Unit3 Period 2 Grammar and usage（分层作业）英语译林版选择性必修第二册

分层作业 Unit3 Period 2 Grammar and usage 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1.封闭自我 2.有了人工手 3.穿衣 4.一种新型机器人手 5.抓握小物件 6.感知不同程度的压力 7.测试极限 8.因为---感激 9.据估计--- 10.更高质量的人工肢体 11.身体残障人士 12.克服其残障 13.传统人工肢体 14.由木材和皮革制成 15.能够执行更为复杂的任务 16.反馈 17.感官的信息 18.配备有 【答案】 1.withdraw into oneself 2.with an artificial hand 3.get dressed 4.a new robotic hand 5.hold on to small things 6.feel varying degrees of pressure 7.test out limits 8.be grateful for 9.It has been estimated that--- 10.better-quality artificial limbs 11.physically disabled people 12.overcome their disabilities 13.conventional artificial limbs. 14.be made of wood and leathe 15.perform much more complex tasks 16.feed---back into 17.sensory information 18.be equipped with 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1.Due to the unexpected financial crisis, the company had to ________ (撤回) its investment from the overseas market. 2.Every classroom in our new teaching building is ________ (配备) with a modern smart board and air conditioning. 3.In recent years, ________ (人工智能) has developed rapidly and is widely applied in medical diagnosis. 4.The basketball team trains hard on the ________ (橡胶) court every afternoon to prepare for the upcoming tournament. 5.Sarah is such an ________ (外向的) girl that she quickly made friends with everyone in her new class. 6.I am extremely ________ (感激的) to my teachers for their continuous guidance and support during my senior high school years. 7.The newly built community center provides free facilities and services for ________ (残疾的) people. 8.We should treat people with a ________ (残疾) with respect and offer them help whenever possible. 9.Despite the fact that many people prefer modern devices, some traditional teachers still stick to ________ (传统的) teaching methods. 10.She was wearing a pair of comfortable ________ (皮革) shoes, which matched her coat perfectly. 11.Children with ________ (感觉的) processing issues may be extremely sensitive to loud noises or bright lights. 12.The young inventor applied for a ________ (专利) for his newly designed smart device last month. 【答案】 1.withdraw 2.equipped 3.artificial intelligence / AI 4.rubber 5.outgoing 6.grateful 7.disabled 8.disability 9.conventional 10.leather 11.sensory 12.patent 三、单句语法填空。 1.He made the decision to quit his job, but later regretted his ________ (withdraw) from the project 2.A well-________ (equip) laboratory is essential for scientific research and innovation. 3.Many people are worried that the widespread use of ________ (artificial) intelligent robots might lead to unemployment. 4.The ________ (conventional) of this old building makes it stand out among all the modern skyscrapers. 5.The invention of the telephone greatly improved human ________ (sense) communication over long distances. 6.To everyone's surprise, the ________ (disable) athlete won the gold medal in the marathon. 7.She has a strong sense of ________ (grateful) towards those who helped her when she was in trouble. 8.Because of his ________ (outgoing), he was elected as the monitor of the class. 9.The new ________ (equip) in the gym is designed to help people build up their muscles. 【答案】 1.withdrawal 2.equipped 3.artificial 4.convention 5.sensory 6.disabled 7.gratitude 8.outgoingness 9.equipment 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1.After I in a car accident two years ago, I began to . 两年前，我在一次车祸中失去了右手，之后我开始逐渐封闭自己。 2.I an artificial hand, but it did not . 我安装了一只义手，但它感觉并不像我的身体的一部分。 3. , my robotic hand varying degrees of pressure. 更令人惊讶的是，我的机械手能够感知不同程度的压力。 4. , it looks very lifelike . 此外，由于外部采用了特殊的橡胶材质，它看起来非常逼真 5.Not only , but I have also . 我不仅能做更多事情，也变得更加自信且开朗。 6.I all the new possibilities my robotic hand . 我非常感激机械手为我开启了所有这些新的可能性。 7.Fortunately, one exciting new advance could help . 幸运的是，一项令人振奋的新进展有望帮助这些肢体残疾人士重新过上正常生活。 8.With the advancement , artificial limbs can now . 随着机器人技术的进步，义肢如今能够执行更为复杂的任务。 9.Not only can they make , but they can also be controlled directly by the brain and it. 它们不仅能实现更广泛的动作范围，还能由大脑直接控制，并将感觉信息反馈回大脑。 10. , more and more people will be equipped with them and . 希望今后，越来越多的需要义肢的人能够获得义肢，从而享受更高品质的生活。 【答案】 1.lost my right hand;withdraw into myself 2.was equipped with; feel like part of me 3.More amazingly; is capable of feeling 4.In addition; with special rubber used on the outside 5.can I do more; become more confident and outgoing 6.am so grateful for; has opened up 7.these physically disabled people; lead a normal life again 8.in robotic technology; perform much more complex tasks 9.a much wider range of movements; feed sensory information back into 10.Hopefully; in need of robotic limbs; enjoy ahigher quality of life 五、语法填空 （25-26高二上·湖北·期中）。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded 1 Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi for their pioneering research on peripheral (外围的) immune tolerance, the Nobel Assembly (委员会) at Karolinska Institute said on Monday. The Nobel Prizes were established through 2 will of Alfred Nobel, the Swedish inventor of dynamite and a 3 (wealth) businessman. Sakaguchi, a Japanese scientist, first identified regulatory T cells in 1995, revealing how the immune system functions and why we do not all develop serious autoimmune diseases. At the time, many researchers 4 (convince) that immune tolerance only developed due to 5 (potential) harmful immune cells. Sakaguchi discovered a previously unknown class of immune cells, 6 protect the body from autoimmune diseases. Later Brunkow and Ramsdell identified a change in the Foxp3 gene linked to autoimmune disorders such as IPEX, 7 (strengthen) the molecular basis of immune regulation. The trio’s work expanded understanding beyond central tolerance in the thymus, highlighting mechanisms that stop the immune system from attacking the body. Over the past few years, their discoveries 8 (lay) the foundation for a new field of research and spurred the 9 (pursue) of regulatory T cell-centered therapeutics in areas like cancer, autoimmune disease and organ transplantation. There are currently more than 200 ongoing clinical trials 10 (base) on their research. 【答案】 108．to 109．the 110．wealthy 111．were convinced 112．potentially 113．which 114．strengthening 115．have laid 116．pursuit 117．based 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了2025年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的获奖情况——卡罗林斯卡学院诺贝尔奖委员会宣布该奖项授予玛丽·E·布伦科、弗雷德·拉姆斯德尔和下口绅司，以表彰他们在外周免疫耐受领域的开创性研究。 【详解】 1．考查介词。句意：卡罗林斯卡学院诺贝尔奖委员会周一宣布，2025年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予玛丽·E·布伦科、弗雷德·拉姆斯德尔和下口绅司，以表彰他们在外周免疫耐受领域的开创性研究。“be awarded to sb.”是固定搭配，意为“被授予某人”，此处表示奖项授予的对象。故填to。 2．考查冠词。句意：诺贝尔奖是根据瑞典炸药发明家、富商阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔的遗嘱设立的。“the will of sb.”表示“某人的遗嘱”，此处特指阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔的遗嘱，应用定冠词the。故填the。 3．考查形容词。句意：诺贝尔奖是根据瑞典炸药发明家、富商阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔的遗嘱设立的。此处需要形容词修饰名词businessman，wealth的形容词形式是wealthy，意为“富有的”。故填wealthy。 4．考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：当时，许多研究人员认为免疫耐受仅源于潜在有害的免疫细胞。主语many researchers与convince之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“At the time”（当时，指1995年前后）可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，结构为were + 过去分词。故填were convinced。 5．考查副词。句意：当时，许多研究人员认为免疫耐受仅源于潜在有害的免疫细胞。此处需要副词修饰形容词harmful，potential的副词形式是potentially，意为“潜在地”。故填potentially。 6．考查定语从句。句意：下口绅司发现了一类此前未知的免疫细胞，这类细胞能保护身体免受自身免疫疾病的侵害。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是immune cells，指物且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，布伦科和拉姆斯德尔发现了与IPEX等自身免疫疾病相关的Foxp3基因变异，强化了免疫调节的分子基础。句子主语Brunkow and Ramsdell与strengthen之间是主动关系，此处用现在分词作结果状语，表自然而然的结果。故填strengthening。 8．考查现在完成时。句意：在过去几年里，他们的发现为一个新的研究领域奠定了基础，并推动了以调节性T细胞为核心的疗法在癌症、自身免疫疾病和器官移植等领域的研究。根据时间状语“Over the past few years”可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语their discoveries是复数，结构为have + 过去分词，lay的过去分词是laid。故填have laid。 9．考查名词。句意：在过去几年里，他们的发现为一个新的研究领域奠定了基础，并推动了以调节性T细胞为核心的疗法在癌症、自身免疫疾病和器官移植等领域的研究。定冠词the后接名词，pursue的名词形式是pursuit，此处表示“对……的追求/研究”，为不可数名词作宾语。故填pursuit。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：目前，基于他们研究的正在进行的临床试验有200多项。trials与base之间是被动关系，“be based on”表示“基于……”，此处用过去分词作后置定语，省略be动词。故填based。 六、阅读理解（26-27高二上·河北石家庄·阶段检测）。 Imagine your immune system as a well-trained army. It fiercely attacks invading viruses and bacteria, yet it almost never turns its weapons against your own healthy cells. How does it tell friend from enemy? For decades this question puzzled biologists around the world, and the answer remained hidden. This breakthrough earned scientists the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The prize went to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for their discoveries of how the body keeps its powerful immune forces in check. Back in 1995, Sakaguchi identified a rare group of white blood cells called regulatory T cells （调节性T细胞）. These cells act like security guards posted throughout the body: rather than fighting invaders directly, they patrol the tissues and apply the “brakes” whenever the immune system turns too aggressive, stopping it from attacking the body’s own organs. Without these guards, the army would eventually turn on its own soldiers. Brunkow and Ramsdell later discovered a gene named FOXP3. Sakaguchi then unlocked the secret of how these guards are born: this gene serves as the master switch controlling the development of regulatory T cells. When this gene is damaged, the guards never develop properly, and the immune system loses its self-control, launching attacks against the body’s own organs — a severe condition known as IPEX that affects newborn babies. The discovery has opened promising medical doors. Understanding how the body distinguishes itself from outsiders helps doctors treat autoimmune diseases, in which the immune system mistakenly targets healthy tissue, including type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis. In cancer treatment, researchers now aim to “release the brakes”, weakening regulatory T cells so the immune system can recognize and destroy tumors. The same insight may also reduce organ rejection after transplants. Researchers note that the full medical potential of this work has yet to be realized, but early results are encouraging. 1．What role do regulatory T cells play? A．They regulate the immune system’s responses. B．They fight invading viruses and bacteria. C．They produce antibodies against diseases. D．They carry genes to newborn babies. 2．What happens when the FOXP3 gene is damaged? A．The immune system stops working entirely. B．Regulatory T cells grow too quickly. C．The body cannot fight any viruses. D．The immune system attacks its own organs. 3．Why do researchers want to “release the brakes” in cancer treatment? A．To strengthen the body’s security guards. B．To let the immune system fight tumors. C．To prevent organ rejection after transplants. D．To cure type 1 diabetes and arthritis. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．The discovery has already cured many diseases. B．Organ transplants are now unnecessary. C．The discovery has broad medical applications. D．Cancer will soon be completely cured. 【答案】5．A 6．D 7．B 8．C 【导语】文章主要介绍三位科学家因发现调节性T细胞获2025诺贝尔生理学或医学奖及其医学价值。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“These cells act like security guards posted throughout the body: rather than fighting invaders directly, they patrol the tissues and apply the “brakes” whenever the immune system turns too aggressive, stopping it from attacking the body’s own organs.(这些细胞就像遍布全身的安保人员：它们不直接对抗入侵者，而是在组织中巡查，当免疫系统变得过于活跃时就踩下“刹车”，阻止它攻击人体自身器官。)” 可知，调节性T细胞的作用是调控免疫系统的反应。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When this gene is damaged, the guards never develop properly, and the immune system loses its self-control, launching attacks against the body’s own organs — a severe condition known as IPEX that affects newborn babies.(当这个基因受损时，这些安保细胞无法正常发育，免疫系统失去自控能力，开始攻击人体自身器官——这就是会侵害新生儿的严重疾病IPEX。)” 可知，FOXP3基因受损时，免疫系统会攻击自身器官。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In cancer treatment, researchers now aim to “release the brakes”, weakening regulatory T cells so the immune system can recognize and destroy tumors.(在癌症治疗中，研究人员的目标是“松开刹车”，削弱调节性T细胞，这样免疫系统就可以识别并摧毁肿瘤。)” 可知，研究人员想要“松开刹车”是为了让免疫系统对抗肿瘤。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Understanding how the body distinguishes itself from outsiders helps doctors treat autoimmune diseases, in which the immune system mistakenly targets healthy tissue, including type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis. In cancer treatment, researchers now aim to “release the brakes”, weakening regulatory T cells so the immune system can recognize and destroy tumors. The same insight may also reduce organ rejection after transplants.(弄清楚人体如何区分自身组织和外来异物，有助于医生治疗自身免疫病。患上这类疾病时，免疫系统会错误攻击健康组织，一型糖尿病、类风湿关节炎都属于此类。在癌症治疗领域，研究人员如今的目标是 “解除抑制”：削弱调节性 T 细胞，让免疫系统能够识别并摧毁肿瘤。这同一研究思路还有望降低器官移植后的排异反应。)” 可知，该发现可以用于自身免疫病、癌症、器官移植等多个领域，拥有广泛的医学应用前景。 七、七选五（2025·陕西西安·一模）。 Kindness May Keep You Healthy If you are driving in the United States, you may see a common bumper (汽车保险杠) sticker on passing vehicles that reads: 1 The saying is meant to urge people to behave in a gentle, caring, and helpful way towards others without thinking or planning ahead. Research shows that doing kind things can make us feel better. In one experiment, Brian Are, an anthropologist (人类学家) at Duke University, asked a group of people to perform three acts of generosity for other individuals each week. 2 The people who were caring, gentle and friendly towards others reported experiencing contentment, satisfaction and happiness. 3 Lyubomirsky studied a group of people with the disease Multiple Sclerosis (多发性硬化). She found that they felt better physically when helping others. Her research also pointed out that people showing kindness to others had less inflammation (炎症) in their bodies. And in other studies, Lyubomirsky said more anti-viral genes were found in people who extended a helping hand to other people. Other research has shown that many people prize kindness above other values. In one study, researchers gave people a list of values — such as kindness, creativity, ambition, tradition, security, seeking social justice, and seeking power. 4 “The basic reason why people are kind,” Oliver Curry, explained, the research director at Kind-lab that is a non-profit organization, “is that we are social animals. 5 ” In other words, we are designed to be kind. A．Acts of kindness are very powerful. B．Kindness is as much a part of us as our anger, grief or desire. C．However, being kind is not just emotionally beneficial. D．Perform random acts of kindness. E．The behavior could be small, like opening a door for someone. F．He found that being kind makes people feel better emotionally. G．When asked to pick the most important, kindness won. 【答案】1．D 2．E 3．C 4．G 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了善良和友好对健康的益处。研究表明，对他人的关心和善意可以带来情感上的满足和幸福感，同时也可以减少身体炎症和增强免疫系统。此外，善良是人类社会性本能的表现之一。文章呼吁人们在生活中多表现出善良和友好。 【详解】 1．根据后文“The saying is meant to urge people to behave in a gentle, caring, and helpful way towards others without thinking or planning ahead.(这句话的意思是敦促人们在不考虑或事先计划的情况下，以温柔、关心和帮助的方式对待他人)”可知，此处解释了汽车保险杠上贴纸的内容：敦促人们在不考虑或事先计划的情况下，以温柔、关心和帮助的方式对待他人。D选项“随意做一些善意的事情”概括后文的内容，指出要以温柔、关心和帮助的方式对待他人，与下文形成呼应。故选D。 2．根据上文“Research shows that doing kind things can make us feel better. In one experiment, Brian Are, an anthropologist (人类学家) at Duke University, asked a group of people to perform three acts of generosity for other individuals each week.(研究表明，做好事可以让我们感觉更好。在一项实验中，杜克大学的人类学家Brian Are要求一组人每周为他人做三件慷慨的事)”可知，上文提到要求做三件慷慨的事，推测本句承接上文，说明三件事的特点，故E选项“这种行为可能很小，比如为别人开门”符合语境，故选E。 3．根据上一段最后一句“The people who were caring, gentle and friendly towards others reported experiencing contentment, satisfaction and happiness.(那些对别人关心、温柔、友好的人报告说他们感到满足、满意和幸福)”以及后文“Lyubomirsky studied a group of people with the disease Multiple Sclerosis(多发性硬化). She found that they felt better physically when helping others. Her research also pointed out that people showing kindness to others had less inflammation (炎症) in their bodies. And in other studies, Lyubomirsky said more anti-viral genes were found in people who extended a helping hand to other people.(柳博米尔斯基研究了一组患有多发性硬化症的人。她发现当他们帮助别人时，他们的身体感觉更好。她的研究还指出，对他人友善的人体内的炎症更少。在其他研究中，柳博米尔斯基说，在向别人伸出援助之手的人身上发现了更多的抗病毒基因)”可知，上文提到了善良对情感的好处，而本段主要说明了善良对身体的好处，故本句与上文构成转折关系，故C选项“然而，善良不仅仅在情感上有益”符合语境，起到承上启下的作用，故选C。 4．根据上文“Other research has shown that many people prize kindness above other values. In one study, researchers gave people a list of values — such as kindness, creativity, ambition, tradition, security, seeking social justice, and seeking power.(其他研究表明，许多人认为善良高于其他价值观。在一项研究中，研究人员给人们列出了一系列价值观，比如善良、创造力、雄心、传统、安全感、追求社会正义和追求权力)”可知，研究表明，许多人认为善良高于其他价值观，并介绍了一项研究中，研究人员给人们列出了一系列价值观，由此可推知，在众多的价值观中，许多人认为善良比其他价值观重要；G选项“当被要求选出最重要的东西时，善良胜出”符合语境，故选G。 5．根据上文““The basic reason why people are kind,” Oliver Curry, explained, the research director at Kind-lab that is a non-profit organization, “is that we are social animals.(非营利组织kind-lab的研究主任奥利弗·库里解释说：‘人们善良的基本原因是，我们是社会性动物。’)”以及后文“In other words, we are designed to be kind.(换句话说，我们生来就是善良的)”可知，后文提到我们生来善良，推测本句是在说明善良是人类的天性，故B选项“善良是我们的一部分，就像我们的愤怒、悲伤和欲望一样”符合语境，故选B。 八、完形填空（23-24高二下·浙江·期中）。 In my 40s, I received a call from my father. He’d been 1 an old shelf and accidentally discovered 2 from a great-great-uncle, Charles Kelley. They dated to 1922, when Charles was told that he had got Type 1 diabetes (糖尿病). At that time, the diagnosis was a deadly 3 . Somehow my uncle, an insurance man from Huron, South Dakota, made his way to the Mayo Hospital in Minnesota, where doctors were 4 a new drug. Charles was accepted as one of the guinea pigs. He noted down that each day’s injection (注射) cost him a small fortune, though luckily he could 5 it. By the time the University of Toronto team of doctors, who invented insulin (胰岛素), won a Nobel Prize in 1923, Uncle Charles had been back in Huron. The 6 gave him 20 more years of life. Undoubtedly, this family 7 was helpful to me. One day when I was in my 20s, I returned home from college, 8 , so I went to see my doctor. He called the next day to 9 me that I had Type 1 diabetes. It was a big 10 , totally out of the blue. There was no known history of diabetes in my family. For 20 years, I 11 my insulin and took care of myself, but still I felt orphaned because of my illness. I couldn’t explain why I had such kind of illness, the only one in my family. Charles’s story changed that 12 , which brought the once-hidden imperfection in my genes to 13 . Now I’m 14 for the mysteries they have solved — and for my uncle Charles’s late messages across generations that I wasn’t 15 . 1．A．setting up B．tidying up C．messing up D．taking up 2．A．books B．essays C．letters D．newspapers 3．A．accident B．decision C．virus D．sentence 4．A．testing B．checking C．introducing D．producing 5．A．make B．avoid C．afford D．fake 6．A．drug B．operation C．diagnosis D．trip 7．A．contact B．secret C．gene D．connection 8．A．refreshed B．exhausted C．excited D．frightened 9．A．remind B．promise C．convince D．inform 10．A．shock B．expectation C．relief D．confusion 11．A．swallowed B．invented C．injected D．selected 12．A．recently B．instantly C．barely D．partly 13．A．light B．market C．hospital D．life 14．A．fearful B．hopeful C．regretful D．grateful 15．A．sick B．useless C．alone D．afraid 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．B 9．D 10．A 11．C 12．B 13．A 14．D 15．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者患有糖尿病，原以为家族中他是唯一得这种病的人，认为自己和这个家族没有血缘关系，后来发现自己的曾叔祖父也患有同一种病，这才明白了自己的病也是家族遗传。 【详解】 1．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他在整理一个旧书架时，意外地发现了他的曾叔祖父Charles Kelley的信件。A. setting up设置；B. tidying up整理；C. messing up弄乱；D. taking up拿起，占用。根据后文“an old shelf and accidentally discovered ____2____ from a great-great-uncle”可知，作者父亲在整理一个旧书架时，有所发现。故选B项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. books书籍；B. essays论文；C. letters信件；D. newspapers报纸。根据后文“They dated to 1922, when Charles was told that he had got Type 1 diabetes (糖尿病).”可知，在整理书架时，发现了当时的信件，有医院的诊断书。故选C项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在当时，这个诊断是一个致命的宣判。A. accident事故；B. decision决定；C. virus病毒；D. sentence宣判，判决。根据常识和前文“he had got Type 1 diabetes (糖尿病)”可知，当时，糖尿病是致命性疾病，得了糖尿病就像是判了死刑。故选D项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不知怎么的，我的叔祖，一个来自南达科他州休伦的保险公司的人，来到了明尼苏达州的梅奥医院，那里的医生正在测试一种新药。A. testing测试；B. checking检查；C. introducing介绍；D. producing生产。根据后文“Charles was accepted as one of the guinea pigs.”可知，医生正在测试一种新药。故选A项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他记着，每天打针都要花一笔钱，不过幸运的是，他负担得起。A. make制造；B. avoid避免；C. afford支付得起；D. fake伪造。根据前文“He noted down that each day’s injection (注射) cost him a small fortune, though luckily”可知，每天打针都要花一笔钱，幸运的是，他负担得起药费。故选C项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种药使他多活了20年。A. drug药物；B. operation手术；C. diagnosis诊断；D. trip旅行。根据前文“ By the time the University of Toronto team of doctors, who invented insulin (胰岛素), won a Nobel Prize in 1923,”可知，胰岛素这种药使他多活了很久。故选A项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问，这个家族秘密对我很有帮助。A. contact联系，接触；B. secret秘密；C. gene基因；D. connection连接，联系。根据后文“Charles’s story changed that ____12____, which brought the once-hidden imperfection in my genes to ____13____.”可知，作者原来并不知道祖辈中也有人得这种病，所以就像是家族秘密。故选B项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我20多岁的时候，有一天，我从大学回到家，筋疲力尽，所以我去看医生。A. refreshed神清气爽的；B. exhausted筋疲力尽的；C. excited激动的；D. frightened害怕的。根据后文“so I went to see my doctor”以及“I had Type 1 diabetes”可知，作者筋疲力尽，有易疲劳的症状，所以去看医生，结果被诊断患有糖尿病。故选B项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天他打电话告诉我，我得了1型糖尿病。A. remind提醒；B. promise承诺；C. convince说服；D. inform告知。根据后文“that I had Type 1 diabetes”可知，医生打电话告知作者得了糖尿病。故选D项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个很大的打击，完全出乎意料。A. shock震惊，（身心受到）打击；B. expectation期望；C. relief宽慰；D. confusion困惑，混淆。根据前文“that I had Type 1 diabetes”和后文“totally out of the blue”可知，患糖尿病对作者来说是个打击。故选A项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：20年来，我一直在注射胰岛素，照顾自己，但因为我的疾病，我仍然觉得自己是孤儿。A. swallowed吞咽；B. invented发明；C. injected注射；D. selected选择，挑选。根据前文“each day’s injection (注射) cost him a small fortune”和后文“my insulin”可知，作者一直在注射胰岛素。故选C项。 12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Charles的故事立刻改变了我的想法，让我基因中曾经隐藏的缺陷暴露出来。A. recently最近；B. instantly立刻；C. barely仅仅，几乎没有；D. partly部分地，一定程度上。根据语境和前文“I couldn’t explain why I had such kind of illness, the only one in my family.”可知，作者不知道自己为什么得这种病，认为自己是孤儿，和这个家族没有血缘关系，当知道曾祖辈中有人的这种病时，恍然大悟，立刻改变了这种想法。故选B项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. light光，曝光；B. market市场；C. hospital医院；D. life生活，生命。根据常识和前文“Charles’s story changed that ____12____, which brought the once-hidden imperfection in my genes”和后文“for the mysteries they have solved”可知，Charles的病例改变了作者的想法，让作者基因中曾经隐藏的缺陷暴露出来，把得病的原因弄清楚了。bring…to light“使……曝光”是固定短语。故选A项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，我很感激他们解开的谜团，也很感激Charles叔叔在去世后代代相传的信息：我并不孤单。A. fearful恐惧的；B. hopeful充满希望的；C. regretful遗憾的，后悔的；D. grateful感激的。根据语境和后文“for the mysteries they have solved — and for my uncle Charles’s late messages across generations”可知，作者很感激查尔斯留下的信息帮助自己解开谜团。故选D项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. sick生病的；B. useless无用的；C. alone单独的，惟一的；D. afraid害怕的。根据倒数第二段中“There was no known history of diabetes in my family.”和前文“and for my uncle Charles’s late messages across generations”可知，作者原以为他们家族没有人得这种病，后来了解到曾祖辈也有这种病，意识到自己并不是家族中唯一患这种病的。故选C项。 九、阅读理解（2024新课标I卷）。 “I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine – combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” 1. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude. 2. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A. He was trained in it at university. B. He was inspired by another veterinarian. C. He benefited from it as a patient. D. He wanted to save money for pet owners. 3. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 4. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance. C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection. 【答案】1.A 2.C 3.D 4.A 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主题语境为“人与社会——医学进展与动物治疗”。文章通过兽医William Farber博士的个人经历，介绍了“整体医学”（holistic medicine）在动物治疗领域的应用与成效。Farber最初是一名传统兽医，因自身背痛而接触并受益于针灸，随后将这一古老中医疗法引入宠物治疗，取得了包括缓解心脏病犬只痛苦、改善马匹运动能力等实际效果。尽管同行起初不解甚至嘲笑，但行业数据的增长（协会会员从30人增至700余人）表明这一方法正逐渐获得认可。 【详解】 1 推理判断题。 根据第一段“even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods”（连他的一些同事也偶尔嘲笑他不寻常的方法）可知，同事们认为他的方法“unusual”，即不寻常、古怪。A项“He’s odd”（他很奇怪）与此对应。Farber本人说“I am not crazy”以及“If he seems a little defensive”也暗示了他因方法另类而受到质疑。 2. 细节理解题。 根据第二段，Farber 20年前饱受背痛折磨，尝试肌肉松弛药物效果不佳，随后尝试针灸，“was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments”（惊讶地发现两三次治疗后病情好转）。正因为他自己作为患者亲身体验到了针灸的疗效，才决定将这一技术应用于他的动物患者。C项准确概括了这一因果逻辑。 3. 段落主旨题。 第三段举了两个具体案例：Leigh Tindale的狗Charlie患有严重心脏病，在Farber的治疗下多活了五个月；Priscilla Dewing的马Nappy在接受按摩调整后“行动更轻松、骑乘更舒适”。这两个例子共同说明的是整体医学疗法确实有效，D项“The effectiveness of holistic medicine”准确概括了段落主旨。C项“rare animal diseases”（罕见动物疾病）与文意不符，文中提到的并非罕见病。 4. 推理判断题（写作意图题）。 第四段首句Farber表示“整体医学方法会越来越受欢迎”，随后作者引用数据：自1982年以来，美国整体兽医医学协会的会员从30人增长到700多人。这一数据的增长恰好印证了Farber的判断是正确的，即他的观点（holistic approach will grow more popular）得到了事实支撑。A项“To prove Farber’s point”准确点明了作者的写作意图。 十、七选五（2025全国II卷）. Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as a Family Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults? 1 . You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family. ●You’ll feel like you have more time. People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. 2 . ●You can live longer if you volunteer regularly. 3 . Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives. ● 4 . Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen’s well-being in the years to come. ●You’ll have more time with family. Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. 5 . Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way. And, there are tasks for every age and ability, so all your children can feel proud of their work. A. Helping the community lowers rates of depression. B. Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need. C. Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers. D. Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice. E. For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits. F. You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before. G. Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day. 【答案】 1. B 2. G 3. E 4. C 5. F 【导语】 本文围绕“家庭志愿服务”展开，从时间感知、身体健康、对青少年的长期影响、家庭关系四个维度，逐一说明志愿活动给家庭带来的“意外好处”。文章结构清晰，每段以小标题统领，辅以研究数据或具体描述支撑观点，选项与段落主旨的匹配度较高，重点考查考生对段落主旨、上下文逻辑衔接以及代词指代关系的理解能力。 【详解】 1. 答案 B。逻辑衔接题。 空前用两个问句提出需求：“你在寻找让家人团聚的方式吗？希望找到大人小孩都能共享的爱好吗？”空后说“你可能知道帮助他人带来的‘感觉良好’情绪，但志愿服务还有更多意想不到的好处”。B项“家庭志愿服务可能正是你需要的”直接回应前文的两个问句，同时引出下文对“好处”的展开，形成“提问—建议—展开”的逻辑链。 2. 答案 G。段内支撑题。 本段小标题是“你会感觉拥有更多时间”，空前说研究发现“把时间贡献给社区事业实际上会让你感觉拥有更多时间”。G项“志愿服务让你感到有能力，并激励你充分利用每一天”解释了为什么会有“时间更多”的感觉——因为志愿服务带来积极感受，从而激励人珍惜和高效利用时间。G项中的“make the most of each day”与“more time”形成语义呼应。 3. 答案 E。段落主旨概括题。 空处位于段首，后文紧接着引用华盛顿大学的研究：55岁及以上的志愿者记忆力更好、整体健康维持更久。E项“对成年人来说，志愿服务能带来显著的身体健康益处”概括了本段的核心内容，且“adults”“physical health benefits”与后文的“adults 55 and older”“better memory”“overall health”形成关键词呼应。 4. 答案 C。小标题概括题。 空处是本段的小标题。后文指出“青少年时期做志愿服务与成绩提升、自信心增强等积极影响相关，这些影响不仅仅是短期的，还被证明会影响青少年未来几年的福祉”。C项“志愿服务对儿童和青少年有终身影响”既点明了对象（kids and teenagers），又与后文的“not just short-term”“in the years to come”形成语义对应，精准概括段落主旨。 5. 答案 F。语境衔接题。 空前说“一起做志愿服务的家庭有朝着共同目标努力的独特体验”，空后说“每个人都带来独特的东西，并能以新的方式相互联系”。F项“你甚至可能发现你的孩子有你以前不知道的天赋”是“独特体验”的具体表现，与空后的“something unique”“connect in a new way”形成逻辑呼应，说明家庭志愿服务中可能出现的意外发现。 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 分层作业 Unit3 Period 2 Grammar and usage 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1.封闭自我 2.有了人工手 3.穿衣 4.一种新型机器人手 5.抓握小物件 6.感知不同程度的压力 7.测试极限 8.因为---感激 9.据估计--- 10.更高质量的人工肢体 11.身体残障人士 12.克服其残障 13.传统人工肢体 14.由木材和皮革制成 15.能够执行更为复杂的任务 16.反馈 17.感官的信息 18.配备有 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1.Due to the unexpected financial crisis, the company had to ________ (撤回) its investment from the overseas market. 2.Every classroom in our new teaching building is ________ (配备) with a modern smart board and air conditioning. 3.In recent years, ________ (人工智能) has developed rapidly and is widely applied in medical diagnosis. 4.The basketball team trains hard on the ________ (橡胶) court every afternoon to prepare for the upcoming tournament. 5.Sarah is such an ________ (外向的) girl that she quickly made friends with everyone in her new class. 6.I am extremely ________ (感激的) to my teachers for their continuous guidance and support during my senior high school years. 7.The newly built community center provides free facilities and services for ________ (残疾的) people. 8.We should treat people with a ________ (残疾) with respect and offer them help whenever possible. 9.Despite the fact that many people prefer modern devices, some traditional teachers still stick to ________ (传统的) teaching methods. 10.She was wearing a pair of comfortable ________ (皮革) shoes, which matched her coat perfectly. 11.Children with ________ (感觉的) processing issues may be extremely sensitive to loud noises or bright lights. 12.The young inventor applied for a ________ (专利) for his newly designed smart device last month. 三、单句语法填空。 1.He made the decision to quit his job, but later regretted his ________ (withdraw) from the project 2.A well-________ (equip) laboratory is essential for scientific research and innovation. 3.Many people are worried that the widespread use of ________ (artificial) intelligent robots might lead to unemployment. 4.The ________ (conventional) of this old building makes it stand out among all the modern skyscrapers. 5.The invention of the telephone greatly improved human ________ (sense) communication over long distances. 6.To everyone's surprise, the ________ (disable) athlete won the gold medal in the marathon. 7.She has a strong sense of ________ (grateful) towards those who helped her when she was in trouble. 8.Because of his ________ (outgoing), he was elected as the monitor of the class. 9.The new ________ (equip) in the gym is designed to help people build up their muscles. 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1.After I in a car accident two years ago, I began to . 两年前，我在一次车祸中失去了右手，之后我开始逐渐封闭自己。 2.I an artificial hand, but it did not . 我安装了一只义手，但它感觉并不像我的身体的一部分。 3. , my robotic hand varying degrees of pressure. 更令人惊讶的是，我的机械手能够感知不同程度的压力。 4. , it looks very lifelike . 此外，由于外部采用了特殊的橡胶材质，它看起来非常逼真 5.Not only , but I have also . 我不仅能做更多事情，也变得更加自信且开朗。 6.I all the new possibilities my robotic hand . 我非常感激机械手为我开启了所有这些新的可能性。 7.Fortunately, one exciting new advance could help . 幸运的是，一项令人振奋的新进展有望帮助这些肢体残疾人士重新过上正常生活。 8.With the advancement , artificial limbs can now . 随着机器人技术的进步，义肢如今能够执行更为复杂的任务。 9.Not only can they make , but they can also be controlled directly by the brain and it. 它们不仅能实现更广泛的动作范围，还能由大脑直接控制，并将感觉信息反馈回大脑。 10. , more and more people will be equipped with them and . 希望今后，越来越多的需要义肢的人能够获得义肢，从而享受更高品质的生活。 五、语法填空（25-26高二上·湖北·期中）。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded 1 Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi for their pioneering research on peripheral (外围的) immune tolerance, the Nobel Assembly (委员会) at Karolinska Institute said on Monday. The Nobel Prizes were established through 2 will of Alfred Nobel, the Swedish inventor of dynamite and a 3 (wealth) businessman. Sakaguchi, a Japanese scientist, first identified regulatory T cells in 1995, revealing how the immune system functions and why we do not all develop serious autoimmune diseases. At the time, many researchers 4 (convince) that immune tolerance only developed due to 5 (potential) harmful immune cells. Sakaguchi discovered a previously unknown class of immune cells, 6 protect the body from autoimmune diseases. Later Brunkow and Ramsdell identified a change in the Foxp3 gene linked to autoimmune disorders such as IPEX, 7 (strengthen) the molecular basis of immune regulation. The trio’s work expanded understanding beyond central tolerance in the thymus, highlighting mechanisms that stop the immune system from attacking the body. Over the past few years, their discoveries 8 (lay) the foundation for a new field of research and spurred the 9 (pursue) of regulatory T cell-centered therapeutics in areas like cancer, autoimmune disease and organ transplantation. There are currently more than 200 ongoing clinical trials 10 (base) on their research. 六、阅读理解（26-27高二上·河北石家庄·阶段检测）。 Imagine your immune system as a well-trained army. It fiercely attacks invading viruses and bacteria, yet it almost never turns its weapons against your own healthy cells. How does it tell friend from enemy? For decades this question puzzled biologists around the world, and the answer remained hidden. This breakthrough earned scientists the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The prize went to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for their discoveries of how the body keeps its powerful immune forces in check. Back in 1995, Sakaguchi identified a rare group of white blood cells called regulatory T cells （调节性T细胞）. These cells act like security guards posted throughout the body: rather than fighting invaders directly, they patrol the tissues and apply the “brakes” whenever the immune system turns too aggressive, stopping it from attacking the body’s own organs. Without these guards, the army would eventually turn on its own soldiers. Brunkow and Ramsdell later discovered a gene named FOXP3. Sakaguchi then unlocked the secret of how these guards are born: this gene serves as the master switch controlling the development of regulatory T cells. When this gene is damaged, the guards never develop properly, and the immune system loses its self-control, launching attacks against the body’s own organs — a severe condition known as IPEX that affects newborn babies. The discovery has opened promising medical doors. Understanding how the body distinguishes itself from outsiders helps doctors treat autoimmune diseases, in which the immune system mistakenly targets healthy tissue, including type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis. In cancer treatment, researchers now aim to “release the brakes”, weakening regulatory T cells so the immune system can recognize and destroy tumors. The same insight may also reduce organ rejection after transplants. Researchers note that the full medical potential of this work has yet to be realized, but early results are encouraging. 1．What role do regulatory T cells play? A．They regulate the immune system’s responses. B．They fight invading viruses and bacteria. C．They produce antibodies against diseases. D．They carry genes to newborn babies. 2．What happens when the FOXP3 gene is damaged? A．The immune system stops working entirely. B．Regulatory T cells grow too quickly. C．The body cannot fight any viruses. D．The immune system attacks its own organs. 3．Why do researchers want to “release the brakes” in cancer treatment? A．To strengthen the body’s security guards. B．To let the immune system fight tumors. C．To prevent organ rejection after transplants. D．To cure type 1 diabetes and arthritis. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．The discovery has already cured many diseases. B．Organ transplants are now unnecessary. C．The discovery has broad medical applications. D．Cancer will soon be completely cured. 七、七选五（2025·陕西西安·一模）。 Kindness May Keep You Healthy If you are driving in the United States, you may see a common bumper (汽车保险杠) sticker on passing vehicles that reads: 1 The saying is meant to urge people to behave in a gentle, caring, and helpful way towards others without thinking or planning ahead. Research shows that doing kind things can make us feel better. In one experiment, Brian Are, an anthropologist (人类学家) at Duke University, asked a group of people to perform three acts of generosity for other individuals each week. 2 The people who were caring, gentle and friendly towards others reported experiencing contentment, satisfaction and happiness. 3 Lyubomirsky studied a group of people with the disease Multiple Sclerosis (多发性硬化). She found that they felt better physically when helping others. Her research also pointed out that people showing kindness to others had less inflammation (炎症) in their bodies. And in other studies, Lyubomirsky said more anti-viral genes were found in people who extended a helping hand to other people. Other research has shown that many people prize kindness above other values. In one study, researchers gave people a list of values — such as kindness, creativity, ambition, tradition, security, seeking social justice, and seeking power. 4 “The basic reason why people are kind,” Oliver Curry, explained, the research director at Kind-lab that is a non-profit organization, “is that we are social animals. 5 ” In other words, we are designed to be kind. A．Acts of kindness are very powerful. B．Kindness is as much a part of us as our anger, grief or desire. C．However, being kind is not just emotionally beneficial. D．Perform random acts of kindness. E．The behavior could be small, like opening a door for someone. F．He found that being kind makes people feel better emotionally. G．When asked to pick the most important, kindness won. 八、完形填空（23-24高二下·浙江·期中）。 In my 40s, I received a call from my father. He’d been 1 an old shelf and accidentally discovered 2 from a great-great-uncle, Charles Kelley. They dated to 1922, when Charles was told that he had got Type 1 diabetes (糖尿病). At that time, the diagnosis was a deadly 3 . Somehow my uncle, an insurance man from Huron, South Dakota, made his way to the Mayo Hospital in Minnesota, where doctors were 4 a new drug. Charles was accepted as one of the guinea pigs. He noted down that each day’s injection (注射) cost him a small fortune, though luckily he could 5 it. By the time the University of Toronto team of doctors, who invented insulin (胰岛素), won a Nobel Prize in 1923, Uncle Charles had been back in Huron. The 6 gave him 20 more years of life. Undoubtedly, this family 7 was helpful to me. One day when I was in my 20s, I returned home from college, 8 , so I went to see my doctor. He called the next day to 9 me that I had Type 1 diabetes. It was a big 10 , totally out of the blue. There was no known history of diabetes in my family. For 20 years, I 11 my insulin and took care of myself, but still I felt orphaned because of my illness. I couldn’t explain why I had such kind of illness, the only one in my family. Charles’s story changed that 12 , which brought the once-hidden imperfection in my genes to 13 . Now I’m 14 for the mysteries they have solved — and for my uncle Charles’s late messages across generations that I wasn’t 15 . 1．A．setting up B．tidying up C．messing up D．taking up 2．A．books B．essays C．letters D．newspapers 3．A．accident B．decision C．virus D．sentence 4．A．testing B．checking C．introducing D．producing 5．A．make B．avoid C．afford D．fake 6．A．drug B．operation C．diagnosis D．trip 7．A．contact B．secret C．gene D．connection 8．A．refreshed B．exhausted C．excited D．frightened 9．A．remind B．promise C．convince D．inform 10．A．shock B．expectation C．relief D．confusion 11．A．swallowed B．invented C．injected D．selected 12．A．recently B．instantly C．barely D．partly 13．A．light B．market C．hospital D．life 14．A．fearful B．hopeful C．regretful D．grateful 15．A．sick B．useless C．alone D．afraid 九、阅读理解（2024新课标I卷）。 “I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine – combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” 1. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude. 2. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A. He was trained in it at university. B. He was inspired by another veterinarian. C. He benefited from it as a patient. D. He wanted to save money for pet owners. 3. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 4. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance. C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection. 十、七选五（2025全国II卷）. Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as a Family Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults? 1 . You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family. ●You’ll feel like you have more time. People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet, research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. 2 . ●You can live longer if you volunteer regularly. 3 . Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives. ● 4 . Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence. These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen’s well-being in the years to come. ●You’ll have more time with family. Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. 5 . Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way. And, there are tasks for every age and ability, so all your children can feel proud of their work. A. Helping the community lowers rates of depression. B. Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need. C. Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers. D. Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice. E. For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits. F. You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before. G. Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day. 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 分层作业 Unit3 Period 2 Grammar and usage 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 【答案】 1.withdraw into oneself 2.with an artificial hand 3.get dressed 4.a new robotic hand 5.hold on to small things 6.feel varying degrees of pressure 7.test out limits 8.be grateful for 9.It has been estimated that--- 10.better-quality artificial limbs 11.physically disabled people 12.overcome their disabilities 13.conventional artificial limbs. 14.be made of wood and leathe 15.perform much more complex tasks 16.feed---back into 17.sensory information 18.be equipped with 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 【答案】 1.withdraw 2.equipped 3.artificial intelligence / AI 4.rubber 5.outgoing 6.grateful 7.disabled 8.disability 9.conventional 10.leather 11.sensory 12.patent 三、单句语法填空。 【答案】 1.withdrawal 2.equipped 3.artificial 4.convention 5.sensory 6.disabled 7.gratitude 8.outgoingness 9.equipment 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 【答案】 1.lost my right hand;withdraw into myself 2.was equipped with; feel like part of me 3.More amazingly; is capable of feeling 4.In addition; with special rubber used on the outside 5.can I do more; become more confident and outgoing 6.am so grateful for; has opened up 7.these physically disabled people; lead a normal life again 8.in robotic technology; perform much more complex tasks 9.a much wider range of movements; feed sensory information back into 10.Hopefully; in need of robotic limbs; enjoy ahigher quality of life 五、语法填空（25-26高二上·湖北·期中）。 【答案】 108．to 109．the 110．wealthy 111．were convinced 112．potentially 113．which 114．strengthening 115．have laid 116．pursuit 117．based 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了2025年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的获奖情况——卡罗林斯卡学院诺贝尔奖委员会宣布该奖项授予玛丽·E·布伦科、弗雷德·拉姆斯德尔和下口绅司，以表彰他们在外周免疫耐受领域的开创性研究。 【详解】 1．考查介词。句意：卡罗林斯卡学院诺贝尔奖委员会周一宣布，2025年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予玛丽·E·布伦科、弗雷德·拉姆斯德尔和下口绅司，以表彰他们在外周免疫耐受领域的开创性研究。“be awarded to sb.”是固定搭配，意为“被授予某人”，此处表示奖项授予的对象。故填to。 2．考查冠词。句意：诺贝尔奖是根据瑞典炸药发明家、富商阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔的遗嘱设立的。“the will of sb.”表示“某人的遗嘱”，此处特指阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔的遗嘱，应用定冠词the。故填the。 3．考查形容词。句意：诺贝尔奖是根据瑞典炸药发明家、富商阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔的遗嘱设立的。此处需要形容词修饰名词businessman，wealth的形容词形式是wealthy，意为“富有的”。故填wealthy。 4．考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：当时，许多研究人员认为免疫耐受仅源于潜在有害的免疫细胞。主语many researchers与convince之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“At the time”（当时，指1995年前后）可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，结构为were + 过去分词。故填were convinced。 5．考查副词。句意：当时，许多研究人员认为免疫耐受仅源于潜在有害的免疫细胞。此处需要副词修饰形容词harmful，potential的副词形式是potentially，意为“潜在地”。故填potentially。 6．考查定语从句。句意：下口绅司发现了一类此前未知的免疫细胞，这类细胞能保护身体免受自身免疫疾病的侵害。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是immune cells，指物且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，布伦科和拉姆斯德尔发现了与IPEX等自身免疫疾病相关的Foxp3基因变异，强化了免疫调节的分子基础。句子主语Brunkow and Ramsdell与strengthen之间是主动关系，此处用现在分词作结果状语，表自然而然的结果。故填strengthening。 8．考查现在完成时。句意：在过去几年里，他们的发现为一个新的研究领域奠定了基础，并推动了以调节性T细胞为核心的疗法在癌症、自身免疫疾病和器官移植等领域的研究。根据时间状语“Over the past few years”可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语their discoveries是复数，结构为have + 过去分词，lay的过去分词是laid。故填have laid。 9．考查名词。句意：在过去几年里，他们的发现为一个新的研究领域奠定了基础，并推动了以调节性T细胞为核心的疗法在癌症、自身免疫疾病和器官移植等领域的研究。定冠词the后接名词，pursue的名词形式是pursuit，此处表示“对……的追求/研究”，为不可数名词作宾语。故填pursuit。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：目前，基于他们研究的正在进行的临床试验有200多项。trials与base之间是被动关系，“be based on”表示“基于……”，此处用过去分词作后置定语，省略be动词。故填based。 六、阅读理解（26-27高二上·河北石家庄·阶段检测）。 【答案】5．A 6．D 7．B 8．C 【导语】文章主要介绍三位科学家因发现调节性T细胞获2025诺贝尔生理学或医学奖及其医学价值。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“These cells act like security guards posted throughout the body: rather than fighting invaders directly, they patrol the tissues and apply the “brakes” whenever the immune system turns too aggressive, stopping it from attacking the body’s own organs.(这些细胞就像遍布全身的安保人员：它们不直接对抗入侵者，而是在组织中巡查，当免疫系统变得过于活跃时就踩下“刹车”，阻止它攻击人体自身器官。)” 可知，调节性T细胞的作用是调控免疫系统的反应。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When this gene is damaged, the guards never develop properly, and the immune system loses its self-control, launching attacks against the body’s own organs — a severe condition known as IPEX that affects newborn babies.(当这个基因受损时，这些安保细胞无法正常发育，免疫系统失去自控能力，开始攻击人体自身器官——这就是会侵害新生儿的严重疾病IPEX。)” 可知，FOXP3基因受损时，免疫系统会攻击自身器官。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In cancer treatment, researchers now aim to “release the brakes”, weakening regulatory T cells so the immune system can recognize and destroy tumors.(在癌症治疗中，研究人员的目标是“松开刹车”，削弱调节性T细胞，这样免疫系统就可以识别并摧毁肿瘤。)” 可知，研究人员想要“松开刹车”是为了让免疫系统对抗肿瘤。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Understanding how the body distinguishes itself from outsiders helps doctors treat autoimmune diseases, in which the immune system mistakenly targets healthy tissue, including type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis. In cancer treatment, researchers now aim to “release the brakes”, weakening regulatory T cells so the immune system can recognize and destroy tumors. The same insight may also reduce organ rejection after transplants.(弄清楚人体如何区分自身组织和外来异物，有助于医生治疗自身免疫病。患上这类疾病时，免疫系统会错误攻击健康组织，一型糖尿病、类风湿关节炎都属于此类。在癌症治疗领域，研究人员如今的目标是 “解除抑制”：削弱调节性 T 细胞，让免疫系统能够识别并摧毁肿瘤。这同一研究思路还有望降低器官移植后的排异反应。)” 可知，该发现可以用于自身免疫病、癌症、器官移植等多个领域，拥有广泛的医学应用前景。 七、七选五（2025·陕西西安·一模）。 【答案】1．D 2．E 3．C 4．G 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了善良和友好对健康的益处。研究表明，对他人的关心和善意可以带来情感上的满足和幸福感，同时也可以减少身体炎症和增强免疫系统。此外，善良是人类社会性本能的表现之一。文章呼吁人们在生活中多表现出善良和友好。 【详解】 1．根据后文“The saying is meant to urge people to behave in a gentle, caring, and helpful way towards others without thinking or planning ahead.(这句话的意思是敦促人们在不考虑或事先计划的情况下，以温柔、关心和帮助的方式对待他人)”可知，此处解释了汽车保险杠上贴纸的内容：敦促人们在不考虑或事先计划的情况下，以温柔、关心和帮助的方式对待他人。D选项“随意做一些善意的事情”概括后文的内容，指出要以温柔、关心和帮助的方式对待他人，与下文形成呼应。故选D。 2．根据上文“Research shows that doing kind things can make us feel better. In one experiment, Brian Are, an anthropologist (人类学家) at Duke University, asked a group of people to perform three acts of generosity for other individuals each week.(研究表明，做好事可以让我们感觉更好。在一项实验中，杜克大学的人类学家Brian Are要求一组人每周为他人做三件慷慨的事)”可知，上文提到要求做三件慷慨的事，推测本句承接上文，说明三件事的特点，故E选项“这种行为可能很小，比如为别人开门”符合语境，故选E。 3．根据上一段最后一句“The people who were caring, gentle and friendly towards others reported experiencing contentment, satisfaction and happiness.(那些对别人关心、温柔、友好的人报告说他们感到满足、满意和幸福)”以及后文“Lyubomirsky studied a group of people with the disease Multiple Sclerosis(多发性硬化). She found that they felt better physically when helping others. Her research also pointed out that people showing kindness to others had less inflammation (炎症) in their bodies. And in other studies, Lyubomirsky said more anti-viral genes were found in people who extended a helping hand to other people.(柳博米尔斯基研究了一组患有多发性硬化症的人。她发现当他们帮助别人时，他们的身体感觉更好。她的研究还指出，对他人友善的人体内的炎症更少。在其他研究中，柳博米尔斯基说，在向别人伸出援助之手的人身上发现了更多的抗病毒基因)”可知，上文提到了善良对情感的好处，而本段主要说明了善良对身体的好处，故本句与上文构成转折关系，故C选项“然而，善良不仅仅在情感上有益”符合语境，起到承上启下的作用，故选C。 4．根据上文“Other research has shown that many people prize kindness above other values. In one study, researchers gave people a list of values — such as kindness, creativity, ambition, tradition, security, seeking social justice, and seeking power.(其他研究表明，许多人认为善良高于其他价值观。在一项研究中，研究人员给人们列出了一系列价值观，比如善良、创造力、雄心、传统、安全感、追求社会正义和追求权力)”可知，研究表明，许多人认为善良高于其他价值观，并介绍了一项研究中，研究人员给人们列出了一系列价值观，由此可推知，在众多的价值观中，许多人认为善良比其他价值观重要；G选项“当被要求选出最重要的东西时，善良胜出”符合语境，故选G。 5．根据上文““The basic reason why people are kind,” Oliver Curry, explained, the research director at Kind-lab that is a non-profit organization, “is that we are social animals.(非营利组织kind-lab的研究主任奥利弗·库里解释说：‘人们善良的基本原因是，我们是社会性动物。’)”以及后文“In other words, we are designed to be kind.(换句话说，我们生来就是善良的)”可知，后文提到我们生来善良，推测本句是在说明善良是人类的天性，故B选项“善良是我们的一部分，就像我们的愤怒、悲伤和欲望一样”符合语境，故选B。 八、完形填空（23-24高二下·浙江·期中）。 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．B 9．D 10．A 11．C 12．B 13．A 14．D 15．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者患有糖尿病，原以为家族中他是唯一得这种病的人，认为自己和这个家族没有血缘关系，后来发现自己的曾叔祖父也患有同一种病，这才明白了自己的病也是家族遗传。 【详解】 1．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他在整理一个旧书架时，意外地发现了他的曾叔祖父Charles Kelley的信件。A. setting up设置；B. tidying up整理；C. messing up弄乱；D. taking up拿起，占用。根据后文“an old shelf and accidentally discovered ____2____ from a great-great-uncle”可知，作者父亲在整理一个旧书架时，有所发现。故选B项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. books书籍；B. essays论文；C. letters信件；D. newspapers报纸。根据后文“They dated to 1922, when Charles was told that he had got Type 1 diabetes (糖尿病).”可知，在整理书架时，发现了当时的信件，有医院的诊断书。故选C项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在当时，这个诊断是一个致命的宣判。A. accident事故；B. decision决定；C. virus病毒；D. sentence宣判，判决。根据常识和前文“he had got Type 1 diabetes (糖尿病)”可知，当时，糖尿病是致命性疾病，得了糖尿病就像是判了死刑。故选D项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不知怎么的，我的叔祖，一个来自南达科他州休伦的保险公司的人，来到了明尼苏达州的梅奥医院，那里的医生正在测试一种新药。A. testing测试；B. checking检查；C. introducing介绍；D. producing生产。根据后文“Charles was accepted as one of the guinea pigs.”可知，医生正在测试一种新药。故选A项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他记着，每天打针都要花一笔钱，不过幸运的是，他负担得起。A. make制造；B. avoid避免；C. afford支付得起；D. fake伪造。根据前文“He noted down that each day’s injection (注射) cost him a small fortune, though luckily”可知，每天打针都要花一笔钱，幸运的是，他负担得起药费。故选C项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种药使他多活了20年。A. drug药物；B. operation手术；C. diagnosis诊断；D. trip旅行。根据前文“ By the time the University of Toronto team of doctors, who invented insulin (胰岛素), won a Nobel Prize in 1923,”可知，胰岛素这种药使他多活了很久。故选A项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问，这个家族秘密对我很有帮助。A. contact联系，接触；B. secret秘密；C. gene基因；D. connection连接，联系。根据后文“Charles’s story changed that ____12____, which brought the once-hidden imperfection in my genes to ____13____.”可知，作者原来并不知道祖辈中也有人得这种病，所以就像是家族秘密。故选B项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我20多岁的时候，有一天，我从大学回到家，筋疲力尽，所以我去看医生。A. refreshed神清气爽的；B. exhausted筋疲力尽的；C. excited激动的；D. frightened害怕的。根据后文“so I went to see my doctor”以及“I had Type 1 diabetes”可知，作者筋疲力尽，有易疲劳的症状，所以去看医生，结果被诊断患有糖尿病。故选B项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天他打电话告诉我，我得了1型糖尿病。A. remind提醒；B. promise承诺；C. convince说服；D. inform告知。根据后文“that I had Type 1 diabetes”可知，医生打电话告知作者得了糖尿病。故选D项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个很大的打击，完全出乎意料。A. shock震惊，（身心受到）打击；B. expectation期望；C. relief宽慰；D. confusion困惑，混淆。根据前文“that I had Type 1 diabetes”和后文“totally out of the blue”可知，患糖尿病对作者来说是个打击。故选A项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：20年来，我一直在注射胰岛素，照顾自己，但因为我的疾病，我仍然觉得自己是孤儿。A. swallowed吞咽；B. invented发明；C. injected注射；D. selected选择，挑选。根据前文“each day’s injection (注射) cost him a small fortune”和后文“my insulin”可知，作者一直在注射胰岛素。故选C项。 12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Charles的故事立刻改变了我的想法，让我基因中曾经隐藏的缺陷暴露出来。A. recently最近；B. instantly立刻；C. barely仅仅，几乎没有；D. partly部分地，一定程度上。根据语境和前文“I couldn’t explain why I had such kind of illness, the only one in my family.”可知，作者不知道自己为什么得这种病，认为自己是孤儿，和这个家族没有血缘关系，当知道曾祖辈中有人的这种病时，恍然大悟，立刻改变了这种想法。故选B项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. light光，曝光；B. market市场；C. hospital医院；D. life生活，生命。根据常识和前文“Charles’s story changed that ____12____, which brought the once-hidden imperfection in my genes”和后文“for the mysteries they have solved”可知，Charles的病例改变了作者的想法，让作者基因中曾经隐藏的缺陷暴露出来，把得病的原因弄清楚了。bring…to light“使……曝光”是固定短语。故选A项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，我很感激他们解开的谜团，也很感激Charles叔叔在去世后代代相传的信息：我并不孤单。A. fearful恐惧的；B. hopeful充满希望的；C. regretful遗憾的，后悔的；D. grateful感激的。根据语境和后文“for the mysteries they have solved — and for my uncle Charles’s late messages across generations”可知，作者很感激查尔斯留下的信息帮助自己解开谜团。故选D项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. sick生病的；B. useless无用的；C. alone单独的，惟一的；D. afraid害怕的。根据倒数第二段中“There was no known history of diabetes in my family.”和前文“and for my uncle Charles’s late messages across generations”可知，作者原以为他们家族没有人得这种病，后来了解到曾祖辈也有这种病，意识到自己并不是家族中唯一患这种病的。故选C项。 九、阅读理解（2024新课标I卷）。 【答案】1.A 2.C 3.D 4.A 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主题语境为“人与社会——医学进展与动物治疗”。文章通过兽医William Farber博士的个人经历，介绍了“整体医学”（holistic medicine）在动物治疗领域的应用与成效。Farber最初是一名传统兽医，因自身背痛而接触并受益于针灸，随后将这一古老中医疗法引入宠物治疗，取得了包括缓解心脏病犬只痛苦、改善马匹运动能力等实际效果。尽管同行起初不解甚至嘲笑，但行业数据的增长（协会会员从30人增至700余人）表明这一方法正逐渐获得认可。 【详解】 1 推理判断题。 根据第一段“even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods”（连他的一些同事也偶尔嘲笑他不寻常的方法）可知，同事们认为他的方法“unusual”，即不寻常、古怪。A项“He’s odd”（他很奇怪）与此对应。Farber本人说“I am not crazy”以及“If he seems a little defensive”也暗示了他因方法另类而受到质疑。 2. 细节理解题。 根据第二段，Farber 20年前饱受背痛折磨，尝试肌肉松弛药物效果不佳，随后尝试针灸，“was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments”（惊讶地发现两三次治疗后病情好转）。正因为他自己作为患者亲身体验到了针灸的疗效，才决定将这一技术应用于他的动物患者。C项准确概括了这一因果逻辑。 3. 段落主旨题。 第三段举了两个具体案例：Leigh Tindale的狗Charlie患有严重心脏病，在Farber的治疗下多活了五个月；Priscilla Dewing的马Nappy在接受按摩调整后“行动更轻松、骑乘更舒适”。这两个例子共同说明的是整体医学疗法确实有效，D项“The effectiveness of holistic medicine”准确概括了段落主旨。C项“rare animal diseases”（罕见动物疾病）与文意不符，文中提到的并非罕见病。 4. 推理判断题（写作意图题）。 第四段首句Farber表示“整体医学方法会越来越受欢迎”，随后作者引用数据：自1982年以来，美国整体兽医医学协会的会员从30人增长到700多人。这一数据的增长恰好印证了Farber的判断是正确的，即他的观点（holistic approach will grow more popular）得到了事实支撑。A项“To prove Farber’s point”准确点明了作者的写作意图。 十、七选五（2025全国II卷）. 【答案】 1. B 2. G 3. E 4. C 5. F 【导语】 本文围绕“家庭志愿服务”展开，从时间感知、身体健康、对青少年的长期影响、家庭关系四个维度，逐一说明志愿活动给家庭带来的“意外好处”。文章结构清晰，每段以小标题统领，辅以研究数据或具体描述支撑观点，选项与段落主旨的匹配度较高，重点考查考生对段落主旨、上下文逻辑衔接以及代词指代关系的理解能力。 【详解】 1. 答案 B。逻辑衔接题。 空前用两个问句提出需求：“你在寻找让家人团聚的方式吗？希望找到大人小孩都能共享的爱好吗？”空后说“你可能知道帮助他人带来的‘感觉良好’情绪，但志愿服务还有更多意想不到的好处”。B项“家庭志愿服务可能正是你需要的”直接回应前文的两个问句，同时引出下文对“好处”的展开，形成“提问—建议—展开”的逻辑链。 2. 答案 G。段内支撑题。 本段小标题是“你会感觉拥有更多时间”，空前说研究发现“把时间贡献给社区事业实际上会让你感觉拥有更多时间”。G项“志愿服务让你感到有能力，并激励你充分利用每一天”解释了为什么会有“时间更多”的感觉——因为志愿服务带来积极感受，从而激励人珍惜和高效利用时间。G项中的“make the most of each day”与“more time”形成语义呼应。 3. 答案 E。段落主旨概括题。 空处位于段首，后文紧接着引用华盛顿大学的研究：55岁及以上的志愿者记忆力更好、整体健康维持更久。E项“对成年人来说，志愿服务能带来显著的身体健康益处”概括了本段的核心内容，且“adults”“physical health benefits”与后文的“adults 55 and older”“better memory”“overall health”形成关键词呼应。 4. 答案 C。小标题概括题。 空处是本段的小标题。后文指出“青少年时期做志愿服务与成绩提升、自信心增强等积极影响相关，这些影响不仅仅是短期的，还被证明会影响青少年未来几年的福祉”。C项“志愿服务对儿童和青少年有终身影响”既点明了对象（kids and teenagers），又与后文的“not just short-term”“in the years to come”形成语义对应，精准概括段落主旨。 5. 答案 F。语境衔接题。 空前说“一起做志愿服务的家庭有朝着共同目标努力的独特体验”，空后说“每个人都带来独特的东西，并能以新的方式相互联系”。F项“你甚至可能发现你的孩子有你以前不知道的天赋”是“独特体验”的具体表现，与空后的“something unique”“connect in a new way”形成逻辑呼应，说明家庭志愿服务中可能出现的意外发现。 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $