精品解析：广东省茂名市第一中学2026-2027学年高二上学期11月期中英语试题

茂名市第一中学2026—2027学年度第一学期期中考试 高二英语试卷 考试时间：120分钟 总分：130分 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A Smart Moves (智慧出行) for a Connected Community Shared mobility (共享出行) is widely recognized as a key contributor to sustainable urban development, offering a greener alternative to people’s travel. To directly address residents’ practical travel challenges like inconvenient daily commutes (通勤) and high family trip costs, our city has launched the Community Shared Mobility Program. The program provides a diverse range of vehicles, including e-bikes with adjustable seats, lightweight e-scooters (电动滑板车), and family cars that can be fitted with child seats upon request. You can access these through the official app, 24/7 hotline, or service stations, where cash payments are also accommodated for greater convenience, Program Details Accessible Vehicles Seating Time Frame Rate / hour E-bikes & e-scooters 1 Off season $6 Peak season $8 Other types of vehicles 4 Off season $25 Peak season $40 Note: The peak season is during official holidays and summer vacation (June 15 to August 31); other times are in the off-season. Book & Return ·Book at least 1 hour ahead, with a maximum usage of 8-hour per trip. ·Overtime is charged at 1.5x the hourly rate and billed by the hour. ·Return to a service station or flexible parking zone shown in the app. Who Can Join? The program is open to anyone aged 18 or above. A comprehensive instruction book is provided on the official app for all new users. Furthermore, additional support is available for seniors and the disabled to ensure that the program remains accessible to a broad group. For more information, visit www.mobility.com or the service center at 5 Central Street. 1. What is the purpose of the program? A. To enrich the citizens’ leisure life. B. To boost the sales of electric cars. C. To solve travel issues for residents. D. To advertise an energy-saving app. 2. How much does it cost to rent an e-bike for 8.5 hours in July? A. $64. B. $68. C. $70. D. $76. 3. What is offered to new users of the program? A. A deep discount. B. A detailed guide. C. A free trial period. D. A welcome bonus. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了城市社区共享出行计划的目的、车辆类型、收费标准及使用规则。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“To directly address residents’ practical travel challenges like inconvenient daily commutes (通勤) and high family trip costs, our city has launched the Community Shared Mobility Program.(为了直接解决居民的实际出行挑战，如日常通勤不便和家庭出行成本高昂，我市推出了社区共享出行计划)”可知，该计划的目的是解决居民的出行问题。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格中信息可知，“E-bikes & e-scooters”在“Peak season(旅游旺季)”的费率为$8/小时；结合表格下信息“Note: The peak season is during official holidays and summer vacation (June 15 to August 31) (旺季为法定节假日和暑假（6月15日至8月31日）)”可知，7月属于旺季，电动自行车费率为$8/小时；再结合“Book & Return”部分中“Book at least 1 hour ahead, with a maximum usage of 8-hour per trip.(至少提前1小时预订，每次行程最多使用8小时)”和“Overtime is charged at 1.5x the hourly rate and billed by the hour. (超时按每小时1.5倍计算，并按小时计费)”可知，8.5小时包含8小时正常使用和0.5小时超时，费用为8×$8 + 0.5×$8×1.5 = $64 + $6 = $70。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Who Can Join?”部分中“A comprehensive instruction book is provided on the official app for all new users. (官方应用程序为所有新用户提供全面的使用手册)”可知，新用户可获得详细指南。 B Born on her family’s farm in Ray, North Dakota, Mary Sherman Morgan had been helping her father with farm work before she could attend the small-town schoolhouse. Being a few years behind didn’t hold her back and she graduated from high school with honors. Aware of her intelligence, she ran away from Ray to attend Minot State University as a chemistry major, where her skill was evident. The outbreak of World War II led to a national shortage of chemists and scientists. In spite of the fact that she was still a student and a woman, she was offered a job as a chemical analyst due to her talents, producing explosives (爆炸物) for the wartime effort. She put her degree on hold and moved to Ohio, taking on the dangerous job of analyzing unstable chemicals to produce weapons.  After the war ended there was a fall in demand for explosives, so she made a move to the field of aeronautics, moving to California to work for NAA (North American Aviation). The only woman out of 900 engineers, she was soon promoted to a role which involved calculating the performance of rocket propellants (推进剂) and designing special fuels to work with different engines. However, never having returned to complete her degree, she was not afforded the rank or higher pay of an engineer, even though she had all the skills and knowledge of one.  Her experience with propellants meant that when NAA was tasked to find a fuel capable of lifting the redesigned Redstone missiles into space, Morgan was appointed technical lead on the project. National pride was on the line, so Morgan set about investigating fuels. After countless trials, she finally designed her own mixture, which was named Hydyne.  Hydyne tested well with the Redstone missiles and subsequently other aircraft (飞行器) , such as Jupiter-C rockets, proving to be a quick solution to getting to space without a total rocket redesign. The fuel made the first successful US satellite launch possible, even if Morgan silently slipped away from her success, retiring to focus on her family and leaving her chemistry career behind. 4. What do we know about Mary? A. She attended school while helping with farm work. B. She was offered a job as a chemistry analyst after graduation. C. She changed her working focus because her country’s demand changed. D. She launched the first US satellite before retiring from her career. 5. What was Mary doing after the war ended? A. Analyzing chemicals. B. Producing explosives. C. Mixing and saving fuels. D. Designing and building aircraft. 6. What made Mary the technical lead on the project of NAA? A. Her special knowledge in fuels. B. Her rank as an engineer. C. Her discovery of Hydyne. D. Her sense of national pride 7. Which of the following words can describe Mary Sherman Morgan? A. Caring and determined. B. Intelligent and skillful. C. Courageous but sensitive. D. Accomplished but proud. 【答案】4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了Mary Sherman Morgan的生平，她从农场女孩成长为化学分析师，后因战争需求转行，最终在航空领域取得重大成就的故事。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“The outbreak of World War II led to a national shortage of chemists and scientists.(第二次世界大战的爆发导致了全国化学家和科学家的短缺。)”和第三段“After the war ended there was a fall in demand for explosives, so she made a move to the field of aeronautics(战争结束后，炸药的需求出现下滑，于是她转向了航空领域)”可知，Mary的工作重点从化学家转向了航空领域，是因为国家的需求发生了变化。故选C。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“After the war ended there was a fall in demand for explosives, so she made a move to the field of aeronautics, moving to California to work for NAA (North American Aviation). The only woman out of 900 engineers, she was soon promoted to a role which involved calculating the performance of rocket propellants (推进剂) and designing special fuels to work with different engines.(战争结束后，炸药的需求出现下滑，于是她转向了航空领域，移居加利福尼亚为北美航空公司（NAA）效力。作为 900 名工程师中唯一的女性，她很快得到晋升，负责计算火箭推进剂的性能，并为不同发动机设计专用燃料。)”可知，战后Mary在设计和制造飞行器。故选D。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Her experience with propellants meant that when NAA was tasked to find a fuel capable of lifting the redesigned Redstone missiles into space, Morgan was appointed technical lead on the project.(她在推进剂方面的经验意味着，当NAA被委以寻找一种能够将重新设计的红石导弹送入太空的燃料时，摩根被任命为该项目的技术负责人。)”可知，Mary在推进剂方面的特殊知识使她成为NAA项目的技术负责人。故选A。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Aware of her intelligence, she ran away from Ray to attend Minot State University as a chemistry major, where her skill was evident.(意识到自己的聪明，她从Ray逃走，进入Minot州立大学主修化学，在那里她的技能很明显。)”可知，Mary是一个聪明且有技能的人。故选B。 C Electric vehicles (EVs) can help cut fuel expenses and lower emissions compared to gasoline-powered cars. However, their success depends heavily on the availability of convenient charging options. For people living in apartments or dense urban neighborhoods, access to charging stations is often limited, which continues to slow wider EV adoption. To help close this gap, researchers at Penn State designed a framework to develop and assess streetlight-based charging systems as a solution. The team set up 23 upgraded streetlights in Kansas City, Missouri, to test the concept. Their findings showed that streetlight chargers were not only more cost-efficient and time-efficient than traditional charging stations, but they also produced fewer environmental impacts. Funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, the researchers partnered with organizations and companies to upgrade existing streetlights to function as EV chargers. They then established a framework — focused on demand, practicality and benefits — for other communities to use to develop streetlight EV charger s. To determine demand, the researchers looked at factors including land use, station density, points of interest nearby, and traffic volume and then used the data to train artificial intelligence models to make demand predictions based on these factors. Compared to traditional EV charging ports, the researchers found that streetlight charger s were much cheaper to set up, since the streetlights already existed. They also found that the streetlight chargers offered significantly faster charging speeds, likely because they draw power from dedicated electrical lines and face less competition from multiple vehicles charging at the same time. The streetlight charging stations also benefited the environment, since there were energy savings and greenhouse gas reductions by using locations where cars were already parking. For next steps, the researchers said they would like to build on their models by adding more detailed socioeconomic data and weather information. It will help identify communities with limited EV access or adoption potential, ensuring a fairer setup of facilities. Weather data is also critical, as extreme temperatures can affect battery performance, travel frequency and overall energy demand. 8. What is the primary focus of the Penn State research project? A. The comparison of electric and gasoline vehicles. B. The creation of a highly efficient EV charging network. C. The development of energy-saving streetlights. D. The application of AI in urban traffic management. 9. What did the researchers do to determine demand for streetlight chargers? A. They surveyed public charging habits. B. They developed a beneficial framework. C. They trained AI models for predictions. D. They upgraded the existing streetlights. 10. What is an advantage of streetlight chargers over traditional ports? A. They win greater public favor. B. They require much less maintenance. C. They charge significantly faster. D. They use more eco-friendly materials. 11. According to the text, what will the research team do next? A. Improve their models with more specific data. B. Expand the system to rural areas nationwide. C. Design new chargers for extreme weather. D. Lower the production costs for electric vehicles. 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. C 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍一项关于路灯式电动汽车充电系统的研究成果，解释其设计原理、实施过程、优势及未来方向。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Electric vehicles (EVs) can help cut fuel expenses and lower emissions compared to gasoline-powered cars. However, their success depends heavily on the availability of convenient charging options. For people living in apartments or dense urban neighborhoods, access to charging stations is often limited, which continues to slow wider EV adoption. (与汽油动力汽车相比，电动汽车（EV）有助于削减燃料费用并降低排放。然而，电动汽车的成功在很大程度上取决于便捷充电选项的普及程度。对于居住在公寓或人口密集的城市社区的人们来说，充电站的获取途径往往有限，这继续阻碍着电动汽车的更广泛普及)”以及第二段“ To help close this gap, researchers at Penn State designed a framework to develop and assess streetlight-based charging systems as a solution. (为了帮助缩小这一差距，宾夕法尼亚州立大学的研究人员设计了一个框架，以开发和评估基于路灯的充电系统作为解决方案。)”可推知，宾夕法尼亚州立大学研究项目的主要重点是建立高效的电动汽车充电网络。故选B项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“To determine demand, the researchers looked at factors including land use, station density, points of interest nearby, and traffic volume and then used the data to train artificial intelligence models to make demand predictions based on these factors. (为了确定需求，研究人员研究了包括土地使用、车站密度、附近兴趣点和交通量在内的因素，然后使用数据训练人工智能模型，根据这些因素做出需求预测。)”可知，研究人员训练人工智能模型进行预测来确定对路灯充电器的需求。故选C项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“Compared to traditional EV charging ports, the researchers found that streetlight charger s were much cheaper to set up, since the streetlights already existed. They also found that the streetlight charger s offered significantly faster charging speeds, likely because they draw power from dedicated electrical lines and face less competition from multiple vehicles charging at the same time. (研究人员发现，与传统的电动汽车充电端口相比，路灯充电器的安装成本要低得多，因为路灯已经存在了。他们还发现，路灯充电器的充电速度要快得多，这可能是因为它们从专用的电线中获取电力，因此面临的多辆车同时充电的竞争更少。)”可知，路灯充电器与传统充电端口相比，它们的充电速度快得多。故选C项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“For next steps, the researchers said they would like to build on their models by adding more detailed socioeconomic data and weather information. It will help identify communities with limited EV access or adoption potential, ensuring a fairer setup of facilities. Weather data is also critical, as extreme temperatures can affect battery performance, travel frequency and overall energy demand. (对于下一步，研究人员表示，他们希望通过添加更详细的社会经济数据和天气信息来建立他们的模型。它将有助于确定电动汽车接入或采用潜力有限的社区，确保更公平的设施设置。天气数据也很重要，因为极端温度会影响电池性能、出行频率和整体能源需求。)”可知，研究小组下一步准备用更具体的数据改进他们的模型。故选A项。 D A groundbreaking study recently published in Nature Aging has shed new light on the relationship between inflammation (炎症) and aging, suggesting that inflammation commonly related to aging, known as “inflammaging”, may not be a universal phenomenon. Historically, scientists have viewed inflammaging as a primary driver of age-related diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and dementia. This condition is characterized by the immune system’s chronic (慢性的) state of overactivity, which can lead to organ damage and various health problems. However, the findings from the new study challenge the assumption that this biological process occurs similarly across different populations. The study involved analyzing blood samples from over 2,800 individuals to assess levels of inflammation-causing substances. The researchers identified the same pattern of increasing inflammatory markers in the Italian and Singaporean participants, linked to a higher rate of chronic diseases. In contrast, the native Tsimane people of the Bolivian Amazon and the Orang Asli from Malaysia showed no such pattern. Despite high inflammatory markers, the Tsimane experience significantly lower rates of chronic illnesses common in industrialized nations. These results raise critical questions about the nature of inflammaging. One potential explanation is that the phenomenon may be a byproduct of sedentary lifestyles and high-calorie diets popular in modern societies. In contrast, traditional lifestyles characterized by higher physical activity and diverse diets might lead to a different immune response where inflammation serves a protective role, rather than an unhealthy one. The implications of this study are profound. What is beneficial for individuals in urban settings may not necessarily hold true for those following traditional lifestyles. Moreover, the research highlights a significant gap in our understanding of human health, emphasizing the need for more inclusive studies that encompass diverse populations and environments. The study serves as a critical reminder that our perceptions of aging are shaped by our environments and lifestyles. What has been perceived as a universal truth in the biology of aging may, in fact, reflect local adaptations influenced by cultural practices and health behaviors. 12. What is the finding of the study published in Nature Aging? A. Evidence denies that inflammatory is universal. B. Analysis confirms that inflammatory drives age-related diseases. C. Results suggest that inflammatory benefits the elderly. D. Data indicate that inflammatory weakens with age universally. 13. What did the study reveal about the Tsimane people? A. Effective local medicines for age-related illnesses. B. Sharp decrease in inflammation with age. C. Unique genetic protection against chronic diseases. D. High inflammation yet low chronic disease rates. 14. What does the underlined word “sedentary” probably mean in paragraph 4? A. Socially isolated. B. Physically inactive. C. Nutritionally poor. D. Chronically stressful. 15. What is the main idea of the text? A. Urban lifestyles offer the defense against chronic diseases. B. Genetic factors play a role in human health outcomes. C. Universal drug treatments represent the future for elderly care. D. Specific contexts shape aging processes across populations. 【答案】12. A 13. D 14. B 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了发表在《自然·衰老》杂志上的一项研究，该研究分析了不同人群的炎症水平，发现与衰老相关的炎症并非普遍现象。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“A groundbreaking study recently published in Nature Aging has shed new light on the relationship between inflammation and aging, suggesting that inflammation commonly related to aging, known as “inflammaging”, may not be a universal phenomenon.(最近发表在《自然·衰老》上的一项开创性研究揭示了炎症与衰老之间的新关系，表明与衰老相关的常见炎症，即“炎症衰老”，可能并非普遍现象。)”可知，发表在《自然·衰老》上的研究发现炎症并非普遍现象。故选A项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“In contrast, the native Tsimane people of the Bolivian Amazon and the Orang Asli from Malaysia showed no such pattern. Despite high inflammatory markers, the Tsimane experience significantly lower rates of chronic illnesses common in industrialized nations.(相比之下，玻利维亚亚马逊地区的土著齐曼内人和马来西亚的奥朗阿斯利人没有表现出这种模式。尽管炎症标志物水平较高，但齐曼内人患工业化国家常见慢性病的比率要低得多。)”可知，齐曼内人炎症高但慢性病发病率低。故选D项。 【14题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第四段中的“One potential explanation is that the phenomenon may be a byproduct of sedentary lifestyles and high-calorie diets popular in modern societies.(一种可能的解释是，这种现象可能是现代社会中流行的sedentary的生活方式和高热量饮食的副产品。)”以及“In contrast, traditional lifestyles characterized by higher physical activity and diverse diets might lead to a different immune response where inflammation serves a protective role, rather than an unhealthy one.(相比之下，以更高的身体活动和多样化的饮食为特征的传统生活方式可能会导致不同的免疫反应，在这种反应中，炎症起到保护作用，而不是不健康的作用。)”可知，这里将现代生活方式和传统生活方式进行对比，传统生活方式是高体力活动，那么现代生活方式就是体力活动少，即久坐不动的，所以“sedentary”意思是“久坐不动的，缺乏运动的”，选项B“Physically inactive.(身体不活跃的)”符合题意。故选B项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“The study serves as a critical reminder that our perceptions of aging are shaped by our environments and lifestyles. What has been perceived as a universal truth in the biology of aging may, in fact, reflect local adaptations influenced by cultural practices and health behaviors.(这项研究是一个重要的提醒，即我们对衰老的认知是由我们的环境和生活方式塑造的。在衰老生物学中被认为是普遍真理的东西，实际上可能反映了受文化习俗和健康行为影响的局部适应性。)”可知，文章主要讲述了不同人群的衰老过程受特定环境和生活方式的影响，选项D“Specific contexts shape aging processes across populations.(特定环境塑造了不同人群的衰老过程)”符合题意。故选D项。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分) 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项. Critical (批判的) thinking is the art of using reason to analyze ideas and dig deeper to get to our true potential. It doesn’t mean you’re thinking harder or longer. ____16____ Here are some tips and ideas to help you build a foundation for critical thinking. Question your assumptions. We make a lot of assumptions about almost everything. It’s how our brain processes certain pieces of information, and how we get along in everyday life. You could say they are the foundation of our critical framework. ____17____ Then the whole foundation needs to be rebuilt, from the bottom up. Don’t take information on authority until you've investigated it yourself. Instead of double-checking everything anyone says, we tend to label information as either coming from a trustworthy or not trustworthy source. This keeps us from double-checking every piece of information that comes our way, saving time and energy. But it also keeps us from getting to the bottom of things we think of as coming from a trustworthy source, even when they don’t. ___18___ Put yourself in other people’s shoes. Empathy can also help you develop your critical thinking skills. ____19____ You may find that a little understanding facilitates a deeper insight into other people and their behavior. The deeper your insight into yourself and others, the wiser your decisions will be. ___20___ There is no way to learn better than learning from your friends. If you only want to be a big fish swimming in the little pond just because your ego (自负) feels good, keep this part. If you are wondering about how to develop critical skills, make friends with smart people and throw away your ego. A. Actually, it’s about thinking better. B. Surround yourself with people smarter than you. C. Be someone that people know that they can count on. D. You should not judge others until you fully understand their situation. E. But what if they turned out to be wrong, or at least not entirely truthful? F. The reason is that understanding does not always go with the right action. G. So what is published in a magazine or online doesn’t mean it’s necessarily true. 【答案】16. A 17. E 18. G 19. D 20. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。批判性思维是一种运用理性分析思想、深入挖掘以达到真正潜能的艺术。这是更好地思考。文中介绍了一些帮助你建立批判性思维基础的技巧和想法：勇于质疑、会移情，为他人着想、与聪明的人相处等。 【16题详解】 本段是对批判性思维的定义。根据空前“It doesn’t mean you’re thinking harder or longer.(这并不是你思考的更久或更长)”可知，批判性思维并不是你思考的更久或更长，空处应是接着进行解释“而是……”，选项A“实际上，它是关于更好地思考”符合语境，“不是……而是……”是一种常用的解释，故选A项。 【17题详解】 根据空后“Then the whole foundation needs to be rebuilt, from the bottom up.(那么整个基础就需要自下而上重建)”可推断，需要重建说明假设是错误的，分析选项，E项“但是如果它们被证明是错误的，或者至少不是完全真实的呢？”符合语境，与后面的整个基础就需要重建是互为条件。故选E项。 【18题详解】 根据本段首句“Don’t take information on authority until you've investigated it yourself.(在你自己调查之前，不要轻信权威人士的信息)”及空前一句“But it also keeps us from getting to the bottom of things we think of as coming from a trustworthy source, even when they don’t.(但它也使我们无法弄清我们认为来自可靠来源的事情的真相，即使事实并非如此)”可知，本段主要讲不要轻信权威，我们认为来自权威来源的信息有时事实并非如此，分析选项可知，G项“所以杂志或网络上发表的内容并不意味着这是真的”符合语境，因为杂志上发表的东西相对是权威性的。故选G项。 【19题详解】 根据本段主题句“Put yourself in other people’s shoes.(设身处地为别人着想)”可知，本段主要讲述要设身处地为别人着想，结合空后“You may find that a little understanding facilitates a deeper insight into other people and their behavior.(你可能会发现，些许的理解有助于更深入地了解他人及其行为)”可知，D项“不理解别人时不要评价别人”与此处语义一致，D项选中的动词understand与空后的名词understanding呼应。故选D项。 【20题详解】 空处是本段主题句，根据本段最后一句“If you are wondering about how to develop critical skills, make friends with smart people and throw away your ego.(如果你想知道如何培养关键技能，和聪明的人交朋友，抛弃你的自负)”可知，本段主要讲要与聪明的人在一起，分析选项可知B项“和比你更聪明的在一起”符合题意。故选B项。 第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分) 阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项. Sweat slips down my cheek as I attempt a shoulder stretch and look around. It’s just me, a couple of seabirds, and shining ____21____ to the horizon. This, I whisper to myself, is ____22____. Solo outings had never ____23____ my mind before because I always had a friend with me. But three years ago, I ____24____ to Cleveland. Meeting friends in a new city was ____25____, leaving me feeling quite lonely occasionally. In October 2020, I decided to take a solo hiking trip. I went to Cuyahoga Valley National Park to ____26____ the autumn leaves. Four miles in, I couldn’t remember the last time I’d felt so ____27____. I focused my ____28____ on each forest sound and did something I almost never made time for: I listened to my own thoughts. When spring arrived, I decided to try out another solo sport: kayaking (皮划艇). My chest, ____29____ tightened by nerves, was bursting with happiness when I finally reached the middle of the river. The ____30____ from anxiety to joy was incredible. Since that first solo hike, adventuring alone has become like ____31____ for my soul. It has also pushed me to ____32____ my comfort zone and to meet new people. Through social media, my adventure-friend circle has ____33____. But at least once per month, I schedule time to hit ____34____ with my favorite friend: me. These solo journeys are not just about exercise; they have taught me the ____35____ of my own company and made me stronger than ever before. 21. A. ground B. water C. light D. sand 22. A. challenging B. emotional C. superb D. annoying 23. A. crossed B. cleared C. opened D. changed 24. A. rushed B. moved C. returned D. drove 25. A. random B. casual C. ready D. tough 26. A. admire B. favour C. adjust D. catch 27. A. ambitious B. energetic C. alive D. powerful 28. A. ears B. eyes C. heart D. hands 29. A. hardly B. secretly C. directly D. initially 30. A. reaction B. pause C. shift D. gap 31. A. witness B. route C. poison D. medicine 32. A. take in B. go beyond C. put off D. give up 33. A. contracted B. bloomed C. ballooned D. shortened 34. A. nature B. sports C. work D. home 35. A. danger B. cost C. reason D. value 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者因搬到新城市后难以交友而感到孤独，于是开始尝试独自户外活动，从中获得了快乐与成长，并逐渐爱上独处的故事。 【21题详解】 考查名词。句意：只有我自己、几只海鸟，还有一直延伸到地平线的波光粼粼的水面。A. ground地面；B. water水；C. light光；D. sand沙子。根据上文“a couple of seabirds”以及下文“to the horizon”可知，作者身处海边或湖边，看到的是水天相接的景象。 【22题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这，我低声对自己说，真是太棒了。A. challenging有挑战的；B. emotional情绪化的；C. superb极好的；棒的；D. annoying烦人的。根据下文“bursting with happiness”以及作者对独自户外活动的积极态度可知，作者觉得眼前的景色非常棒。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：独自外出以前从未在我脑海中出现过，因为我总是有朋友陪伴。A. crossed穿过；（想法）掠过；B. cleared清除；C. opened打开；D. changed改变。根据下文“because I always had a friend with me”可知，作者以前从未想过独自外出。cross one’s mind为固定搭配，意为“（想法）掠过脑海”。 【24题详解】 考查动词。句意：但三年前，我搬到了克利夫兰。A. rushed冲；B. moved搬家；C. returned返回；D. drove驾驶。根据下文“Meeting friends in a new city was tough”可知，作者搬到了一个新城市。 【25题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在一个新城市交朋友很难，这让我偶尔感到非常孤独。A. random随机的；B. casual随意的；C. ready准备好的；D. tough困难的。根据下文“leaving me feeling quite lonely occasionally”可知，在新城市交朋友很困难。 【26题详解】 考查动词。句意：我去了库雅荷加谷国家公园欣赏秋叶。A. admire欣赏；B. favour偏爱；C. adjust调整；D. catch抓住。根据下文“the autumn leaves”可知，作者去公园是为了欣赏秋叶。 【27题详解】 考查形容词。句意：走了四英里后，我想不起上一次感到如此充满活力是什么时候了。A. ambitious有雄心的；B. energetic精力充沛的；C. alive充满活力的；D. powerful强大的。根据下文“I was more aware of my surroundings than I'd ever been”可知，作者感到前所未有的活力。alive在此处表示“充满活力的”。 【28题详解】 考查名词。句意：我把耳朵集中在每一种森林声音上，做了一件我几乎从不抽空做的事：我倾听自己的想法。A. ears耳朵；B. eyes眼睛；C. heart心；D. hands手。根据下文“each forest sound”可知，作者用耳朵聆听森林的声音。 【29题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我的胸口最初因紧张而紧绷，当我终于到达河中央时，却充满了幸福。A. hardly几乎不；B. secretly秘密地；C. directly直接地；D. initially最初。根据下文“was bursting with happiness when I finally reached”可知，作者最初紧张，后来变得开心。 【30题详解】 考查名词。句意：从焦虑到喜悦的转变令人难以置信。A. reaction反应；B. pause暂停；C. shift转变；D. gap差距。根据上文“from anxiety to joy”可知，这是一种情绪上的转变。 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意：自从第一次独自远足以来，独自冒险对我来说就像一剂良药。A. witness见证；B. route路线；C. poison毒药；D. medicine药。根据下文“for my soul”以及作者对独自活动的积极评价可知，独自冒险对作者的心灵有益，像药一样。 【32题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：它也促使我走出舒适区，去结识新朋友。A. take in吸收；B. go beyond超越；C. put off推迟；D. give up放弃。根据下文“my comfort zone”可知，作者超越了舒适区。go beyond one’s comfort zone意为“走出舒适区”。 【33题详解】 考查动词。句意：通过社交媒体，我的冒险朋友圈迅速扩大了。A. contracted收缩；B. bloomed开花；C. ballooned膨胀，迅速扩大；D. shortened缩短。根据上文“to meet new people”以及“Through social media”可知，作者的朋友圈子扩大了。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：但至少每月一次，我会安排时间和大自然亲密接触，和我最喜欢的朋友：我自己。A. nature自然；B. sports运动；C. work工作；D. home家。根据上文“solo hiking”和“kayaking”以及作者对户外活动的描述可知，作者是去亲近自然。hit nature意为“亲近自然”。 【35题详解】 考查名词。句意：这些独自旅行不仅仅是关于锻炼；它们教会了我独处的价值，让我变得比以往任何时候都更强大。A. danger危险；B. cost成本；C. reason原因；D. value价值。根据下文“of my own company and made me stronger than ever before”可知，作者认识到了独处的价值。 第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As the wheel of time turns, traditional practices are witnessing a comeback. Gua Sha, an ancient Chinese healing technique, has been gaining popularity in recent years as a holistic (整体的) approach ____36____ wellness and beauty, because it offers various benefits to modern wellness seekers. On a media app, a before-and-after video of Gua Sha has been viewed more than 11.8 million times. Meanwhile, influencers have started to share their Gua Sha routines on some other media apps, ____37____ (attract) growing attention from global audiences. Moreover, Western beauty stores and ____38____ (celebrity) have jumped at the fashion and started favoring Gua Sha or selling its tools. Actually, Gua Sha has been practiced in China since the Ming Dynasty and is known to have muscle pain relieved ____39____ improve blood circulation. Originally, it ____40____ (use) on the body, like arms, legs, and back; however, nowadays, it's commonly used to improve the health of ____41____ (face) skin. The practice is performed using a smooth-edged tool to gently scrape (刮) areas of the body, ____42____ can encourage a healthy flow of energy and blood. Gua Sha, a TCM practice, also ____43____ (recognize) as a cultural practice, now has ____44____ (incredible) found its way to the West due to its potential health benefits. Undoubtedly, promoting TCM practices could be ____45____ much-needed opportunity for others to learn more about Chinese culture. 【答案】36. to 37. attracting 38. celebrities 39. and 40. was used 41. facial 42. which 43. recognized 44. incredibly 45. a 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍中国传统刮痧疗法近年在海外走红及背后的文化传播意义。 【36题详解】 考查介词。句意：随着时间的流转，传统习俗正迎来回归，刮痧作为一种整体的康养美容方式近年越来越受欢迎。approach to是固定搭配，意为“……的方式/途径”，空处需填介词to。 【37题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在一款媒体应用上，一条刮痧前后对比视频播放量超1180万，网红们也在其他平台分享刮痧日常。句中已有谓语动词have started，空格处填入非谓语动词，表示整个主句的内容产生的自然而然的结果，用attract“吸引”的现在分词attracting作结果状语。 【38题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：此外，西方美妆店和名人都追捧这一潮流，开始使用刮痧或售卖刮痧工具。and连接并列主语，celebrity“名人”是可数名词，此处表示多个名人，需用复数形式celebrities。 【39题详解】 考查连词。句意：实际上，刮痧从明代就在中国流传，已知它能缓解肌肉疼痛还能促进血液循环。空前“缓解肌肉疼痛”和空后“促进血液循环”是并列的两种功效，故用并列连词and连接两个并列的不定式结构。 【40题详解】 考查动词时态语态。句意：最初它被用在手臂、腿和背部等身体部位，如今则常被用于改善面部肌肤健康。主语it指代刮痧，和use“使用”之间是被动关系，且描述明代的过去行为，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数，故填入was used。 【41题详解】 考查形容词。句意：最初它被用在手臂、腿和背部等身体部位，如今则常被用于改善面部肌肤健康。空后是名词skin，需用形容词facial“面部的”作定语修饰名词。 【42题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这种操作是用边缘光滑的工具轻轻刮拭身体部位，这可以促进气血的健康流通。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个主句的内容，关系词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which。 【43题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：刮痧作为一种中医疗法，也被公认为一种文化实践，如今凭借潜在的康养功效传入西方。句中已有谓语动词has found，recognize“认可”与其逻辑主语Gua Sha之间为被动关系，故用过去分词recognized作后置定语。 【44题详解】 考查副词。句意：刮痧作为一种中医疗法，也被公认为一种文化实践，如今凭借潜在的康养功效传入西方。空处修饰动词短语found its way，需用副词incredibly“难以置信地、惊人地”作状语。 【45题详解】 考查冠词。句意：毫无疑问，推广中医疗法能成为他人深入了解中国文化的一个非常必要的机会。此处表示“一个亟需的机会”，much-needed是以辅音音素开头的复合形容词，故用不定冠词a。 第四部分 基础知识考查 （共两节，满分15分） 第一节 单词填空（共10小题；每题1分，满分10分） 根据中文提示和首字母填空，或根据括号内同根词填空。（注意：请将完整的单词（含首字母）填写在答题卷上。） 46. The teacher e_________ (评价) students by their performance last term.(根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】evaluated##valuated 【解析】 【详解】句意：这位老师根据学生上学期的表现评价他们。 空处作谓语，根据时间状语last term可知用一般过去时；结合首字母e和中文“评价”可知evaluate的过去式evaluated符合题意。 47. Jim won his third Olympic gold medal, and s_________ (获得) his place in history.(根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】secured##ecured 【解析】 【详解】句意：吉姆赢得了他的第三枚奥运金牌，并在历史上赢得一席之地。 结合中英文提示可知，表示“获得”用动词secure，and连接并列谓语，前面won为一般过去时，secure也用过去式secured。 48. If listeners look confused, you should make a___________(调整) to your body language at once.(根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】adjustments##djustments 【解析】 【详解】句意：如果听众看起来很困惑，你应该立刻对你的肢体语言做出调整。“调整”作动词make的宾语，名词adjustment符合题意。固定搭配make adjustments to...意为“对……做出调整”，因此adjustment用复数形式。 49. It has become a serious environmental problem, p________ (造成) an unprecedented threat to the wildlife around Antarctica. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】posing##osing 【解析】 【详解】句意：这已成为一个严重的环境问题，对南极洲周围的野生动物造成了前所未有的威胁。根据中文提示“造成”及首字母，可知应填动词pose，句中已有谓语动词has become，且空格前无连词连接，故空格处需用非谓语动词形式，空格处与其逻辑主语it（指代前文提到的环境问题）构成主动关系，应用现在分词posing作状语，表示前面所述情况自然而然产生的结果。 50. There is now i___________(激烈的) competition among the top tech companies.(根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】intense##ntense 【解析】 【详解】句意：现在顶尖科技公司之间存在着激烈的竞争。根据首字母和中文提示可知，表示“激烈的”应用形容词intense，在句中作定语修饰名词competition。 51. She used her powers of ______________ (persuade) to convince the committee to approve her proposal.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】persuasion 【解析】 【详解】句意：她运用自己的说服力说服委员会批准她的提案。介词of后面接名词，persuade的名词形式是persuasion，表示“说服力；劝说”，不可数。 52. Most spiders weave webs that are almost ___________ (visible). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】invisible 【解析】 【详解】句意：大多数蜘蛛织出的网几乎是看不见的。空处作表语，根据常识蜘蛛网很难被看见，形容词visible的反义词invisible“看不见的”符合题意。 53. Her song sounded wonderful _________ (accompany) by the music. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】accompanied 【解析】 【详解】句意：在音乐的伴奏下，她的歌听起来十分美妙。句中已有系动词sounded作谓语，accompany“伴奏”与其逻辑主语Her song之间为被动关系，故用过去分词accompanied作伴随状语。 54. The heating will switch off __________ ( automatic) when you leave the room.（用单词的适当形式完成句子） 【答案】automatically 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：当你离开这个房间时，暖气会自动关上。此处作状语，修饰动词短语 switch off 。所以填副词形式。故填 automatically。 55. The airplane encountered severe turbulence, ________ (buffet) violently through the storm clouds. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】buffeting 【解析】 【详解】句意：飞机遭遇严重湍流，在暴风雨云层中剧烈颠簸。句中已有谓语动词encountered，且无连词连接，所以空处应用非谓语动词；buffet与逻辑主语The airplane构成主动关系，应用现在分词buffeting作状语。 第二节 完成句子（共5小题；每空0.5分，满分5分） 根据中文提示填空，每个空仅填一个单词。 一到达这个偏远的村庄，热情微笑的当地人迎接了我们。 ____56____ ____57____ at the remote village, we were greeted by warm, smiling locals. 【答案】56. On 57. arriving 【解析】 【详解】表示“一……就……”可用on doing，“到达”用动词短语arrive at表达，arrive用动名词形式，位于句首单词首字母需大写。 58. 内心深处，他渴望得到重来一次的机会。 _________ _________ he was eager to get the chance to try again. 【答案】 ①. Deep ②. down 【解析】 【详解】“内心深处”作状语，用副词短语deep down；句首单词首字母大写。 仍不清楚市场何时会完全复苏。 ____59____ remained unclear____60____ the market would recover fully. 【答案】59. It 60. when 【解析】 【详解】表达“……仍不清楚”可用句型It remains/remained unclear+从句，it是形式主语，表示“何时”用连接副词when，引导主语从句。 那只鸟险些被年轻猎人射中。 The bird narrowly escaped ____61____ ____62____ by the young hunter. 【答案】61. being 62. shot 【解析】 【详解】表达“射击”用动词shoot，和逻辑主语bird是被动关系，结合固定搭配escape doing“逃避做某事，避开做某事”可知，空处应用动名词的被动形式being done作宾语。 我们缺两个人，没有他们，我们还需要三天的时间来完成这项工作。 We are short of two people, ____63____ ____64____ we will need three more days to finish the work. 【答案】63. without 64. whom 【解析】 【详解】表示没有用介词without，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词two people。先行词指人且关系词在从句中作介词without的宾语，应用关系代词whom，因此填without whom。 第五部分 写作（共两节，满分35分） 66. 第一节(满分15分) 65. 假定你是校英文报编辑部成员。报社拟开设专栏People of Achievement，请你为该专栏写一篇创刊词，内容包括： 1．创刊目的； 2．栏目介绍。 注意： （1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear readers, We are excited to announce the launch of our new column, “People of Achievement”. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The editorial department 【答案】Dear readers, We are excited to announce the launch of our new column, ‌“People of Achievement”. The column is intended to celebrate outstanding individuals whose stories can inspire and motivate us all. In this column, we will feature inspiring figures from various fields, including science, education, and sports. Through their stories, we hope to highlight the values of perseverance, dedication, and hard work. Each issue will include interviews, personal profiles, and key moments from their journeys. We welcome your suggestions and contributions. Let’s draw strength from these remarkable people together! The editorial department 【解析】 【导语】本题要求为校英文报专栏People of Achievement写一篇创刊词，需包含创刊目的和栏目介绍两个要点。 【详解】1.词汇积累 宣布：announce → declare/proclaim 成就：achievement → accomplishment 强调：highlight → stress/emphasize 建议：suggestion → proposal 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：In this column, we will feature inspiring figures from various fields, including science, education, and sports. 拓展句：In this column, we will feature inspiring figures from various fields, including science, education, and sports, whose stories will motivate and enlighten our readers. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The column is intended to celebrate outstanding individuals whose stories can inspire and motivate us all. (运用了whose引导的定语从句) [高分句型2] Through their stories, we hope to highlight the values of perseverance, dedication, and hard work.(运用了不定式作宾语) 67. 第二节(满分 20分) 66. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一个段落，使之构成一篇完整的短文，词数不少于80词。 Football has been my greatest passion since I was a little child. I have always been crazy about football matches. Whenever I watched players rushing across the green field, passing the ball skillfully and scoring wonderful goals, my heart was filled with excitement and hope. However, I was born weak, much thinner and far less athletic than my peers. For years, my poor physical condition cast a shadow over me. I became shy and lacked self-confidence. Deep in my heart, I loved football more than anything else, but I never had the courage to join formal football training. I was always troubled by worries. I feared that my weak body would drag my team down and turn me into a laughing stock among my classmates. Luckily, a precious opportunity came. A member of our school football team had to leave temporarily, and I was unexpectedly picked as his replacement. Knowing how hard this chance was to get, I cherished it deeply. From then on, I threw myself into strict daily training. No matter how tired or hot it was, I never complained or gave up. I kept practising basic skills again and again, working on my speed, passes and defence. Day after day, I grew stronger and my skills improved steadily. My coach and teammates noticed my efforts and praised me, yet I was still only a backup (替补队员). I could only sit on the bench and watch them compete, with no chance in an official match. The long-awaited inter-school football match finally arrived. The game was extremely fierce from the start. Both teams fought hard for the lead, and cheers from the stands made the atmosphere tense. As time went by, the score remained tied and the situation turned critical. Just then, an accident hit our team: our starting player twisted (扭伤) his ankle badly in a crash. He could barely stand because of the pain and had to leave the field right away. 注意：(1)续写词数不少于80词； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The coach suddenly called my name and asked me to get ready to play. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 The coach suddenly called my name and asked me to get ready to play. A wave of mixed thrill and panic swept over me, for I used to be a weak boy troubled by lack of confidence on the pitch. Flashbacks of countless exhausting training days raced through my mind. Taking a deep breath, I dashed onto the field, straining every muscle to run and defend. Seeing my nervousness, my teammates gave me encouraging glances, which fueled my determination. Though inner self‑doubt still lingered, I forced myself to fix my attention on the match and kept adjusting my pace. Soon I spotted a golden opportunity. Dribbling past several defenders, I delivered a powerful shot, and the ball buried itself in the net. Thunderous cheers erupted. It dawned on me that it was persistent efforts rather than natural talent that helped me conquer my long‑standing inner fear. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者自幼热爱足球，但因天生体弱而缺乏自信、不敢参加正式训练。一次偶然的机会，作者被选为校足球队的替补队员，此后刻苦训练、不断进步。在一场校际足球赛中，主力球员意外受伤，作者终于获得上场机会，并凭借长期努力踢进关键一球，战胜了内心恐惧，领悟到坚持努力比天赋更重要的故事。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容可知，本段可描写作者从紧张到振作、上场拼搏并最终进球的过程。 2.续写线索：被点名——紧张回忆——鼓起勇气上场——队友鼓励——专注比赛——抓住机会进球——欢呼——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①上场：dash onto the field/rush onto the pitch/step onto the field ②迫使：force/push 情绪类 ①紧张：panic/panic/anxiety ②决心：determination/resolve/willpower 【点睛】[高分句型1]. A wave of mixed thrill and panic swept over me, for I used to be a weak boy troubled by lack of confidence on the pitch.（由连词for引导原因状语从句，troubled by为过去分词短语作后置定语） [高分句型2]. Seeing my nervousness, my teammates gave me encouraging glances, which fueled my determination.（由which引导非限制性定语从句，Seeing为现在分词作时间状语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 茂名市第一中学2026—2027学年度第一学期期中考试 高二英语试卷 考试时间：120分钟 总分：130分 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A Smart Moves (智慧出行) for a Connected Community Shared mobility (共享出行) is widely recognized as a key contributor to sustainable urban development, offering a greener alternative to people’s travel. To directly address residents’ practical travel challenges like inconvenient daily commutes (通勤) and high family trip costs, our city has launched the Community Shared Mobility Program. The program provides a diverse range of vehicles, including e-bikes with adjustable seats, lightweight e-scooters (电动滑板车), and family cars that can be fitted with child seats upon request. You can access these through the official app, 24/7 hotline, or service stations, where cash payments are also accommodated for greater convenience, Program Details Accessible Vehicles Seating Time Frame Rate / hour E-bikes & e-scooters 1 Off season $6 Peak season $8 Other types of vehicles 4 Off season $25 Peak season $40 Note: The peak season is during official holidays and summer vacation (June 15 to August 31); other times are in the off-season. Book & Return ·Book at least 1 hour ahead, with a maximum usage of 8-hour per trip. ·Overtime is charged at 1.5x the hourly rate and billed by the hour. ·Return to a service station or flexible parking zone shown in the app. Who Can Join? The program is open to anyone aged 18 or above. A comprehensive instruction book is provided on the official app for all new users. Furthermore, additional support is available for seniors and the disabled to ensure that the program remains accessible to a broad group. For more information, visit www.mobility.com or the service center at 5 Central Street. 1. What is the purpose of the program? A. To enrich the citizens’ leisure life. B. To boost the sales of electric cars. C. To solve travel issues for residents. D. To advertise an energy-saving app. 2. How much does it cost to rent an e-bike for 8.5 hours in July? A. $64. B. $68. C. $70. D. $76. 3. What is offered to new users of the program? A. A deep discount. B. A detailed guide. C. A free trial period. D. A welcome bonus. B Born on her family’s farm in Ray, North Dakota, Mary Sherman Morgan had been helping her father with farm work before she could attend the small-town schoolhouse. Being a few years behind didn’t hold her back and she graduated from high school with honors. Aware of her intelligence, she ran away from Ray to attend Minot State University as a chemistry major, where her skill was evident. The outbreak of World War II led to a national shortage of chemists and scientists. In spite of the fact that she was still a student and a woman, she was offered a job as a chemical analyst due to her talents, producing explosives (爆炸物) for the wartime effort. She put her degree on hold and moved to Ohio, taking on the dangerous job of analyzing unstable chemicals to produce weapons.  After the war ended there was a fall in demand for explosives, so she made a move to the field of aeronautics, moving to California to work for NAA (North American Aviation). The only woman out of 900 engineers, she was soon promoted to a role which involved calculating the performance of rocket propellants (推进剂) and designing special fuels to work with different engines. However, never having returned to complete her degree, she was not afforded the rank or higher pay of an engineer, even though she had all the skills and knowledge of one.  Her experience with propellants meant that when NAA was tasked to find a fuel capable of lifting the redesigned Redstone missiles into space, Morgan was appointed technical lead on the project. National pride was on the line, so Morgan set about investigating fuels. After countless trials, she finally designed her own mixture, which was named Hydyne.  Hydyne tested well with the Redstone missiles and subsequently other aircraft (飞行器) , such as Jupiter-C rockets, proving to be a quick solution to getting to space without a total rocket redesign. The fuel made the first successful US satellite launch possible, even if Morgan silently slipped away from her success, retiring to focus on her family and leaving her chemistry career behind. 4. What do we know about Mary? A. She attended school while helping with farm work. B. She was offered a job as a chemistry analyst after graduation. C. She changed her working focus because her country’s demand changed. D. She launched the first US satellite before retiring from her career. 5. What was Mary doing after the war ended? A. Analyzing chemicals. B. Producing explosives. C. Mixing and saving fuels. D. Designing and building aircraft. 6. What made Mary the technical lead on the project of NAA? A. Her special knowledge in fuels. B. Her rank as an engineer. C. Her discovery of Hydyne. D. Her sense of national pride 7. Which of the following words can describe Mary Sherman Morgan? A. Caring and determined. B. Intelligent and skillful. C. Courageous but sensitive. D. Accomplished but proud. C Electric vehicles (EVs) can help cut fuel expenses and lower emissions compared to gasoline-powered cars. However, their success depends heavily on the availability of convenient charging options. For people living in apartments or dense urban neighborhoods, access to charging stations is often limited, which continues to slow wider EV adoption. To help close this gap, researchers at Penn State designed a framework to develop and assess streetlight-based charging systems as a solution. The team set up 23 upgraded streetlights in Kansas City, Missouri, to test the concept. Their findings showed that streetlight chargers were not only more cost-efficient and time-efficient than traditional charging stations, but they also produced fewer environmental impacts. Funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, the researchers partnered with organizations and companies to upgrade existing streetlights to function as EV chargers. They then established a framework — focused on demand, practicality and benefits — for other communities to use to develop streetlight EV charger s. To determine demand, the researchers looked at factors including land use, station density, points of interest nearby, and traffic volume and then used the data to train artificial intelligence models to make demand predictions based on these factors. Compared to traditional EV charging ports, the researchers found that streetlight charger s were much cheaper to set up, since the streetlights already existed. They also found that the streetlight chargers offered significantly faster charging speeds, likely because they draw power from dedicated electrical lines and face less competition from multiple vehicles charging at the same time. The streetlight charging stations also benefited the environment, since there were energy savings and greenhouse gas reductions by using locations where cars were already parking. For next steps, the researchers said they would like to build on their models by adding more detailed socioeconomic data and weather information. It will help identify communities with limited EV access or adoption potential, ensuring a fairer setup of facilities. Weather data is also critical, as extreme temperatures can affect battery performance, travel frequency and overall energy demand. 8. What is the primary focus of the Penn State research project? A. The comparison of electric and gasoline vehicles. B. The creation of a highly efficient EV charging network. C. The development of energy-saving streetlights. D. The application of AI in urban traffic management. 9. What did the researchers do to determine demand for streetlight chargers? A. They surveyed public charging habits. B. They developed a beneficial framework. C. They trained AI models for predictions. D. They upgraded the existing streetlights. 10. What is an advantage of streetlight chargers over traditional ports? A. They win greater public favor. B. They require much less maintenance. C. They charge significantly faster. D. They use more eco-friendly materials. 11. According to the text, what will the research team do next? A. Improve their models with more specific data. B. Expand the system to rural areas nationwide. C. Design new chargers for extreme weather. D. Lower the production costs for electric vehicles. D A groundbreaking study recently published in Nature Aging has shed new light on the relationship between inflammation (炎症) and aging, suggesting that inflammation commonly related to aging, known as “inflammaging”, may not be a universal phenomenon. Historically, scientists have viewed inflammaging as a primary driver of age-related diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and dementia. This condition is characterized by the immune system’s chronic (慢性的) state of overactivity, which can lead to organ damage and various health problems. However, the findings from the new study challenge the assumption that this biological process occurs similarly across different populations. The study involved analyzing blood samples from over 2,800 individuals to assess levels of inflammation-causing substances. The researchers identified the same pattern of increasing inflammatory markers in the Italian and Singaporean participants, linked to a higher rate of chronic diseases. In contrast, the native Tsimane people of the Bolivian Amazon and the Orang Asli from Malaysia showed no such pattern. Despite high inflammatory markers, the Tsimane experience significantly lower rates of chronic illnesses common in industrialized nations. These results raise critical questions about the nature of inflammaging. One potential explanation is that the phenomenon may be a byproduct of sedentary lifestyles and high-calorie diets popular in modern societies. In contrast, traditional lifestyles characterized by higher physical activity and diverse diets might lead to a different immune response where inflammation serves a protective role, rather than an unhealthy one. The implications of this study are profound. What is beneficial for individuals in urban settings may not necessarily hold true for those following traditional lifestyles. Moreover, the research highlights a significant gap in our understanding of human health, emphasizing the need for more inclusive studies that encompass diverse populations and environments. The study serves as a critical reminder that our perceptions of aging are shaped by our environments and lifestyles. What has been perceived as a universal truth in the biology of aging may, in fact, reflect local adaptations influenced by cultural practices and health behaviors. 12. What is the finding of the study published in Nature Aging? A. Evidence denies that inflammatory is universal. B. Analysis confirms that inflammatory drives age-related diseases. C. Results suggest that inflammatory benefits the elderly. D. Data indicate that inflammatory weakens with age universally. 13. What did the study reveal about the Tsimane people? A. Effective local medicines for age-related illnesses. B. Sharp decrease in inflammation with age. C. Unique genetic protection against chronic diseases. D. High inflammation yet low chronic disease rates. 14. What does the underlined word “sedentary” probably mean in paragraph 4? A. Socially isolated. B. Physically inactive. C. Nutritionally poor. D. Chronically stressful. 15. What is the main idea of the text? A. Urban lifestyles offer the defense against chronic diseases. B. Genetic factors play a role in human health outcomes. C. Universal drug treatments represent the future for elderly care. D. Specific contexts shape aging processes across populations. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分) 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项. Critical (批判的) thinking is the art of using reason to analyze ideas and dig deeper to get to our true potential. It doesn’t mean you’re thinking harder or longer. ____16____ Here are some tips and ideas to help you build a foundation for critical thinking. Question your assumptions. We make a lot of assumptions about almost everything. It’s how our brain processes certain pieces of information, and how we get along in everyday life. You could say they are the foundation of our critical framework. ____17____ Then the whole foundation needs to be rebuilt, from the bottom up. Don’t take information on authority until you've investigated it yourself. Instead of double-checking everything anyone says, we tend to label information as either coming from a trustworthy or not trustworthy source. This keeps us from double-checking every piece of information that comes our way, saving time and energy. But it also keeps us from getting to the bottom of things we think of as coming from a trustworthy source, even when they don’t. ___18___ Put yourself in other people’s shoes. Empathy can also help you develop your critical thinking skills. ____19____ You may find that a little understanding facilitates a deeper insight into other people and their behavior. The deeper your insight into yourself and others, the wiser your decisions will be. ___20___ There is no way to learn better than learning from your friends. If you only want to be a big fish swimming in the little pond just because your ego (自负) feels good, keep this part. If you are wondering about how to develop critical skills, make friends with smart people and throw away your ego. A. Actually, it’s about thinking better. B. Surround yourself with people smarter than you. C. Be someone that people know that they can count on. D. You should not judge others until you fully understand their situation. E. But what if they turned out to be wrong, or at least not entirely truthful? F. The reason is that understanding does not always go with the right action. G. So what is published in a magazine or online doesn’t mean it’s necessarily true. 第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分) 阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项. Sweat slips down my cheek as I attempt a shoulder stretch and look around. It’s just me, a couple of seabirds, and shining ____21____ to the horizon. This, I whisper to myself, is ____22____. Solo outings had never ____23____ my mind before because I always had a friend with me. But three years ago, I ____24____ to Cleveland. Meeting friends in a new city was ____25____, leaving me feeling quite lonely occasionally. In October 2020, I decided to take a solo hiking trip. I went to Cuyahoga Valley National Park to ____26____ the autumn leaves. Four miles in, I couldn’t remember the last time I’d felt so ____27____. I focused my ____28____ on each forest sound and did something I almost never made time for: I listened to my own thoughts. When spring arrived, I decided to try out another solo sport: kayaking (皮划艇). My chest, ____29____ tightened by nerves, was bursting with happiness when I finally reached the middle of the river. The ____30____ from anxiety to joy was incredible. Since that first solo hike, adventuring alone has become like ____31____ for my soul. It has also pushed me to ____32____ my comfort zone and to meet new people. Through social media, my adventure-friend circle has ____33____. But at least once per month, I schedule time to hit ____34____ with my favorite friend: me. These solo journeys are not just about exercise; they have taught me the ____35____ of my own company and made me stronger than ever before. 21. A. ground B. water C. light D. sand 22. A. challenging B. emotional C. superb D. annoying 23. A. crossed B. cleared C. opened D. changed 24. A. rushed B. moved C. returned D. drove 25. A. random B. casual C. ready D. tough 26. A. admire B. favour C. adjust D. catch 27. A. ambitious B. energetic C. alive D. powerful 28. A. ears B. eyes C. heart D. hands 29. A. hardly B. secretly C. directly D. initially 30. A. reaction B. pause C. shift D. gap 31. A. witness B. route C. poison D. medicine 32. A. take in B. go beyond C. put off D. give up 33. A. contracted B. bloomed C. ballooned D. shortened 34. A. nature B. sports C. work D. home 35. A. danger B. cost C. reason D. value 第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As the wheel of time turns, traditional practices are witnessing a comeback. Gua Sha, an ancient Chinese healing technique, has been gaining popularity in recent years as a holistic (整体的) approach ____36____ wellness and beauty, because it offers various benefits to modern wellness seekers. On a media app, a before-and-after video of Gua Sha has been viewed more than 11.8 million times. Meanwhile, influencers have started to share their Gua Sha routines on some other media apps, ____37____ (attract) growing attention from global audiences. Moreover, Western beauty stores and ____38____ (celebrity) have jumped at the fashion and started favoring Gua Sha or selling its tools. Actually, Gua Sha has been practiced in China since the Ming Dynasty and is known to have muscle pain relieved ____39____ improve blood circulation. Originally, it ____40____ (use) on the body, like arms, legs, and back; however, nowadays, it's commonly used to improve the health of ____41____ (face) skin. The practice is performed using a smooth-edged tool to gently scrape (刮) areas of the body, ____42____ can encourage a healthy flow of energy and blood. Gua Sha, a TCM practice, also ____43____ (recognize) as a cultural practice, now has ____44____ (incredible) found its way to the West due to its potential health benefits. Undoubtedly, promoting TCM practices could be ____45____ much-needed opportunity for others to learn more about Chinese culture. 第四部分 基础知识考查 （共两节，满分15分） 第一节 单词填空（共10小题；每题1分，满分10分） 根据中文提示和首字母填空，或根据括号内同根词填空。（注意：请将完整的单词（含首字母）填写在答题卷上。） 46. The teacher e_________ (评价) students by their performance last term.(根据中英文提示单词拼写) 47. Jim won his third Olympic gold medal, and s_________ (获得) his place in history.(根据中英文提示单词拼写) 48. If listeners look confused, you should make a___________(调整) to your body language at once.(根据中英文提示单词拼写) 49. It has become a serious environmental problem, p________ (造成) an unprecedented threat to the wildlife around Antarctica. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 50. There is now i___________(激烈的) competition among the top tech companies.(根据中英文提示单词拼写) 51. She used her powers of ______________ (persuade) to convince the committee to approve her proposal.(所给词的适当形式填空) 52. Most spiders weave webs that are almost ___________ (visible). (所给词的适当形式填空) 53. Her song sounded wonderful _________ (accompany) by the music. (所给词的适当形式填空) 54. The heating will switch off __________ ( automatic) when you leave the room.（用单词的适当形式完成句子） 55. The airplane encountered severe turbulence, ________ (buffet) violently through the storm clouds. (所给词的适当形式填空) 第二节 完成句子（共5小题；每空0.5分，满分5分） 根据中文提示填空，每个空仅填一个单词。 一到达这个偏远的村庄，热情微笑的当地人迎接了我们。 ____56____ ____57____ at the remote village, we were greeted by warm, smiling locals. 58. 内心深处，他渴望得到重来一次的机会。 _________ _________ he was eager to get the chance to try again. 仍不清楚市场何时会完全复苏。 ____59____ remained unclear____60____ the market would recover fully. 那只鸟险些被年轻猎人射中。 The bird narrowly escaped ____61____ ____62____ by the young hunter. 我们缺两个人，没有他们，我们还需要三天的时间来完成这项工作。 We are short of two people, ____63____ ____64____ we will need three more days to finish the work. 第五部分 写作（共两节，满分35分） 66. 第一节(满分15分) 65. 假定你是校英文报编辑部成员。报社拟开设专栏People of Achievement，请你为该专栏写一篇创刊词，内容包括： 1．创刊目的； 2．栏目介绍。 注意： （1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear readers, We are excited to announce the launch of our new column, “People of Achievement”. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The editorial department 67. 第二节(满分 20分) 66. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一个段落，使之构成一篇完整的短文，词数不少于80词。 Football has been my greatest passion since I was a little child. I have always been crazy about football matches. Whenever I watched players rushing across the green field, passing the ball skillfully and scoring wonderful goals, my heart was filled with excitement and hope. However, I was born weak, much thinner and far less athletic than my peers. For years, my poor physical condition cast a shadow over me. I became shy and lacked self-confidence. Deep in my heart, I loved football more than anything else, but I never had the courage to join formal football training. I was always troubled by worries. I feared that my weak body would drag my team down and turn me into a laughing stock among my classmates. Luckily, a precious opportunity came. A member of our school football team had to leave temporarily, and I was unexpectedly picked as his replacement. Knowing how hard this chance was to get, I cherished it deeply. From then on, I threw myself into strict daily training. No matter how tired or hot it was, I never complained or gave up. I kept practising basic skills again and again, working on my speed, passes and defence. Day after day, I grew stronger and my skills improved steadily. My coach and teammates noticed my efforts and praised me, yet I was still only a backup (替补队员). I could only sit on the bench and watch them compete, with no chance in an official match. The long-awaited inter-school football match finally arrived. The game was extremely fierce from the start. Both teams fought hard for the lead, and cheers from the stands made the atmosphere tense. As time went by, the score remained tied and the situation turned critical. Just then, an accident hit our team: our starting player twisted (扭伤) his ankle badly in a crash. He could barely stand because of the pain and had to leave the field right away. 注意：(1)续写词数不少于80词； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The coach suddenly called my name and asked me to get ready to play. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $