高考复习之长难句分析3课件 -2027届高考英语二轮复习专项

长难句分析 高考长难句 4 大最高频结构总结 名词性从句嵌套：what 主语从句 + that 表 / 宾从句 定语从句嵌套：which/who + 内部再套 that 定从（阅读 D 篇最爱） 状语从句 + 主句 + 定语从句叠加：As/While/Although 开头 非谓语作后置定语：doing/done 放在名词后，极易被误判成谓语 1. There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms. nonsense /ˈnɒnsns/n. 胡说，无稽之谈 - take up 采纳；刊载，报道（此处指媒体转载、宣扬） - broadcaster n. 广播机构 / 广播媒体 - lay press 非专业报刊；大众通俗刊物 lay：adj. 外行的，非专业的（反义词 professional） - dietary enthusiasms 饮食热潮、跟风饮食追捧 医学期刊上有大量此类无稽之谈，这些内容一经广播媒体和非专业报刊转载/报道，就会引发健康恐慌和短暂的饮食热潮。 2. But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. rest on 依靠；建立在…… 基础之上（= be based on） established conventions 既定惯例，公认的规约 但是，“新闻记者必须比普通公民更深刻地理解法律” 这一观点，是建立在对新闻媒体既定惯例与特殊职责的认知之上的。 3. He came from a poor background and, though very intelligent, lacked the polish of the more privileged people with whom he came into contact. Asking a question was his way of finding his voice, often in settings where he felt uneasy, and also a way of fitting in. In speaking up, he received acknowledgement, which led to greater confidence, which led to greater participation, and in the end, to greater knowledge. polish n.【熟词生义】文雅、修养；得体的风度；v. 擦亮 find one’s voice 习语：找回自己的话语权；敢于表达自己（地道书面表达） setting n.【熟词生义】场合，环境；（小说）背景 in speaking up 通过大胆发言；in + doing 表示 “通过做某事” 他出身贫寒，虽然天资聪颖，却缺少那些与他打交道的优越阶层人士身上的得体的风度。提出问题，便是他在那些令自己局促不安的场合里敢于表达自我的方式，同时也是融入群体的途径。通过主动发声，他获得他人的认可；认可带来更强的自信，自信促使更多的参与，最终，造就了更加渊博的学识。 4. “There’s always a risk that a non-native plant can become invasive outside its native range, meaning it could cause negative impacts by out-competing native species for necessities of survival — especially in the absence of its co-evolved organisms feeding on it that otherwise keep its population in check-- introducing pests or diseases, or providing low food and habitat value for native wildlife.” range n.【熟词生义】（物种）分布范围；v. 变化 out-compete v. 竞争胜过，比…… 更占优势 in the absence of 在缺少…… 的情况下； keep…in check 控制，抑制（地道固定短语！高考高频） 拆解：that 引导同位语从句解释 risk；meaning 现在分词作结果状语；feeding on 现在分词作后置定语；that 引导定语从句修饰 organisms。 翻译：非原生植物在其原生分布区之外演变为入侵物种始终存在一定风险；这意味着，它可能通过在争夺生存必需资源的竞争中胜过原生物种”——尤其是在缺乏与其协同演化的以它为食的生物来抑制其种群规模的情况下——以及引入害虫或疾病，或为原生野生动物提供低价值的食物和栖息地，从而产生负面影响。 5. In the new book, Human Raised: Nurturing Connection, Curiosity, & Lifelong Learning in the Age of AI, author Dana Suskind, a professor at the University of Chicago Medical Center, acknowledges that the technology makes sci-fi concepts plausible, offering promise as, for example, a productivity enhancer and time-saver for parents, a monitoring and research tool to collect valuable data on child development, and an interactive instructor helping some kids learn. plausible adj.看似合理的，现实中有可能的 offer promise as… 展现出作为…… 的前景 / 潜力（地道书面搭配） 在新书《Human Raised：人工智能时代培育情感联结、好奇心与终身学习》中，芝加哥大学医学中心教授、作者达娜・萨斯坎德承认：这项技术让科幻构想有了实现的可能；例如，它展现出诸多前景：可以成为提升父母工作效率、节省时间的工具；可以作为用于收集儿童发展相关重要数据的监测与研究的工具；还可以充当帮助部分孩子学习的互动指导者。 6. Studies have shown, for example, that babies learn language much better from a live person than from a screen because social interactions engage the brain in ways passive media do not. passive media：被动媒介 拆解：that 宾语从句；because 原因状语从句；ways 后省略关系词的定语从句：(that) passive media do not。 翻译：例如研究表明，婴儿从真人身上学习语言远好于屏幕，因为社交互动能够以被动媒介做不到的方式调动大脑。 7. The benefits that casual reading brings go far beyond academic achievement and can greatly enrich people’s spiritual world in their long-term life. go far beyond :远远超过 翻译：休闲阅读带来的益处远超过学业成绩，还能在长期生活中极大丰富人们的精神世界。 8. What surprised the researchers most was that people tended to remember positive experiences longer than negative ones when they were in a safe environment.（2025 新高考 II 卷） 最让研究人员感到意外的是，当人们处于安全的环境中时，对积极经历的记忆时长往往超过消极经历。 9. The research suggests that regular contact with nature can reduce stress and improve focus, an effect that scientists have observed in both children and adults.（2025 新高考 I 卷） 该研究表明，经常接触大自然能够减轻压力、提升专注力，科学家在儿童和成年人身上都观察到了这一效应。 10. By sensing the chemicals sent out by their neighbors, plants can activate their own defense systems before any actual damage occurs. 翻译：通过感知邻近植物释放的化学物质，植物能够在实际损害发生之前激活自身的防御系统。 11. As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions.（2025 新高考 I 卷） race：v. 争先恐后地做某事、竞相 decarbonize v.脱碳，除碳 accounts for 占比例 as 引导时间 / 原因状语从句：as the world races to decarbonize everything； which 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词 transportation. 翻译：在全世界争相实现各领域脱碳之际，交通运输面临特殊难题--该领域的温室气体排放量约占能源相关排放总量的四分之一。 12. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car.(2023 新高考 I 卷) Although 引导让步状语从句；that 引导表语从句 翻译：尽管这些活动十分广泛，但现实情况是，大多数西方城市都围绕汽车的需求进行了彻底重新规划。 13. InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land.(2023 新高考 I 卷) solar farms: 太阳能电站 which 非限制性定语从句修饰 “low-impact” solar development；that 限制性定语从句修饰 way（先行词 way，关系词 that/in which / 省略） 翻译：InSPIRE 项目正在研究“低影响太阳能开发”的可行方案，该方案致力于以一种对土地更友好的方式建设与运营太阳能电站。 14. What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines.2023 新高考 I 卷 be central to : 是……的核心 拆解：and 并列两个分句；第一个 what 主语从句；第二个 what 宾语从句（介词 to 后面） 翻译：哈蒙德所指的正是 “意义” 这一问题，而意义正是区分智力最低的人类与最高智能机器的核心。 15. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.(2023 浙江 1 月卷) reproducible: a.可复制的 minimal maintenance：低维护的 拆解： when 引导时间状语从句；that 定语从句修饰 way； 翻译：二战后，德国城市规划者想要用一种可复制、低维护的方式大面积修建公园绿地，这个理念由此诞生。 16. In my defence, I did what we’ve all done before, which is to repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances(细微差别）. received a.被一直认可的；广为接受的 分析：what 引导宾语从句，做did的宾语；which引导非限定从，指代前面what we’ve all done before,并在从句中作主语。 翻译：恕我辩解，我只是做了我们以前都做过的事，即复述那些普遍接受的智慧，而不深究其细微差别。 $