Unit 4 Humor 进行时（核心语法精练）英语北师大版选择性必修第二册

Unit 4 Humor 核心语法精练（进行时） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单句语法填空 3 二、完成句子 8 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 11 题型一 语法填空（模考真题） 11 题型二 阅读理解（模考真题） 16 进行时态 一、现在进行时 1．表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。Now watch carefully and see what is happening.现在仔细观察，看正在发生什么事。 2．表示现阶段一直进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行。 I am helping my dad on the farm this summer vacation.这个暑假我在农场给爸爸帮忙。 3．有时表示即将发生的动作(只限于go，come，stay，leave，start，begin，arrive，return，fly，drive，do，have等)，这时常有一个表示将来的时间状语。 Are you staying in Guangzhou for a week?你将在广州待一周吗？ 4．在时间、条件等状语从句中，代替将来进行时。 If I am sleeping when he comes，wake me up，please.他来时，如果我在睡觉，请叫醒我。 5．与副词always，usually，forever，constantly等连用，表达说话者的一种感情色彩。 She is always thinking of others instead of herself.她总是想着别人而不是她自己。 二、过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。其构成形式为：was/were＋v.­ing形式。 1．表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间通常要用时间状语，或通过上下文来表示。 They were taking physical exercise at seven this morning.今天早晨7点钟的时候他们正在锻炼身体。 She was telephoning a friend when I came in.当我进来时，她正在给一个朋友打电话。 2．表示过去某一段时间一直在进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行。 They were digging a railway tunnel last week.他们上星期在挖一条铁路隧道。 I know he was writing a book last year but I'm not sure whether he has finished it. 我知道他去年在写一本书，但是我不知道他写完了没有。 3．表示从过去某一时间的角度看将要发生的动作，用于某些动词，如：go，come，stay，leave，start，begin，arrive，return，fly，do，have等。 They were leaving a few days later.他们几天后就要离开了。 4．提供故事发生的时间、背景。 One day，Jones was walking along the street.一天，琼斯正沿街走着。 It was snowing as they made their way to the front.当他们向前线挺进的时候，天正下着雪。 三、现在完成进行时 1．意义 现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能还要继续进行下去。 2．构成 肯定形式：have/has＋been doing(第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have) I have been waiting for you.我一直在等你。否定形式：have/has＋not＋been doing He hasn't been using the car for the last two months.过去两个月他一直没用车。 3．用法 (1)表示动作从过去某时开始一直持续到说话时还在进行，或可能还要继续下去。通常和“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点(或从句)”的时间状语连用。 It has been snowing for three hours. 雪已经下了三个小时了。(从过去某一时间开始下雪，强调到现在还在下) (2)表示不久前刚刚结束的动作。这种意义通常根据上下文来判断。 Her eyes are red.It's obvious that she has been crying for a long time. 她的眼睛红红的。显然哭了很长时间。 (3)强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩。 She has always been working hard.她工作一直很努力。 (4)表示这段时间反复发生的事情。 I have been visiting some cities of China this month.这个月我一直在访问中国的一些城市。 四、过去完成进行时 1．表示发生在过去某个时间之前的某个动作，且该动作持续了一段时间。 *The actor had been waiting for his visa for days before he got it.　这个演员在拿到他的签证之前，已经等了好多天了。 2．表示过去某一时间之前经常发生的动作。 *I had often been thinking of you before you came to Shanghai. 在你来上海之前，我常常想起你。 3．表示直到过去某个时间点还在进行的动作。 *When he arrived at the station, he found the train had been waiting for passengers. 当他到达车站时，他发现火车早已在等候乘客了。 4．表示一定的感情色彩，如喜欢或厌恶等。 *Nobody knew what this fellow had been doing all these days. 没人知道这个家伙这些天一直在干什么。 五、将来进行时 1．表示在将来某时刻或某段时间内，某一动作正在进行。 *I'll be doing my homework at 9 o'clock tonight. 今晚9点钟我将会在做作业。 2．表示某一动作或状态在将来时间的延续。 *I've stayed in this hotel for 2 days and I will be staying here for another 2 days. 我已经在该宾馆住了两天，我还要在这里再住两天。 3．表示纯粹的将来，或表示礼貌地询问或请求。 *You needn't cook supper, Mum. I shall be cooking dinner tonight. 妈妈，你不用做晚饭了。今晚的饭我来做。 *What will you be doing tomorrow? 明天你干什么？ [温馨提示] 　　将来进行时与一般将来时的区别：将来进行时表示“纯粹”的将来；而一般将来时中的助动词will与shall有一种意图、意愿或者请求等情感色彩。现在英语中还常用将来进行时表示礼貌地询问或请求等。 一、单句语法填空 1．You may feel anxious that you (develop) at a different rate to your friends, shooting up in height or getting left far behind. 【答案】are developing 【详解】句意：你可能会感到焦虑，因为你的发育速度与朋友不同，身高飙升或被远远甩在后面。 空处为从句的谓语，结合语境可知此处表示现阶段正在发生、持续的成长变化应用现在进行时，主语是you，be用are。 2．We (have) a few guests tonight. 【答案】are having 【详解】句意：我们今晚有几位客人。提示词have(有)作谓语，结合句意和时间状语“tonight”，表示按计划即将发生的动作，用现在进行时表将来，主语We为复数代词，谓语用复数形式are having。 3．Listen, she (sing) an English song in the next room. 【答案】is singing 【详解】句意：听，她正在隔壁房间唱一首英文歌。Listen是现在进行时的标志性提示词，表示此时此刻正在发生的动作，主语为she，be动词用is，空处需填is singing。 4．Right now, the guide (introduce) the history of ancient trade goods to a group of visitors inside the city museum. 【答案】is introducing 【详解】句意：此刻，导游正在城市博物馆里向一群游客介绍古代贸易品的历史。分析句子结构，空格处为句子的谓语动词；根据“Right now”（此刻）可知，此处表示说话时正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时；主语the guide为第三人称单数，be动词用is，introduce的现在分词为introducing。 5．Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, (visit) the museum at that time. 【答案】was visiting 【详解】句意：史密斯博士连同他的妻子和女儿们当时正在参观博物馆。together with连接并列主语时谓语动词遵循就远原则，真正主语是Dr. Smith，为单数；at that time意为“在那时”，是过去进行时的标志，其结构为was/were doing，visit的现在分词是visiting。 6．They (practise) listening when the bell rang. 【答案】were practising 【详解】句意：他们正在练习听力，突然铃声响起来了。be doing...when...是固定句型，意为“正在做某事，突然……”，由rang可知，空格处是过去进行时，主语They是复数，应用were practising。 7．I (watch) a video about adolescent health when you called me. 【答案】was watching 【详解】句意：你打电话给我的时候，我正在看一个关于青少年健康的视频。此空考查谓语动词，I与watch为主动关系，when引导时间状语从句，从句为一般过去时，主句表示过去某个时间点正在发生的动作，用过去进行时，主语是I，所以应填was watching。 8．When the head teacher entered the office, the whole group (discuss) the detailed plan of the social practice activity carefully. 【答案】were discussing 【详解】句意：当班主任走进办公室时，整个小组正在认真讨论社会实践活动的详细计划。分析句子结构，空格处为句子的谓语动词；根据“When the head teacher entered”可知，此处表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时；主语the whole group指小组全体成员，为复数，be动词用were，discuss的现在分词为discussing。 9．I (pick) up my friend at the airport when the heavy rain suddenly started to pour down. 【答案】was picking 【详解】句意：我正在机场接我的朋友，这时大雨突然倾盆而下。此处为固定句型was/were doing...when...“过去正在做某事，这时突然……”，主语是I，be用was。 10．My deskmate told me she (attend) a lecture the next afternoon, so she couldn’t join our activity. 【答案】was attending 【详解】句意：我的同桌告诉我她第二天下午要参加一场讲座，所以她没法加入我们的活动。句子主干My deskmate told me...”一般过去时，主句为过去时态，其后的宾语从句需要和主句时态保持呼应，使用对应的过去相关时态。根据the next afternoon可知，宾语从句中表示将来，且该动作是已经计划安排好的，应用过去进行时表示过去计划或安排好要在将来发生的动作。主语she为第三人称单数，系动词应用was。动词attend意为“参加”。 11．At this time yesterday, the team   (collect) stories from local teens for the magazine. 【答案】was collecting 【详解】句意：就在昨天这个时候，这个团队正在当地青少年中收集故事以供该杂志使用。空格处是谓语动词，根据时间状语At this time yesterday可知，此处表示“在过去某一时间正在进行的动作”，应该用过去进行时，主语是the team，be动词用was，所以填was collecting。 12．Professor Li (make) a speech on TV at 8:00 next Friday. 【答案】will be making 【详解】句意：李教授将于下周五8点在电视上发表演讲。根据时间状语“at 8:00 next Friday”可知，该动作发生在将来的某一具体时刻，需用将来进行时，即will be making。 13．She cannot join your trip next weekend, for she (attend) an international academic meeting during that whole period. 【答案】will be attending 【详解】句意：下周末她不能参加你们的旅行，因为在那整段时间里她将正在出席一场国际学术会议。时间状语next weekend以及during that whole period表示将来某一段时间内持续发生的动作，要用将来进行时。 14．Explorers who work on scientific research (stand) at the North Pole this time tomorrow. 【答案】will be standing 【详解】句意：从事科研工作的探险者们，明天这个时候将正站在北极点上。句中标志性时间状语this time tomorrow表示“明天这个时候”，强调将来某一具体时刻动作正在持续进行，需使用将来进行时，结构为will be + 现在分词，因此将所给动词stand变为will be standing。 15．Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she (teach) a class at that time. 【答案】will be teaching 【详解】句意：简今天下午三点的会议无法参加，因为她那时要上一节课。由at 3 o’clock this afternoon可知，句子时态用将来进行时will be teaching，表示在将来的一个时刻正在做的事情。 16．Don’t phone me at 7 tomorrow evening. I (watch) a live show. 【答案】will be watching 【详解】句意：明晚7点不要给我打电话。那时我将正在看一场现场演出。时间状语“at 7 tomorrow evening”是将来某个具体时刻，此空用将来进行时will be watching。 17．This time next year, most of us (study) different majors at universities. 【答案】will be studying 【详解】句意：明年这个时候，我们大多数人将会正在大学里学习不同的专业。“This time next year”是将来进行时的标志，此空填will be studying。 18．At this time next week, we (travel) in Europe and enjoying the beautiful scenery. 【答案】will be travelling 【详解】句意：下周的这个时候，我们将正在欧洲旅行，欣赏美丽的风景。 分析句子结构可知，此空考查谓语动词，时间状语At this time next week表示将来某个特定时刻，强调那时动作正在进行，要用将来进行时，为will be travelling。 19．He (complain) in the supermarket about the poor service at this time tomorrow. 【答案】will be complaining 【详解】句意：明天这个时候，他将会正在超市里投诉糟糕的服务。根据at this time tomorrow可知，句子描述的是将来某个特定时刻正在发生的动作，应用将来进行时，基本结构为will be doing。 20．He (write) an article on pollution since this morning. We all think he needs to have a rest. 【答案】has been writing 【详解】句意：从今天早上开始，他就一直在写一篇关于污染的文章，我们都觉得他该休息一下了。句中标志性时间状语since this morning表示动作从过去某一时间点开始一直持续到现在，且动作仍在进行中，需使用现在完成进行时，主语He是第三人称单数，结构为has been + 现在分词，因此将所给动词write变为has been writing。 21．I (prepare) for the upcoming high school life for the past month, so I feel a bit excited now. 【答案】have been preparing 【详解】句意：我在过去的一个月里一直在为即将到来的高中生活做准备，所以我现在觉得有点兴奋。根据时间状语for the past month可知，此处表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作，且这个动作还可能继续下去，用现在完成进行时。 22．Careful people may notice that this city’s unemployment rate (rise) in recent years. 【答案】has been rising 【详解】句意：细心的人可能会注意到，这个城市的失业率近年来一直在上升。空处作从句的谓语，句子中的时间状语“in recent years”提示动作从过去持续到现在，并很可能继续下去，所以用现在完成进行时，主语unemployment rate是单数，需用助动词has。 23．We have been (work) on this project for over a month now. 【答案】working 【详解】句意：到现在为止，我们一直在做这个项目，已经一个多月了。根据for over a month now可知，应用现在完成进行时，表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在，并且动作仍在进行、可能还会继续下去的动作。此处空格前已有have been，需要将所给动词work变为其现在分词形式working。 24．By eight o’clock last night, we (observe) the birds for three hours. 【答案】had observed/had been observing 【详解】句意：到昨晚八点，我们已经观察这些鸟三个小时了。by＋过去时间点作状语，句子应用过去完成时或过去完成进行时。 25．When Darwin returned home in 1836, he (travel) for five years. 【答案】had travelled 【详解】句意：1836年达尔文返回家乡时，他已经旅行了五年。“旅行”发生在“返回”之前，应用过去完成时表示在过去的过去完成的动作。 26．By the time the firemen arrived, the factory (burn) for half an hour. 【答案】had been burning 【详解】考查时态。句意：等到消防员赶到时，工厂已经燃烧了半个小时了。by the time引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句动作burn在消防员到达前就已持续进行，且持续了半小时，侧重动作过程，用过去完成进行时。故填had been burning。 27．She was forty. She (write) the novel since she was thirty. 【答案】had been writing 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：她已经四十岁，自三十岁起她就一直在写这部小说。分析句子并结合句意可知，此处表示从过去某个时间开始一直在进行的动作, 再结合“She was forty.”可知，此处应用过去完成进行时。故填had been writing。 28．They (do) their lessons for an hour, but they have finished only half. 【答案】have been doing 【详解】句意：他们一直在做功课，已经做了一个小时，但只完成了一半。for an hour表示一段时间，but they have finished only half表明动作从过去开始一直持续到现在且仍在进行，符合现在完成进行时的用法，其结构为“have/has been + 现在分词”，主语They是复数，所以用have been doing。 29．Amsterdam is a good city for cycling and people here (enjoy) the benefits of cycling for years. 【答案】have been enjoying 【详解】考查时态。句意：阿姆斯特丹是一个非常适合骑行的城市，这里的居民多年来一直享受着骑行带来的种种好处。根据时间状语“for years”可知，这里强调从过去开始一直持续到现在并且可能还会持续下去的动作，所以用现在完成进行时；主语people是复数，所以助动词用have。故填have been enjoying。 30．He (write) a novel when he heard a knock on the door. 【答案】was writing 【详解】句意：他正在写一部小说，这时他听到敲门声。设空处应填谓语，由when引导的时间状语从句可知，从句动作（heard a knock）发生时主句动作正在进行，应用过去进行时（was/were doing），主语He为第三人称单数，be动词用was。 二、完成句子 31．我正在浏览公告牌上的照片，身后忽然传来一个声音。 I _________________ the photos on the noticeboard ________ I heard a voice behind me. 【答案】 was looking at when 【详解】根据句意，此处考查be doing…when…句型，表示“正在做某事这时突然……”，主语是I，结合谓语动词heard可知，此处使用过去进行时，表示“看”为动词look at，所以第一空为was looking at，第二空为连词when。 32．我知道自己写得很好，也期待着老师积极的评价。 I knew I __________ a good job and ________________________ getting a positive comment. 【答案】 had done was looking forward to 【详解】第一空表示“写得好”用动词do，主句为一般过去时，“写得好”发生在“知道”之前，即过去的过去，用过去完成时；第二空表示“期待”短语为look forward to，表示过去某段时间持续发生的动作，用过去进行时。 33．我正在看书，突然停电了。 I ________________ when the power suddenly went out. 【答案】was reading books 【详解】表示“看书”短语为read books，此处为sb. be doing sth. when...，根据后文went可知主句用过去进行时，主语为I，谓语用单数。 34．他目前正在申请这个大学图书馆的兼职工作，所以他很忙。 He ________ ________ ________ this part-time job at the university library, so he is very busy. 【答案】 is applying for 【详解】根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“申请”应用apply for，根据“so he is very busy”可知，此处时态应用现在进行时强调目前状态，主语He，所以应填is applying for。 35．看！学生们正在打扫他们的教室，迎接检查。 Look! The students ________ ________ ________ their classrooms to prepare for inspections. 【答案】 are cleaning up 【详解】表示“打扫”应用动词短语clean up，结合“Look”可知，表示正在进行的动作，使用现在进行时，主语students为复数名词，be动词用are。 36．明天上午九点，我们将在会议室讨论这个计划。 At nine tomorrow morning, we ________ ________ ________ the plan in the meeting room. 【答案】 will/shall be discussing 【详解】根据“At nine tomorrow morning”可知，表示“将讨论”应用将来进行时，主语是we，谓语可用will/shall be discussing，表示将来某个特定时间点正在发生的动作。 37．In addition, your smart home _____________________ your health for you every day. 另外，你的智能家居每天都会监测你的健康状况。 【答案】will be monitoring 【详解】表示“监测”应用动词monitor，此处可表示将来一段时间内进行的动作使用将来进行时will be monitoring。 38．自上周以来，我们一直期待联系这位专家征求建议。 We have been ________ ________ ________ ________ the expert to ask for advice since last week. 【答案】 looking forward to contacting 【详解】“期待”使用动词短语look forward to，look用现在分词形式，与空前的have been构成现在完成进行时，介词to后接动词contact“联系”的动名词形式contacting，作宾语。 39．我所知道的是，当我离开时，我父亲一直躺在床上接受治疗。 I knew that ________________ for his illness when I left. 【答案】my father had been lying in bed and receiving medical treatment 【详解】考查时态和短语。从句主语“我父亲”为my father；表示“躺在床上”短语为lie in bed；表示“接受治疗”为receive medical treatment，and连接并列谓语。表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，用过去完成进行时。故填my father had been lying in bed and receiving medical treatment。 40．She ____________________________ before entering the college. 她上大学以前一直在学习英语。 【答案】had been studying English 【详解】考查时态。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“一直在学习英语”，“学习英语”是study English，由“before entering the college”可知，句子用过去完成进行时表示某个过去正在进行的动作或状态，持续到过去某个时刻，因此空格处是had been studying English。故填had been studying English。 题型一 语法填空 （26-27高二上·江西鹰潭·阶段检测）语法填空 The ink sticks (墨锭) produced in Shexian county, 1 (know) as Huizhou in Song Dynasty (960-1279), have a rich history of over 1,000 years. The entire ink-making process starts with collecting ash, the quality of 2 directly affects the quality of the ink. Then, making glue becomes 3 focus of the whole craft. The glue acts as a binding material. In ancient times, ink makers initially mixed ink with lacquer to form ink balls 4 the objective of making them portable and durable. Later, people discovered that animal gelatin glue (明胶) — made from repeatedly boiling pig or cow skins and bones — 5 (be) a better binder. Today, gelatin glue has been mass manufactured by specialized plants by boiling animal bones down to small hard balls, which need 6 (cook) by ink makers. It has been an 7 (incredible) demanding job to grasp the cooking process, especially controlling the fire. 8 is for this reason that only devoted craftsmen can fully master it. This time next year, a group of young inheritors 9 (host) a series of live-streaming courses, through which they will share the secret skills of ink-making with global art lovers. Drawing constant inspiration from ancient 10 (recipe), they keep improving the traditional technique. 【答案】 1．known 2．which 3．the 4．with 5．was 6．cooking/to be cooked 7．incredibly 8．It 9．will be hosting 10．recipes 【导语】文章主要介绍了安徽歙县（宋代称徽州）的墨锭制作工艺的千年发展历史、核心制作流程，以及年轻非遗传承人后续将通过直播向全球分享制墨技艺的相关内容。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：产自歙县——也就是宋代（960—1279年）被称为徽州的地方——的墨锭拥有超过1000年的悠久历史。设空处修饰名词Shexian county，与know是被动关系，需用过去分词作后置定语表被动。 2．考查定语从句。句意：整个制墨流程从收集烟灰开始，烟灰的质量直接影响墨的品质。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是ash（不可数名词，表事物），关系代词在从句中作介词of的宾语，指代先行词。 3．考查冠词。句意：之后，熬胶成为整个工艺的核心环节。此处特指整个制墨工艺的焦点，是特指的特定对象，需用定冠词the限定名词focus。 4．考查介词。句意：在古代，制墨工匠最初把墨和漆混合制成墨团，目的是让墨团便于携带且经久耐用。此处为固定搭配with the objective of，意为“为了……的目的”。 5．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：后来人们发现，反复熬煮猪皮或牛皮、猪骨或牛骨制成的动物明胶是更好的粘合剂。主句动词discovered为一般过去时，宾语从句描述过去的客观情况，主语animal gelatin glue是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数过去式。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，专业工厂已经大规模生产明胶，把动物骨头熬制成坚硬的小胶球，这些胶球还需要制墨工匠进一步熬制。此处为固定搭配need doing=need to be done，意为“某物需要被……”，动名词主动形式表被动含义，或用不定式的被动式表被动。 7．考查副词。句意：掌握熬胶的过程，尤其是控制火候，是一项要求极高的工作。设空处修饰形容词demanding需用副词incredibly。 8．考查强调句。句意：正是因为这个原因，只有专注投入的工匠才能完全掌握这项技艺。此处为强调句型It is/was...that...，句首缺形式主语It构成强调结构。 9．考查动词时态。句意：明年的这个时候，一群年轻的传承人将正在开展一系列直播课程，通过这些课程他们会向全球艺术爱好者分享制墨的独门技艺。时间状语This time next year明确指向将来某个时间点正在进行的动作，需用将来进行时will be doing结构。 10．考查名词的数。句意：他们不断从古老的配方中汲取灵感，持续改进这项传统技艺。recipe是可数名词，此处表示不止一个古代配方，需用复数形式表泛指多个配方，作宾语。 （26-27高二上·辽宁本溪·阶段检测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 2026 marks the 55th anniversary of their establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Turkiye. They 1 (influence) each other’s cultures over time, building a substantial heritage legacy and great potential for future cultural 2 (cooperate). Representatives from both parties held in-depth cultural heritage exchanges at the Nanjing-Istanbul Urban Civilization Dialogue in Istanbul. 3 dialogue not only carries forward the spirit of the ancient Silk Road, but acts 4 a tangible example of putting the Global Civilization Initiative into action. “This tradition of cultural exchange continues to this day and remains as relevant as ever, providing a platform for cities 5 (deepen) mutual learning and address common challenges,” said Frederique Aubert, head of the culture unit. “Nanjing and Istanbul are 6 (shine) examples of how cultural heritage can be integrated into broader social, economic, and environmental development.” What’s more, experts in architecture, archaeology, museum and cultural heritage professions from both countries shared their 7 (innovation) approaches to heritage protection from interdisciplinary (跨学科的) viewpoints. Renowned Turkish poet and photographer Yasin Mortas noted that AI can reproduce human civilization in a digitalized way, but it cannot understand human emotions, pain, or the soul, elements from 8 poetry originates. Chinese poet and Lu Xun Literature Prize winner Han Dong said he believes that the combination of AI and art is likely to give rise to a 9 (complete) new form of artistic expression. Nevertheless, he maintains that 10 he calls “ancient souls”, human beings, will remain the source of original creativity. 【答案】 1．have influenced 2．cooperation 3．The 4．as 5．to deepen 6．shining 7．innovative 8．which 9．completely 10．what 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍2026年是中土建交55周年，两国开展南京—伊斯坦布尔城市文明对话，围绕文化遗产保护开展交流，两国专家还探讨了人工智能与艺术、文明传承之间的关系。 1．考查时态。句意：长久以来，两国一直相互影响着彼此的文化，积淀了丰厚的历史遗产，也为未来的文化合作创造了巨大潜力。时间状语over time常与现在完成时连用，主语They，助动词用have，influence的过去分词为influenced。 2．考查名词。句意同上。形容词cultural后面修饰名词，cooperate是动词，名词形式为cooperation，是不可数名词。 3．考查冠词。句意：这场对话不仅弘扬古丝绸之路精神，也是践行全球文明倡议的具体实例。此处dialogue特指上文提到的Nanjing-Istanbul Urban Civilization Dialogue，特指要用定冠词The，句首首字母大写。 4．考查介词。句意同上。固定搭配act as，表示“充当；作为”。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：“文化交流的这一传统延续至今，其重要性一如既往，为各城市搭建平台，以深化互学互鉴、应对共同挑战。” 文化部门负责人Frederique Aubert如是说。固定结构a platform for sb. to do sth.用不定式to deepen作后置定语，修饰platform。 6．考查形容词。句意：南京和伊斯坦布尔是文化遗产融入更广泛的社会、经济与环境发展的光辉典范。此处修饰名词examples，需要形容词。shine是动词，shining为形容词，意为“耀眼的、光辉的”。 7．考查形容词。句意：此外，两国建筑、考古、博物馆以及文化遗产领域的专家从跨学科视角分享了遗产保护的创新方法。修饰名词approaches要用形容词，innovation是名词，形容词形式innovative，意为“创新的”。 8．考查定语从句。句意：著名土耳其诗人、摄影师Yasin Mortas指出，人工智能可以数字化再现人类文明，却无法理解人类的情感、痛苦或是灵魂，而诗歌正源自这些要素。空处引导定语从句，先行词elements，介词from提前，介词后指物的关系代词只能用which。 9．考查副词。句意：中国诗人、鲁迅文学奖得主韩东表示，他相信人工智能与艺术的结合很可能催生一种全新的艺术表现形式。修饰形容词new，要用副词。complete是形容词，副词形式completely，意为“完全地”。 10．考查宾语从句。句意：尽管如此，他坚持认为，他口中所谓的“古老灵魂”——人类，永远是原创创造力的源泉。空格引导宾语从句，在从句中作calls的宾语，表示“……的事物”，用连接代词what。 题型二 阅读理解 （26-27高二上·河南南阳·阶段检测）If asked to name a British comedian, most people worldwide can. From Charlie Chaplin to Rowan Atkinson, British comedy has never faded. Its global appeal lies in its deep roots in British culture. Humour is central to British identity. Though Britons are often seen as reserved and formal, they use humour to express frustrations and connect with others. Jokes appear everywhere — on buses, in clinics, and in business presentations — to ease tension and build relationships. But what makes British humour unique? First, it often reflects the class system, making fun of social aspirations or poverty. This may puzzle outsiders unfamiliar with British society. Second, wordplay thrives on double meanings — jokes are dependent on double meanings of the words. Such puns are beloved. For example, “flexible” can mean physically limber or having free time; “patient” can mean a sick person or someone willing to wait. Similarly, idioms like “sleep like a log” are twisted literally — waking up in a fireplace — which amuses English speakers. Third, British comedians boldly tackle taboo subjects like politics and use self-deprecation — making jokes about their own flaws or bosses. Finally, physical comedy, as seen in Mr. Bean, finds humour in ordinary accidents, evoking a mix of horror and delight. Of course, humour is subjective. One person’s giggle is another’s roar. Yet the variety — satire, puns, self-mockery — ensures something for everyone. However, the polite British delivery can make it hard to tell if they’re joking at all! 1．According to the article, what does the joke — I said to the gym instructor, “Can you teach me to do the splits?” He said, “How flexible are you?” I said, “I can’t make Tuesdays” — rely on?” A．The double meaning of “flexible.” B．The instructor’s strict schedule. C．The difficulty of doing splits. D．The British class system. 2．Why might non-British audiences find jokes about the British class system less funny? A．They don’t know British actors. B．They prefer physical comedy. C．They lack context about the class system. D．They think such jokes are too polite. 3．The author says “sometimes it’s difficult to even tell if it is a joke or not” about British comedy. What can be inferred about British comedic style? A．It is always loud and obvious. B．It often uses deadpan delivery. C．It avoids wordplay. D．It only works in writing. 4．What is the main purpose of this article? A．To compare British and American comedy. B．To criticize British humour. C．To teach readers how to tell British jokes. D．To explain British comedy’s appeal and distinctiveness. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文介绍了英式喜剧，阐述其受欢迎的原因，重点讲解了英式幽默的几大特点。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Second, wordplay thrives on double meanings — jokes are dependent on double meanings of the words. Such puns are beloved. For example, ‘flexible’ can mean physically limber or having free time (文字游戏依托一词双义而生——笑话依靠单词的双重含义，这类双关语深受喜爱。例如，flexible一词既可以指身体柔韧灵活，也可以指时间充裕、有空)”可知，题目笑话里，教练问“How flexible are you?”本意问身体柔韧性，回答者理解成“时间有空”，由此可知，这个笑话依靠flexible的双重含义。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“First, it often reflects the class system, making fun of social aspirations or poverty. This may puzzle outsiders unfamiliar with British society. (首先，它常常反映社会阶级体系，调侃人们的社会追求或是贫困现状。这会让不熟悉英国社会的外来者感到困惑不解。)”可知，他们缺少英国阶级体系的背景知识。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, the polite British delivery can make it hard to tell if they’re joking at all! (但是英国人这种含蓄平静的表达方式，让人很难判断他们到底是不是在开玩笑！)”可知，此处暗示英国喜剧常以礼貌、含蓄、面无表情的方式呈现，不易察觉，即“deadpan delivery (冷面表达风格)”。 4．主旨大意题。第一段开篇点明英式喜剧享誉全球，其吸引力植根于英国文化；第二段说明幽默是英国人身份的核心，用于舒缓情绪、建立人际关系；第三、四段介绍英式幽默独有的几类特点，包括阶级相关讽刺、双关文字游戏、调侃禁忌话题与自嘲、肢体喜剧；尾段补充英式幽默主观性强，表达含蓄，让人难以分辨玩笑。由此可知，全文旨在阐释英式喜剧的吸引力与独特之处。 （25-26高二下·天津和平·期末）Friday nights have a special energy that seems to be felt by almost everyone. But what is it about Friday nights that makes people feel so happy? A key psychological driver behind this phenomenon is the power of anticipation. When people are looking forward to something their mood tends to improve. Another reason people are happier on Friday nights is the sense of breaking the routine. Friday nights offer a chance to break away from that routine and socialize with friends, which can be a source of happiness. The “weekend effect” brings a surge of happiness on Friday as work stress lifts and the freedom of the weekend begins. But for many of us, by the time Sunday afternoon rolls around, a feeling of intense anxiety and dread sets in — often referred to as the “Sunday scaries”. A new study led by the University of Exeter has found that many employees experience the “Sunday scaries”. This phenomenon often takes the form of mental preoccupation with the week ahead, as well as feelings of nervousness and difficulty in sleeping. “It’s as if your mind starts to turn from what is generally either relaxation or enjoyment at the weekend, into worries about everything you’ve got to do in the working week ahead.” No matter how fun or relaxing Friday evening and Saturday were, the so-called “Sunday Scaries” tend to creep up while we’re enjoying the last hours of the weekend. A new survey shows that 75% of workers experience pre-week anxiety and may report even having trouble falling asleep on Sundays compared to other nights. Today, with hybrid work becoming the norm, the isolation of working from home, the blurring of boundaries between work and life, and the invisible burden of being on call around the clock have trapped modern professionals in a cycle of exhaustion. Also, the “Sunday Scaries” intensify when we feel we should have enjoyed the weekend more, making the return to work seem unjustified. This anticipation easily blossoms into the “Monday Blues,” particularly if we’ve learned to associate work with stress. A tool that helps us focus less on the past or future and more on the present is meditation. It teaches us to cultivate mindful awareness, observe thoughts without immediately reacting, and navigate pre-weekend anxiety with composure (镇定), all of which helps us prepare for the challenges of the upcoming week. 1．Why do people feel happy on Friday nights? A．Because they totally forget work stress on Friday nights. B．Because they expect the weekend and escape daily life. C．Because socializing improves work efficiency. D．Because they are free from future worries. 2．What does “Sunday scaries” mean according to the passage? A．A strong feeling of fear and worry before the workweek. B．A kind of mental illness that makes people sleepy. C．The worries brought by the coming weekend. D．The excitement of enjoying the last hours of the weekend. 3．Which of the following is NOT a cause of the “Sunday scaries”? A．The unclear line between work and personal life. B．The stress from being available around the clock. C．The comfort brought by flexible work patterns. D．The regret of not making the most of the weekend. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce the advantages of hybrid work. B．To explain weekend mood shifts and provide a solution. C．To show how to enjoy the weekend to the fullest. D．To persuade people to work hard on Mondays. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】文章主要探讨了周五晚上人们感到快乐的原因(期待周末和打破常规)，以及周日下午出现的“周日焦虑”现象及其成因(工作压力、社交隔离等)，并建议通过冥想等方式应对。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A key psychological driver behind this phenomenon is the power of anticipation. When people are looking forward to something their mood tends to improve. Another reason people are happier on Friday nights is the sense of breaking the routine. Friday nights offer a chance to break away from that routine and socialize with friends, which can be a source of happiness. (这一现象背后的一个关键心理因素是期待的力量。当人们期待某件事时，他们的情绪往往会变得更好。人们在周五晚上更快乐的另一个原因，是打破了日常生活的单调。周五晚上提供了摆脱日常事务的机会，可以与朋友相聚社交，这本身就是一种幸福的来源。)”可知，人们在周五晚上感到快乐是因为他们期待周末的到来，并且能够逃离日常的生活规律。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“a feeling of intense anxiety and dread sets in — often referred to as the ‘Sunday scaries’(一种强烈的焦虑和恐惧感随之而来——通常被称为‘周日晚恐惧症’)”以及第三段中的“This phenomenon often takes the form of mental preoccupation with the week ahead, as well as feelings of nervousness and difficulty in sleeping. (这种现象通常表现为对接下来一周的过度担忧，以及紧张感和睡眠困难。)”可知，“Sunday scaries”指的是在新一周工作开始前产生的强烈恐惧和担忧情绪。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Today, with hybrid work becoming the norm, the isolation of working from home, the blurring of boundaries between work and life, and the invisible burden of being on call around the clock have trapped modern professionals in a cycle of exhaustion. (如今，随着混合办公成为常态，居家办公带来的孤立感、工作与生活界限的模糊化，以及全天候待命所带来的无形压力，使现代职场人士陷入持续疲惫的循环之中。)”可知，A选项“The unclear line between work and personal life.(工作与个人生活之间的界限模糊不清。)”与B选项“The stress from being available around the clock.(全天候待命带来的压力。)”是导致“周日晚恐惧症”的原因；根据该段中的“Also, the ‘Sunday Scaries’ intensify when we feel we should have enjoyed the weekend more(同样，当我们觉得应该更充实地享受周末时，‘周日晚恐惧症’会加剧)”可知，D选项“The regret of not making the most of the weekend.(对没能好好利用周末的遗憾。)”也是原因之一。而C项“The comfort brought by flexible work patterns.(灵活工作模式带来的舒适感)”在文中并未提及，不是导致该症状的原因。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章前四段详细解释了人们为什么在周五晚上感到快乐，以及为什么在周日晚上会产生“周日晚恐惧症”(即周末情绪的转变)；最后一段提出了一种应对这种焦虑的方法——冥想(meditation)。因此，这篇文章的主要目的是解释周末情绪的转变并提供解决方案。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Humor 核心语法精练（进行时） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单句语法填空 3 二、完成句子 8 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 11 题型一 语法填空（模考真题） 11 题型二 阅读理解（模考真题） 16 进行时态 一、现在进行时 1．表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。Now watch carefully and see what is happening.现在仔细观察，看正在发生什么事。 2．表示现阶段一直进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行。 I am helping my dad on the farm this summer vacation.这个暑假我在农场给爸爸帮忙。 3．有时表示即将发生的动作(只限于go，come，stay，leave，start，begin，arrive，return，fly，drive，do，have等)，这时常有一个表示将来的时间状语。 Are you staying in Guangzhou for a week?你将在广州待一周吗？ 4．在时间、条件等状语从句中，代替将来进行时。 If I am sleeping when he comes，wake me up，please.他来时，如果我在睡觉，请叫醒我。 5．与副词always，usually，forever，constantly等连用，表达说话者的一种感情色彩。 She is always thinking of others instead of herself.她总是想着别人而不是她自己。 二、过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。其构成形式为：was/were＋v.­ing形式。 1．表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间通常要用时间状语，或通过上下文来表示。 They were taking physical exercise at seven this morning.今天早晨7点钟的时候他们正在锻炼身体。 She was telephoning a friend when I came in.当我进来时，她正在给一个朋友打电话。 2．表示过去某一段时间一直在进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行。 They were digging a railway tunnel last week.他们上星期在挖一条铁路隧道。 I know he was writing a book last year but I'm not sure whether he has finished it. 我知道他去年在写一本书，但是我不知道他写完了没有。 3．表示从过去某一时间的角度看将要发生的动作，用于某些动词，如：go，come，stay，leave，start，begin，arrive，return，fly，do，have等。 They were leaving a few days later.他们几天后就要离开了。 4．提供故事发生的时间、背景。 One day，Jones was walking along the street.一天，琼斯正沿街走着。 It was snowing as they made their way to the front.当他们向前线挺进的时候，天正下着雪。 三、现在完成进行时 1．意义 现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能还要继续进行下去。 2．构成 肯定形式：have/has＋been doing(第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have) I have been waiting for you.我一直在等你。否定形式：have/has＋not＋been doing He hasn't been using the car for the last two months.过去两个月他一直没用车。 3．用法 (1)表示动作从过去某时开始一直持续到说话时还在进行，或可能还要继续下去。通常和“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点(或从句)”的时间状语连用。 It has been snowing for three hours. 雪已经下了三个小时了。(从过去某一时间开始下雪，强调到现在还在下) (2)表示不久前刚刚结束的动作。这种意义通常根据上下文来判断。 Her eyes are red.It's obvious that she has been crying for a long time. 她的眼睛红红的。显然哭了很长时间。 (3)强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩。 She has always been working hard.她工作一直很努力。 (4)表示这段时间反复发生的事情。 I have been visiting some cities of China this month.这个月我一直在访问中国的一些城市。 四、过去完成进行时 1．表示发生在过去某个时间之前的某个动作，且该动作持续了一段时间。 *The actor had been waiting for his visa for days before he got it.　这个演员在拿到他的签证之前，已经等了好多天了。 2．表示过去某一时间之前经常发生的动作。 *I had often been thinking of you before you came to Shanghai. 在你来上海之前，我常常想起你。 3．表示直到过去某个时间点还在进行的动作。 *When he arrived at the station, he found the train had been waiting for passengers. 当他到达车站时，他发现火车早已在等候乘客了。 4．表示一定的感情色彩，如喜欢或厌恶等。 *Nobody knew what this fellow had been doing all these days. 没人知道这个家伙这些天一直在干什么。 五、将来进行时 1．表示在将来某时刻或某段时间内，某一动作正在进行。 *I'll be doing my homework at 9 o'clock tonight. 今晚9点钟我将会在做作业。 2．表示某一动作或状态在将来时间的延续。 *I've stayed in this hotel for 2 days and I will be staying here for another 2 days. 我已经在该宾馆住了两天，我还要在这里再住两天。 3．表示纯粹的将来，或表示礼貌地询问或请求。 *You needn't cook supper, Mum. I shall be cooking dinner tonight. 妈妈，你不用做晚饭了。今晚的饭我来做。 *What will you be doing tomorrow? 明天你干什么？ [温馨提示] 　　将来进行时与一般将来时的区别：将来进行时表示“纯粹”的将来；而一般将来时中的助动词will与shall有一种意图、意愿或者请求等情感色彩。现在英语中还常用将来进行时表示礼貌地询问或请求等。 一、单句语法填空 1．You may feel anxious that you (develop) at a different rate to your friends, shooting up in height or getting left far behind. 2．We (have) a few guests tonight. 3．Listen, she (sing) an English song in the next room. 4．Right now, the guide (introduce) the history of ancient trade goods to a group of visitors inside the city museum. 5．Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, (visit) the museum at that time. 6．They (practise) listening when the bell rang. 7．I (watch) a video about adolescent health when you called me. 8．When the head teacher entered the office, the whole group (discuss) the detailed plan of the social practice activity carefully. 9．I (pick) up my friend at the airport when the heavy rain suddenly started to pour down. 10．My deskmate told me she (attend) a lecture the next afternoon, so she couldn’t join our activity. 11．At this time yesterday, the team   (collect) stories from local teens for the magazine. 12．Professor Li (make) a speech on TV at 8:00 next Friday. 13．She cannot join your trip next weekend, for she (attend) an international academic meeting during that whole period. 14．Explorers who work on scientific research (stand) at the North Pole this time tomorrow. 15．Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she (teach) a class at that time. 16．Don’t phone me at 7 tomorrow evening. I (watch) a live show. 17．This time next year, most of us (study) different majors at universities. 18．At this time next week, we (travel) in Europe and enjoying the beautiful scenery. 19．He (complain) in the supermarket about the poor service at this time tomorrow. 20．He (write) an article on pollution since this morning. We all think he needs to have a rest. 21．I (prepare) for the upcoming high school life for the past month, so I feel a bit excited now. 22．Careful people may notice that this city’s unemployment rate (rise) in recent years. 23．We have been (work) on this project for over a month now. 24．By eight o’clock last night, we (observe) the birds for three hours. 25．When Darwin returned home in 1836, he (travel) for five years. 26．By the time the firemen arrived, the factory (burn) for half an hour. 27．She was forty. She (write) the novel since she was thirty. 28．They (do) their lessons for an hour, but they have finished only half. 29．Amsterdam is a good city for cycling and people here (enjoy) the benefits of cycling for years. 30．He (write) a novel when he heard a knock on the door. 二、完成句子 31．我正在浏览公告牌上的照片，身后忽然传来一个声音。 I _________________ the photos on the noticeboard ________ I heard a voice behind me. 32．我知道自己写得很好，也期待着老师积极的评价。 I knew I __________ a good job and ________________________ getting a positive comment. 33．我正在看书，突然停电了。 I ________________ when the power suddenly went out. 34．他目前正在申请这个大学图书馆的兼职工作，所以他很忙。 He ________ ________ ________ this part-time job at the university library, so he is very busy. 35．看！学生们正在打扫他们的教室，迎接检查。 Look! The students ________ ________ ________ their classrooms to prepare for inspections. 36．明天上午九点，我们将在会议室讨论这个计划。 At nine tomorrow morning, we ________ ________ ________ the plan in the meeting room. 37．In addition, your smart home _____________________ your health for you every day. 另外，你的智能家居每天都会监测你的健康状况。 38．自上周以来，我们一直期待联系这位专家征求建议。 We have been ________ ________ ________ ________ the expert to ask for advice since last week. 39．我所知道的是，当我离开时，我父亲一直躺在床上接受治疗。 I knew that ________________ for his illness when I left. 40．She ____________________________ before entering the college. 她上大学以前一直在学习英语。 题型一 语法填空 （26-27高二上·江西鹰潭·阶段检测）语法填空 The ink sticks (墨锭) produced in Shexian county, 1 (know) as Huizhou in Song Dynasty (960-1279), have a rich history of over 1,000 years. The entire ink-making process starts with collecting ash, the quality of 2 directly affects the quality of the ink. Then, making glue becomes 3 focus of the whole craft. The glue acts as a binding material. In ancient times, ink makers initially mixed ink with lacquer to form ink balls 4 the objective of making them portable and durable. Later, people discovered that animal gelatin glue (明胶) — made from repeatedly boiling pig or cow skins and bones — 5 (be) a better binder. Today, gelatin glue has been mass manufactured by specialized plants by boiling animal bones down to small hard balls, which need 6 (cook) by ink makers. It has been an 7 (incredible) demanding job to grasp the cooking process, especially controlling the fire. 8 is for this reason that only devoted craftsmen can fully master it. This time next year, a group of young inheritors 9 (host) a series of live-streaming courses, through which they will share the secret skills of ink-making with global art lovers. Drawing constant inspiration from ancient 10 (recipe), they keep improving the traditional technique. （26-27高二上·辽宁本溪·阶段检测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 2026 marks the 55th anniversary of their establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Turkiye. They 1 (influence) each other’s cultures over time, building a substantial heritage legacy and great potential for future cultural 2 (cooperate). Representatives from both parties held in-depth cultural heritage exchanges at the Nanjing-Istanbul Urban Civilization Dialogue in Istanbul. 3 dialogue not only carries forward the spirit of the ancient Silk Road, but acts 4 a tangible example of putting the Global Civilization Initiative into action. “This tradition of cultural exchange continues to this day and remains as relevant as ever, providing a platform for cities 5 (deepen) mutual learning and address common challenges,” said Frederique Aubert, head of the culture unit. “Nanjing and Istanbul are 6 (shine) examples of how cultural heritage can be integrated into broader social, economic, and environmental development.” What’s more, experts in architecture, archaeology, museum and cultural heritage professions from both countries shared their 7 (innovation) approaches to heritage protection from interdisciplinary (跨学科的) viewpoints. Renowned Turkish poet and photographer Yasin Mortas noted that AI can reproduce human civilization in a digitalized way, but it cannot understand human emotions, pain, or the soul, elements from 8 poetry originates. Chinese poet and Lu Xun Literature Prize winner Han Dong said he believes that the combination of AI and art is likely to give rise to a 9 (complete) new form of artistic expression. Nevertheless, he maintains that 10 he calls “ancient souls”, human beings, will remain the source of original creativity. 题型二 阅读理解 （26-27高二上·河南南阳·阶段检测）If asked to name a British comedian, most people worldwide can. From Charlie Chaplin to Rowan Atkinson, British comedy has never faded. Its global appeal lies in its deep roots in British culture. Humour is central to British identity. Though Britons are often seen as reserved and formal, they use humour to express frustrations and connect with others. Jokes appear everywhere — on buses, in clinics, and in business presentations — to ease tension and build relationships. But what makes British humour unique? First, it often reflects the class system, making fun of social aspirations or poverty. This may puzzle outsiders unfamiliar with British society. Second, wordplay thrives on double meanings — jokes are dependent on double meanings of the words. Such puns are beloved. For example, “flexible” can mean physically limber or having free time; “patient” can mean a sick person or someone willing to wait. Similarly, idioms like “sleep like a log” are twisted literally — waking up in a fireplace — which amuses English speakers. Third, British comedians boldly tackle taboo subjects like politics and use self-deprecation — making jokes about their own flaws or bosses. Finally, physical comedy, as seen in Mr. Bean, finds humour in ordinary accidents, evoking a mix of horror and delight. Of course, humour is subjective. One person’s giggle is another’s roar. Yet the variety — satire, puns, self-mockery — ensures something for everyone. However, the polite British delivery can make it hard to tell if they’re joking at all! 1．According to the article, what does the joke — I said to the gym instructor, “Can you teach me to do the splits?” He said, “How flexible are you?” I said, “I can’t make Tuesdays” — rely on?” A．The double meaning of “flexible.” B．The instructor’s strict schedule. C．The difficulty of doing splits. D．The British class system. 2．Why might non-British audiences find jokes about the British class system less funny? A．They don’t know British actors. B．They prefer physical comedy. C．They lack context about the class system. D．They think such jokes are too polite. 3．The author says “sometimes it’s difficult to even tell if it is a joke or not” about British comedy. What can be inferred about British comedic style? A．It is always loud and obvious. B．It often uses deadpan delivery. C．It avoids wordplay. D．It only works in writing. 4．What is the main purpose of this article? A．To compare British and American comedy. B．To criticize British humour. C．To teach readers how to tell British jokes. D．To explain British comedy’s appeal and distinctiveness. （25-26高二下·天津和平·期末）Friday nights have a special energy that seems to be felt by almost everyone. But what is it about Friday nights that makes people feel so happy? A key psychological driver behind this phenomenon is the power of anticipation. When people are looking forward to something their mood tends to improve. Another reason people are happier on Friday nights is the sense of breaking the routine. Friday nights offer a chance to break away from that routine and socialize with friends, which can be a source of happiness. The “weekend effect” brings a surge of happiness on Friday as work stress lifts and the freedom of the weekend begins. But for many of us, by the time Sunday afternoon rolls around, a feeling of intense anxiety and dread sets in — often referred to as the “Sunday scaries”. A new study led by the University of Exeter has found that many employees experience the “Sunday scaries”. This phenomenon often takes the form of mental preoccupation with the week ahead, as well as feelings of nervousness and difficulty in sleeping. “It’s as if your mind starts to turn from what is generally either relaxation or enjoyment at the weekend, into worries about everything you’ve got to do in the working week ahead.” No matter how fun or relaxing Friday evening and Saturday were, the so-called “Sunday Scaries” tend to creep up while we’re enjoying the last hours of the weekend. A new survey shows that 75% of workers experience pre-week anxiety and may report even having trouble falling asleep on Sundays compared to other nights. Today, with hybrid work becoming the norm, the isolation of working from home, the blurring of boundaries between work and life, and the invisible burden of being on call around the clock have trapped modern professionals in a cycle of exhaustion. Also, the “Sunday Scaries” intensify when we feel we should have enjoyed the weekend more, making the return to work seem unjustified. This anticipation easily blossoms into the “Monday Blues,” particularly if we’ve learned to associate work with stress. A tool that helps us focus less on the past or future and more on the present is meditation. It teaches us to cultivate mindful awareness, observe thoughts without immediately reacting, and navigate pre-weekend anxiety with composure (镇定), all of which helps us prepare for the challenges of the upcoming week. 1．Why do people feel happy on Friday nights? A．Because they totally forget work stress on Friday nights. B．Because they expect the weekend and escape daily life. C．Because socializing improves work efficiency. D．Because they are free from future worries. 2．What does “Sunday scaries” mean according to the passage? A．A strong feeling of fear and worry before the workweek. B．A kind of mental illness that makes people sleepy. C．The worries brought by the coming weekend. D．The excitement of enjoying the last hours of the weekend. 3．Which of the following is NOT a cause of the “Sunday scaries”? A．The unclear line between work and personal life. B．The stress from being available around the clock. C．The comfort brought by flexible work patterns. D．The regret of not making the most of the weekend. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce the advantages of hybrid work. B．To explain weekend mood shifts and provide a solution. C．To show how to enjoy the weekend to the fullest. D．To persuade people to work hard on Mondays. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $