Chinese history and culture through art. Originally from China, these artistic treasures, restored to their former splendor, glow with timeless charm and add profound brilliance to world art. 1. What was the problem with Chinese paintings at the museum before Qiu’s arrival? A. Most of them had been severely damaged by fire. B. They were too large for any conservator to repair. C. They were repaired with methods ill-suited for them. D. No conservator had experience in any form of Asian art. 2. What makes Chinese ancient paintings difficult to repair? A. Their paper, materials, and the use of ancient techniques. B. Their size, materials, and the cultural knowledge required. C. Their size, content, and the lack of conservators worldwide. D. Their history, materials, and the need to find original colors. 3. What is Qiu’s attitude toward Chinese artworks being kept abroad? A. Indifferent, caring only about the technical repair work. B. Conflicted, believing they should be returned to China. C. Critical, questioning the museum’s way of keeping them. D. Open, for they deserve to be admired and cherished by all. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. Ancient Chinese Paintings: Hard to Restore B. Qiu Jinxian: The Treasure Protecting Treasures C. East Meets West: Different Conservation Methods D. The British Museum: Home to the World’s Finest Art 【答案】1. C     2. B     3. D     4. B      【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍文物修复师邱锦仙在大英博物馆修复中国古画，让珍贵文物重焕光彩，传播中华文化的故事。 1. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The large collection of Chinese paintings was mainly repaired using Japanese and British methods. As these were not suitable for Chinese paintings, many artworks were kept in storage instead of being shown to the public.(大量中国古画主要采用日本和英国的方法修复。由于这些方法不适用于中国古画，许多艺术品被封存起来，未能向公众展出。)”可知，在邱锦仙到来之前，馆内的中国古画使用的修复方法并不适合它们。故选C项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Chinese ancient paintings are very difficult to repair because of their large size, complex materials, and rich content. The most important thing is to understand the long history and culture behind each painting.(中国古画修复难度极大，原因在于其尺寸大、材质复杂、内容丰富。最重要的是要理解每幅画背后悠久的历史与文化。)”可知，尺寸、材质以及所需的文化知识让中国古画难以修复。故选B项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第六段中的“She wants more people to understand and appreciate Chinese history and culture through art.(她希望更多人通过艺术了解和欣赏中国的历史与文化。)”可知，邱锦仙认为这些海外的中国艺术品值得被所有人欣赏和珍视，态度是开放的。故选D项。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“Joanna Kosek, head of Pictorial Art Conservation at the British Museum, told the media that Qiu is considered one of the museum’s most valuable treasures. “We let the treasure treat the treasure,” Kosek said.(大英博物馆绘画艺术品保护部门主管乔安娜·科塞克向媒体表示，邱锦仙被视为该博物馆最珍贵的藏品之一。科塞克说：“我们以珍宝护珍宝。”)”可知，文章围绕邱锦仙修复中国古画、守护文物珍宝展开，因此“邱锦仙：守护珍宝的宝藏”最适合作为标题。故选B项。 七、阅读理解（七选五）　阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Cultural heritage is a precious gift from our ancestors (祖先). It shows the history and spirit of a nation, and helps us know where we come from. ______1______ It includes two main types: tangible (有形的) heritage and intangible heritage. Tangible heritage refers to things we can touch, such as old buildings, ancient paintings and traditional tools. Intangible heritage is made up of things we can feel but can’t touch, like folk music, dance and festival customs. Every piece of cultural heritage has great value. ______2______ For example, the Forbidden City in Beijing tells us about the life of ancient emperors and the wisdom of ancient Chinese people. What’s more, cultural heritage can bring people from different countries together. However, many cultural heritage sites are in danger now. ______3______ Some are damaged by natural disasters, while others are harmed by human activities like over-tourism. Then, what can we do to protect cultural heritage? ______4______ We can learn more about it by reading books or visiting museums. We can also follow the rules when we visit heritage sites and tell our friends about the significance (意义) of protection. ______5______ Protecting cultural heritage is not only a duty but also a way to promote cultural exchanges and pass down our history to future generations. Let’s work together to save this treasure for our world. A. It helps us understand the past and shape the future. B. There are several reasons for the danger they are facing. C. First, we should know that cultural heritage is easy to lose. D. It is a question that needs everyone to take action to answer. E. Cultural heritage is not just one thing but a collection of treasures. F. Cultural heritage plays an important role in connecting people worldwide. G. Cultural heritage has both tangible and intangible parts, and both are important. 【答案】1. E     2. A     3. B     4. D     5. F      【解析】文章介绍了文化遗产的定义、类型、价值及面临的威胁，并呼吁大家共同保护这一宝贵财富。 1. 上文“Cultural heritage is a precious gift from our ancestors (祖先). It shows the history and spirit of a nation, and helps us know where we come from.(文化遗产是祖先留给我们的珍贵礼物。它展示了一个国家的历史和精神，帮助我们了解自己的根)”说明文化遗产的重要性。空处和前文为顺接关系，应进一步说明文化遗产的丰富内涵。下文“It includes two main types: tangible heritage and intangible heritage.(它包括两种主要类型：有形遗产和无形遗产)”说明文化遗产包含多种类型。所以E项“文化遗产不只是一件东西，而是一系列珍宝的集合。”符合语境，“a collection of treasures”与下文“two main types”相呼应，且下文中的it指代“cultural heritage”。 2. 上文“Every piece of cultural heritage has great value.(每一件文化遗产都有巨大的价值)”说明文化遗产的价值。下文“For example, the Forbidden City in Beijing tells us about the life of ancient emperors and the wisdom of ancient Chinese people. What’s more, cultural heritage can bring people from different countries together.(例如，北京的紫禁城告诉我们古代皇帝的生活和中国古代人民的智慧。更重要的是，文化遗产可以将来自不同国家的人们聚集在一起)”举例说明文化遗产帮助我们了解过去。空处和前文为顺接关系，应具体说明其价值所在。所以A项“它帮助我们了解过去并塑造未来。”符合语境，“understand the past”与下文“tells us about the life of ancient emperors”相呼应。 3. 上文“However, many cultural heritage sites are in danger now.(然而，许多文化遗产地现在处于危险之中)”说明文化遗产面临威胁。下文“Some are damaged by natural disasters, while others are harmed by human activities like over-tourism.(有些被自然灾害破坏，另一些被过度旅游等人类活动损害)”具体列举了危险的原因。空处和前文为顺接关系，应说明造成危险的原因。所以B项“它们面临的危险有几个原因。”符合语境。 4. 上文“Then, what can we do to protect cultural heritage?(那么，我们能做些什么来保护文化遗产呢？)”提出保护文化遗产的问题。空处承接问句，说明该问题需要众人行动解答。所以D项“这是一个需要每个人都采取行动来回答的问题。”符合语境，该项中的It指代前文中的问题。 5. 下文“Protecting cultural heritage is not only a duty but also a way to promote cultural exchanges and pass down our history to future generations.(保护文化遗产不仅是一项责任，也是促进文化交流并将历史传递给后代的一种方式)”说明保护文化遗产的意义。空处为段首句，总结保护文化遗产的重要性。所以F项“文化遗产在连接全世界人民方面发挥着重要作用。”符合语境。 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $