精品解析：上海市川沙中学2026-2027学年高一上学期11月期中英语试题

上海市川沙中学2026学年第一学期高一英语期中考试 考生注意： 1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 2．答卷前，务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚填写班级、姓名、准考证号。 3．考试时间：90分钟。 第Ⅰ卷（共83分） Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (20分) Section A (10%) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. She will have cheesecake. B. She will have pie and ice-cream. C. She will have chocolate cake. D. She will have ice-cream. 2. A. She can’t see the museum. B. Her glasses are wrong. C. She loses her glasses. D. She can’t see the time on the sign. 3. A. She is glad. B. She is surprised. C. She is moved. D. She is doubtful. 4. A. Her job is to browse the books. B. She likes killing time by browsing books. C. She lives near the library. D. She felt being at home in the library. 5. A. He is going to ski this afternoon. B. He will probably not go skiing this afternoon. C. He doubts that the weather will be bad. D. He will go skiing if the weather is bad. 6. A. His brother ate the food all. B. His brother did some cleaning to the fridge. C. His brother took out all the food. D. His brother likes food very much. 7. A. She suggests not going to the concert. B. She suggests changing to another day. C. She suggests changing the nephew’s T-shirt. D. She suggests that the man change his T-shirt. 8. A. He would drive the woman to school right now. B. He would send the woman’s car to a repair shop. C. He would go to the clinic first. D. He would lend his car to the woman. 9. A. She doesn’t agree with the man. B. She doesn’t understand what the man means. C. She thinks psychologists are wrong. D. She has no idea what psychologists have done. 10. A. She took part in the show, too. B. She had a good time at the show. C. She watched just part of the show. D. She was clear of the whole thing. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. A handbag with an explosive device. B. An unknown handbag. C. An explosive device. D. An explosive handbag. 12. A. They should leave the seats as soon as possible. B. They should make their way out quietly and orderly. C. They only need to care for themselves. D. They should make their way out by exit 2. 13. A. In a shopping mall. B. At a supermarket. C. In a theater. D. In a children’s garden. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. A television set. B. A remote control. C. A screen. D. An aid substractor. 15. A. She likes watching advertisements with loud volume. B. She uses the remote control to reduce the volume sometimes. C. She made the invention all by herself. D. She invented the telephone answering machine. 16. A. It must be attached to the back of the remote control. B. She must preset the volume each time she turns on the TV. C. The remote control must always be pointed directly at the TV set. D. The volume must be set twice of the program. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. It’s about the steps in making a speech. B. It’s about the importance of speech. C. It’s about how to get a good grade. D. It’s about the importance of the listeners. 18. A. The influence of the speech. B. The listeners of the speech. C. The subject of the speech. D. The purpose of the speech. 19. A. Entertainment. B. How to inform the audience. C. Organizing thoughts. D. Grade. 20. A. Write down whatever comes to mind. B. Inform the audience about the subject. C. Make the audience laugh. D. Think of the listeners. Ⅱ. Grammar and vocabulary (25%) Section A (15%) Directions: Read the following sentences carefully and choose the best answer. 1. I, who ________ your friend, will try my best to help you. A. be B. am C. are D. is 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：我，作为你的朋友，会尽我最大的努力帮助你。系动词be作定语从句中谓语，句中陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态，主语who指代先行词I，be动词应用am。 2. We are living in an age ________ many things are done on the smart phone. A. at which B. that C. when D. on which 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：我们生活在一个许多事情都在智能手机上完成的时代。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是age，在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。 3. At the end of the 19th century, Shanghai ________ a small town on the Huangpu River, far from what it is today. A. had remained B. remained C. was remained D. was remaining 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：在19世纪末，上海仍然是黄浦江畔的一个小镇，与今天的情况相去甚远。系动词remain(保持，仍然是)作谓语，结合时间状语“At the end of the 19th century”可知，描述过去的状态，需使用一般过去时态，其过去式是remained。 4. The church tower which will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：正在修建的教堂很快对游客开放，所有的工作其中就绪。根据 will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.可知教堂正在被修建，所以本句为现在进行时的被动语态。故选D项。 5. Make sure each vehicle ________ carefully. We will be in great trouble if there should be something wrong with them on the way. A. has checked B. checks C. be checked D. is checked 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：确保每一辆车都被仔细检查过了。如果它们在路上出了什么问题，我们将会有大麻烦。此处为make sure 后的宾语从句的谓语动词，根据主句的谓语动词make可知，此处使用一般现在时态，主语“each vehicle”（每一辆车）与动词“check”（检查）之间是被动关系，即车是被检查的对象，因此从句需使用一般现在时态的被动语态，其结构为“be done”，主语为第三人称单数，所以be动词为is。 6. The town ________ you visited last month is the one ________ Einstein was born. A. where… where B. which… which C. that… where D. that… which 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：你上个月参观的那个小镇就是爱因斯坦出生的那个小镇。第一空先行词为The town，指物，关系词在定语从句中作及物动词visited的宾语，需用关系代词that或which；第二空先行词为the one（指代the town），关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where。 7. He's such a remarkable tennis player ______________ seems to get the credit he deserves． A. that B. as C. which D. whom 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他是一位杰出的网球运动员，似乎得到了他应得的荣誉。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，当先行词被such修饰时，定语从句中关系代词应用as。故选B。 8. The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, _________ is often the case in other countries. A. what B. as C. so D. that 【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】考查定语从句。 【详解】句意：英国人对于不同的文化和其他的行为方式不是很熟悉，在其他国家情况也是如此。先行词为前面的一句话，先行词在定语从句中作主语，且该定语从句为非限制性定语从句，故答案为B项。 【点睛】误区点拨：本题易误选A项，考生误以为本题考查“so...that...”句型，首先“so...that...”句型中的that从句前不必加逗号，此外，“so...that...”句型中that从句为结果状语从句，结果状语从句句子应完整，而本句中“is often the case in other countries”并不完整，且意思也不对，故排除A项。 9. The school has implemented an educational system ________ core principle is to cultivate students’ comprehensive abilities rather than just focusing on academic scores. A. where B. whose C. through which D. of which 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：该校推行了一套教育体系，其核心原则是培养学生综合能力，而非只看重学业成绩。A. where哪里；B. whose谁的；C. through which通过哪个；D. of which……的。此处考查定语从句关系词，先行词为an educational system，指物，关系词在从句中作core principle的定语，应用关系代词whose引导，表示所属关系。故选B项。 10. I ________ to come over to see you yesterday afternoon, but someone ________ and I couldn’t possibly get away. A. intended; had called B. had been intending; had been calling C. was intending; was calling D. had intended; called 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我本打算昨天下午去看你的，但有人打电话来，我走不开。根据句意，第一空表示“原本计划做某事，但未做成”，用固定结构had intended to do sth.，即had intended；第二空，谓语动词call意为“打电话”，描述的是过去发生的动作，用一般过去时态called。故选D项。 11. The mayor says that all construction work for the National Games ________ by the end of this month. A. has been completed B. has completed C. will have completed D. will have been completed 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：市长表示，全国运动会的所有建设工作将于本月底前全部完成。根据时间状语by the end of this month可知，句子应该用将来完成时；句子的主语all construction work与谓语动词complete之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故选D项。 12. The photo reminds us of the days ________ we spent on campus. A. when B. on which C. in which D. that 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：这张照片让我们想起了在校园度过的日子。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是days，指物，关系词在从句中作spent的宾语，可用that或which。 13. The curious child didn’t believe the fact ________. A. that most of them thought it to be true B. most of them thought to be true C. what most of them thought was true D. as most of them thought true 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：这个好奇的孩子不相信大多数人认为是真实的那个事实。分析句子结构可知，此空为修饰先行词the fact的定语从句。在定语从句中，关系代词that或which代替先行词the fact，在从句中作动词thought的宾语，构成“think sth. to be true (认为某事是真的)”结构。关系代词在从句中作宾语，可以省略。(注意：选项A中多余了宾语it；选项C中what不能引导定语从句；选项D中as引导限制性定语从句时通常与such或the same连用。) 14. It’s reported that by the end of this year the output of cars of the factory ________ by about 20%. A. will have risen B. will be raised C. will rise D. will have been risen 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】本题考查将来完成时。解题步骤：1. 确定时态：由by the end of this year可知，表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作，所以本句用将来完成时。句意：据报道，到今年年底，这家工厂的汽车产量将增加20%左右。故选A项。 15. The moment ________ the bomb exploded became the most terrifying one that the survivors had ever experienced, and yet, the moment ________ they saw the rescue team arriving, a wave of relief washed over them. A. when; / B. /; when C. when; when D. /; / 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：炸弹爆炸的那一刻，是幸存者经历过最恐怖的瞬间；但在他们看到救援队抵达的那一刻，一阵宽慰之感涌上心头。 第一空引导限制性定语从句，先行词the moment，且关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导该从句； 第二空：the moment作连词，意为 “一……就”，引导时间状语从句，无需加连接词。 Section B (10%) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. filled B. appealing C. contract D. digitally E. endangered F. enhance G. generated H. relate I. surfacing J. universally K. worth Can You Believe the Documentary You’re Watching? Like a fast-spreading virus, AI-generated video has suddenly been everywhere. It has ____16____ our social media pages and entered political account. But documentary makers have been ready for its influence long before most of us learned what this technology can do. Documentaries are built on truth, transparency (透明) and trust. If they use so-called AI-made materials but show them as “real”, it is not just a betrayal (背叛) of the ____17____ between filmmaker and audience. The results are much wider and more serious: a century of our shared history is ____18____. Rumors that documentary makers were using generative AI materials started ____19____ several years ago. Roadrunner, the 2021 film about Anthony Bourdain, caused a big argument when people found out that some of his voice lines were made by computer software. In 2023, some documentary producers set up the Archival Producers Alliance (档案制作者联盟) and published an open letter ___20___ to their industry for more transparency. A year later, they put out a list of good rules to follow. The main rule is openness and trust. The audience should be told when any AI tool is used — maybe to ____21____ a broken photo or make an audio file clearer. But one thing matters even more: These rules are about protecting history itself — about not damaging the historical record. If ____22____ material is used, the alliance says, the note should appear on screen while watching, not only in the ending credits. Why? Any online film can be ____23____ cut into small clips. A single clip then becomes part of “the archive”. People can find it online without the full story of the film. It is easy for viewers to think the clip is real. Believe it or not, once AI software is ____24____ easy to get, anyone can quickly make a video of almost anything. Our history is ____25____ protection, and we all need to help solve this problem. 【答案】16. A 17. C 18. E 19. I 20. B 21. F 22. G 23. D 24. J 25. K 【解析】 【导语】本文探讨AI生成视频给纪录片行业带来的危机，行业出台准则，强调透明标注AI素材以守护真实史料。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：它已经充斥我们的社交媒体页面，并进入政治账号。本句为现在完成时，has后接过去分词；根据上文“AI-generated video has suddenly been everywhere”可知，这些AI生成的视频充斥着社交媒体页面，动词fill的过去分词filled符合题意，be filled with表示“充满”。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：如果他们使用所谓的AI制作素材却将其展示为“真实的”，这就不只是对制片人与观众之间契约的背叛。空处作介词of的宾语，结合上文“If they use so-called AI-made materials but show them as “real””可知，这种行为不仅是对制片人和观众之间隐性契约的背叛，名词contract“契约”符合题意。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：造成的影响更广、更严重：我们一个世纪的共同历史正处于危险之中。空处作表语，endangered 表示濒临危险的，此处作表语，呼应上文“more serious”推测，此处指历史处于危险中，形容词endangered“处于危险之中的”。 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：关于纪录片制作者使用生成式人工智能素材的传闻在几年前就开始浮现。根据下文“Roadrunner, the 2021 film about Anthony Bourdain, caused a big argument when people found out that some of his voice lines were made by computer software.”可知，关于纪录片制作者使用生成式人工智能素材的传闻在几年前就开始浮现，动词surface的动名词形式surfacing符合题意，作start的宾语。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：2023年，一些纪录片制片人成立档案制作者联盟，并发布一封致行业的公开信，呼吁提高透明度。根据下文“their industry for more transparency”可知，此处指呼吁提高透明度，appeal to表示“呼吁”；此处现在分词appealing作后置定语修饰an open letter。 【21题详解】 考查动词。句意：当使用任何人工智能工具时都应当告知观众 —— 或许是用来修复破损照片或是让音频文件更清晰。根据下文“a broken photo or make an audio file clearer”可知，此处指提升破损照片（的清晰度），enhance“改善，提升”符合题意，不定式符号to后接动词原形。 【22题详解】 考查形容词。句意：该联盟表示，如果使用了生成素材，播放时屏幕上就应当出现标注，而不仅仅放在片尾字幕里。空处修饰名词material，本文主要探讨AI生成视频给纪录片行业带来的危机，故此处指“生成的素材”，形容词generated“生成的”符合题意。 【23题详解】 考查副词。句意：任何线上影片都可以被数字化地剪辑成小段片段。根据下文“cut into small clips”并结合AI场景可知，此处指影片被数字化剪辑，副词digitally“数字化地”符合题意。 【24题详解】 考查副词。句意：信不信由你，一旦人工智能软件可以被普遍获取，任何人都可以快速制作出几乎任何内容的视频。根据下文“anyone can quickly make a video of almost anything”可知，此处指人工智能软件可以被普遍获取，副词universally“普遍地”符合题意，修饰形容词easy。 【25题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我们的历史值得保护，并且我们都需要帮忙解决这个问题。结合常识可知，我们的历史是值得保护的，be worth + 名词，表示“值得……”。 Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (38%) Section A (15%) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, the music arts are ____26____ at the bottom of the list. Too often, music is viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an education which should be first taken into account. This view is ____27____. In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students. Music tells us who we are. Because music is an expression of the beings who create it, it ____28____ their thinking and values, as well as the social ____29____ it came from. Rock music ____30____ a lifestyle just as surely as does a Schubert song. The jazz influence that George Gershwin and other musicians introduced into their music is obviously American because it came from American musical ____31____. Music expresses our character and values. It gives us identity as a society. Music provides a kind of feeling that cannot be ____32____ any other way. ____33____ can explain how the sun rises and sets. The arts explore the emotional meaning of the same phenomenon. We need every possible way to discover and ____34____ to our world for one simple but powerful reason: No one way can get it all. The arts are forms of thought as powerful in what they communicate as mathematical and scientific symbols. They are ways we human beings “talk” to each other. They are the ____35____ of civilization through which we express our fears, our curiosities, our hungers, our discoveries, our hopes. The arts are ways we give form to our ideas and imagination so that they can be ____36____ others. When we do not give children ____37____ to an important way of expressing themselves such as music, we ____38____ from them the meanings that music expresses. Science and technology do not tell us what it means to be human. The ____39____ do. Music is an important way we express the meaning and value of peace and love. So music education is far more ____40____ than people seem to realize. 26. A. embarrassedly B. doubtfully C. unavoidably D. fortunately 27. A. aggressive B. shortsighted C. reasonable D. instructive 28. A. reflects B. promotes C. dominates D. changes 29. A. position B. benefit C. standard D. environment 30. A. takes in B. stands for C. makes up D. looks through 31. A. instruments B. families C. traditions D. seasons 32. A. acquired B. understood C. abandoned D. noticed 33. A. Music B. Entertainment C. Mathematics D. Science 34. A. stick B. refer C. lead D. respond 35. A. decisions B. languages C. features D. achievements 36. A. compared with B. regarded as C. shared with D. drawn from 37. A. solution B. access C. entrance D. direction 38. A. take away B. set aside C. draw up D. work out 39. A. parents B. teachers C. courses D. arts 40. A. enjoyable B. wasteful C. necessary D. negative 【答案】26. C 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. D 35. B 36. C 37. B 38. A 39. D 40. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了人们常轻视音乐教育，将其视作娱乐，实则这种看法短视。音乐能体现身份与价值、传递情感，是文明的语言，其教育意义远超人们认知。 【26题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当要求学生和家长根据重要性对各类学科进行排序时，音乐艺术学科必然会被排在最后一位。A. embarrassedly尴尬地；B. doubtfully怀疑地；C. unavoidably不可避免地，必然；D. fortunately幸运地。根据上文“Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important.(人们常说：“音乐固然不错，但并不重要。”)”可知，人们普遍认为音乐不重要，所以它必然排在最后，故选C。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种观点是目光短浅的。A. aggressive好斗的；B. shortsighted目光短浅的；C. reasonable合理的；D. instructive有启发性的。后文“In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students. Music tells us who we are.(事实上，音乐教育对所有学生都有益且十分重要。音乐能让我们了解自己是谁)”明确指出音乐教育有益且重要，说明“音乐不重要”的看法是错误的，目光短浅的，故选B。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为音乐是创作者内心情感的表达，所以它反映了创作者的思维和价值观，同时也体现了其产生的社会环境。A. reflects反思，反映；B. promotes促进；C. dominates统治；D. changes改变。根据后文“their thinking and values”可知，音乐是思想的载体，是对思想和价值观的体现、反映，故选A。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为音乐是创作者内心情感的表达，所以它反映了创作者的思维和价值观，同时也体现了其产生的社会环境。A. position位置；B. benefit利益；C. standard标准；D. environment环境。根据上文“as well as the social”可知，音乐诞生于特定的社会环境，会带上所处环境的印记，故选D。 【30题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：摇滚乐所代表的生活方式就如同舒伯特的歌曲一样，具有十足的代表性。A. takes in吸收；B. stands for代表；C. makes up组成；D. looks through浏览。根据后文“a lifestyle just as surely as does a Schubert song”可知，音乐是文化和生活方式的象征，故选B。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：乔治·格什温以及其他音乐家在其作品中融入的爵士乐元素显然是具有美国特色的，因为这些元素源自美国的音乐传统。A. instruments乐器；B. families家庭；C. traditions传统；D. seasons季节。根据上文“The jazz influence that George Gershwin and other musicians introduced into their music is obviously American because it came from American musical”可知，爵士乐是美国特有的音乐传统、文化传承，故选C。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：音乐所营造出的那种情感体验是通过其他方式无法获得的。A. acquired取得；B. understood理解；C. abandoned抛弃；D. noticed注意到。根据上文“Music provides a kind of feeling that cannot be”可知，这里强调音乐带来的独特情感体验，是其他途径无法获取的，故选A。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学能够解释太阳是如何升起和落下的。A. Music音乐；B. Entertainment娱乐；C. Mathematics数学；D. Science科学。后文提到“how the sun rises and sets”，为科学范畴。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们需要利用一切可能的途径去探索和应对我们的世界，原因很简单但意义重大：没有任何一种方式能够囊括一切。A. stick坚持；B. refer参考；C. lead领导；D. respond回答，回应。根据后文“to our world for one simple but powerful reason: No one way can get it all”可知，指人类用不同方式感知、回应世界。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们是文明的语言，通过这些语言，我们表达着自己的恐惧、好奇、渴望、发现、希望等情感。A. decisions决定；B. languages语言；C. features特点；D. achievements成就。前文“They are ways we human beings “talk” to each other.”说艺术是人类交流的方式，如同语言一样传递情感，故选B。 【36题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：艺术就是我们将自己的想法和想象转化为具体形式，并使之能够与他人分享的一种方式。A. compared with与……比较；B. regarded as将……认为；C. shared with与……分享；D. drawn from从……中得到。根据上文“The arts are ways we give form to our ideas and imagination so that they can be”可知，艺术的作用是传递、分享情感与思想，故选C。 【37题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我们不让孩子们接触一种重要的自我表达方式，比如音乐，那我们就剥夺了音乐所蕴含的意义。A. solution解决方案；B. access进入权；C. entrance入口；D. direction方向。根据后文“to an important way of expressing themselves such as music”可知，音乐是一种自我表达方式，短语access to意为“使用……的机会、接触……的权利”。故选B。 【38题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果我们不让孩子们接触一种重要的自我表达方式，比如音乐，那我们就剥夺了音乐所蕴含的意义。A. take away拿走；B. set aside留出；C. draw up起草；D. work out锻炼，解决。根据上文“we do not give children”可知，剥夺孩子接触音乐的机会，就是带走音乐带给他们的意义，故选A。 【39题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：而艺术却能告诉我们。A. parents父母；B. teachers老师；C. courses课程；D. arts艺术。根据后文“Music is an important way we express the meaning and value of peace and love.(音乐是我们表达和平与爱的意义与价值的重要方式)”可知，科技不能诠释何为人类，而艺术可以。故选D。 【40题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以音乐教育的重要性远超人们所意识到的那样。A. enjoyable令人愉快的；B. wasteful浪费的；C. necessary必要的；D. negative消极的。根据上文“Music is an important way we express the meaning and value of peace and love.(音乐是我们表达和平与爱的意义与价值的重要方式)”可知，文章核心观点是音乐教育是重要的、不可或缺的，故选C。 Section B (15%) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A If you have ever had a stent (支架) fitted to open a narrowed or blocked artery (动脉), it may have been a waste of time and money. A large study has just shown that people receiving a stent are no better off than those who have had a so-called “sham” operation. In this operation, the doctor puts in a catheter (导管) but does not really place a stent. The scientists behind the study divided 200 patients into two groups. One group had a stent fitted. The other had a sham operation. Neither group knew which treatment they got. After six weeks, the two groups reported similar improvements in their symptoms, such as chest pain or difficulty breathing. This is not the first time medicine has been surprised by the “placebo (安慰剂) effect”. The word “placebo” comes from Latin, meaning “I shall please”. A placebo is a substance or procedure with no medical effect, but it is given to a patient like a real treatment. The patient’s belief in the treatment can sometimes bring real improvements to their health. In the 1950s, a US anaesthetist (麻醉师) named Henry Beecher noticed many patients felt less pain after receiving an injection of salt water. Beecher recorded many cases where patients got better after taking placebos. His work made placebos widely used in clinical trials. Researchers use them for comparison to test the effects of new drugs. But the placebo effect is not limited to pills and injections. In the 1990s, a Danish researcher, Asbjorn Hrobjartsson, examined all placebo studies he could find. He found that in most cases, there was no proof that placebos produced any real effect. However, newer research suggests the placebo effect is real, though scientists still do not fully understand it. One thing is clear: the mind has a strong influence on how the body reacts to treatment. The stent study tells us that in medicine, patients’ belief can matter as much as doctors’ actions. 41. What is true about the “sham” operation? A. It helps open blocked arteries. B. It costs more than a real stent operation. C. A catheter is used but no stent is placed. D. It proves that stents work well for patients. 42. How was the study conducted? A. 200 patients were divided into two groups without their knowledge. B. All the patients received a real stent operation. C. The doctors told each patient which procedure he would get. D. The two groups were compared after six months. 43. What can we learn about the placebo effect? A. It only works with pills and injections. B. It was first discovered by Henry Beecher. C. Patients’ belief may bring real improvements. D. It has been fully understood by scientists. 44. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Stent operations are no longer used in hospitals. B. The mind can influence how the body responds to treatment. C. Placebos are more effective than real medicine. D. Clinical trials should stop using placebos as a control. 【答案】41. C 42. A 43. C 44. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍支架假手术实验，阐释安慰剂效应以及心理对治疗效果的影响。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In this operation, the doctor puts in a catheter (导管) but does not really place a stent.(在这种手术中，医生会放入导管，但并不真正植入支架。)”可知，假手术会使用导管，但不放置支架。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The scientists behind the study divided 200 patients into two groups. One group had a stent fitted. The other had a sham operation. Neither group knew which treatment they got.(开展这项研究的科学家将200名患者分为两组。一组植入支架，另一组接受假手术。两组人都不知道自己接受的是哪一种治疗。)”可知，200名患者被分成两组，且他们不知情。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The patient’s belief in the treatment can sometimes bring real improvements to their health.(患者对治疗的信任有时可以让他们的健康状况得到真正改善。)”可知，患者的信念可能带来真实的好转。 【44题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“One thing is clear: the mind has a strong influence on how the body reacts to treatment. The stent study tells us that in medicine, patients’ belief can matter as much as doctors’actions.(有一点是明确的：心理对身体如何响应治疗有着很大影响。这项支架研究告诉我们，在医学上，患者的信念和医生的操作同等重要。)”可知，文章主旨是心理能够影响身体对治疗的反应。 B The following notice is displayed in a car park operated by Oxfordshire County Council. Oxfordshire County Council Car Park Charges Period of stay Charge Up to 1 hour £1.00 Up to 2 hours £1.80 Up to 3 hours £2.60 Up to 4 hours £3.30 Up to 5 hours £4.00 Up to 6 hours £4.50 Up to 10 hours £5.50 Up to 12 hours £6.50 Up to 16 hours £8.00 Up to 24 hours £10.00 Evening charge (6.30 pm-10 pm) No charge Overnight (10 pm-8 am) £2.00 Sunday No charge Bank Holiday No charge Lost tickets will be charged at the rate for the maximum stay. Pay and display machines are located at the entrance to the car park. Please note that the car park is closed between 10 pm and 8 am. 45. How much does it cost to park for up to 5 hours? A. £1.00. B. £3.30. C. £4.00. D. £4.50. 46. According to the notice, when is parking free? A. On Saturday and Sunday. B. Between 10 pm and 8 am. C. For the first two hours. D. Between 6.30 pm and 10 pm. 47. What will a driver who has lost his ticket have to pay? A. Nothing, because lost tickets are free of charge. B. £2.00, the overnight charge. C. £10.00, the charge for the maximum stay. D. £6.50, the charge for up to 12 hours. 【答案】45. C 46. D 47. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了牛津郡议会运营的停车场收费标准、免费时段及丢票处理规定。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据停车收费表中“Up to 5 hours”对应的“£4.00”可知，停车最多5小时收费4英镑。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据收费表中“Evening charge (6.30 pm-10 pm)”对应的“No charge”可知，晚上6:30至10点停车免费。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Lost tickets will be charged at the rate for the maximum stay.(丢失车票将按最长停车时段的费率收费。)”以及收费表中“Up to 24 hours”对应“£10.00”可知，丢失车票的司机需支付最长停车时段的费用10英镑。 C A busy brain can mean a hungry body. We often seek food after focused mental activity, like preparing for an exam. Researchers think that heavy bouts of thinking drain energy from the brain, whose capacity to store fuel is very limited. So the brain, sensing that it may soon require more calories (卡路里) to keep going, apparently stimulates bodily hunger, and even though there has been little in the way of physical movement or calorie consumption, we eat. This process may partly account for the weight gain so commonly seen in college students. Scientists at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and another institution recently experimented with exercise to counter such immoderately post--study food consumption. Gary Hunter, an exercise physiologist at U.A.B., oversaw the study. Hunter notes that tough activity both increases the amount of blood sugar and lactate (乳酸盐) — a byproduct of intense muscle contractions (收缩) — circulating in the blood and increases blood flow to the head. Because the brain uses sugar and lactate as fuel, researchers wondered if the increased flow of fuel-rich blood during exercise could feed an exhausted brain and reduce the urge to overeat. Thirty-eight healthy college students were invited to U.A.B.’s exercise lab to report what their favorite pizza was. At a later date, the volunteers returned and spent 20 minutes dealing with selections from college and graduate-school entrance exams. Next, half the students sat quietly for 15 minutes, before being given pizza. The rest of the volunteers spent those 15 minutes doing intervals on a treadmill: two minutes of hard running followed by about one minute of walking, repeated five times. Hunter says, that should stimulate the release of sugar and lactate into the bloodstream. These students were then allowed to gorge on pizza, too. But by and large, they did not overeat. In fact, the non-exercisers, however, consumed about 100 calories more. The study has limitations, of course. We only looked at lunch, Hunter says; the researchers do not know if the runners consumed extra calories at dinner. They also cannot tell whether other types of exercise would have the same effect as running, although Hunter says they suspect that if an activity causes someone to break into a sweat, it should also increase blood sugar and lactate, feeding the brain and weakening hunger’s call. 48. According to the passage, ______ may cause many college students to overeat and gain weight. A. a lot of energy-consuming mental activities B. numerous physical movements or calorie burning C. failure to resist the temptation of delicious food D. bodily hunger caused by physical growth 49. The underlined word “counter” is closest in meaning to ______. A. stimulate B. maximize C. balance D. prevent 50. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Running is more beneficial than walking. B. Sweating in exercise can make people hungrier. C. The amount of blood sugar and lactate can affect people’s appetite. D. When the brain feels exhausted, people tend to do exercise for relaxation. 51. Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. Mental activities can make people feel hungry. B. Physical exercise can make people refreshed and stay hungry. C. Sugar and lactate can help energize and restore people’s brain. D. It’s uncertain what types of exercise can effectively feed the brain. 【答案】48. A 49. D 50. C 51. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了饥饿产生的原因以及其带来的影响，而适当的运动可以消除饥饿。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“So the brain, sensing that it may soon require more calories (卡路里) to keep going, apparently stimulates bodily hunger, and even though there has been little in the way of physical movement or calorie consumption, we eat. This process may partly account for the weight gain so commonly seen in college students.(所以，大脑感觉自己可能很快就需要更多热量来维持运转，显然会因此刺激身体产生饥饿感。尽管几乎没有进行体力运动或出现热量消耗，我们还是会吃东西。这个过程可以部分解释大学生中常见的体重增加现象)”可知，过多的脑力活动可能会导致很多大学生吃得过多，体重增加。故选A。 【49题详解】 词义猜测题。根据文章第三段划线词前半句“Scientists at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and another institution recently experimented with exercise(阿拉巴马大学伯明翰分校和另一个机构的科学家们最近进行了实验通过运动)”可知，通过运动对抗学习后的暴饮暴食。由此可知，划线词counter是“对抗”之意。故选D。 【50题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Hunter notes that tough activity both increases the amount of blood sugar and lactate (乳酸盐) — a byproduct of intense muscle contractions(收缩) — circulating in the blood and increases blood flow to the head.(亨特指出，剧烈运动会增加血液中的血糖和乳酸盐含量——一种肌肉剧烈收缩的副产品——并增加流向头部的血液流量)”可知，血糖和乳酸含量会影响人们的食欲。故选C。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“They also cannot tell whether other types of exercise would have the same effect as running, although Hunter says they suspect that if an activity causes someone to break into a sweat, it should also increase blood sugar and lactate, feeding the brain and weakening hunger’s call.(他们也不知道其他类型的运动是否会产生与跑步相同的效果，不过亨特说，他们怀疑，如果一项运动让人出汗，它也应该会提高血糖和乳酸含量，为大脑提供营养，减弱饥饿感)”可知，体育锻炼可以使人精神焕发并消除饥饿。由此可知，选择项B“Physical exercise can make people refreshed and stay hungry.(体育锻炼可以使人精神焕发，保持饥饿)”描述不正确。故选B。 Section C (8%) Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Ten years ago, after two years as a postdoc (博士后), I found myself wondering whether I should take a different road. Up to that point, I had stuck to a pretty traditional path investigating cancer genetics, but I was losing interest in the research. At the same time, federal funding had flattened, which added to my dissatisfaction. _____52_____Then came the hard part: identifying a new career that would nurture my passion for science and allow me to make an impact with my work. As I was considering my options, I found inspiration in my first graduate school research tutor, whose work reminded me that scientists’ efforts away from the bench can be incredibly powerful. But I still didn’t know exactly what I should do. _____53_____ A colleague mentioned that a professor at a nearby 2-year college was training students to produce monoclonal antibodies (单株抗体) for labs on campus. I was impressed that the professor had taken on this type of ambitious project with relatively inexperienced students. Curious to find out more, I set up a meeting with John and was struck by his sincerity and the way he prioritised student training above grants, publications, and personal ambition. I could also see his passion for teaching, which reminded me of the dream to become a high school biology teacher. _____54_____ I found a faculty position and joined John at the same quiet junior college. Now, I effectively hold two positions: classroom instructor and research co-adviser of 15 inexperienced but eager undergraduates. Both roles give me a chance to help students transform themselves, which is enormously rewarding. _____55_____ It’s discouraging when others see both my students and me as less worthy because we are not at universities. We sometimes struggle to get access to federal funding, scientific conferences, and other resources and opportunities. My pay is below the standard at 4-year research institutions, even though my teaching workload is greater. But my occasional frustration is relieved by the thought of the students, who I have helped train. Looking back at these 10 years, I realise how much my work on this campus has helped me grow, both as an academic and a tutor. I’m grateful that I stepped away from a traditional career path and found a way to serve both the student and research communities in my own way, modest though it may be. A. However, my work has its challenges. B. Then a second bit of inspiration came my way. C. Distressed as I was, I resolved to pursue my interest in research. D. Besides the spiritual reward, there are other less apparent benefits. E. So I decided to leave the academic path to find a better match. F. Here, at last, was a way to combine my interest in science with my passion for teaching. 【答案】52. E 53. B 54. F 55. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者在博士后期间因失去研究兴趣和经费压力而离开传统科研道路，最终在两年制学院找到结合科研与教学热情的职业，并分享了其中的收获与挑战。 【52题详解】 上文“Up to that point, I had stuck to a pretty traditional path investigating cancer genetics, but I was losing interest in the research. At the same time, federal funding had flattened, which added to my dissatisfaction.(在那之前，我一直坚持一条相当传统的道路，研究癌症遗传学，但我对这项研究失去了兴趣。与此同时，联邦经费停滞不前，这加剧了我的不满)”描述了作者失去研究兴趣以及经费停滞带来的双重困扰，E选项“So I decided to leave the academic path to find a better match.(所以我决定离开学术道路，寻找更适合自己的方向)”与上文构成因果关系，基于上述困扰，作者决定离开传统学术道路。 【53题详解】 上文“As I was considering my options, I found inspiration in my first graduate school research tutor, whose work reminded me that scientists’ efforts away from the bench can be incredibly powerful. But I still didn’t know exactly what I should do.(当我考虑各种选择时，我从我的第一位研究生导师那里获得了灵感，他的工作提醒我，科学家在实验室之外的付出可以产生不可思议的力量。但我仍然不太清楚自己到底应该做什么)”指出作者从导师那里获得灵感但仍不清楚具体方向，B选项“Then a second bit of inspiration came my way.(然后，第二份灵感降临到我身上)”承接上文，引出下文另一份灵感的来源；下文“A colleague mentioned that a professor at a nearby 2-year college was training students to produce monoclonal antibodies (单株抗体) for labs on campus.(一位同事提到，附近一所两年制学院的一位教授正在培训学生为校园实验室生产单株抗体)”具体说明了第二份灵感——得知一位教授在两年制学院开展科研项目，与B选项中的“a second bit of inspiration”直接呼应，上下文语意连贯。 【54题详解】 上一段中“I could also see his passion for teaching, which reminded me of the dream to become a high school biology teacher.(我也看到了他对教学的热情，这让我想起了成为高中生物老师的梦想)”提到作者想起自己曾经想当生物老师的梦想，F选项“Here, at last, was a way to combine my interest in science with my passion for teaching.(终于，有了一种将我对科学的兴趣与我对教学的热情结合起来的方式)”承接上文，总结说明作者找到了将科研与教学相结合的职业道路；下文“I found a faculty position and joined John at the same quiet junior college.(我找到了一个教职，加入了约翰所在的那所安静的初级学院)”具体说明了作者采取的行动，与F选项中的“a way to combine”直接呼应，上下文语意连贯。 【55题详解】 设空处为段落主题句。下文“It’s discouraging when others see both my students and me as less worthy because we are not at universities. We sometimes struggle to get access to federal funding, scientific conferences, and other resources and opportunities. My pay is below the standard at 4-year research institutions, even though my teaching workload is greater.(当别人因为我和我的学生不在大学里而认为我们不够有价值时，这令人沮丧。我们有时难以获得联邦经费、科学会议及其他资源和机会。尽管我的教学工作量更大，我的工资却低于四年制研究机构的标准)”描述了作者在工作中面临的认可度、资源和待遇方面的困难。A选项“However, my work has its challenges.(然而，我的工作也有其挑战)”准确概括了本段主旨，与下文中的“discouraging”、“struggle”和“below the standard”直接呼应，符合段落主题句的功能。 第Ⅱ卷（共17分） Ⅰ. Words and Phrases (6%) Words (0.5*6) 汉译英 56. 常规，正常顺序 ________ 57. 描述，描绘n. ________ 58. 历史上重要的 ________ 59. 目的地 ________ 60. 昂贵的，奢华的 ________ 61. 当前，现代 adv. ________ 【答案】56. routine 57. description 58. historic 59. destination 60. luxurious 61. currently Phrases (1*3) 汉译英 62. 时间胶囊 ________________ 63. 视频剪辑 ________________ 64. 为……感到羞耻 ________________ 【答案】62. time capsule 63. video editing 64. be/feel ashamed of… Ⅱ. Translation (2%+2%+3%+4%) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 65. 生活中那些貌似简单的小确幸可能对我们更加重要。（seemingly）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Those seemingly simple small moments of certain happiness in life may be more important to us. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意，该句描述的是客观事实或普遍情况，全句使用一般现在时；表示“生活中那些貌似简单的小确幸”为主语，其中“那些”为those，位于句首，首字母需大写，“貌似简单的”使用副词seemingly修饰形容词simple，译为seemingly simple，“小确幸”译为small moments of certain happiness，“生活中”使用介词短语in life作后置定语；表示“可能”为情态动词may，“对……重要”为be important to，“更加”为more，使用情态动词may加系动词be构成系表结构，译为may be more important to us。 66. 唐朝，一个艺术和诗歌的鼎盛时期，见证了中国的辉煌文明。（see）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The Tang Dynasty, a golden age of art and poetry, saw the splendid civilization of China. 【解析】 【详解】表示“唐朝”表达为The Tang Dynasty，是专有名词，实词首字母需大写；表示 “一个艺术和诗歌的鼎盛时期”表达为a golden age of art and poetry；表示“（某段历史时期、某个地点）见证、经历某事件”可用动词see；因唐朝是已经结束的历史时期，句子需用一般过去时，故see变为过去式saw；表示“中国的辉煌文明”表达为the splendid civilization of China。 67. 下一次去一个新地方，务必提前下载好对你出行方便的应用程序。（next time）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Next time you go to a new place, be sure to download the applications convenient for your travel in advance. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意，该句描述的是对未来的建议或一般性规定，主句使用祈使句，从句使用一般现在时表将来；表示“下一次去一个新地方”作时间状语，其中“下一次”为Next time，引导时间状语从句，“去”为go to，“一个新地方”为a new place，所以从句译为Next time you go to a new place；表示“务必提前下载好对你出行方便的应用程序”为主句，使用祈使句结构，其中“务必”为be sure to，“下载”为download，“对你出行方便的”为convenient for your travel，作后置定语修饰“应用程序”applications，“提前”为in advance，所以主句译为be sure to download the applications convenient for your travel in advance。 68. 上海毫无疑问是中国最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一，这使得它成为了一个海纳百川的城市。（which）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 There is no doubt that Shanghai is one of the most popular tourist destinations in China, which makes it a highly inclusive city. 【解析】 【详解】陈述客观事实，为一般现在时。“毫无疑问”用固定句型There is no doubt that...；“中国最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一”表达为one of the most popular tourist destinations in China；句子为主系表结构；“这使得它成为了一个海纳百川的城市”处理成which引导的非限制性定语从句；“使得”为makes；“海纳百川的”表达为highly inclusive；“城市”为city。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 上海市川沙中学2026学年第一学期高一英语期中考试 考生注意： 1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 2．答卷前，务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚填写班级、姓名、准考证号。 3．考试时间：90分钟。 第Ⅰ卷（共83分） Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (20分) Section A (10%) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. She will have cheesecake. B. She will have pie and ice-cream. C. She will have chocolate cake. D. She will have ice-cream. 2. A. She can’t see the museum. B. Her glasses are wrong. C. She loses her glasses. D. She can’t see the time on the sign. 3. A. She is glad. B. She is surprised. C. She is moved. D. She is doubtful. 4. A. Her job is to browse the books. B. She likes killing time by browsing books. C. She lives near the library. D. She felt being at home in the library. 5. A. He is going to ski this afternoon. B. He will probably not go skiing this afternoon. C. He doubts that the weather will be bad. D. He will go skiing if the weather is bad. 6. A. His brother ate the food all. B. His brother did some cleaning to the fridge. C. His brother took out all the food. D. His brother likes food very much. 7. A. She suggests not going to the concert. B. She suggests changing to another day. C. She suggests changing the nephew’s T-shirt. D. She suggests that the man change his T-shirt. 8. A. He would drive the woman to school right now. B. He would send the woman’s car to a repair shop. C. He would go to the clinic first. D. He would lend his car to the woman. 9. A. She doesn’t agree with the man. B. She doesn’t understand what the man means. C. She thinks psychologists are wrong. D. She has no idea what psychologists have done. 10. A. She took part in the show, too. B. She had a good time at the show. C. She watched just part of the show. D. She was clear of the whole thing. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. A handbag with an explosive device. B. An unknown handbag. C. An explosive device. D. An explosive handbag. 12. A. They should leave the seats as soon as possible. B. They should make their way out quietly and orderly. C. They only need to care for themselves. D. They should make their way out by exit 2. 13. A. In a shopping mall. B. At a supermarket. C. In a theater. D. In a children’s garden. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. A television set. B. A remote control. C. A screen. D. An aid substractor. 15. A. She likes watching advertisements with loud volume. B. She uses the remote control to reduce the volume sometimes. C. She made the invention all by herself. D. She invented the telephone answering machine. 16. A. It must be attached to the back of the remote control. B. She must preset the volume each time she turns on the TV. C. The remote control must always be pointed directly at the TV set. D. The volume must be set twice of the program. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. It’s about the steps in making a speech. B. It’s about the importance of speech. C. It’s about how to get a good grade. D. It’s about the importance of the listeners. 18. A. The influence of the speech. B. The listeners of the speech. C. The subject of the speech. D. The purpose of the speech. 19. A. Entertainment. B. How to inform the audience. C. Organizing thoughts. D. Grade. 20. A. Write down whatever comes to mind. B. Inform the audience about the subject. C. Make the audience laugh. D. Think of the listeners. Ⅱ. Grammar and vocabulary (25%) Section A (15%) Directions: Read the following sentences carefully and choose the best answer. 1. I, who ________ your friend, will try my best to help you. A. be B. am C. are D. is 2. We are living in an age ________ many things are done on the smart phone. A. at which B. that C. when D. on which 3. At the end of the 19th century, Shanghai ________ a small town on the Huangpu River, far from what it is today. A. had remained B. remained C. was remained D. was remaining 4. The church tower which will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored 5. Make sure each vehicle ________ carefully. We will be in great trouble if there should be something wrong with them on the way. A. has checked B. checks C. be checked D. is checked 6. The town ________ you visited last month is the one ________ Einstein was born. A. where… where B. which… which C. that… where D. that… which 7. He's such a remarkable tennis player ______________ seems to get the credit he deserves． A. that B. as C. which D. whom 8. The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, _________ is often the case in other countries. A. what B. as C. so D. that 9. The school has implemented an educational system ________ core principle is to cultivate students’ comprehensive abilities rather than just focusing on academic scores. A. where B. whose C. through which D. of which 10. I ________ to come over to see you yesterday afternoon, but someone ________ and I couldn’t possibly get away. A. intended; had called B. had been intending; had been calling C. was intending; was calling D. had intended; called 11. The mayor says that all construction work for the National Games ________ by the end of this month. A. has been completed B. has completed C. will have completed D. will have been completed 12. The photo reminds us of the days ________ we spent on campus. A. when B. on which C. in which D. that 13. The curious child didn’t believe the fact ________. A. that most of them thought it to be true B. most of them thought to be true C. what most of them thought was true D. as most of them thought true 14. It’s reported that by the end of this year the output of cars of the factory ________ by about 20%. A. will have risen B. will be raised C. will rise D. will have been risen 15. The moment ________ the bomb exploded became the most terrifying one that the survivors had ever experienced, and yet, the moment ________ they saw the rescue team arriving, a wave of relief washed over them. A. when; / B. /; when C. when; when D. /; / Section B (10%) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. filled B. appealing C. contract D. digitally E. endangered F. enhance G. generated H. relate I. surfacing J. universally K. worth Can You Believe the Documentary You’re Watching? Like a fast-spreading virus, AI-generated video has suddenly been everywhere. It has ____16____ our social media pages and entered political account. But documentary makers have been ready for its influence long before most of us learned what this technology can do. Documentaries are built on truth, transparency (透明) and trust. If they use so-called AI-made materials but show them as “real”, it is not just a betrayal (背叛) of the ____17____ between filmmaker and audience. The results are much wider and more serious: a century of our shared history is ____18____. Rumors that documentary makers were using generative AI materials started ____19____ several years ago. Roadrunner, the 2021 film about Anthony Bourdain, caused a big argument when people found out that some of his voice lines were made by computer software. In 2023, some documentary producers set up the Archival Producers Alliance (档案制作者联盟) and published an open letter ___20___ to their industry for more transparency. A year later, they put out a list of good rules to follow. The main rule is openness and trust. The audience should be told when any AI tool is used — maybe to ____21____ a broken photo or make an audio file clearer. But one thing matters even more: These rules are about protecting history itself — about not damaging the historical record. If ____22____ material is used, the alliance says, the note should appear on screen while watching, not only in the ending credits. Why? Any online film can be ____23____ cut into small clips. A single clip then becomes part of “the archive”. People can find it online without the full story of the film. It is easy for viewers to think the clip is real. Believe it or not, once AI software is ____24____ easy to get, anyone can quickly make a video of almost anything. Our history is ____25____ protection, and we all need to help solve this problem. Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (38%) Section A (15%) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, the music arts are ____26____ at the bottom of the list. Too often, music is viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an education which should be first taken into account. This view is ____27____. In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students. Music tells us who we are. Because music is an expression of the beings who create it, it ____28____ their thinking and values, as well as the social ____29____ it came from. Rock music ____30____ a lifestyle just as surely as does a Schubert song. The jazz influence that George Gershwin and other musicians introduced into their music is obviously American because it came from American musical ____31____. Music expresses our character and values. It gives us identity as a society. Music provides a kind of feeling that cannot be ____32____ any other way. ____33____ can explain how the sun rises and sets. The arts explore the emotional meaning of the same phenomenon. We need every possible way to discover and ____34____ to our world for one simple but powerful reason: No one way can get it all. The arts are forms of thought as powerful in what they communicate as mathematical and scientific symbols. They are ways we human beings “talk” to each other. They are the ____35____ of civilization through which we express our fears, our curiosities, our hungers, our discoveries, our hopes. The arts are ways we give form to our ideas and imagination so that they can be ____36____ others. When we do not give children ____37____ to an important way of expressing themselves such as music, we ____38____ from them the meanings that music expresses. Science and technology do not tell us what it means to be human. The ____39____ do. Music is an important way we express the meaning and value of peace and love. So music education is far more ____40____ than people seem to realize. 26. A. embarrassedly B. doubtfully C. unavoidably D. fortunately 27. A. aggressive B. shortsighted C. reasonable D. instructive 28. A. reflects B. promotes C. dominates D. changes 29. A. position B. benefit C. standard D. environment 30. A. takes in B. stands for C. makes up D. looks through 31. A. instruments B. families C. traditions D. seasons 32. A. acquired B. understood C. abandoned D. noticed 33. A. Music B. Entertainment C. Mathematics D. Science 34. A. stick B. refer C. lead D. respond 35. A. decisions B. languages C. features D. achievements 36. A. compared with B. regarded as C. shared with D. drawn from 37. A. solution B. access C. entrance D. direction 38. A. take away B. set aside C. draw up D. work out 39. A. parents B. teachers C. courses D. arts 40. A. enjoyable B. wasteful C. necessary D. negative Section B (15%) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A If you have ever had a stent (支架) fitted to open a narrowed or blocked artery (动脉), it may have been a waste of time and money. A large study has just shown that people receiving a stent are no better off than those who have had a so-called “sham” operation. In this operation, the doctor puts in a catheter (导管) but does not really place a stent. The scientists behind the study divided 200 patients into two groups. One group had a stent fitted. The other had a sham operation. Neither group knew which treatment they got. After six weeks, the two groups reported similar improvements in their symptoms, such as chest pain or difficulty breathing. This is not the first time medicine has been surprised by the “placebo (安慰剂) effect”. The word “placebo” comes from Latin, meaning “I shall please”. A placebo is a substance or procedure with no medical effect, but it is given to a patient like a real treatment. The patient’s belief in the treatment can sometimes bring real improvements to their health. In the 1950s, a US anaesthetist (麻醉师) named Henry Beecher noticed many patients felt less pain after receiving an injection of salt water. Beecher recorded many cases where patients got better after taking placebos. His work made placebos widely used in clinical trials. Researchers use them for comparison to test the effects of new drugs. But the placebo effect is not limited to pills and injections. In the 1990s, a Danish researcher, Asbjorn Hrobjartsson, examined all placebo studies he could find. He found that in most cases, there was no proof that placebos produced any real effect. However, newer research suggests the placebo effect is real, though scientists still do not fully understand it. One thing is clear: the mind has a strong influence on how the body reacts to treatment. The stent study tells us that in medicine, patients’ belief can matter as much as doctors’ actions. 41. What is true about the “sham” operation? A. It helps open blocked arteries. B. It costs more than a real stent operation. C. A catheter is used but no stent is placed. D. It proves that stents work well for patients. 42. How was the study conducted? A. 200 patients were divided into two groups without their knowledge. B. All the patients received a real stent operation. C. The doctors told each patient which procedure he would get. D. The two groups were compared after six months. 43. What can we learn about the placebo effect? A. It only works with pills and injections. B. It was first discovered by Henry Beecher. C. Patients’ belief may bring real improvements. D. It has been fully understood by scientists. 44. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Stent operations are no longer used in hospitals. B. The mind can influence how the body responds to treatment. C. Placebos are more effective than real medicine. D. Clinical trials should stop using placebos as a control. B The following notice is displayed in a car park operated by Oxfordshire County Council. Oxfordshire County Council Car Park Charges Period of stay Charge Up to 1 hour £1.00 Up to 2 hours £1.80 Up to 3 hours £2.60 Up to 4 hours £3.30 Up to 5 hours £4.00 Up to 6 hours £4.50 Up to 10 hours £5.50 Up to 12 hours £6.50 Up to 16 hours £8.00 Up to 24 hours £10.00 Evening charge (6.30 pm-10 pm) No charge Overnight (10 pm-8 am) £2.00 Sunday No charge Bank Holiday No charge Lost tickets will be charged at the rate for the maximum stay. Pay and display machines are located at the entrance to the car park. Please note that the car park is closed between 10 pm and 8 am. 45. How much does it cost to park for up to 5 hours? A. £1.00. B. £3.30. C. £4.00. D. £4.50. 46. According to the notice, when is parking free? A. On Saturday and Sunday. B. Between 10 pm and 8 am. C. For the first two hours. D. Between 6.30 pm and 10 pm. 47. What will a driver who has lost his ticket have to pay? A. Nothing, because lost tickets are free of charge. B. £2.00, the overnight charge. C. £10.00, the charge for the maximum stay. D. £6.50, the charge for up to 12 hours. C A busy brain can mean a hungry body. We often seek food after focused mental activity, like preparing for an exam. Researchers think that heavy bouts of thinking drain energy from the brain, whose capacity to store fuel is very limited. So the brain, sensing that it may soon require more calories (卡路里) to keep going, apparently stimulates bodily hunger, and even though there has been little in the way of physical movement or calorie consumption, we eat. This process may partly account for the weight gain so commonly seen in college students. Scientists at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and another institution recently experimented with exercise to counter such immoderately post--study food consumption. Gary Hunter, an exercise physiologist at U.A.B., oversaw the study. Hunter notes that tough activity both increases the amount of blood sugar and lactate (乳酸盐) — a byproduct of intense muscle contractions (收缩) — circulating in the blood and increases blood flow to the head. Because the brain uses sugar and lactate as fuel, researchers wondered if the increased flow of fuel-rich blood during exercise could feed an exhausted brain and reduce the urge to overeat. Thirty-eight healthy college students were invited to U.A.B.’s exercise lab to report what their favorite pizza was. At a later date, the volunteers returned and spent 20 minutes dealing with selections from college and graduate-school entrance exams. Next, half the students sat quietly for 15 minutes, before being given pizza. The rest of the volunteers spent those 15 minutes doing intervals on a treadmill: two minutes of hard running followed by about one minute of walking, repeated five times. Hunter says, that should stimulate the release of sugar and lactate into the bloodstream. These students were then allowed to gorge on pizza, too. But by and large, they did not overeat. In fact, the non-exercisers, however, consumed about 100 calories more. The study has limitations, of course. We only looked at lunch, Hunter says; the researchers do not know if the runners consumed extra calories at dinner. They also cannot tell whether other types of exercise would have the same effect as running, although Hunter says they suspect that if an activity causes someone to break into a sweat, it should also increase blood sugar and lactate, feeding the brain and weakening hunger’s call. 48. According to the passage, ______ may cause many college students to overeat and gain weight. A. a lot of energy-consuming mental activities B. numerous physical movements or calorie burning C. failure to resist the temptation of delicious food D. bodily hunger caused by physical growth 49. The underlined word “counter” is closest in meaning to ______. A. stimulate B. maximize C. balance D. prevent 50. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Running is more beneficial than walking. B. Sweating in exercise can make people hungrier. C. The amount of blood sugar and lactate can affect people’s appetite. D. When the brain feels exhausted, people tend to do exercise for relaxation. 51. Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. Mental activities can make people feel hungry. B. Physical exercise can make people refreshed and stay hungry. C. Sugar and lactate can help energize and restore people’s brain. D. It’s uncertain what types of exercise can effectively feed the brain. Section C (8%) Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Ten years ago, after two years as a postdoc (博士后), I found myself wondering whether I should take a different road. Up to that point, I had stuck to a pretty traditional path investigating cancer genetics, but I was losing interest in the research. At the same time, federal funding had flattened, which added to my dissatisfaction. _____52_____Then came the hard part: identifying a new career that would nurture my passion for science and allow me to make an impact with my work. As I was considering my options, I found inspiration in my first graduate school research tutor, whose work reminded me that scientists’ efforts away from the bench can be incredibly powerful. But I still didn’t know exactly what I should do. _____53_____ A colleague mentioned that a professor at a nearby 2-year college was training students to produce monoclonal antibodies (单株抗体) for labs on campus. I was impressed that the professor had taken on this type of ambitious project with relatively inexperienced students. Curious to find out more, I set up a meeting with John and was struck by his sincerity and the way he prioritised student training above grants, publications, and personal ambition. I could also see his passion for teaching, which reminded me of the dream to become a high school biology teacher. _____54_____ I found a faculty position and joined John at the same quiet junior college. Now, I effectively hold two positions: classroom instructor and research co-adviser of 15 inexperienced but eager undergraduates. Both roles give me a chance to help students transform themselves, which is enormously rewarding. _____55_____ It’s discouraging when others see both my students and me as less worthy because we are not at universities. We sometimes struggle to get access to federal funding, scientific conferences, and other resources and opportunities. My pay is below the standard at 4-year research institutions, even though my teaching workload is greater. But my occasional frustration is relieved by the thought of the students, who I have helped train. Looking back at these 10 years, I realise how much my work on this campus has helped me grow, both as an academic and a tutor. I’m grateful that I stepped away from a traditional career path and found a way to serve both the student and research communities in my own way, modest though it may be. A. However, my work has its challenges. B. Then a second bit of inspiration came my way. C. Distressed as I was, I resolved to pursue my interest in research. D. Besides the spiritual reward, there are other less apparent benefits. E. So I decided to leave the academic path to find a better match. F. Here, at last, was a way to combine my interest in science with my passion for teaching. 第Ⅱ卷（共17分） Ⅰ. Words and Phrases (6%) Words (0.5*6) 汉译英 56. 常规，正常顺序 ________ 57. 描述，描绘n. ________ 58. 历史上重要的 ________ 59. 目的地 ________ 60. 昂贵的，奢华的 ________ 61. 当前，现代 adv. ________ Phrases (1*3) 汉译英 62. 时间胶囊 ________________ 63. 视频剪辑 ________________ 64. 为……感到羞耻 ________________ Ⅱ. Translation (2%+2%+3%+4%) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 65. 生活中那些貌似简单的小确幸可能对我们更加重要。（seemingly）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 66. 唐朝，一个艺术和诗歌的鼎盛时期，见证了中国的辉煌文明。（see）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 67. 下一次去一个新地方，务必提前下载好对你出行方便的应用程序。（next time）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 68. 上海毫无疑问是中国最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一，这使得它成为了一个海纳百川的城市。（which）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $