Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 现在完成进行时（单元核心语法精练）英语人教版选择性必修第三册

Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 核心语法精练（现在完成进行时） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、单句语法填空 3 二、完成句子 7 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 11 题型一 语法填空（模考真题） 11 题型二 阅读理解（模考真题） 14 一、意义 现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能还要继续进行下去。 二、构成 肯定形式：have/has＋been doing(第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have) I have been waiting for you.我一直在等你。 否定形式：have/has＋not＋been doing He hasn't been using the car for the last two months.过去两个月他一直没用车。 三、用法 1．表示动作从过去某时开始一直持续到说话时还在进行，或可能还要继续下去。通常和“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点(或从句)”的时间状语连用。 It has been snowing for three hours. 雪已经下了三个小时了。(从过去某一时间开始下雪，强调到现在还在下) 2．表示不久前刚刚结束的动作。这种意义通常根据上下文来判断。 Her eyes are red. It's obvious that she has been crying for a long time. 她的眼睛红红的，显然哭了很长时间。 3．强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩。 She has always been working hard.她工作一直很努力。 4．表示这段时间反复发生的事情。 I have been visiting some cities of China this month.这个月我一直在参观中国的一些城市。 [名师点津] 不能用于进行时的动词如表示心理活动、属性拥有、表象感官、行为结果的动词不用于现在完成进行时。 我已经感冒两周了。 I have been having a cold for two weeks. (×) I have had a cold for two weeks. (√) 一、单句语法填空 1．These surgeons (operate) an operation since 2 p.m. and they will need another three hours to finish it. 2．I (wrestle) with the tough maths problem for hours, but I haven’t worked it out. 3．China (change) rapidly itself; all the while it has also shaped my view of the world. 4．It (trend) on social media platforms over the past two years as videos of the dance got millions of views online. 5．Jack, you (find) the career that suits your talents. I’m so proud of you. 6．We (negotiable) with the manager for a short working week. 7．Since then, all government units, organizations and streets communities (organize) a yearly autumn trip for those who have retired from their posts. 8．Since Jeff decided to buy a new car, he (lead) a busy life, all work and no play. So do you still want to invite him to hang about with you now? 9．It seems that the water from this tap (run) for some time. We have to take it apart to put it right. 10．Lily (consider) going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. 11．The number of visitors (rise) steadily since the tourist attraction reopened this year, despite a sharp decline compared to normal years. 12．You (read) the novel the whole day. Why not join us and have a cup of tea? 13．The manager (tell)workers how to improve the program these days. 14．Zhong Nanshan, who (occupy) himself with medical research since the 1960s, has brought, and will be bringing much benefit to the people. 15．For years I have been (host) a program on the radio and writing articles for a magazine. 16．The telephone (ring) in the office all the morning. 17．I (paint) the room this morning and I have to continue my work. 18．Recently, I (eat)healthy food as opposed to junk food. 19．My sister (stay)in Beijing for three months. She plans to stay for another two months. 20．Since 1962, Pacific Science Center （inspire）a passion for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. 二、完成句子 21．自从大学毕业，他就梦想着出国旅游。 Ever since he graduated from college, . 22．He tennis since he was eight. 他从八岁起就一直打网球。 23．Marty on his book and he thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday. 马蒂一直在非常努力地写书，他认为他将在星期五之前写完。 24．她一直在照顾生病的母亲 she her sick mother 25．He that he can do a good job in the negotiation. 他一直努力学习英语, 所以他能在谈判中表现出色。 26．She since two hours ago. 两个小时以来，她一直都在写信。 27．We the classroom all the afternoon. 我们一整个下午一直在打扫教室。 28．She like that. 她一贯是那样工作的。 29．教授两小时前去了他的办公室，从那之后一直在写他的论文。 The professor went to his office two hours ago and his essay ever since. 30．She the victims families. 她与受害人的家人一直保持着密切的联系。 题型一 语法填空 （24-25高二上·江西宜春·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Hiking tours are a kind of adventure tourism. Generally speaking, these vacations focus almost entirely 1 hiking from one place to another. Hiking tours can be regarded as a group activity or alone. There are many different ways of organizing hiking tours. Some people like to go out into the areas where there are very few people and travel over a long 2 (distant) from one place to another. They usually stay in hotels overnight before 3 (travel) to the next place on the following day. Guides can make hiking trips 4 (safe) and more focused. Some hikers prefer to take hiking tours without guides because of costs or because they want to challenge 5 (they). However, employing a reliable guide during a hiking tour 6 (consider) as a better choice for less experienced hikers. 7 activity can be very tiring, and those who are new to hiking may worry that they aren’t 8 (physical) able to finish the tours. Sometimes it can be helpful for people 9 (go) to the doctor and make sure 10 is safe for them to choose a difficult hike. Sometimes, a challenging hike can be deadly for someone having heart disease. （23-24高二下·福建龙岩·月考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton—this is the adventure that I 1 (dream) of. However, when I applied to join the expedition，Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t 2 (qualify), so I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance. Later I 3 (discover) and Shackleton had to assign me to be 4 steward. The journey wasn’t very easy, for Endurance was stuck in the ice as we approached Antarctica. And when the ship sank, our hearts sank with it. Before we abandoned the ship, Shackleton 5 (calm) told us to rescue our most essential supplies and he 6 (he) threw away all his gold. He allowed Hussey to keep his banjo, 7 made us surprised. We had been struggling for days, but things were going from bad to worse. Soon after we arrived at Elephant Island,Shackleton left us 8 (find) help. Sometimes we were able to catch a seal or a penguin to eat. I tried to think of 9 (happy)things. I was grateful for Frank and Ernest’s genuine concern for others, their 10 (persevere), and their resolve filled me with hope. 题型二 阅读理解 （25-26高二上·江西南昌·期末）Growing up in Norway (挪威), I had heard a lot about polar exploration. As a child, I spent a lot of time outdoors building bonfires (篝火), camping and skiing in the mountains. Aged 14, seven years before my South Pole expedition (远征), I set my sights on becoming the youngest woman to ski across Greenland (格陵兰岛). At that age, several guiding companies were unwilling to take me on because I was so young. Then I met Lars Ebbesen, an experienced polar guide. Straight away, I felt he respected my ambitions. But I had to go on an expedition to Finnmark first—a county in northern Norway—to prove I was capable. It was dark and cold but I fell in love with the challenge. That experience prepared me for Greenland, where the crossing took 28 days due to terrible weather. It was on my 15th birthday that I decided to go to Antarctica (南极洲). I didn’t tell my mum about my plans at first. I just told my dad, who is like me, a big dreamer. My mum is more pragmatic. My dad and I contacted Lars to work out the details of the trip. When I told my mum, she realized I had already made up my mind and agreed. When I began the expedition last November, I was 21. On the expedition, I was surprised that there was so much snowfall. On the hardest days, I was in fresh snow up to my knees and could only go 9.5km in 10 hours. Towards the end, my lungs were painful, and I struggled to breathe. When I crossed Greenland, Lars nicknamed me “the polar egg”. The idea was that one day I would hatch (破壳) and do a bigger expedition on my own. When I reached the South Pole I sent him an emoji (表情符号) of a chick breaking out of an egg. Though with everything I’ve experienced, I feel much older than that. 1．Why did the author go on the Finnmark journey? A．To show her abilities. B．To escape her everyday life. C．To explore a remote area. D．To meet an experienced team. 2．What does the underlined word “pragmatic” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Flexible. B．Realistic. C．Athletic. D．Accessible. 3．What can we infer about the author during her South Pole expedition? A．She braved the physical challenges. B．She enjoyed the landscape most. C．She gained several survival skills. D．She adapted to the environment soon. 4．What did the author intend to communicate by sending Lars the emoji? A．She was ready for a new task. B．She made his expectations come true. C．She was worthy of what she achieved. D．She did more than he believed possible. （25-26高一上·陕西安康·期中）In 2010, while Brad Ryan described his previous adventures hiking and climbing a famous mountain, he learned that his grandmother Joy Ryan had never set eyes on a mountain, which was one of her lifelong regrets. That conversation stayed with him. A few years later, Brad decided to take a weekend road trip to the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and asked Grandma if she’d like to join him. Thankfully, his grandmother jumped at the chance. At 85, she saw her first mountain, climbed her first mountain and went camping for the first time. While he knew that the fun might be ruined (毁灭) when he travelled with an elderly person, Brad quickly found that this wasn’t the case. In fact, it was quite the opposite. It made the experience of being in the great outdoors much richer because having to move more slowly meant he was able to appreciate everything in a more meaningful way. The first trip planted a seed of joy inside Brad that had been missing, and he was excited to see how much Grandma had enjoyed the experience. To keep their adventure going, the pair made a plan to travel to the other 62 US National Parks together. Such a challenge would be a huge achievement for most hikers, let alone an elderly woman with limited hiking experience, so they decided to take their time with it. It took them nearly eight years to do it. Brad said that the lens (镜头) through which Grandma was seeing the world was very different from most people of his age because she didn’t visit a site thinking, “Well, I’ll be back again,” so there was more presence. After reaching their final stop, the National Park of American Samoa in the South Pacific, in 2023, they became closer than ever and eventually decided on trying to travel to every continent (大陆) in the world. 1．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To sum up the whole story. B．To show Brad’s love for travelling. C．To explain Brad and his grandma’s trip reason. D．To describe the beautiful scenery during adventures. 2．What did Brad worry about at first on his first trip with his grandmother? A．High cost. B．Less fun. C．Bad weather. D．Poor health. 3．What did Brad think his grandma’s trip was like? A．She always felt very tired. B．She was close to giving up. C．She enjoyed it all the time. D．She was too old to go to many places. 4．What was Brad and his grandmother’s next plan? A．They would travel farther. B．They decided on the National Park. C．They wanted to have a break. D．They could post their stories online. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 核心语法精练（现在完成进行时） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、单句语法填空 3 二、完成句子 7 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 11 题型一 语法填空（模考真题） 11 题型二 阅读理解（模考真题） 14 一、意义 现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能还要继续进行下去。 二、构成 肯定形式：have/has＋been doing(第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have) I have been waiting for you.我一直在等你。 否定形式：have/has＋not＋been doing He hasn't been using the car for the last two months.过去两个月他一直没用车。 三、用法 1．表示动作从过去某时开始一直持续到说话时还在进行，或可能还要继续下去。通常和“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点(或从句)”的时间状语连用。 It has been snowing for three hours. 雪已经下了三个小时了。(从过去某一时间开始下雪，强调到现在还在下) 2．表示不久前刚刚结束的动作。这种意义通常根据上下文来判断。 Her eyes are red. It's obvious that she has been crying for a long time. 她的眼睛红红的，显然哭了很长时间。 3．强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩。 She has always been working hard.她工作一直很努力。 4．表示这段时间反复发生的事情。 I have been visiting some cities of China this month.这个月我一直在参观中国的一些城市。 [名师点津] 不能用于进行时的动词如表示心理活动、属性拥有、表象感官、行为结果的动词不用于现在完成进行时。 我已经感冒两周了。 I have been having a cold for two weeks. (×) I have had a cold for two weeks. (√) 一、单句语法填空 1．These surgeons (operate) an operation since 2 p.m. and they will need another three hours to finish it. 【答案】have been operating 【详解】考查时态。句意：这些外科医生从下午2点开始一直在做手术，他们还需要三个小时才能完成。根据since 2 p.m.和another three hours可知，此处应用现在完成进行时，表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在，而且还要继续下去的动作或状态，主语These surgeons是复数，助动词用have。故填have been operating。 2．I (wrestle) with the tough maths problem for hours, but I haven’t worked it out. 【答案】have been wrestling 【详解】考查时态。句意：我已经苦苦钻研这道很难的数学题好几个小时了，但还是没解出来。根据for hours和I haven’t worked it out可知，此处表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，并将持续下去，应用现在完成进行时，主语是I，助动词用have。故填have been wrestling。 3．China (change) rapidly itself; all the while it has also shaped my view of the world. 【答案】has been changing 【详解】考查时态。句意：中国自身一直在快速变化；与此同时，它也塑造了我的世界观。根据语境“一直在变化”可知表示过去的动作持续到现在，并且还可能继续下去，此处需用现在完成进行时；主语China为单数，助动词用has。故填has been changing。 4．It (trend) on social media platforms over the past two years as videos of the dance got millions of views online. 【答案】has been trending 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的两年里，随着这段舞蹈的视频在网上获得了数百万的浏览量，它在社交媒体平台上成为了热门话题。trend“倾向，趋势”，空处作句子的谓语，根据时间状语over the past two years可知，此处表示动作从过去持续到现在，并将继续持续下去，应用现在完成进行时，主语It是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has been trending。 5．Jack, you (find) the career that suits your talents. I’m so proud of you. 【答案】have found 【详解】考查时态。句意：杰克，你找到了适合你才能的职业。我为你感到骄傲。根据“I’m so proud of you.”可知，说话者表达的是对杰克已完成动作的肯定和赞赏，因此空处谓语动词应用现在完成时，主语you是第二人称，find的现在完成式应用have found。故填have found。 6．We (negotiable) with the manager for a short working week. 【答案】have been negotiating 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：我们一直在和经理协商缩短每周工作时间。此处缺少谓语动词，所给词negotiable为形容词，其动词形式为negotiate“协商”；根据时间状语“for a short working week”可知，“协商”这一动作可能从过去开始，持续到现在并仍在进行，应用现在完成进行时，主语为复数，助动词用have。 故填have been negotiating。 7．Since then, all government units, organizations and streets communities (organize) a yearly autumn trip for those who have retired from their posts. 【答案】have organized/have been organizing 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：从那时起，所有政府单位、组织和街道社区每年都为退休人员组织一次秋季旅行。根据“Since then”可知，句子时态用现在完成时，也可用现在完成进行时来表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去，主语为all government units, organizations and streets communities，助动词用have。故填have organized/have been organizing。 8．Since Jeff decided to buy a new car, he (lead) a busy life, all work and no play. So do you still want to invite him to hang about with you now? 【答案】has been leading 【详解】考查时态。句意：自从杰夫决定买一辆新车，他最近一直过着忙碌的生活，只有工作没有娱乐。那你现在还想邀请他和你一起闲逛吗？分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，根据时间状语Since Jeff decided to buy a new car可知句子表达的是一个一直持续到现在的动作，谓语动词使用现在完成进行时，故填has been leading。 9．It seems that the water from this tap (run) for some time. We have to take it apart to put it right. 【答案】has been running 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这个水龙头的水好像已经流了一段时间了。我们必须把它拆开才能纠正。根据空后的“for some time”和句中的“We have to take it apart to put it right”可知，这里应用现在完成进行时，表示从过去某一时间一直持续到现在，而且有可能继续下去的动作。主语the water为不可数名词，所以谓语应用单数。故填has been running。 10．Lily (consider) going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. 【答案】has been considering 【详解】考查时态。句意：莉莉一直在考虑回学校深造，但她还没有决定。根据she hasn’t decided yet可知，consider动作从过去开始，并且一直延续到现在，并且极有可能延续到将来，因此需用现在完成进行时。主语Mary为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has been considering。 11．The number of visitors (rise) steadily since the tourist attraction reopened this year, despite a sharp decline compared to normal years. 【答案】has been rising 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自今年该旅游景点重新开放以来，游客数量稳步上升，尽管与往年相比大幅下降。结合状语从句“since the tourist attraction reopened this year”和语境可知，主句应用现在完成进行时，强调游客数量的增加在持续。the number of+复数名词作主语，谓语用单数，故填has been rising。 12．You (read) the novel the whole day. Why not join us and have a cup of tea? 【答案】have been reading 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：你一整天都在看这本小说。为什么不和我们一起喝杯茶呢？空格处作谓语，根据时间状语the whole day可知，读书的动作是从过去发生的，到现在仍然在进行，所以本句应用现在完成进行时。故填have been reading。 13．The manager (tell)workers how to improve the program these days. 【答案】has been telling 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这些天经理一直在告诉工人们如何改进程序。根据these days时间状语以及语境可知，这些天经理一直在告诉工人们如何改进程序，表示动作从开始一直持续到现在，并且有可能还将持续下去，故该空应用现在完成进行时。主语The manager为单数名词，所以为动词的三单形式。故填has been telling。 14．Zhong Nanshan, who (occupy) himself with medical research since the 1960s, has brought, and will be bringing much benefit to the people. 【答案】has been occupying 【详解】考查时态。句意：钟南山自上世纪60年代以来一直从事医学研究，已经并将继续让人民受益。根据后文since the 1960s可知表示动作发生在过去，不间断发生到现在，而且还会继续下去，应用现在完成进行时，定语从句谓语与先行词Zhong Nanshan保持一致，故填has been occupying。 15．For years I have been (host) a program on the radio and writing articles for a magazine. 【答案】hosting 【详解】考查时态。句意：多年来，我一直在电台主持一个节目，并为一家杂志写文章。根据时间状语For years 和句意可知，用现在完成进行时。根据句意，故填hosting。 16．The telephone (ring) in the office all the morning. 【答案】has been ringing 【详解】考查时态。句意：整个上午，办公室里的电话一直在响。设空处在句中作谓语动词，由“all the morning”以及句意可知此句用现在完成进行时，“The telephone”作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填has been ringing。 17．I (paint) the room this morning and I have to continue my work. 【答案】have been painting 【详解】考查现在完成进行时。句意：今天早上我一直在粉刷房间，我必须继续我的工作。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语。此处表示的是动作发生在过去一直持续到现在且还要继续，故使用现在完成进行时即have/has been doing。主语是I，助动词用have。故填have been painting。 18．Recently, I (eat)healthy food as opposed to junk food. 【答案】have been eating 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：最近，我一直吃健康食品而不是垃圾食品。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里有时间状语Recently，这句话描述的是最近一直在进行的动作，所以用现在完成进行时，强调从过去持续到现在的动作，还有可能延续到将来。故填have been eating。 19．My sister (stay)in Beijing for three months. She plans to stay for another two months. 【答案】has stayed/has been staying 【详解】考查时态。句意：我妹妹已经在北京呆了三个月了。她打算再呆两个月。根据时间状语“for three months”和后一句可知，空处谓语动词需用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，表示过去发生的动作持续到现在将有可能继续下去；主语是单数，所以空处助动词需用has。故填has stayed/has been staying。 20．Since 1962, Pacific Science Center （inspire）a passion for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. 【答案】has been inspiring 【详解】考查现在完成进行时。句意：自1962年以来，太平洋科学中心一直在激发人们对科学、数学和技术的发现和终身学习的热情。由时间状语since 1962并结合语意可知，动作inspire始于过去，持续到现在，且还会持续下去，故应使用现在完成进行时。故填has been inspiring。 二、完成句子 21．自从大学毕业，他就梦想着出国旅游。 Ever since he graduated from college, . 【答案】he has dreamed/has been dreaming of travelling abroad 【详解】考查短语和时态。主句主语为he；表示“梦想”短语为dream of，表示“出国旅游”用动名词短语travelling abroad，作宾语；此处可用现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在的影响，或用现在完成进行时，表示动作持续不间断发生。故填he has dreamed/has been dreaming of travelling abroad。 22．He tennis since he was eight. 他从八岁起就一直打网球。 【答案】has been playing 【详解】考查时态和动词。根据句意和“since he was eight”可知，句中动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并将继续持续下去，应用现在完成进行时，“He”与“has”连用，“play tennis”表示“打网球”，“play”的现在分词为“playing”，空格处应用“has been playing”。故填has been playing。 23．Marty on his book and he thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday. 马蒂一直在非常努力地写书，他认为他将在星期五之前写完。 【答案】has been working really hard 【详解】考查时态。“一直在非常努力地写”，强调从过去开始一直持续到现在且现在还在进行的动作，用现在完成进行时，其结构为“have/has been + 现在分词”，主语“Marty”是第三人称单数，用has，“努力工作”work hard，“很”修饰“hard”可以使用really，强调程度。故填has been working really hard。 24．她一直在照顾生病的母亲 she her sick mother 【答案】has been attending on/to 【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意，此处表示“一直照顾”可以使用现在完成进行时，表示“照顾”为attend on/to，主语为第三人称单数。故填has been attending on/to。 25．He that he can do a good job in the negotiation. 他一直努力学习英语, 所以他能在谈判中表现出色。 【答案】has been learning English so hard 【详解】考查时态和固定句型。句子描述过去到现在一直在努力学习，并有可能继续下去，强调动作的持续性，应用现在完成进行时，主语是he，助动词应用has，“努力学习”为learn English hard，由句意“所以”和that可知，此处应用固定句型“so...that+从句”，引导结果状语从句。故填has been learning English so hard。 26．She since two hours ago. 两个小时以来，她一直都在写信。 【答案】has been writing the letter 【详解】考查时态。根据句意和时间状语since two hours ago可知，句子应该用现在完成进行时，强调“自从……一直”，主语是she，助动词用has；“写信”翻译为write the letter。故填has been writing the letter。 27．We the classroom all the afternoon. 我们一整个下午一直在打扫教室。 【答案】have been cleaning 【详解】考查时态。表示“打扫”应用动词clean，结合后文all the afternoon可知动作发生在过去，持续不间断进行，应用现在完成进行时，主语为we，助动词用have。故填have been cleaning。 28．She like that. 她一贯是那样工作的。 【答案】has always been working 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。空格处是谓语动词；根据句意中的“一贯是”可知，句子应该用现在完成进行时强调“动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，还可能持续下去”；主语是she，助动词用has；“工作”是work；“一贯”用副词always。故填has always been working 29．教授两小时前去了他的办公室，从那之后一直在写他的论文。 The professor went to his office two hours ago and his essay ever since. 【答案】has been writing 【详解】考查现在完成进行时和主谓一致。根据“ever since”和“The professor went to his office two hours ago”可知，此处是指动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在，并在将来的某段时间里仍将继续，应用现在完成进行时，“写”使用动词write，主语为单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has been writing。 30．She the victims families. 她与受害人的家人一直保持着密切的联系。 【答案】has been keeping close contact with 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。“与……保持着密切”用动词短语keep close contact with...表示，作谓语，结合句意，强调动作一直在持续，可用现在完成进行时态，主语是第三人称单数代词，谓语动词用第三人称单数，助动词使用has。故填has been keeping close contact with。 题型一 语法填空 （24-25高二上·江西宜春·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Hiking tours are a kind of adventure tourism. Generally speaking, these vacations focus almost entirely 1 hiking from one place to another. Hiking tours can be regarded as a group activity or alone. There are many different ways of organizing hiking tours. Some people like to go out into the areas where there are very few people and travel over a long 2 (distant) from one place to another. They usually stay in hotels overnight before 3 (travel) to the next place on the following day. Guides can make hiking trips 4 (safe) and more focused. Some hikers prefer to take hiking tours without guides because of costs or because they want to challenge 5 (they). However, employing a reliable guide during a hiking tour 6 (consider) as a better choice for less experienced hikers. 7 activity can be very tiring, and those who are new to hiking may worry that they aren’t 8 (physical) able to finish the tours. Sometimes it can be helpful for people 9 (go) to the doctor and make sure 10 is safe for them to choose a difficult hike. Sometimes, a challenging hike can be deadly for someone having heart disease. 【答案】 1．on/upon 2．distance 3．travelling/traveling 4．safer 5．themselves 6．is considered 7．The 8．physically 9．to go 10．it 【导语】这是一篇说明文。徒步旅行是一种冒险旅游，文章对这项运动进行了介绍并提出了注意事项。 1．考查介词。句意：一般来说，这些假期几乎完全集中在徒步旅行从一个地方到另一个地方。focus on/upon意为“集中于”，为固定搭配。故填on/upon。 2．考查名词。句意：有些人喜欢到人迹罕至的地方，从一个地方到另一个地方进行长途旅行。在介词over后应用名词单数distance表示“距离”作宾语，此处distance为可数名词。故填distance。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们通常在酒店过夜，第二天再前往下一个地方。在介词before后应用动名词作宾语。故填travelling/traveling。 4．考查形容词比较级。句意：导游可以让徒步旅行更安全，更专注。根据more focused可知，此处应用形容词safe的比较级作宾语补足语。故填safer。 5．考查代词。句意：一些徒步旅行者更喜欢参加没有导游的徒步旅行，因为成本问题，或者因为他们想挑战自己。此处宾语和主语指代相同，所以应用反身代词作宾语。故填themselves。 6．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：然而，对于缺乏经验的徒步旅行者来说，在徒步旅行中雇佣可靠的向导是一个更好的选择。此处描述客观事实，所以应用一般现在时，动词consider意为“认为”，和主语构成被动语态，故使用一般现在时的被动语态，动名词作主语，谓语应用第三人称单数。故填is considered。 7．考查冠词。句意：这项活动可能会很累，那些刚开始徒步旅行的人可能会担心他们的身体无法完成旅行。此处特指hiking这项活动，使用定冠词，首字母应大写。故填The。 8．考查副词。句意：这项活动可能会很累，那些刚开始徒步旅行的人可能会担心他们的身体无法完成旅程。空处修饰形容词able，应用副词physically表示“身体上”，作状语。故填physically。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：有时，人们去看医生，确保选择艰难的徒步是安全的，这是有帮助的。此处it作形式主语，应用动词不定式作真正的主语。故填to go。 10．考查it作形式主语。句意：同上。make sure后是省略that的宾语从句，此处to choose a difficult hike为真正的主语，应用it作形式主语。故填it。 （23-24高二下·福建龙岩·月考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton—this is the adventure that I 1 (dream) of. However, when I applied to join the expedition，Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t 2 (qualify), so I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance. Later I 3 (discover) and Shackleton had to assign me to be 4 steward. The journey wasn’t very easy, for Endurance was stuck in the ice as we approached Antarctica. And when the ship sank, our hearts sank with it. Before we abandoned the ship, Shackleton 5 (calm) told us to rescue our most essential supplies and he 6 (he) threw away all his gold. He allowed Hussey to keep his banjo, 7 made us surprised. We had been struggling for days, but things were going from bad to worse. Soon after we arrived at Elephant Island,Shackleton left us 8 (find) help. Sometimes we were able to catch a seal or a penguin to eat. I tried to think of 9 (happy)things. I was grateful for Frank and Ernest’s genuine concern for others, their 10 (persevere), and their resolve filled me with hope. 【答案】 1．have been dreaming 2．qualified 3．was discovered 4．a 5．calmly 6．himself 7．which 8．to find 9．happier 10．perseverance 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。它主要讲述了一位年轻人梦想加入伟大的欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士前往南极的远征。尽管最初被拒绝，但他偷偷登上了沙克尔顿的船，最终参与了这次历险。 1．考查时态。句意：和伟大的欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士一起去南极探险——这是我一直以来梦寐以求的冒险。表示“从过去一直延续到现在的动作”应该使用现在完成进行时，主语为I，故填have been dreaming。 2．考查形容词。句意：然而，当我申请加入探险队时，沙克尔顿拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不合格，所以我偷偷地登上了他的船——耐力号。需填入形容词作表语，需要的词义为“有资格的”，即qualified，故填qualified。 3．考查时态和语态。句意：后来我被发现了，沙克尔顿不得不派我去当一名服务员。根据句中的later以及I承受discover的动作可知，谓语动词使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为I，故填was discovered。 4．考查冠词。句意：后来我被发现了，沙克尔顿不得不派我去当一名服务员。steward为可数名词并且以辅音音素开头，因此使用不定冠词a，故填a。 5．考查副词。句意：在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿平静地告诉我们要拯救我们最重要的物资，他亲手扔掉了他所有的金子。使用副词作状语修饰动词told，需要的词义为“平静地”，故填calmly。 6．考查反身代词。句意：在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿平静地告诉我们要拯救我们最重要的物资，他亲手扔掉了他所有的金子。此处使用反身代词作he的同位语，故填himself。 7．考查定语从句。句意：他让赫西留着他的班卓琴，这让我们很吃惊。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的内容，因此使用which引导定语从句，故填which。 8．考查动词不定式。句意：我们到达象岛后不久，沙克尔顿就离开我们去寻求帮助。此处为动词不定式作目的状语，故填to find。 9．考查比较级。句意：我试着去想一些更快乐的事情。根据前文的“我们到达象岛后不久，沙克尔顿就离开我们去寻求帮助。有时我们能抓到一只海豹或企鹅来吃。”可知，“我们的处境很艰难”，因此“我”会想着更快乐的事情以缓解焦虑，则使用形容词的比较级，故填happier。 10．考查名词。句意：我很感激弗兰克和欧内斯特对他人的真诚关怀，他们的毅力和决心让我充满了希望。此处使用名词作宾语，需要的词义为“毅力”，即perseverance，它为不可数名词，故填perseverance。 题型二 阅读理解 （25-26高二上·江西南昌·期末）Growing up in Norway (挪威), I had heard a lot about polar exploration. As a child, I spent a lot of time outdoors building bonfires (篝火), camping and skiing in the mountains. Aged 14, seven years before my South Pole expedition (远征), I set my sights on becoming the youngest woman to ski across Greenland (格陵兰岛). At that age, several guiding companies were unwilling to take me on because I was so young. Then I met Lars Ebbesen, an experienced polar guide. Straight away, I felt he respected my ambitions. But I had to go on an expedition to Finnmark first—a county in northern Norway—to prove I was capable. It was dark and cold but I fell in love with the challenge. That experience prepared me for Greenland, where the crossing took 28 days due to terrible weather. It was on my 15th birthday that I decided to go to Antarctica (南极洲). I didn’t tell my mum about my plans at first. I just told my dad, who is like me, a big dreamer. My mum is more pragmatic. My dad and I contacted Lars to work out the details of the trip. When I told my mum, she realized I had already made up my mind and agreed. When I began the expedition last November, I was 21. On the expedition, I was surprised that there was so much snowfall. On the hardest days, I was in fresh snow up to my knees and could only go 9.5km in 10 hours. Towards the end, my lungs were painful, and I struggled to breathe. When I crossed Greenland, Lars nicknamed me “the polar egg”. The idea was that one day I would hatch (破壳) and do a bigger expedition on my own. When I reached the South Pole I sent him an emoji (表情符号) of a chick breaking out of an egg. Though with everything I’ve experienced, I feel much older than that. 1．Why did the author go on the Finnmark journey? A．To show her abilities. B．To escape her everyday life. C．To explore a remote area. D．To meet an experienced team. 2．What does the underlined word “pragmatic” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Flexible. B．Realistic. C．Athletic. D．Accessible. 3．What can we infer about the author during her South Pole expedition? A．She braved the physical challenges. B．She enjoyed the landscape most. C．She gained several survival skills. D．She adapted to the environment soon. 4．What did the author intend to communicate by sending Lars the emoji? A．She was ready for a new task. B．She made his expectations come true. C．She was worthy of what she achieved. D．She did more than he believed possible. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者从小热爱极地探险，14岁时为滑雪穿越格陵兰岛做准备，15岁决定前往南极洲，21岁踏上南极探险之旅的经历，展现了她追求梦想、勇敢挑战的精神。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But I had to go on an expedition to Finnmark first—a county in northern Norway—to prove I was capable.(但我必须先去挪威北部的芬马克郡进行一次探险，以证明我有能力)”可知，作者去芬马克郡旅行是为了展示自己的能力。故选A项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“I didn’t tell my mum about my plans at first. I just told my dad, who is like me, a big dreamer. My mum is more pragmatic.(起初我没有告诉妈妈我的计划。我只告诉了爸爸，他和我一样，是个充满梦想的人。我妈妈更……)”，通过对比爸爸充满梦想，可推测妈妈更加现实，所以“pragmatic”意思是“现实的”。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“On the hardest days, I was in fresh snow up to my knees and could only go 9.5km in 10 hours. Towards the end, my lungs were painful, and I struggled to breathe.(在最艰难的日子里，我深陷齐膝深的新雪中，10个小时只能前进9.5公里。快到终点时，我的肺部疼痛，呼吸困难)”可知，作者在南极探险期间勇敢地应对了身体上的挑战。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“When I crossed Greenland, Lars nicknamed me “the polar egg”. The idea was that one day I would hatch (破壳) and do a bigger expedition on my own. When I reached the South Pole I sent him an emoji (表情符号) of a chick breaking out of an egg.(当我穿越格陵兰岛时，拉尔斯给我起了个绰号叫“极地蛋”。意思是有一天我会破壳而出，独自进行一次更大的探险。当我到达南极时，我给他发了一个小鸡破壳而出的表情符号)”可知，作者发送这个表情符号是想告诉拉尔斯，她实现了他的期望。故选B项。 （25-26高一上·陕西安康·期中）In 2010, while Brad Ryan described his previous adventures hiking and climbing a famous mountain, he learned that his grandmother Joy Ryan had never set eyes on a mountain, which was one of her lifelong regrets. That conversation stayed with him. A few years later, Brad decided to take a weekend road trip to the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and asked Grandma if she’d like to join him. Thankfully, his grandmother jumped at the chance. At 85, she saw her first mountain, climbed her first mountain and went camping for the first time. While he knew that the fun might be ruined (毁灭) when he travelled with an elderly person, Brad quickly found that this wasn’t the case. In fact, it was quite the opposite. It made the experience of being in the great outdoors much richer because having to move more slowly meant he was able to appreciate everything in a more meaningful way. The first trip planted a seed of joy inside Brad that had been missing, and he was excited to see how much Grandma had enjoyed the experience. To keep their adventure going, the pair made a plan to travel to the other 62 US National Parks together. Such a challenge would be a huge achievement for most hikers, let alone an elderly woman with limited hiking experience, so they decided to take their time with it. It took them nearly eight years to do it. Brad said that the lens (镜头) through which Grandma was seeing the world was very different from most people of his age because she didn’t visit a site thinking, “Well, I’ll be back again,” so there was more presence. After reaching their final stop, the National Park of American Samoa in the South Pacific, in 2023, they became closer than ever and eventually decided on trying to travel to every continent (大陆) in the world. 1．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To sum up the whole story. B．To show Brad’s love for travelling. C．To explain Brad and his grandma’s trip reason. D．To describe the beautiful scenery during adventures. 2．What did Brad worry about at first on his first trip with his grandmother? A．High cost. B．Less fun. C．Bad weather. D．Poor health. 3．What did Brad think his grandma’s trip was like? A．She always felt very tired. B．She was close to giving up. C．She enjoyed it all the time. D．She was too old to go to many places. 4．What was Brad and his grandmother’s next plan? A．They would travel farther. B．They decided on the National Park. C．They wanted to have a break. D．They could post their stories online. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了布拉德·瑞安和祖母乔伊·瑞安一起旅行探险的故事。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“In 2010, while Brad Ryan described his previous adventures hiking and climbing a famous mountain, he learned that his grandmother Joy Ryan had never set eyes on a mountain, which was one of her lifelong regrets. That conversation stayed with him.(2010年，当布拉德·瑞安讲述他之前徒步旅行和攀登一座名山的冒险经历时，他得知他的祖母乔伊·瑞安从未见过山，这是她一生的遗憾之一。那次谈话一直萦绕在他心头)”可知，第一段主要讲述了布拉德得知祖母从未见过山，这成为她一生的遗憾之一，这个对话一直留在他的心里，从而引出了后文他和祖母一起去旅行的故事。所以第一段的作用是解释布拉德和他祖母旅行的原因。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“While he knew that the fun might be ruined (毁灭) when he travelled with an elderly person, Brad quickly found that this wasn’t the case.(虽然他知道和一位老人一起旅行可能会破坏乐趣，但布拉德很快发现事实并非如此)”可知，一开始布拉德担心和祖母一起旅行乐趣会减少。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The first trip planted a seed of joy inside Brad that had been missing, and he was excited to see how much Grandma had enjoyed the experience.(第一次旅行在布拉德心中种下了一颗快乐的种子，他很高兴看到祖母如此享受这次经历)”以及第五段中“Brad said that the lens (镜头) through which Grandma was seeing the world was very different from most people of his age because she didn’t visit a site thinking, “Well, I’ll be back again,” so there was more presence.(布拉德说，祖母看世界的视角与他这个年龄的大多数人非常不同，因为她参观一个地方时不会想，“嗯，我还会再来的”，所以她更投入)”可知，布拉德认为祖母一直很享受这次旅行。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“After reaching their final stop, the National Park of American Samoa in the South Pacific, in 2023, they became closer than ever and eventually decided on trying to travel to every continent (大陆) in the world.(2023年，他们到达了最后一站——南太平洋的美国萨摩亚国家公园，他们比以往任何时候都更亲密，最终决定尝试去世界上的每一个大陆旅行)”可知，布拉德和他祖母的下一个计划是去更远的地方旅行，即去世界上的每一个大陆旅行。故选A项。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $