2027届高考英语语法一轮复习 第3讲 谓语动词的语态 导学案

2027届高考英语语法一轮复习 第3讲 谓语动词的语态 一、语态的定义 - 1 - 二、语态的分类 - 1 - 三、被动语态的构成 - 1 - 四、被动语态的用法 - 2 - 五、主动变被动 - 2 - 六、无被动语态 - 3 - 七、主动表被动 - 3 - 【实战演练】 - 4 - 【链接高考】 - 4 - 一、语态的定义 语态：主语与谓语动词之间的关系 二、语态的分类 主动语态：主语是动作的执行者 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者 三、被动语态的构成 be + 及物动词过去分词 四、被动语态的用法 1.不知道动作的执行者或没必要指明谁是动作的执行者。 All the work has been finished by now. 所有的工作现在都已经完成了。 The window glass was broken by a stone. 窗户玻璃是被石头打碎的。 2.强调动作的承受者。 Health is valued above everything. 健康高于一切。 3.在文章标题、广告、新闻等中。 Summer camp helpers wanted. 招夏令营助手。[人教版选择性必修四U5课文]（广告标题，省略了助动词are) 五、主动变被动 1.步骤 (1)宾变主，主变宾：把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语。原来主动语态句中的主语，如果需要，就放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现。如果没有必要就可以省略。 (2)主改被：把动词改为被动形式，即 “be + 过去分词” 。be动词要按新的主语的人称和数进行变化，时态要和原来的主动语态的时态保持一致。 (3)其他不变：其他的成分 (定语、状语) 不变。句式也不能变。 2.特殊用法 a.双宾语动词变被动语态有两种变法，直接宾语（物）或间接宾语（人）都能作主语 His friend sent him a card. →A card was sent to him by his friend. →He was sent a card by his friend. 常见接to的双宾语动词：give，pass，lend，write，show，send，hand，bring，offer，owe，pay，promise，read，sell，take，teach等 常见接for的双宾语动词：buy，draw，make，build，choose，cook，find，fix，leave，order，pick，sing，prepare等 解题技巧：若双宾语动词后只有一个宾语，通常填被动语态 b.以下使役动词和感官动词在主动语态中使用不带to的动词不定式做宾补，但变为被动语态时，to不能省略 一感 feel 二听 listen to, hear 三使 let, have, make 五看 watch, see, look at, notice, observe We often see him play basketball. →He is often seen to play basketball by us. c.情态动词的被动语态 情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。 The homework can’t be done in such a short time. 【例题】 （2024·全国甲卷）What should ______ (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. （2022·浙江卷）To understand a painting, we're taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting ______ (appreciate) by someone who's blind? 六、无被动语态 1.所有的不及物动词（短语）不能用于被动语态之中。常见的有： 五发生：happen，take place，break out，occur，come about stay，remain，appear，exist；pay off 得到回报；come out 出版；give out/run out 用完；weigh/measure/stand + 数字（重达/测量达/高达……）等 【例题】 （2010·重庆卷·单选改编语法填空）The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building ______(remain) now. （2019 全国III卷·短文改错改编语法填空）Great changes ______(take) place in my hometown in the past ten years. 2.有些及物动词（短语）不用于被动语态。常见的有： date from/date back to 可追溯到；belong to 属于；consist of 由……组成；suffer from 遭受；lack 缺少；suit 适合；have；wish等 3.宾语是反身代词或相互代词（each other）时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。 He taught himself English. 七、主动表被动 1.系动词+形容词构成系表结构用主动语态表被动意义。 系动词： a.状态类 be b.感官类 look，sound，smell，taste，feel c.持续类 keep，remain，stay d.变化类 become，get，turn，grow，go，fall e.似乎类 seem，appear f.结果类 prove，turn out The steel feels cold. His plan proved practical. 2.表示开关、营业的动词，如open, close, stop, lock, shut等，用主动语态表被动意义。 The shop closes at 6 p.m. every day. 3.表示主语（通常是物）的某种属性或特征的动词做不及物动词时，如read, write, act, iron, cut, draw, drive, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink等用主动语态表被动意义。 Your speech reads well. 你的演讲稿读起来很流畅。 This kind of pen writes smoothly. 这种笔写起来很顺滑。 【例题】 （2020·天津卷·单选改编语法填空）This kind of cloth _________(wash) well and _________(last) long. 4.少数动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动含义，如print, cook, fry, build, make。 The books are printing. 这些书正在排印中。 The meat is cooking. 肉在煮。 5.表示某些“需要、要求”意义的动词，如deserve、need、want、require等后的动名词的主动语态形式表示被动意义。 The bike needs mending. 这辆自行车需要修理。 The story requires reading carefully. 这篇故事需要仔细阅读。 6.be worth doing（值得做）；be to blame（受谴责）；be to let（出租）用主动形式表示被动含义。 The book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得读。 7.不定式作定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成被动关系，表示被动意义。 I have lots of homework to do today. 今天我有许多家庭作业要做。 【实战演练】 1.(2025·山东日照三模)Up to now, their achievements ____________________(apply) across nearly 50,000 mu in Hotan and neighbouring areas.  2.(2025·新高考八省最后一卷)After the release of SM3, dozens of industry standards in the password⁃related fields ____________________(release) and the country’s understanding of cyber security issues became clearer and deeper.  3.(2025·湖北黄冈中学三模)The event marked the arrival of China’s and also the world’s second⁃ever spacecraft on the far side, which ____________________(believe) by scientists to hold clues to many mysteries surrounding the moon and the solar system.  【链接高考】 1.(2025·北京卷)Usually, better outcomes ____________________(achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance.  2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six⁃meter⁃tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ____________________(build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.  3.(2024·北京卷)On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ____________________(name) the world’s oldest living man.  1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2027届高考英语语法一轮复习 第3讲 谓语动词的语态 一、语态的定义 - 1 - 二、语态的分类 - 1 - 三、被动语态的构成 - 1 - 四、被动语态的用法 - 2 - 五、主动变被动 - 2 - 六、无被动语态 - 3 - 七、主动表被动 - 4 - 【实战演练】 - 4 - 【链接高考】 - 5 - 一、语态的定义 语态：主语与谓语动词之间的关系 二、语态的分类 主动语态：主语是动作的执行者 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者 三、被动语态的构成 be + 及物动词过去分词 四、被动语态的用法 1.不知道动作的执行者或没必要指明谁是动作的执行者。 All the work has been finished by now. 所有的工作现在都已经完成了。 The window glass was broken by a stone. 窗户玻璃是被石头打碎的。 2.强调动作的承受者。 Health is valued above everything. 健康高于一切。 3.在文章标题、广告、新闻等中。 Summer camp helpers wanted. 招夏令营助手。[人教版选择性必修四U5课文]（广告标题，省略了助动词are) 五、主动变被动 1.步骤 (1)宾变主，主变宾：把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语。原来主动语态句中的主语，如果需要，就放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现。如果没有必要就可以省略。 (2)主改被：把动词改为被动形式，即 “be + 过去分词” 。be动词要按新的主语的人称和数进行变化，时态要和原来的主动语态的时态保持一致。 (3)其他不变：其他的成分 (定语、状语) 不变。句式也不能变。 2.特殊用法 a.双宾语动词变被动语态有两种变法，直接宾语（物）或间接宾语（人）都能作主语 His friend sent him a card. →A card was sent to him by his friend. →He was sent a card by his friend. 常见接to的双宾语动词：give，pass，lend，write，show，send，hand，bring，offer，owe，pay，promise，read，sell，take，teach等 常见接for的双宾语动词：buy，draw，make，build，choose，cook，find，fix，leave，order，pick，sing，prepare等 解题技巧：若双宾语动词后只有一个宾语，通常填被动语态 b.以下使役动词和感官动词在主动语态中使用不带to的动词不定式做宾补，但变为被动语态时，to不能省略 一感 feel 二听 listen to, hear 三使 let, have, make 五看 watch, see, look at, notice, observe We often see him play basketball. →He is often seen to play basketball by us. c.情态动词的被动语态 情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。 The homework can’t be done in such a short time. 【例题】 （2024·全国甲卷）What should ______ (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. 【答案】be done 【解析】主语 what 指物，与 do 是被动关系；情态动词 should 后接 be done 构成被动语态，be 用原形。故填 be done。 （2022·浙江卷）To understand a painting, we're taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting ______ (appreciate) by someone who's blind? 【答案】be appreciated 【解析】主语 a painting 与 appreciate 是被动关系，by someone who's blind 提示被动；置于情态动词 can 之后用 be done。故填 be appreciated。 六、无被动语态 1.所有的不及物动词（短语）不能用于被动语态之中。常见的有： 五发生：happen，take place，break out，occur，come about stay，remain，appear，exist；pay off 得到回报；come out 出版；give out/run out 用完；weigh/measure/stand + 数字（重达/测量达/高达……）等 【例题】 （2010·重庆卷·单选改编语法填空）The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building ______(remain) now. 【答案】remains 【解析】remain 意为"保留下来"，是不及物动词，没有被动语态。now 表明陈述现在的事实，用一般现在时。故填 remains。 （2019 全国III卷·短文改错改编语法填空）Great changes ______(take) place in my hometown in the past ten years. 【答案】have taken 【解析】in the past ten years提示用现在完成时。take place"发生"是不及物短语，没有被动语态。故填 have taken。 2.有些及物动词（短语）不用于被动语态。常见的有： date from/date back to 可追溯到；belong to 属于；consist of 由……组成；suffer from 遭受；lack 缺少；suit 适合；have；wish等 3.宾语是反身代词或相互代词（each other）时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。 He taught himself English. 七、主动表被动 1.系动词+形容词构成系表结构用主动语态表被动意义。 系动词： a.状态类 be b.感官类 look，sound，smell，taste，feel c.持续类 keep，remain，stay d.变化类 become，get，turn，grow，go，fall e.似乎类 seem，appear f.结果类 prove，turn out The steel feels cold. His plan proved practical. 2.表示开关、营业的动词，如open, close, stop, lock, shut等，用主动语态表被动意义。 The shop closes at 6 p.m. every day. 3.表示主语（通常是物）的某种属性或特征的动词做不及物动词时，如read, write, act, iron, cut, draw, drive, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink等用主动语态表被动意义。 Your speech reads well. 你的演讲稿读起来很流畅。 This kind of pen writes smoothly. 这种笔写起来很顺滑。 【例题】 （2020·天津卷·单选改编语法填空）This kind of cloth _________(wash) well and _________(last) long. 【答案】washes; lasts 【解析】wash、last 在此表示布料"耐洗、耐用"的固有属性，用主动形式表被动意义；且陈述客观特性，用一般现在时。故填 washes; lasts。 4.少数动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动含义，如print, cook, fry, build, make。 The books are printing. 这些书正在排印中。 The meat is cooking. 肉在煮。 5.表示某些“需要、要求”意义的动词，如deserve、need、want、require等后的动名词的主动语态形式表示被动意义。 The bike needs mending. 这辆自行车需要修理。 The story requires reading carefully. 这篇故事需要仔细阅读。 6.be worth doing（值得做）；be to blame（受谴责）；be to let（出租）用主动形式表示被动含义。 The book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得读。 7.不定式作定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成被动关系，表示被动意义。 I have lots of homework to do today. 今天我有许多家庭作业要做。 【实战演练】 1.(2025·山东日照三模)Up to now, their achievements have been applied(apply) across nearly 50,000 mu in Hotan and neighbouring areas.  解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据空前Up to now可知,本句时态应用现在完成时;主语与谓语构成被动关系,应用被动语态;主语achievements是名词复数,助动词用have。故填have been applied。 2.(2025·新高考八省最后一卷)After the release of SM3, dozens of industry standards in the password⁃related fields were released(release) and the country’s understanding of cyber security issues became clearer and deeper.  解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句中的After the release of SM3及动词became可知,应用一般过去时;主语dozens of industry standards与谓语动词release之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;主语为复数,助动词用were。故填were released。 3.(2025·湖北黄冈中学三模)The event marked the arrival of China’s and also the world’s second⁃ever spacecraft on the far side, which is believed(believe) by scientists to hold clues to many mysteries surrounding the moon and the solar system.  解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处为定语从句的谓语动词,从句陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时;从句主语which(指代the far side)与believe之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;主语为单数意义,助动词be用is。故填is believed。 【链接高考】 1.(2025·北京卷)Usually, better outcomes are achieved(achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance.  解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语Usually和语境可知,此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作,时态应用一般现在时;主语better outcomes和动词achieve“实现”之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;主语为复数,助动词be用are。故填are achieved。 2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six⁃meter⁃tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, was built(build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.  解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。空处在句中作谓语,根据空前的in 2017和Two years later可知,此处描述过去的事,应用一般过去时;主语是a six⁃meter⁃tall pavilion,与build之间是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态;主语为单数,助动词be用was。故填was built。 3.(2024·北京卷)On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood was named(name) the world’s oldest living man.  解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“On April 5, 2024”可知,此处描述过去发生的事,句子应用一般过去时;name与主语John Tinniswood之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;主语为单数,助动词be用was。故填was named。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $