精品解析：上海市青浦高级中学2026-2027学年高一上学期期中英语试题

2026学年第一学期期中考试 高一年级英语试卷 （考试时间120分钟，满分150分） 2026.11 I. Listening Comprehension Section A （每小题1分，共10分） Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. To the bank. B. To the grocery store. C. To the drugstore. D. To the barbershop. 2. A. Washing the dishes. B. Taking out the rubbish. C. Doing some ironing. D. Preparing for dinner. 3. A. It is affordable for every family. B. It is popular for its free delivery. C. It can be bought online only. D. It is highly spoken of among users. 4. A. He is in urgent need of a talk. B. He is fully occupied right now. C. He runs a lab in the middle of the city. D. He is doing an experiment at the moment. 5. A. They are a family without kids. B. They adopted children from Africa. C. They have many African friends. D. They make donations to help children. 6. A. She must have paid much for the course. B. She is too lazy to keep good figure. C. She’s got good results from her hard work. D. She doesn’t need to take the course. 7. A. The man is not suitable for the position. B. The job has been given to someone else. C. She had received only one application letter. D. The application arrived earlier than expected. 8. A. Hang out with friends. B. Go to a movie. C. Hike in the woods. D. Prepare for exams. 9. A. The beginning is truly dissatisfactory. B. The end of the book is disappointing. C. Looking into the future is its selling point. D. It is good in spite of the scary part. 10. A. He will purchase surgical masks. B. He insists on buying N95 masks. C. He will go to another drugstore. D. He supports the medical workers. Section B （每小题1分，共15分） Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. You are trying to actively recall the information. B. You may think that you already know the information. C. You may lose your sense of speed and fluency. D. You are spending too much time memorizing the information. 12. A. Because students may have a false sense of understanding. B. Because students may miss some important information. C. Because students may highlight unimportant details. D. Because students may not understand the higher-level concepts. 13. A. Organize study groups. B. Practice on old exams. C. Read through the exam paper. D. Explain concepts to others. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Buying fewer clothes. B. Renting clothes. C. Buying second-hand clothes. D. Tailoring clothes. 15. A. Young people can’t afford to buy many new clothes. B. It is easy to buy and sell second-hand clothing online. C. People are more aware of the destructive impact of fast fashion. D. Organic and recycled materials are more widely used. 16. A. Development in technology transforms the fashion industry. B. Consumers change purchasing habits in response to rising prices. C. Second-hand clothing helps reducing fashion footprint. D. Fast fashion does great harm to environment. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Receptionist and guest. B. Colleagues. C. Classmates. D. Waiter and diner. 18. A. To open new markets. B. To accept an award. C. To attend a conference. D. To negotiate contracts. 19. A. Using your chopsticks to pass food to others. B. Refilling the glasses of people seated beside you. C. Tipping the waiters for their good service. D. Offering to split the cost with the host. 20. A. They empty their glasses. B. They put the glasses aside. C. They tell the host directly. D. They leave their glasses full. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A （每小题1分，共20分） Directions: Choose the best answer. 1. The researcher predicted that the region ______ a sharp rise in temperature within five years if greenhouse gas emissions kept increasing. A. witnessed B. would witness C. had witnessed D. was witnessing 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：研究人员预测，如果温室气体排放量继续增加，该地区将在五年内见证气温的急剧上升。主句谓语动词predicted为一般过去时，宾语从句表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作，且带有时间状语within five years，故从句应使用过去将来时，其结构为“would+动词原形”。 2. In the past two decades, mankind ______ amazing progress in space technology and launched dozens of probes to explore distant planets. A. made B. would make C. has made D. had made 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：在过去的二十年里，人类在空间技术方面取得了惊人的进步，并发射了数十个探测器去探索遥远的行星。make(取得)是谓语动词，与主语mankind之间是主动关系，结合时间状语“In the past two decades”可知，描述从过去持续到现在的动词，需使用现在完成时，主语mankind是不可数名词，谓语用单数has made。 3. When living in the dormitory, he ________ about small inconveniences in daily life, which makes it hard for him to get along well with his roommates. A. always complained B. has always complained C. always complains D. is always complaining 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：住在宿舍时，他总是抱怨日常生活中的小不便，这使得他很难和室友和睦相处。根据非限制性定语从句中的谓语动词“makes”可知，句子描述的是现在的状况，需使用现在时态，结合“makes it hard for him to get along well with his roommates”可知，应将副词always与现在进行时连用，表示某动作频繁发生，传达不满、厌烦等强烈的感情色彩。 4. Before the international forum began, many scholars ________ essays discussing challenges brought by rapid urbanization in developing nations. A. had submitted B. submitted C. would submit D. were examining 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：在国际论坛开始之前，许多学者已经提交了探讨发展中国家快速城市化所带来挑战的论文。submit(提交)是主句谓语动词，与主语many scholars之间是主动关系，且时间状语从句“Before the international forum began”使用的是一般过去时，主句动作发生在其之前，即“过去的过去”，需使用过去完成时had submitted。 5. Currently, the local government ________ new policies to preserve old streets and maintain the unique cultural features of this city. A. carried out B. is carrying out C. will carry out D. has carried out 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：目前，当地政府正在实施新的政策，以保护古老的街道并保持这座城市独特的文化特色。根据句中时间状语Currently可知，句子应使用现在进行时，表示现阶段正在进行的动作。 6. Throughout the approaching summer vacation, these volunteers ________ engaging lessons about art and history to unattended children in the remote mountainous areas. A. are giving B. were giving C. will be giving D. have been giving 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：在即将到来的整个暑假期间，这些志愿者将给偏远山区无人看管的孩子们上关于艺术和历史的有趣课程。根据句中的时间状语“Throughout the approaching summer vacation（在即将到来的整个暑假期间）”可知，该动作将在未来的一段持续时间内一直进行，因此需要使用将来进行时（will be doing）。 7. I am convinced that by the time you finish your four-year college study, you ________ critical thinking skills and rich knowledge of social sciences. A. would acquire B. will have acquired C. would have acquired D. had acquired 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：我确信，到你完成四年大学学业的时候，你将已经获得了批判性思维能力和丰富的社会科学知识。句中包含由by the time引导的时间状语从句，从句谓语动词finish使用一般现在时表示将来，主句通常使用将来完成时，表示在将来某个时间点之前已经完成的动作。 8. The explorers ________ plant samples in the valley when an unexpected downpour interrupted their whole exploration work. A. would have recorded B. had been recording C. were recording D. have recorded 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：探险者们正在山谷里记录植物样本，这时一场突如其来的倾盆大雨打断了他们整个的探险工作。结合后面的“when an unexpected downpour interrupted their whole exploration work”可知，本句应用固定句型was/were doing sth. when...，意为“正在做某事，这时突然发生另一件事”，主句表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，需用过去进行时，when引导的时间状语从句表示突然发生的动作，用一般过去时。 9. The conservation group ________ members come from different walks of life has carried out regular surveys on endangered wildlife in this basin. A. where B. whom C. which D. whose 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：这个成员来自各行各业的保护组织已经对该盆地的濒危野生动物进行了定期调查。空格处引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词The conservation group。从句中主语members前缺少定语，且先行词The conservation group与members之间为所属关系，即“保护组织的成员”，因此应用关系代词whose引导该定语从句。 10. Everything ________ the volunteers have done helps preserve the ancient architecture and pass down precious local cultural heritage. A. which B. that C. where D. why 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：志愿者们所做的一切有助于保护古建筑并传承珍贵的当地文化遗产。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Everything，且在从句中作动词done的宾语，需用关系代词，Everything为不定代词，关系代词只能用that。 11. The reason ________ many local residents oppose the project is that it may destroy the wetland where rare water birds live. A. for what B. which C. for which D. that 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：许多当地居民反对这个项目的原因是它可能会破坏珍稀水鸟栖息的湿地。先行词为the reason，在从句中作原因状语，for which在从句中作原因状语，等同于关系副词why，for the reason“因为某种原因”固定短语。 12. The regional government has banned the random dumping of industrial waste, ________ will effectively protect the aquatic ecosystem of the local river. A. it B. that C. as D. which 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：当地政府已经禁止随意倾倒工业废弃物，这将有效地保护当地河流的水生生态系统。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个主句。关系代词在从句中作主语，指代前面整个事件，只能使用which。 13. This is so challenging a task ________ only those with rich field experience can accomplish within the limited time. A. as B. that C. which D. where 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：这是一项如此具有挑战性的任务，只有那些具有丰富实地经验的人才能在有限的时间内完成。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词task，且在从句中作动词accomplish的宾语，先行词被so修饰时，定语从句通常由关系代词as引导，构成so...as...结构。 14. We talked about the scientists and their achievements ________ attracted worldwide attention at the international environmental conference. A. who B. that C. as D. which 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：在国际环境会议上，我们谈论了引起全世界关注的科学家及其成就。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the scientists and their achievements，在从句中作主语，既包含人又包含物，关系代词只能使用that。 15. Many people who pursue instant gratification often ignore the long-term goals that can bring them lasting happiness and growth. A. SVP B. SVO C. SVOO D. SVOC 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：许多追求即时满足的人往往忽视了能给他们带来持久幸福和成长的长期目标。A. SVP主系表；B. SVO主谓宾；C. SVOO主谓双宾；D. SVOC主谓宾补。Many people(后接who引导的定语从句修饰)作主语，ignore作谓语，the long-term goals(后接that引导的定语从句修饰)作宾语，符合主谓宾句型的结构特征。 16. Positive books and meaningful activities encourage teenagers to develop a rational attitude towards complicated social phenomena. A. SVP B. SVO C. SVOO D. SVOC 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：积极的书籍和有意义的活动鼓励青少年对复杂的社会现象形成理性的态度。名词短语Positive books and meaningful activities为主语，动词encourage为谓语，名词teenagers为宾语，不定式短语to develop a rational attitude towards complicated social phenomena为宾语补足语，该句属于“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。 17. In addition to knowledge, we should also ______ some good qualities from our daily social practice. A. acquire B. achieve C. admit D. adopt 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：除了知识，我们还应该从日常社会实践中获得一些良好的品质。A. acquire获得；B. achieve实现；C. admit承认；D. adopt采用。结合空后的“some good qualities from our daily social practice”可知，acquire“获得”最符合题意，表示从社会实践中“获得”良好的品质。 18. Many students can't ______ the new rules, so the teacher tries every means to help them get used to school life. A. attend to B. appeal to C. adapt to D. apply for 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：许多学生不能适应新规则，所以老师想尽办法帮助他们习惯学校生活。A.attend to处理；照料；B. appeal to吸引；呼吁；C. adapt to适应；D. apply for申请。根据“help them get used to school life可知，许多学生不能适应新规则。 19. It is wrong to ______ all environmental problems on rapid economic development, for human awareness also matters a lot. A. ban B. blame C. benefit D. boost 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：把所有的环境问题都归咎于快速的经济发展是错误的，因为人类的意识也非常重要。A. ban禁止；B. blame责备；C. benefit受益；D. boost促进。根据“all environmental problems on rapid economic development, for human awareness also matters a lot.”可知，把所有的环境问题都归咎于快速的经济发展是错误的。固定搭配blame... on...，意为“把……归咎于……”，符合语境。 20. Many experts believe that frequent extreme weather may ______ serious risks to local agricultural production in the near future. A. bring about B. bring up C. bring out D. bring in 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：许多专家认为，频繁的极端天气在不久的将来可能会给当地农业生产带来严重的风险。A. bring about引起，导致；B. bring up抚养，提出；C. bring out出版，使显现；D. bring in引进，赚得。极端天气会导致严重的风险。 Section B （每小题1分，共10分） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Hard Costs of Easy A’s In recent years, Canadian students have been receiving more A’s, while F’s have become increasingly rare. This trend may delight parents and students. However, there is a problem: Grades are losing their value. This is called grade inflation (成绩膨胀). The practice of ____21____ (award) higher grades for the same level of performance is particularly worrying in high school. Inflated marks make ____22____ harder for universities to distinguish between applicants. As a result, university admissions are getting more difficult. The trend has been fueled by good intentions. Over the long term, though, easy grading isn’t doing students any favors. The numbers tell a stark story. ____23____ average grade of high school students who entered the University of Toronto in 2006 was 83.9%. By 2023, it ____24____ (rise) to 90.2%. At the University of Waterloo, only 4.9% of new students had a 95% average or higher in 2006. By 2021, that figure had jumped to 42.4%. Though it fell to 32.7% in 2023, it remains far above pre-pandemic levels. Could this reflect real academic improvement? Sadly, no. Canadian students’ performance in international math and reading tests has decreased significantly over recent decades. ____25____ Paul W. Bennett puts it, “Marks have gone through the roof” with little or no connection to actual achievement. Teachers have plenty of reasons to give higher grades. Parents put a lot of pressure on teachers because they want their children to get into competitive university programs. Teachers who refuse to raise grades____26____ face pushback from school administrators, who want more students to graduate and get into good schools. Some schools have “no-fail policies.” ____27____ these rules help students move forward with their peers, they have downsides too. When low-performing students are pushed ahead with inflated grades, they often end up falling further behind. Some find that they are unprepared for higher education when they get there. There can also be real-life consequences down the road. Students who have coasted through (蒙混过关) their school years ____28____ much effort may be unprepared for the demands of the workplace. Because more students graduate, now a high school diploma ____29____ (see) as a basic requirement. This leads to “credential inflation (学历膨胀),” as employers demand more qualifications. Some students who might be_____30_____ (well) suited for technical work or other options are pushed into university instead. This mismatch benefits no one. 【答案】21. awarding 22. it 23. The 24. had risen 25. As 26. may##might 27. Although##Though##While 28. without 29. is seen 30. better 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍加拿大出现成绩膨胀现象，分析该现象的成因以及它给学生升学、就业带来的诸多负面影响。 【21题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：同等学业水平却给到更高分数，这种做法在高中尤其令人担忧。空格前是介词 of，介词后接动名词作宾语，award 的动名词形式为 awarding。 【22题详解】 考查形式宾语。句意：虚高的分数让大学很难区分申请者。本句使用固定结构“make it + adj. + for sb. to do sth.”，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面不定式 to distinguish between applicants。 【23题详解】 考查冠词。句意：2006 年进入多伦多大学的高中生平均分数是 83.9%。“the average of…” 为固定搭配，表示“……的平均值”，表特指，用定冠词The。 【24题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：到 2023 年，这个数值已经上涨到 90.2%。“by +过去时间点”是过去完成时标志，表示在该过去时间之前动作已经完成，用过去完成时，rise的过去分词是 risen。 【25题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：正如保罗·W·贝内特所说，“分数暴涨”，但和真实学业水平几乎没有关联。空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句，置句首，表示“正如；如同”，用关系代词as，“As sb. puts it”是固定句式，意为“正如某人所说”。 【26题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：拒绝提分的老师可能会受到校方管理者的反对，管理者希望更多学生毕业、进入好学校。本句表示一种可能性，空处是原形动词，用情态动词，may/might 意为“可能，也许”，侧重一种现实当中存在的可能性，语气委婉，符合语境。 【27题详解】 考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管这些规定可以帮助学生跟同龄人同步升学，但它们也存在弊端。前后分句为让步关系，although/though/while表示“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句。首字母大写。 【28题详解】 考查介词。句意：读书期间不用怎么努力就蒙混过关的学生，可能无法应对职场的要求。without much effort 表示“没有付出很多努力”，without意为“没有”，符合语境。 【29题详解】 考查动词时态语态。句意：因为更多学生顺利毕业，现在高中文凭被视作一项基本门槛。主语a high school diploma和see之间是被动关系，由now可知用一般现在时，单数主语，谓语动词用单数。 【30题详解】 考查副词比较级。句意：有些本来更适合技术类工作或者其他选择的学生，反而被推着去读大学。空格后有比较的暗含含义，well 的比较级 better，be better suited for 表示“更适合……”。 42. Section C （每小题1分，共10分） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. exploring B. meet C. passive D. distinguishes E. sticking F. assigns G. pursue H. fascinating I. take J. advocate K. contentment The Key to a Satisfying Life Nearly 90% of Americans, according to one recent survey, have a hobby. But a majority of them spend less than five hours per week pursuing hobbies. Meanwhile, the latest statistics show that they spend more than two hours per day on social media, while TV and other screen-based entertainments also ____31____ up much of their leisure time. There’s nothing wrong with a little screen-based relaxation. But experts who study hobbies tend to distinguish them from ____32____ leisure pursuits like TV viewing and social-media scrolling. This distinction between hobbies and passive leisure is important because, according to research, true hobbies are a vital component of a healthy and satisfying life. “Hobbies involve learning and developing new skills,” says Daisy Fancourt, an expert in psychobiology. “They provide a sense of accumulation (积累) and growth — of stretching ourselves to improve or to ____33____ new goals — and that can help us fulfill our needs for meaning and purpose.” A lot of research on well-being ____34____ between “hedonic” and “eudaimonic” forms of happiness. Hedonic well-being often stems from minor and fleeting (短暂的) pleasures, such as the enjoyment people get from eating delicious food; eudaimonic pleasures refer to experiences that provide a deeper, more profound sense of accomplishment or ____35____. Hobbies seem to scratch this eudaimonic itch. “They support the more authentic (真实的) dimensions of life and create conditions for self-actualization,” says Yazdan Mansourian, a leisure researcher in Australia. “People are not only doing what they enjoy, but becoming who they really want to be.” While many of us recognize the benefits of hobbies and are willing to devote time to them, a common problem remains: finding a hobby that you actually want to ____36____. While she’s an enthusiastic ____37____ of art-based hobbies, Fancourt suggests people should keep an open mind about what might click. “You can start by trying lots of new art experiences,” she says. You could take some painting or dance classes, for example, or learn to play an instrument. “You don’t know if you’ll like it until you try it.” Whatever new hobby you decide to pursue, Fancourt recommends ____38____ with it for at least 10 to 12 weeks. “If you stay with it for a few months, that often changes the experience so that you feel more comfortable and confident doing it,” she explains. “Typically, studies show improvements in mental health and well-being within three months. If you’re not feeling these benefits, it can be a good time to try another activity instead.” Keep in mind that the goal of a hobby isn’t achievement or excellence: It’s about deepening your engagement with something you find ____39____ and enjoyable. “I would suggest starting not with the question ‘What should I do?’ but ‘What pulls me?’” Mansourian says. “People sometimes feel they need to choose the right activity from the beginning, but____40____ a few possibilities is part of the process.” And, for that matter, part of the fun. 【答案】31. I 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. K 36. G 37. J 38. E 39. H 40. A 【解析】 【导语】文章探讨了爱好的本质及其对充实生活的意义，指出真正的爱好不同于被动的休闲消遣，能带来成长感、意义感和幸福感，并给出了寻找和坚持爱好的建议。 【31题详解】 考查动词。句意：与此同时，最新统计数据显示，他们每天花在社交媒体上的时间超过两小时，而电视和其他基于屏幕的娱乐也占据了他们大量的闲暇时间。根据上文“TV and other screen-based entertainments”和下文“much of their leisure time”可知，此处说的是屏幕娱乐占据大量闲暇时间；用动词take构成动词短语take up，意为“占用，耗费”，作谓语，描述客观事实，用一般现在时态，主语TV and other screen-based entertainments是复数名词，用动词原形。 【32题详解】 考查形容词。句意：但研究爱好的专家倾向于将爱好与看电视、刷社交媒体等被动的休闲消遣区分开来。根据下文“like TV viewing and social-media scrolling”和常识可知，看电视、刷社交媒体属于被动型休闲；用形容词passive作定语，意为“被动的”，修饰名词leisure pursuits。 【33题详解】 考查动词。句意：它们提供了一种积累和成长的感觉——推动我们提升自我或达成新目标——这能帮助我们满足对意义和目的的需求。根据上文“stretching ourselves to improve”和下文“new goals”可知，此处说的是达成新目标；动词meet意为“实现，达到”，位于不定式符号to后，用动词原形。 【34题详解】 考查动词。句意：许多关于幸福感的研究区分了“享乐型”和“实现型”两种幸福形式。根据下文“between “hedonic” and “eudaimonic” forms of happiness”可知，此处说的是研究对两种幸福形式进行区分；动词distinguish意为“区分，辨别”，作谓语，描述客观事实，用一般现在时态，主语A lot of research是不可数名词，谓语用单数形式distinguishes。 【35题详解】 考查名词。句意：享乐型幸福感往往源于微小而短暂的愉悦，比如人们从享用美食中获得的快乐；而实现型幸福感则指那些能带来更深层、更深刻的成就感或满足感的体验。根据上文“a deeper, more profound sense of accomplishment”可推知，此处说的是与成就感并列的满足感；名词contentment意为“满足，满意”，与accomplishment并列作介词of的宾语。 【36题详解】 考查动词。句意：虽然我们许多人认识到爱好的好处并愿意投入时间，但一个常见的问题仍然存在：找到一个你真正想要追求的爱好。根据上文“finding a hobby that you actually want to”可知，此处说的是找到自己真正想追求的爱好；动词pursue意为“追求”，位于不定式符号to后，用动词原形。 【37题详解】 考查名词。句意：虽然她是艺术类爱好的热情倡导者，但Fancourt建议人们对什么可能适合自己的爱好保持开放心态。根据上文“an enthusiastic”和下文“art-based hobbies”可知，此处说的是Fancourt是艺术类爱好的倡导者；名词advocate意为“倡导者，拥护者”，作表语，有冠词an 修饰，用单数形式。 【38题详解】 考查动词。句意：无论你决定追求什么新爱好，Fancourt建议至少坚持10到12周。根据下文“If you stay with it for a few months”可知，此处说的是坚持做一项爱好；动词stick意为“坚持”，位于recommend后，用动名词形式sticking作宾语。 【39题详解】 考查形容词。句意：记住，爱好的目标不是成就或卓越：而是加深你对某件你觉得迷人且愉快的事情的投入。根据下文“and enjoyable”可知，此处说的是与愉快并列的积极感受；形容词fascinating意为“迷人的，吸引人的”，修饰不定代词something，作后置定语。 【40题详解】 考查动词。句意：人们有时觉得他们需要从一开始就选择正确的活动，但探索几种可能性是这个过程的一部分。根据下文“a few possibilities”可知，此处说的是探索几种可能性是过程的一部分；动词explore意为“探索”，作分句主语，用动名词形式exploring。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A （每小题1分，共15分） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Are you a digital hoarder? Most people are familiar with hoarding (囤积) and the psychological issues associated with it. Hoarding leads to messy homes and difficulty ____41____ with items that you don’t use and don’t even need. But hoarding can also occur in the digital world. Digital hoarding, also known as e-hoarding, is too much acquisition and ____42____ to delete electronic material no longer valuable to the user. Most computer users save digital files to some extent, and that’s expected. With digital hoarding, however, the act of saving the files becomes an uncontrollable ____43____. Digital hoarders may collect emails, photos, articles, podcasts, or any type of computer files they believe they may want to revisit in the future, and ultimately, in most cases, they ____44____ get to actually use it or listen to it or read it. Digital hoarding also occurs when someone is too ____45____ to the data even to consider getting rid of it. This can include chats and photos of an old partner, ____46____ sent by a long-lost friend, or even screenshots collected several years ago. Researchers have ____47____ digital hoarders into 4 different types, according to their characteristics. “Collectors” are organized, ____48____ and in control of their data. “Accidental hoarders”, also called “____49____ or disorganized hoarders”, don’t intentionally save unnecessary data. They just don’t know how to organize it. “The hoarders by instruction” keep data on behalf of their company (even when they could delete much of it). Finally, “anxious hoarders” have strong emotional ____50____ to their data — and are worried about deleting it. The problem has only gotten worse since we have more ____51____ to digital storage than ever. In addition, cloud storage makes it incredibly easy to purchase more storage as needed. With ____52____ cloud space, it’s logical when network users don’t think twice about saving files. However, studies found that digital hoarders experience increased levels of stress and now researchers are observing that the negative consequences of digital hoarding may be similar to those of ____53____ hoarding. ____54____, it’s important to set time aside to have a good clear-out, in the same way we do in the physical world. By organizing and ____55____ useless files in a regular way, people with this problem can ease some of their distress and clear their own mind as well. 41. A. stocking B. binding C. living D. parting 42. A. reluctance B. eagerness C. perspective D. fantasy 43. A. obstacle B. boost C. urge D. stream 44. A. substantially B. frequently C. autonomously D. rarely 45. A. transmitted B. closed C. attached D. assigned 46. A. flowers B. texts C. gifts D. letters 47. A. regulated B. categorized C. integrated D. stimulated 48. A. rigid B. generous C. patriotic D. systematic 49. A. disengaged B. enthusiastic C. reliable D. discriminated 50. A. appeals B. conflicts C. issues D. ties 51. A. access B. concern C. desire D. excuse 52. A. multiple B. secure C. limitless D. meaningless 53. A. massive B. regular C. casual D. physical 54. A. Instead B. However C. Otherwise D. Therefore 55. A. making use of B. taking care of C. getting rid of D. getting used to 【答案】41. D 42. A 43. C 44. D 45. C 46. B 47. B 48. D 49. A 50. D 51. A 52. C 53. D 54. D 55. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了数字囤积者的分类和特点以及数字囤积带来的困扰，并表明要定期整理和清除无用文件。 【41题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：囤积会导致家里乱作一团，也会让你难以舍弃那些你不用甚至不需要的物品。A. stocking储备，贮存；B. binding绑定；C. living生活；D. parting分离。根据下文“items that you don’t use and don’t even need”可知，此处是指舍弃那些你不用甚至不需要的物品。part with意为“舍弃”。故选D。 【42题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：数字囤积，也被称为电子囤积，是指过多地获取和不愿删除对用户不再有价值的电子材料。A. reluctance不情愿；B. eagerness渴望；C. perspective角度；D. fantasy华丽。根据上文“Digital hoarding”可知，数字囤积让人不愿删除对用户不再有价值的电子材料。故选A。 【43题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，有了数字囤积，保存文件的行为就变成了一种无法控制的冲动。A. obstacle困难；B. boost推动，促进；C. urge冲动；D. stream小河，小溪。根据后文“Digital hoarders may collect emails, photos, articles, podcasts, or any type of computer files they believe they may want to revisit in the future(数字囤积者可能会收集电子邮件、照片、文章、播客或任何他们认为将来可能会重温的电脑文件)”可知，此处是指保存文件的行为变成了一种无法控制的冲动。故选C。 【44题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：数字囤积者可能会收集电子邮件、照片、文章、播客或任何他们认为将来可能会重温的电脑文件，但最终，在大多数情况下，他们很少真正使用、听或阅读这些文件。A. substantially实质上；B. frequently频繁地；C. autonomously自治地；D. rarely很少地。根据上文“Digital hoarders”和“electronic material no longer valuable to the user”可知，数字囤积者会囤积对用户不再有价值的电子材料，实际上他们很少真正使用、听或阅读这些文件。故选D。 【45题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当一个人过于依赖数据，甚至不考虑丢弃数据时，也会发生“数字囤积”。A. transmitted播送，传输，发射；B. closed关闭；C. attached附属，依附；D. assigned分派。根据上文“Digital hoarding also occurs”可知，此处是指当一个人过于依赖数据，数字囤积会发生，be attached to (依恋、爱上)。故选C。 【46题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些信息包括老朋友的聊天记录和照片，失散多年的朋友发来的短信，甚至是几年前收集的截图。A. flowers花；B. texts短信；C. gifts礼物；D. letters信。根据下文“sent by a long-lost friend”和上文“Digital hoarding”可知，数字囤积可包括失散多年的朋友发来的短信。故选B。 【47题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员根据他们的特点将数字囤积者分为四种不同的类型。A. regulated管理；B. categorized分类；C. integrated合并，成为一体；D. stimulated刺激。根据下文“into 4 different types”可知，此处是指将数字囤积者分为四种不同的类型。故选B。 【48题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“收集者”是有组织的、系统的，并能控制他们的数据。A. rigid僵硬的；B. generous慷慨的；C. patriotic爱国的，有爱国心的；D. systematic系统的。根据上文“organized”和下文“and in control of their data”可知，“收集者”具有系统型特点。故选D。 【49题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“意外囤积者”，也被称为“散漫或无序囤积者”，他们不会故意保存不必要的数据。A. disengaged散漫的；B. enthusiastic热情的；C. reliable可靠的；D. discriminated区分的。根据下文“disorganized hoarders”可知，“意外囤积者”是缺乏组织的、散漫的。故选A。 【50题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，“焦虑囤积者”对自己的数据有着强烈的情感联系——他们担心删除数据。A. appeals呼吁，恳求；B. conflicts冲突，抵触；C. issues问题；D. ties联系。根据下文“and are worried about deleting it”可知，“焦虑囤积者”担心删除数据，说明他们对自己的数据有着强烈的情感联系。故选D。 【51题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于我们拥有比以往任何时候都多的数字存储，这个问题只会变得更糟。A. access获得的机会，使用权； B. concern担忧；C. desire愿望；D. excuse借口。根据后文“In addition, cloud storage makes it incredibly easy to purchase more storage as needed.”(此外，云存储使根据需要购买更多存储变得非常容易。)可知，此处是指我们拥有比以往任何时候都多的数字存储机会。故选A。 【52题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有了无限的云空间，网络用户在保存文件时不必三思，这是合乎逻辑的。A. multiple数量多的；B. secure安全的；C. limitless无限的；D. meaningless无意义的。根据下文“it’s logical when network users don’t think twice about saving files”可知，网络用户可随意保存文件，是因为他们有了无限的云空间。故选C。 【53题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，研究发现，数字囤积者的压力增加，现在研究人员观察到，数字囤积的负面后果可能与实物囤积类似。A. massive巨大的；B. regular规律的；C. casual随意的；D. physical物体的。根据上文“may be similar to”可知，此处是指数字囤积的负面后果可能与实物囤积类似，二者进行类比。故选D。 【54题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，留出时间好好地清理一下是很重要的，就像我们在现实世界中所做的一样。A. Instead反而；B. However但是；C. Otherwise否则；D. Therefore因此。根据上文“However, studies found that digital hoarders experience increased levels of stress”和下文“it’s important to set time aside to have a good clear-out”可知，数字囤积者的压力会增加，因此，留出时间好好地清理一下是很重要的。故选D。 【55题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过定期整理和清除无用的文件，有这个问题的人可以减轻一些痛苦，也可以理清自己的思路。A. making use of利用；B. taking care of照顾；C. getting rid of清除；D. getting used to习惯。根据下文“useless files”可知，作者建议清除无用的文件。故选C。 Section B （每小题2分，共22分） Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Tea, the most typical of English drinks, is a relative latecomer to British shores. Although the custom of drinking tea dates back to the third millennium (一千年) BC in China, it was not until the mid-17th century that the drink first appeared in England. It was the Portuguese and Dutch traders who first imported tea to Europe, reaching the Continent by way of Venice around 1560, with regular shipments by 1610. Curiously, it was the London coffee houses that were responsible for introducing tea to England. One of the first coffee house merchants to offer tea was Thomas Garway. He sold both liquid and dry tea to the public as early as 1657. Three years later he issued a broadsheet advertising tea at £ 6 to £ 10 per pound, touting (兜售) its virtues as “making the body active and lusty (健壮的)”, and “preserving perfect health until extreme old age”. Tea gained popularity quickly in the coffee houses, and by 1700 over 500 coffee houses sold it. This distressed the pub owners, as tea cut their sales of beer, and it was bad news for the government, who depended upon a steady stream of revenue (税收) from taxes on liquor sales. By 1750 tea had become the favored drink of Britain’s lower classes. A 1676 act taxed tea and required coffee house operators to apply for a license. This was just the start of government attempts to control, or at least, to profit from the popularity of tea in Britain. By the mid-18th century the duty on tea had reached a ridiculous 119 percent. This heavy taxation had the effect of creating a whole new industry – tea smuggling (走私). Ships from Holland and Scandinavia brought tea to the British coast, then stood offshore while smugglers met them and unloaded the precious cargo in small vessels. The smugglers, often local fishermen, secretly moved the tea inland through underground passages and hidden paths to special hiding places. One of the best hiding places was in the local church! Even smuggled tea was expensive, however, and therefore extremely profitable, so many smugglers began to adulterate (掺假) the tea with other substances, such as willow and sloe leaves. Used tea leaves were also redried and added to fresh leaves. Finally, in 1784 William Pitt the Younger introduced the Commutation Act, which dropped the tax on tea from 119% to 12.5%, effectively ending smuggling. Adulteration remained a problem, though, until the Food and Drug Act of 1875 brought in severe punishment for the practice. 56. According to the passage, tea drinking ________. A. is the favorite pastime of the Dutch B. could be found everywhere in the world in 1560 C. was well-received by the Portuguese centuries ago D. is an important British tradition 57. Who might be annoyed by the popularity of the tea? A. Coffee house owners. B. Smugglers. C. Britain’s lower classes. D. Wine sellers. 58. Which of the following statements about tea smuggling is TRUE? A. Underground passages and boats were ideal hiding places for tea. B. Fishermen and farmers contributed a lot to tea industry. C. Churches provided convenience for smuggling. D. The government encouraged tea smuggling for taxes on tea. 59. How was the order of the tea market finally restored in Britain? A. By punishing those who sold fake tea. B. By imposing mild punishment. C. By passing an act related to a tax rise. D. By mixing redried used leaves with fresh tea leaves. 【答案】56. D 57. D 58. C 59. A 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述茶叶传入英国之后逐步流行，以及政府征税引发走私、掺假等一系列历史。 【56题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Tea, the most typical of English drinks, is a relative latecomer to British shores.(茶，最具代表性的英式饮品，传入英国的时间相对较晚。)”可知，茶是极具代表性的英式饮品，饮茶是一项重要的英国传统。 【57题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This distressed the pub owners, as tea cut their sales of beer, and it was bad news for the government, who depended upon a steady stream of revenue (税收) from taxes on liquor sales. (这让酒馆老板十分苦恼，因为茶叶分流了他们的啤酒销量；对于依靠稳定酒类销售税收的政府来说，这同样是个坏消息。)”可知，酒类卖家会因为茶叶流行而受损，感到恼火。 【58题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The smugglers, often local fishermen, secretly moved the tea inland through underground passages and hidden paths to special hiding places. One of the best hiding places was in the local church!(走私者大多是当地渔民，他们通过暗道和隐秘小路把茶叶偷偷运到内陆的藏匿点，当地教堂就是最好的藏匿地点之一。)”可知，教堂为茶叶走私提供了便利。 【59题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Adulteration remained a problem, though, until the Food and Drug Act of 1875 brought in severe punishment for the practice.(不过茶叶掺假问题一直存在，直到一八七五年的《食品药品法案》出台，对这种行为施以重罚。)”可知，依靠惩处售卖假茶的行为，英国茶叶市场秩序最终得以恢复。 (B) The Elementary Science Fair Planning Guide The most helpful, scientific, Kid-friendly Science Fair Project Planner known to kids There are two types of science projects: Models and Experiments. Here is the difference between the two: A Model, Display or Collection: Shows how something works in the real world, but doesn’t really test anything. Examples of display or collection projects can be: “The Solar System”, “Types of Dinosaurs”, “My Coin Collection”. Examples of models might be: “How a Tornado Forms” or “How an Electric Motor Works”. An Experiment: Lots of information is given, but it also has a project that shows testing being done and the gathering of data. Examples of experiments can be: “The Effects of Detergent (洗衣粉) on the Growth of Plants” or “Which Paper Towel is more Absorbent” You can tell you have an experiment if you are testing something several times and changing a variable (变量) to see what will happen. Even though you can learn a lot from building a model or display, we recommend that you do an experiment! Why? Well, they are fun, they are more interesting and most of all, they take you through the SCIENTIFIC METHOD, which is the way real scientists investigate in real science labs. Besides that, the scientific method is what the judges are looking for! 60. Which of the following science projects might be recommended by the guide? A. How swallows build their nests. B. What the solar system consists of. C. What structure can hold the most amount of weight. D. The three dances bees use to communicate. 61. According to the guide, which of the following is TRUE? A. A model or a display is a great choice for the science fair. B. What tells an experiment from a model is whether to test something. C. A Hypothesis goes before a Question in doing an experiment. D. The judges will instruct the scientific method before the science fair. 62. Who will be most interested in reading this guide? A. Undergraduate students. B. Judges invited to a science fair. C. Staff working in the science labs. D. Parents who have young kids. 【答案】60. C 61. B 62. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了科学展项目分为模型和实验两类，说明二者区别，并建议学生选择实验类项目。 【60题详解】 推理判断题。根据An Experiment: 部分上侧图片中“COOL!!!!! DO THIS(酷! !做这个)”和其右侧图片中“Experiment Great Choice for the science fair!(实验 科学博览会的好选择！)”可知，指南推荐的是实验类项目；结合其后描述内容“You can tell you have an experiment if you are testing something several times and changing a variable (变量) to see what will happen.(如果你多次测试某事物并改变变量以观察会发生什么，就可以判断你做的是一项实验。)”可知，C项“What structure can hold the most amount of weight.(哪种结构能承受最多重量。)”涉及测试不同结构并比较结果，属于实验类项目，是该指南可能推荐的项目。 【61题详解】 细节理解题。根据A Model, Display or Collection: 部分中“Shows how something works in the real world, but doesn’t really test anything.(展示了某些东西在现实世界中是如何工作的，但并没有真正测试任何东西。)”和An Experiment:部分中“You can tell you have an experiment if you are testing something several times and changing a variable (变量) to see what will happen.(如果你多次测试某事物并改变变量以观察会发生什么，就可以判断你做的是一项实验。)”可知，区分实验与模型的关键在于是否进行测试。 【62题详解】 推理判断题。根据标题“The Elementary Science Fair Planning Guide(小学科学展规划指南)”以及“The most helpful, scientific, Kid-friendly Science Fair Project Planner known to kids(孩子们所知的、最有帮助的、科学又适合孩子的科学展项目规划指南)”可知，这份指南面向的是小学生及其家长，因此最可能感兴趣的是有小孩的父母。 (C) There has, in recent years, been an outpouring of information about the impact of buildings on the natural environment. Information which explains and promotes green and sustainable construction design, strives to convince others of its efficacy (功效) and warns of the dangers of ignoring the issue. Seldom do these documents offer any advice to practitioners, such as those designing mechanical and electrical systems for a building, on how to use this knowledge on a practical level. Although there are a good many advocates of “green” construction in the architectural industry, able to list enough reasons why buildings should be designed in a sustainable way, not to mention plenty of architectural firms with experience in green design, this is not enough to make green construction come into being. The driving force behind whether a building is constructed with minimal environmental impact lies with the owner of the building; that is, the person financing the project. If the owner considers green design unimportant, or of secondary importance, then more than likely, it will not be factored into the design. The commissioning (委任) process plays a key role in ensuring the owner gets the building he wants, in terms of design, costs and risk. At the predesign stage, the owner’s objectives and expectations are discussed and documented. This gives a design team a solid foundation on which they can build their ideas. Owners who skip the commissioning process, or fail to take “green” issues into account when doing so, often come a cropper once their building is up and running. Materials and equipment are installed as planned, and, at first glance, appear to fulfil their purpose adequately. However, in time, the owner realizes that operational and maintenance costs are higher than necessary, and that the occupants are dissatisfied with the results. These factors in turn lead to higher ownership costs as well as increased environmental impact. In some cases, an owner may be aware of the latest trends in sustainable building design. However, firms should not take it as read that the client already has an idea of how green he intends the structure to be. Indeed, this initial interaction between owner and firm is the ideal time for a designer to outline and promote the ways that green design can meet the client’s objectives, thus turning a project originally not destined for green design into a potential candidate. Typically, when considering whether or not to adopt a green approach, an owner will ask about additional costs or return for investment. In a typical project, landscape architects, mechanical and electrical engineers do not become involved until a much later stage. However, in green design, they must be involved from the outset, since green design demands interaction between these disciplines. This increased cooperation clearly requires additional cost. However, there may be financial advantage for the client in choosing a greener design. There are examples of green designs which have demonstrated lower costs for long-term operation, ownership and even construction. 63. What is the main reason for the lack of green buildings being designed according to the passage? A. Few firms have enough experience in designing and constructing green buildings. B. Construction companies are unaware of the benefits of sustainable designs. C. Firms do not get to decide whether a building is to be constructed sustainably. D. Firms tend to convince clients that other factors are more important than sustainability. 64. The phrase “come a cropper” probably means ________. A. experience misfortune B. change one’s mind C. notice the benefits D. make a start 65. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A. Most clients have a clear idea of whether they want a green building at the beginning. B. Green buildings are most likely to cost more money than conventional buildings. C. The commissioning process offers a good opportunity to bring up the subject of green design. D. Firms should avoid working with clients who reject green designs in their buildings. 66. The writer’s main purpose is to ________. A. explain the importance of communication when a building is commissioned B. emphasize the importance of green building design in protecting the environment C. explain to building owners why ignoring green issues is costly and dangerous D. inform professionals how they can influence clients to choose greener designs 【答案】63. C 64. A 65. C 66. D 【解析】 【分析】本题是一篇说明文。介绍了“绿色建筑”这一流行理念并非在建筑行业实操过程真正落地原因，及介绍如何使之落地的途径。 【63题详解】 细节理解题。根据原文的“The driving force behind whether a building is constructed with minimal environmental impact lies with the owner of the building.（是否以最小的环境影响来建造的最大驱动力是建筑的拥有人）”以及“If the owner considers green design unimportant, or of secondary importance, then more than likely, it will not be factored into the design.（如果大楼拥有人认为绿色设计不重要，或将它置于次之地位，那很大程度上，绿色设计概念将不纳入设计的考虑中）”，可以判断出关键因素是大楼拥有人，公司实际不能决定是否施行环保建造。故选C项。 【64题详解】 词句猜测题。根据该段的“The commissioning (委任) process plays a key role in ensuring the owner gets the building he wants, in terms of design, costs and risk.（若要保证所属者能够得到想要的建筑，无论是从设计、成本还是风险角度而言，委任过程扮演了重要角色）”可以判断出，该段落意在说明“委任”的重要性；而从“Owners who skip the commissioning process, or fail to take “green” issues into account when doing so（所属者如果跳过委任过程，或未能将绿色概念纳入考量）”可以判断出，下一句会说如果不遵循这一过程会造成的严重失误和后果是什么，备选项A符合语境。故选A项。 【65题详解】 推理判断题。根据原文的“this initial interaction between owner and firm is the ideal time for a designer to outline and promote the ways that green design can meet the client’s objectives（大楼拥有者与公司之间的初步交流对于设计者勾勒和提升绿色设计方案是一个绝佳时机，同时也满足客户的目的需求）”，这里的the initial interaction指代的就是the commissioning process，所以该句强调委任过程在绿色设计概念交流上起到的重要作用。故选C项。 【66题详解】 推理判断题。本文主要从commissioning process（委任过程）这个角度入手，介绍了其对于大楼拥有者、公司及设计者三者之间的重要作用，通过沟通设计者可以更好地将绿色概念融入到建筑当中，故该文向从业者介绍如何通过有效途径影响客户选择绿色设计。故选D项。 69. Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. A period of important agricultural development began in the early 1700s in Great Britain and the Low Countries(Belgium, Luxembourg. and the Netherlands, which lie below sea level). ____67____ One of the most important of these developments was an improved horse-drawn seed drill invented by Jethro Tull in England. Until that time，farmers sowed seeds by hand. Tull’s drill made rows of holes for the seeds. By the end of the 18th century, seed drilling was widely practiced in Europe. Many other machines were developed in the United States. ___68___ At about the same time，John and Hiram Pitts introduced a horse-powered thresher (脱粒机) that shortened the process of separating grain and seed from straw. John Deere’s steel plow (犁), introduced in 1837, made it possible to work the tough soil with much less horsepower. Along with new machines，there were several important advances in selective farming. By selectively breeding animals (breeding those with desirable traits), farmers increased the size and productivity of their livestock. Plants could also be selectively bred for certain qualities. In 1866, Gregor Mendel’s studies in heredity (遗传) were published in Austria. ___69___ His work paved the way for improving crops through genetics. New crop planting methods also evolved during this time. Many of these were adopted over the next century or so throughout Europe. For example，the Norfolk four-field system, developed in England，proved quite successful. It involved the yearly rotation (轮作) of several crops, including wheat, turnips, barley, clover, and ryegrass. ____70____ Moreover, this method enabled farmers to grow enough to sell some of their harvest without having to leave any land unplanted. Not all parts of the world benefited from these developments instantly. However，farmers in other parts such as Australia and Africa continued to use old ways of agriculture for a long time. A. This could add desired nutrients to the soil thanks to the rich variety of crops. B. Over centuries, the growth of agriculture contributed to the rise of civilizations. C. In experiments with pea plants, he learned how traits were passed from one generation to another. D. In the 1830s Cyrus McCormick’s harvesting machine helped modernize the grain-cutting process. E. This helped to produce extra food to trade for other goods and allowed people to work at other tasks. F. New agricultural inventions dramatically increased food production in Europe and European colonies. 【答案】67. F 68. D 69. C 70. A 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章描述了人类历史上关于农业耕种技术，农业收割技术，和农业育种技术等的几个重大的发展。 【67题详解】 上文提到“18世纪是英国和低地国家农业发展的一个重要时期”。承接上文，F选项“新的农业发明极大地提高了欧洲和欧洲殖民地的粮食产量。”切题。故选F项。 【68题详解】 上文提到“在美国许多其他的机器被发明”而下文“大约在同一时间，John和Hiram Pitts引进了马力脱粒机，缩短从稻草分离谷物和种子的时间。”D选项“在19世纪30年代，Cyrus McCormick 的收割机帮助实现了谷物收割过程的现代化。”可以承接上文又和下文并列。故选D项。 【69题详解】 上文提到“1866年，孟德尔的遗传研究在奥地利发表”。承接上文，C选项“在用豌豆做的实验中，他了解了特征是如何代代相传的。”切题。该选项的he对应上文中的Gregory Mendel。该选项也可对应下句的his work。故选C项。 【70题详解】 上文提到“它涉及年度轮作几种作物，包括小麦、萝卜、大麦、苜蓿、黑麦草。”承接上文，A选项“由于农作物种类丰富，这可以给土壤增加所需的养分”切题。该选项中的“农作物种类丰富”对于上文提到的“小麦、萝卜、大麦、苜蓿、黑麦草”。故选A项。 IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 71. He ______________________ the differences between all kinds of cultures. (interested) 他对探索不同文化间的差异很感兴趣。 【答案】 is very interested in exploring 【解析】 【详解】空处对应的中文释义为“对探索……很感兴趣”，“对……很感兴趣”表达为固定搭配be very interested in，句子描述主语的长期稳定兴趣，用一般现在时，主语He为第三人称单数，be动词用is，“探索”表达为动词explore，由于搭配中的in为介词，后接动词作宾语时需转换为动名词形式exploring。 72. ______________________, the headmaster delivered a speech encouraging us to pursue our dreams. 在典礼伊始，校长发表讲话鼓励我们追逐梦想。（beginning） 【答案】 At the beginning of the ceremony 【解析】 【详解】根据英汉意思对比可知，空处对应汉语“在典礼伊始”，“在……伊始”是提示词beginning对应的核心固定搭配，表达为at the beginning of，“典礼”表达为the ceremony，此处特指本次活动的典礼，需加定冠词the表特指，句首需大写首字母。 73. ________________ scrolling through short videos takes up much of teenagers’ spare time and weakens their self-control. 沉迷刷短视频占用青少年大量课余时间，削弱他们的自控力。（addicted） 【答案】 Being addicted to 【解析】 【详解】根据提示词addicted可知，“沉迷于”用短语be addicted to表达，作主语，且陈述普遍道理，用动名词形式，即being addicted to...。 74. Many people hold the view that the stress teenagers suffer ____________ fierce competition in study. 许多人认为青少年承受的压力与激烈的学业竞争密切相关。（related） 【答案】is related to 【解析】 【详解】“与……密切相关”作同位语从句谓语，用动词短语be related to，描述客观事实，用一般现在时态，主语the stress为不可数名词，谓语用单数形式is related to。 75. Make sure you ____________________________, as your behavior just now was terribly impolite. 务必为你的所作所为道歉，因为你刚才的行为非常无礼。 【答案】 apologize for what you did 【解析】 【详解】空处对应的中文释义为“为你的所作所为道歉”，“为……道歉”表达为固定搭配apologize for；“你的所作所为”表达为what you did，此处作介词for的宾语，属于宾语从句范畴，需使用陈述语序；主句Make sure为祈使句，是对听话人提出的明确要求，从句谓语apologize用一般现在时；“所作所为”对应语境中“刚才的无礼行为”，是已发生的过往动作，用一般过去时what you did。 76. 他花了三个多星期习惯了高中的快节奏生活。（accustom）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 He spent more than three weeks accustoming himself to the fast-paced life in senior high school. 【解析】 【详解】句子陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时；主语是he，“花时间做某事”用短语spend+时间+doing，spend作谓语，用过去式spent，“三个多星期”表达为more than three weeks，“让自己适应……”用短语accustom oneself to...，呼应主语he，oneself对应himself，accustom用动名词形式，to是介词，其后接宾语the fast-paced life in senior high school“高中的快节奏生活”。 77. 去年暑假我们游览了佛罗伦萨（Florence），曾经众多杰出的艺术家曾在此生活与工作。（where）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Last summer vacation, we visited Florence, where many outstanding artists once lived and worked. 【解析】 【详解】“去年暑假”表达为时间状语last summer vacation，置于句首；“我们”表达为代词we，作主语；“游览”表达为动词visit，结合“去年暑假”可知，此句陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时visited；“佛罗伦萨”表达为专有名词Florence，作visited的宾语；“曾经众多杰出的艺术家曾在此生活与工作”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Florence，“众多杰出的艺术家”表达为名词短语many outstanding artists，作从句主语；“生活与工作”表达为动词短语live and work，结合“曾经”可知，从句也陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时lived and worked；“在此”指代在佛罗伦萨，关系词指代先行词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导该非限制性定语从句。 78. 超乎所有人意料的是，他的写作作业得了一个高分，这令他十分得意。（which）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】To everyone’s surprise, he got a high score on his writing assignment, which made him quite proud. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意，该句描述的是过去发生的事情，主句使用一般过去时；表示“超乎所有人意料的是”使用固定介词短语to everyone’s surprise，置于句首，首字母需大写；表示“他的写作作业得了一个高分”为主句，译为he got a high score on his writing assignment，其中get a high score on意为“在……上得高分”，writing assignment意为“写作作业”；表示“这令他十分得意”为非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个主句内容，使用关系代词which引导，即which made him quite proud，其中“make sb. + adj.”意为“使某人……”，proud意为“得意的、自豪的”。 79. 许多高一新生参与了丰富多彩的课外活动，利用学校资源，使自己适应全新的高中生活。（adapt）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Many new Senior One students took part in rich and colorful after-school activities, making use of school resources to adapt themselves to the brand-new high school life. 【解析】 【详解】“许多”表达为many，“高一新生”表达为new Senior One students，“许多高一新生”作主语；“参与”表达为动词短语take part in，结合句意可知，此句陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时took part in；“丰富多彩的”表达为形容词短语rich and colorful，“课外活动”表达为after-school activities，“丰富多彩的课外活动”作took part in的宾语；“利用”表达为动词短语make use of，句中已有谓语动词took part in，且“利用学校资源”与主语之间为主动关系，故用现在分词making use of作伴随状语，“学校资源”表达为school resources，作making use of的宾语；“使……适应”表达为动词短语adapt oneself to，此处用不定式to adapt themselves to作目的状语，表示利用学校资源的目的；“全新的”表达为形容词brand-new，“高中生活”表达为high school life，“全新的高中生活”作adapt themselves to的宾语。 V. Guided Writing 80. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 步入高中，高一新生在学业、人际交往、兴趣爱好、时间管理以及个人志向确立等方面都面临诸多新挑战。有人适应顺畅，也有人艰难摸索。你是否认同：开局顺利与否，决定了高考结果，甚至人生所能抵达的高度? 请结合你自己的高中生活开端谈谈你的看法。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Many freshmen believe that a smooth start decides everything. However, I don’t quite agree. Looking back on my own start of senior high, I was once overwhelmed by heavy courses and nervous about making friends. I even failed my first math test. But instead of giving up, I adjusted my learning methods, asked teachers for help and gradually built up my confidence. Over time, I made steady progress and even developed a real interest in English. A good beginning is certainly helpful, but it does not determine the final result. Senior high school is a long journey, and what really matters is our perseverance, willingness to learn from failure and ability to keep improving. Even a difficult start can lead to a bright future. Therefore, I believe it is our continuous effort rather than a smooth start that shapes our success. 【解析】 【导语】题目要求考生结合自己的高中生活开端，谈谈是否认同‌“开局顺利与否决定高考结果甚至人生高度”这一观点。 【详解】1.词汇积累 认为：believe → deem/figure 不断的：continuous → incessant/constant 毅力：perseverance → persistence/determination 塑造：shape → mould 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：But instead of giving up, I adjusted my learning methods, asked teachers for help and gradually built up my confidence. 拓展句：But instead of giving up, I adjusted my learning methods and asked teachers for help, which gradually built up my confidence. 【点睛】[高分句型1] What really matters is our perseverance, willingness to learn from failure and ability to keep improving. (运用了what引导主语从句) [高分句型2] Therefore, I believe it is our continuous effort rather than a smooth start that shapes our success. (运用了省略连词that的宾语从句和强调句型) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026学年第一学期期中考试 高一年级英语试卷 （考试时间120分钟，满分150分） 2026.11 I. Listening Comprehension Section A （每小题1分，共10分） Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. To the bank. B. To the grocery store. C. To the drugstore. D. To the barbershop. 2. A. Washing the dishes. B. Taking out the rubbish. C. Doing some ironing. D. Preparing for dinner. 3. A. It is affordable for every family. B. It is popular for its free delivery. C. It can be bought online only. D. It is highly spoken of among users. 4. A. He is in urgent need of a talk. B. He is fully occupied right now. C. He runs a lab in the middle of the city. D. He is doing an experiment at the moment. 5. A. They are a family without kids. B. They adopted children from Africa. C. They have many African friends. D. They make donations to help children. 6. A. She must have paid much for the course. B. She is too lazy to keep good figure. C. She’s got good results from her hard work. D. She doesn’t need to take the course. 7. A. The man is not suitable for the position. B. The job has been given to someone else. C. She had received only one application letter. D. The application arrived earlier than expected. 8. A. Hang out with friends. B. Go to a movie. C. Hike in the woods. D. Prepare for exams. 9. A. The beginning is truly dissatisfactory. B. The end of the book is disappointing. C. Looking into the future is its selling point. D. It is good in spite of the scary part. 10. A. He will purchase surgical masks. B. He insists on buying N95 masks. C. He will go to another drugstore. D. He supports the medical workers. Section B （每小题1分，共15分） Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. You are trying to actively recall the information. B. You may think that you already know the information. C. You may lose your sense of speed and fluency. D. You are spending too much time memorizing the information. 12. A. Because students may have a false sense of understanding. B. Because students may miss some important information. C. Because students may highlight unimportant details. D. Because students may not understand the higher-level concepts. 13. A. Organize study groups. B. Practice on old exams. C. Read through the exam paper. D. Explain concepts to others. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Buying fewer clothes. B. Renting clothes. C. Buying second-hand clothes. D. Tailoring clothes. 15. A. Young people can’t afford to buy many new clothes. B. It is easy to buy and sell second-hand clothing online. C. People are more aware of the destructive impact of fast fashion. D. Organic and recycled materials are more widely used. 16. A. Development in technology transforms the fashion industry. B. Consumers change purchasing habits in response to rising prices. C. Second-hand clothing helps reducing fashion footprint. D. Fast fashion does great harm to environment. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Receptionist and guest. B. Colleagues. C. Classmates. D. Waiter and diner. 18. A. To open new markets. B. To accept an award. C. To attend a conference. D. To negotiate contracts. 19. A. Using your chopsticks to pass food to others. B. Refilling the glasses of people seated beside you. C. Tipping the waiters for their good service. D. Offering to split the cost with the host. 20. A. They empty their glasses. B. They put the glasses aside. C. They tell the host directly. D. They leave their glasses full. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A （每小题1分，共20分） Directions: Choose the best answer. 1. The researcher predicted that the region ______ a sharp rise in temperature within five years if greenhouse gas emissions kept increasing. A. witnessed B. would witness C. had witnessed D. was witnessing 2. In the past two decades, mankind ______ amazing progress in space technology and launched dozens of probes to explore distant planets. A. made B. would make C. has made D. had made 3. When living in the dormitory, he ________ about small inconveniences in daily life, which makes it hard for him to get along well with his roommates. A. always complained B. has always complained C. always complains D. is always complaining 4. Before the international forum began, many scholars ________ essays discussing challenges brought by rapid urbanization in developing nations. A. had submitted B. submitted C. would submit D. were examining 5. Currently, the local government ________ new policies to preserve old streets and maintain the unique cultural features of this city. A. carried out B. is carrying out C. will carry out D. has carried out 6. Throughout the approaching summer vacation, these volunteers ________ engaging lessons about art and history to unattended children in the remote mountainous areas. A. are giving B. were giving C. will be giving D. have been giving 7. I am convinced that by the time you finish your four-year college study, you ________ critical thinking skills and rich knowledge of social sciences. A. would acquire B. will have acquired C. would have acquired D. had acquired 8. The explorers ________ plant samples in the valley when an unexpected downpour interrupted their whole exploration work. A. would have recorded B. had been recording C. were recording D. have recorded 9. The conservation group ________ members come from different walks of life has carried out regular surveys on endangered wildlife in this basin. A. where B. whom C. which D. whose 10. Everything ________ the volunteers have done helps preserve the ancient architecture and pass down precious local cultural heritage. A. which B. that C. where D. why 11. The reason ________ many local residents oppose the project is that it may destroy the wetland where rare water birds live. A. for what B. which C. for which D. that 12. The regional government has banned the random dumping of industrial waste, ________ will effectively protect the aquatic ecosystem of the local river. A. it B. that C. as D. which 13. This is so challenging a task ________ only those with rich field experience can accomplish within the limited time. A. as B. that C. which D. where 14. We talked about the scientists and their achievements ________ attracted worldwide attention at the international environmental conference. A. who B. that C. as D. which 15. Many people who pursue instant gratification often ignore the long-term goals that can bring them lasting happiness and growth. A. SVP B. SVO C. SVOO D. SVOC 16. Positive books and meaningful activities encourage teenagers to develop a rational attitude towards complicated social phenomena. A. SVP B. SVO C. SVOO D. SVOC 17. In addition to knowledge, we should also ______ some good qualities from our daily social practice. A. acquire B. achieve C. admit D. adopt 18. Many students can't ______ the new rules, so the teacher tries every means to help them get used to school life. A. attend to B. appeal to C. adapt to D. apply for 19. It is wrong to ______ all environmental problems on rapid economic development, for human awareness also matters a lot. A. ban B. blame C. benefit D. boost 20. Many experts believe that frequent extreme weather may ______ serious risks to local agricultural production in the near future. A. bring about B. bring up C. bring out D. bring in Section B （每小题1分，共10分） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Hard Costs of Easy A’s In recent years, Canadian students have been receiving more A’s, while F’s have become increasingly rare. This trend may delight parents and students. However, there is a problem: Grades are losing their value. This is called grade inflation (成绩膨胀). The practice of ____21____ (award) higher grades for the same level of performance is particularly worrying in high school. Inflated marks make ____22____ harder for universities to distinguish between applicants. As a result, university admissions are getting more difficult. The trend has been fueled by good intentions. Over the long term, though, easy grading isn’t doing students any favors. The numbers tell a stark story. ____23____ average grade of high school students who entered the University of Toronto in 2006 was 83.9%. By 2023, it ____24____ (rise) to 90.2%. At the University of Waterloo, only 4.9% of new students had a 95% average or higher in 2006. By 2021, that figure had jumped to 42.4%. Though it fell to 32.7% in 2023, it remains far above pre-pandemic levels. Could this reflect real academic improvement? Sadly, no. Canadian students’ performance in international math and reading tests has decreased significantly over recent decades. ____25____ Paul W. Bennett puts it, “Marks have gone through the roof” with little or no connection to actual achievement. Teachers have plenty of reasons to give higher grades. Parents put a lot of pressure on teachers because they want their children to get into competitive university programs. Teachers who refuse to raise grades____26____ face pushback from school administrators, who want more students to graduate and get into good schools. Some schools have “no-fail policies.” ____27____ these rules help students move forward with their peers, they have downsides too. When low-performing students are pushed ahead with inflated grades, they often end up falling further behind. Some find that they are unprepared for higher education when they get there. There can also be real-life consequences down the road. Students who have coasted through (蒙混过关) their school years ____28____ much effort may be unprepared for the demands of the workplace. Because more students graduate, now a high school diploma ____29____ (see) as a basic requirement. This leads to “credential inflation (学历膨胀),” as employers demand more qualifications. Some students who might be_____30_____ (well) suited for technical work or other options are pushed into university instead. This mismatch benefits no one. 42. Section C （每小题1分，共10分） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. exploring B. meet C. passive D. distinguishes E. sticking F. assigns G. pursue H. fascinating I. take J. advocate K. contentment The Key to a Satisfying Life Nearly 90% of Americans, according to one recent survey, have a hobby. But a majority of them spend less than five hours per week pursuing hobbies. Meanwhile, the latest statistics show that they spend more than two hours per day on social media, while TV and other screen-based entertainments also ____31____ up much of their leisure time. There’s nothing wrong with a little screen-based relaxation. But experts who study hobbies tend to distinguish them from ____32____ leisure pursuits like TV viewing and social-media scrolling. This distinction between hobbies and passive leisure is important because, according to research, true hobbies are a vital component of a healthy and satisfying life. “Hobbies involve learning and developing new skills,” says Daisy Fancourt, an expert in psychobiology. “They provide a sense of accumulation (积累) and growth — of stretching ourselves to improve or to ____33____ new goals — and that can help us fulfill our needs for meaning and purpose.” A lot of research on well-being ____34____ between “hedonic” and “eudaimonic” forms of happiness. Hedonic well-being often stems from minor and fleeting (短暂的) pleasures, such as the enjoyment people get from eating delicious food; eudaimonic pleasures refer to experiences that provide a deeper, more profound sense of accomplishment or ____35____. Hobbies seem to scratch this eudaimonic itch. “They support the more authentic (真实的) dimensions of life and create conditions for self-actualization,” says Yazdan Mansourian, a leisure researcher in Australia. “People are not only doing what they enjoy, but becoming who they really want to be.” While many of us recognize the benefits of hobbies and are willing to devote time to them, a common problem remains: finding a hobby that you actually want to ____36____. While she’s an enthusiastic ____37____ of art-based hobbies, Fancourt suggests people should keep an open mind about what might click. “You can start by trying lots of new art experiences,” she says. You could take some painting or dance classes, for example, or learn to play an instrument. “You don’t know if you’ll like it until you try it.” Whatever new hobby you decide to pursue, Fancourt recommends ____38____ with it for at least 10 to 12 weeks. “If you stay with it for a few months, that often changes the experience so that you feel more comfortable and confident doing it,” she explains. “Typically, studies show improvements in mental health and well-being within three months. If you’re not feeling these benefits, it can be a good time to try another activity instead.” Keep in mind that the goal of a hobby isn’t achievement or excellence: It’s about deepening your engagement with something you find ____39____ and enjoyable. “I would suggest starting not with the question ‘What should I do?’ but ‘What pulls me?’” Mansourian says. “People sometimes feel they need to choose the right activity from the beginning, but____40____ a few possibilities is part of the process.” And, for that matter, part of the fun. III. Reading Comprehension Section A （每小题1分，共15分） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Are you a digital hoarder? Most people are familiar with hoarding (囤积) and the psychological issues associated with it. Hoarding leads to messy homes and difficulty ____41____ with items that you don’t use and don’t even need. But hoarding can also occur in the digital world. Digital hoarding, also known as e-hoarding, is too much acquisition and ____42____ to delete electronic material no longer valuable to the user. Most computer users save digital files to some extent, and that’s expected. With digital hoarding, however, the act of saving the files becomes an uncontrollable ____43____. Digital hoarders may collect emails, photos, articles, podcasts, or any type of computer files they believe they may want to revisit in the future, and ultimately, in most cases, they ____44____ get to actually use it or listen to it or read it. Digital hoarding also occurs when someone is too ____45____ to the data even to consider getting rid of it. This can include chats and photos of an old partner, ____46____ sent by a long-lost friend, or even screenshots collected several years ago. Researchers have ____47____ digital hoarders into 4 different types, according to their characteristics. “Collectors” are organized, ____48____ and in control of their data. “Accidental hoarders”, also called “____49____ or disorganized hoarders”, don’t intentionally save unnecessary data. They just don’t know how to organize it. “The hoarders by instruction” keep data on behalf of their company (even when they could delete much of it). Finally, “anxious hoarders” have strong emotional ____50____ to their data — and are worried about deleting it. The problem has only gotten worse since we have more ____51____ to digital storage than ever. In addition, cloud storage makes it incredibly easy to purchase more storage as needed. With ____52____ cloud space, it’s logical when network users don’t think twice about saving files. However, studies found that digital hoarders experience increased levels of stress and now researchers are observing that the negative consequences of digital hoarding may be similar to those of ____53____ hoarding. ____54____, it’s important to set time aside to have a good clear-out, in the same way we do in the physical world. By organizing and ____55____ useless files in a regular way, people with this problem can ease some of their distress and clear their own mind as well. 41. A. stocking B. binding C. living D. parting 42. A. reluctance B. eagerness C. perspective D. fantasy 43. A. obstacle B. boost C. urge D. stream 44. A. substantially B. frequently C. autonomously D. rarely 45. A. transmitted B. closed C. attached D. assigned 46. A. flowers B. texts C. gifts D. letters 47. A. regulated B. categorized C. integrated D. stimulated 48. A. rigid B. generous C. patriotic D. systematic 49. A. disengaged B. enthusiastic C. reliable D. discriminated 50. A. appeals B. conflicts C. issues D. ties 51. A. access B. concern C. desire D. excuse 52. A. multiple B. secure C. limitless D. meaningless 53. A. massive B. regular C. casual D. physical 54. A. Instead B. However C. Otherwise D. Therefore 55. A. making use of B. taking care of C. getting rid of D. getting used to Section B （每小题2分，共22分） Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Tea, the most typical of English drinks, is a relative latecomer to British shores. Although the custom of drinking tea dates back to the third millennium (一千年) BC in China, it was not until the mid-17th century that the drink first appeared in England. It was the Portuguese and Dutch traders who first imported tea to Europe, reaching the Continent by way of Venice around 1560, with regular shipments by 1610. Curiously, it was the London coffee houses that were responsible for introducing tea to England. One of the first coffee house merchants to offer tea was Thomas Garway. He sold both liquid and dry tea to the public as early as 1657. Three years later he issued a broadsheet advertising tea at £ 6 to £ 10 per pound, touting (兜售) its virtues as “making the body active and lusty (健壮的)”, and “preserving perfect health until extreme old age”. Tea gained popularity quickly in the coffee houses, and by 1700 over 500 coffee houses sold it. This distressed the pub owners, as tea cut their sales of beer, and it was bad news for the government, who depended upon a steady stream of revenue (税收) from taxes on liquor sales. By 1750 tea had become the favored drink of Britain’s lower classes. A 1676 act taxed tea and required coffee house operators to apply for a license. This was just the start of government attempts to control, or at least, to profit from the popularity of tea in Britain. By the mid-18th century the duty on tea had reached a ridiculous 119 percent. This heavy taxation had the effect of creating a whole new industry – tea smuggling (走私). Ships from Holland and Scandinavia brought tea to the British coast, then stood offshore while smugglers met them and unloaded the precious cargo in small vessels. The smugglers, often local fishermen, secretly moved the tea inland through underground passages and hidden paths to special hiding places. One of the best hiding places was in the local church! Even smuggled tea was expensive, however, and therefore extremely profitable, so many smugglers began to adulterate (掺假) the tea with other substances, such as willow and sloe leaves. Used tea leaves were also redried and added to fresh leaves. Finally, in 1784 William Pitt the Younger introduced the Commutation Act, which dropped the tax on tea from 119% to 12.5%, effectively ending smuggling. Adulteration remained a problem, though, until the Food and Drug Act of 1875 brought in severe punishment for the practice. 56. According to the passage, tea drinking ________. A. is the favorite pastime of the Dutch B. could be found everywhere in the world in 1560 C. was well-received by the Portuguese centuries ago D. is an important British tradition 57. Who might be annoyed by the popularity of the tea? A. Coffee house owners. B. Smugglers. C. Britain’s lower classes. D. Wine sellers. 58. Which of the following statements about tea smuggling is TRUE? A. Underground passages and boats were ideal hiding places for tea. B. Fishermen and farmers contributed a lot to tea industry. C. Churches provided convenience for smuggling. D. The government encouraged tea smuggling for taxes on tea. 59. How was the order of the tea market finally restored in Britain? A. By punishing those who sold fake tea. B. By imposing mild punishment. C. By passing an act related to a tax rise. D. By mixing redried used leaves with fresh tea leaves. (B) The Elementary Science Fair Planning Guide The most helpful, scientific, Kid-friendly Science Fair Project Planner known to kids There are two types of science projects: Models and Experiments. Here is the difference between the two: A Model, Display or Collection: Shows how something works in the real world, but doesn’t really test anything. Examples of display or collection projects can be: “The Solar System”, “Types of Dinosaurs”, “My Coin Collection”. Examples of models might be: “How a Tornado Forms” or “How an Electric Motor Works”. An Experiment: Lots of information is given, but it also has a project that shows testing being done and the gathering of data. Examples of experiments can be: “The Effects of Detergent (洗衣粉) on the Growth of Plants” or “Which Paper Towel is more Absorbent” You can tell you have an experiment if you are testing something several times and changing a variable (变量) to see what will happen. Even though you can learn a lot from building a model or display, we recommend that you do an experiment! Why? Well, they are fun, they are more interesting and most of all, they take you through the SCIENTIFIC METHOD, which is the way real scientists investigate in real science labs. Besides that, the scientific method is what the judges are looking for! 60. Which of the following science projects might be recommended by the guide? A. How swallows build their nests. B. What the solar system consists of. C. What structure can hold the most amount of weight. D. The three dances bees use to communicate. 61. According to the guide, which of the following is TRUE? A. A model or a display is a great choice for the science fair. B. What tells an experiment from a model is whether to test something. C. A Hypothesis goes before a Question in doing an experiment. D. The judges will instruct the scientific method before the science fair. 62. Who will be most interested in reading this guide? A. Undergraduate students. B. Judges invited to a science fair. C. Staff working in the science labs. D. Parents who have young kids. (C) There has, in recent years, been an outpouring of information about the impact of buildings on the natural environment. Information which explains and promotes green and sustainable construction design, strives to convince others of its efficacy (功效) and warns of the dangers of ignoring the issue. Seldom do these documents offer any advice to practitioners, such as those designing mechanical and electrical systems for a building, on how to use this knowledge on a practical level. Although there are a good many advocates of “green” construction in the architectural industry, able to list enough reasons why buildings should be designed in a sustainable way, not to mention plenty of architectural firms with experience in green design, this is not enough to make green construction come into being. The driving force behind whether a building is constructed with minimal environmental impact lies with the owner of the building; that is, the person financing the project. If the owner considers green design unimportant, or of secondary importance, then more than likely, it will not be factored into the design. The commissioning (委任) process plays a key role in ensuring the owner gets the building he wants, in terms of design, costs and risk. At the predesign stage, the owner’s objectives and expectations are discussed and documented. This gives a design team a solid foundation on which they can build their ideas. Owners who skip the commissioning process, or fail to take “green” issues into account when doing so, often come a cropper once their building is up and running. Materials and equipment are installed as planned, and, at first glance, appear to fulfil their purpose adequately. However, in time, the owner realizes that operational and maintenance costs are higher than necessary, and that the occupants are dissatisfied with the results. These factors in turn lead to higher ownership costs as well as increased environmental impact. In some cases, an owner may be aware of the latest trends in sustainable building design. However, firms should not take it as read that the client already has an idea of how green he intends the structure to be. Indeed, this initial interaction between owner and firm is the ideal time for a designer to outline and promote the ways that green design can meet the client’s objectives, thus turning a project originally not destined for green design into a potential candidate. Typically, when considering whether or not to adopt a green approach, an owner will ask about additional costs or return for investment. In a typical project, landscape architects, mechanical and electrical engineers do not become involved until a much later stage. However, in green design, they must be involved from the outset, since green design demands interaction between these disciplines. This increased cooperation clearly requires additional cost. However, there may be financial advantage for the client in choosing a greener design. There are examples of green designs which have demonstrated lower costs for long-term operation, ownership and even construction. 63. What is the main reason for the lack of green buildings being designed according to the passage? A. Few firms have enough experience in designing and constructing green buildings. B. Construction companies are unaware of the benefits of sustainable designs. C. Firms do not get to decide whether a building is to be constructed sustainably. D. Firms tend to convince clients that other factors are more important than sustainability. 64. The phrase “come a cropper” probably means ________. A. experience misfortune B. change one’s mind C. notice the benefits D. make a start 65. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A. Most clients have a clear idea of whether they want a green building at the beginning. B. Green buildings are most likely to cost more money than conventional buildings. C. The commissioning process offers a good opportunity to bring up the subject of green design. D. Firms should avoid working with clients who reject green designs in their buildings. 66. The writer’s main purpose is to ________. A. explain the importance of communication when a building is commissioned B. emphasize the importance of green building design in protecting the environment C. explain to building owners why ignoring green issues is costly and dangerous D. inform professionals how they can influence clients to choose greener designs 69. Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. A period of important agricultural development began in the early 1700s in Great Britain and the Low Countries(Belgium, Luxembourg. and the Netherlands, which lie below sea level). ____67____ One of the most important of these developments was an improved horse-drawn seed drill invented by Jethro Tull in England. Until that time，farmers sowed seeds by hand. Tull’s drill made rows of holes for the seeds. By the end of the 18th century, seed drilling was widely practiced in Europe. Many other machines were developed in the United States. ___68___ At about the same time，John and Hiram Pitts introduced a horse-powered thresher (脱粒机) that shortened the process of separating grain and seed from straw. John Deere’s steel plow (犁), introduced in 1837, made it possible to work the tough soil with much less horsepower. Along with new machines，there were several important advances in selective farming. By selectively breeding animals (breeding those with desirable traits), farmers increased the size and productivity of their livestock. Plants could also be selectively bred for certain qualities. In 1866, Gregor Mendel’s studies in heredity (遗传) were published in Austria. ___69___ His work paved the way for improving crops through genetics. New crop planting methods also evolved during this time. Many of these were adopted over the next century or so throughout Europe. For example，the Norfolk four-field system, developed in England，proved quite successful. It involved the yearly rotation (轮作) of several crops, including wheat, turnips, barley, clover, and ryegrass. ____70____ Moreover, this method enabled farmers to grow enough to sell some of their harvest without having to leave any land unplanted. Not all parts of the world benefited from these developments instantly. However，farmers in other parts such as Australia and Africa continued to use old ways of agriculture for a long time. A. This could add desired nutrients to the soil thanks to the rich variety of crops. B. Over centuries, the growth of agriculture contributed to the rise of civilizations. C. In experiments with pea plants, he learned how traits were passed from one generation to another. D. In the 1830s Cyrus McCormick’s harvesting machine helped modernize the grain-cutting process. E. This helped to produce extra food to trade for other goods and allowed people to work at other tasks. F. New agricultural inventions dramatically increased food production in Europe and European colonies. IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 71. He ______________________ the differences between all kinds of cultures. (interested) 他对探索不同文化间的差异很感兴趣。 72. ______________________, the headmaster delivered a speech encouraging us to pursue our dreams. 在典礼伊始，校长发表讲话鼓励我们追逐梦想。（beginning） 73. ________________ scrolling through short videos takes up much of teenagers’ spare time and weakens their self-control. 沉迷刷短视频占用青少年大量课余时间，削弱他们的自控力。（addicted） 74. Many people hold the view that the stress teenagers suffer ____________ fierce competition in study. 许多人认为青少年承受的压力与激烈的学业竞争密切相关。（related） 75. Make sure you ____________________________, as your behavior just now was terribly impolite. 务必为你的所作所为道歉，因为你刚才的行为非常无礼。 76. 他花了三个多星期习惯了高中的快节奏生活。（accustom）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 77. 去年暑假我们游览了佛罗伦萨（Florence），曾经众多杰出的艺术家曾在此生活与工作。（where）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________ 78. 超乎所有人意料的是，他的写作作业得了一个高分，这令他十分得意。（which）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 79. 许多高一新生参与了丰富多彩的课外活动，利用学校资源，使自己适应全新的高中生活。（adapt）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 80. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 步入高中，高一新生在学业、人际交往、兴趣爱好、时间管理以及个人志向确立等方面都面临诸多新挑战。有人适应顺畅，也有人艰难摸索。你是否认同：开局顺利与否，决定了高考结果，甚至人生所能抵达的高度? 请结合你自己的高中生活开端谈谈你的看法。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $