Unit 5 Play by the rules(复习讲义)英语新教材外研版八年级上册

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Unit 5 Play by the rules(复习讲义) 复习要点 1、围绕“Play by the rules(遵守规则)”主题,复习公共场所的文明行为与规则意识,学会换位思考、关爱他人; 2、重点掌握opposite、noise、reduce、spread、whether、careless等核心词汇及make a noise、reduce by/to、spread out等相关短语; 3、能运用“as...as...”同级比较、if引导的条件状语从句、动词不定式作目的状语等核心句式与语法进行准确表达; 4、能围绕“遵守规则、共建文明”进行口头和书面表达,结合生活实际提出文明倡议,增强规则意识和社会责任感。 复习重难点 重点:“as...as...”同级比较;if引导的条件状语从句(主将从现);动词不定式作目的状语(to do / in order to / so as to do)。 难点:if条件句中“主将从现”及与“祈使句+and/or”的转换;动词不定式作目的状语与其他用法的辨别。 单元考点:单词、短语、句型 知识点1:Suddenly, a girl opposite me started playing loud music on her phone.  突然,我对面的一个女孩开始用她的手机播放大声的音乐。 【常见用法】 ①opposite作介词,意为“在……的对面”,相当于across from。 • The bookstore is opposite our classroom. 书店在我们教室的对面。 ②opposite还可作形容词,意为“相对的;相反的”,常用短语“be opposite to…”,意为“与……相反;与……相对立”。 • My opinion is opposite to my deskmate’s. 我的观点和我同桌的相反。 【易错提醒】opposite作形容词时,没有比较级和最高级的形式,且通常位于名词前作定语。 【即时小练】 1. The park is ______ (在……的对面) the new library. 【答案】opposite 【解析】句意:公园在新图书馆的对面。opposite此处为介词,后接地点名词,表示“在……对面”,故填opposite。 2. She went in the ______ (相反的) way and missed the bus stop. 【答案】opposite 【解析】句意:她朝相反的方向走,错过了公交站。opposite形容词,修饰名词way,作定语,意为“相反的”,故填opposite。 知识点2:I covered my ears in order to block the noise coming from Rock Girl.我捂住耳朵,以阻挡来自“摇滚女孩”的噪声。 【常见用法】 ①noise既可以作可数名词,也可以作不可数名词,意为“噪声;杂音”。 ②make a noise是固定短语,意为“制造噪声;发出声响”。 • Don’t make a noise in the school hall. 不要在学校礼堂制造噪音。 • I heard a strange noise outside my window last night. 昨晚我听见窗外一阵奇怪的杂音。 【易混辨析】noise、sound与voice的用法区别 易混词 词性 词义 用法区别 noise 名词 噪声;杂音 专指噪声和不悦耳的声音。 sound 名词 声音 泛指各种声音。 voice 名词 嗓音 多指人的说话声、歌声等。 【即时小练】 1. The boys shouldn’t make any ______ (noise) in the reading room. 【答案】noise 【解析】句意:男生们不应该在阅览室制造任何噪音。make noise 固定搭配“制造噪音”,any后接不可数名词noise,故填noise。 2. We can hear the ______ (voice / sound) of birds in the tree. 【答案】sound 【解析】句意:我们能听见树上鸟儿的声音。sound泛指自然界一切声音;voice多指人的嗓音。鸟叫属于自然界声音,故填sound。 知识点3:I covered my nose so as to reduce the smell coming from Mr Smelly Food. 我捂住鼻子,以减少来自“难闻食物先生”的气味。 ① reduce [rɪ'djuːs] v. 缩小;减少;降低 【常见用法】reduce的常用搭配:reduce by表示“降低了”;reduce to表示“降低到”。 • Our school tries to reduce waste by 30%. 我们学校设法把浪费减少30%。 • The price of the notebook was reduced to 5 yuan. 这款笔记本降价到5元。 • The good news spread quickly among students. 这个好消息在学生中间迅速传开。 【易错提醒】 reduce by + 减少的数量(降低了多少);reduce to + 降低到的数值(降低到多少)。如:The price was reduced by 10 yuan. 价格降低了10元。/ The price was reduced to 10 yuan. 价格降到了10元。 【即时小练】 1. The number of students in the club was reduced ______ 25. Now there are only 75 members.(介词填空) 【答案】to 【解析】句意:俱乐部的学生数量减少到25人,现在仅有75名成员。 reduce to 后接变化完成之后最终的数字,表示“降低到”,故填to。 2. The price of this basketball was reduced ______ 30 yuan, so it is much cheaper than before.(介词填空) 【答案】by 【解析】句意:这个篮球的价格降低了30元,所以它比之前便宜很多。 reduce by 后面接减少掉的数额,意为“降低了”,故填by。 知识点4:A programme's introduction helps people decide whether to listen or not.节目的介绍有助于人们决定是否听(它)。 【常见用法】 ①whether作连词,意为“是否”;其常用结构whether to do sth意为“是否做某件事”。 ②whether引导的名词性从句可在句中作主语、宾语或表语。 ③whether可引导让步状语从句,意为“不管;无论”。 • They can help you decide whether to ask a doctor for help. 他们可以帮助你决定是否向医生求助。 • Whether they consider this opinion or not is not clear. 他们是否考虑这个意见还不清楚。 • Whether it's the beginning of the night or the middle of the night, if you've been awake for 20 or 30 minutes, get up and reset. 无论是在夜晚的开始还是午夜,如果你已经醒了20或30分钟,起床并重新调整。 【易混辨析】whether与if的用法区别 易混词 相同点 不同点 whether 都可引导宾语从句,意为“是否”。 whether可以紧挨着or not且位于其之前。 • Nobody knows whether or not the technique works. 没人知道这项技术是否有用。 if ①if一般不与or not紧挨着。 • I'm not sure if it is the right road or not. 我不确定这是否是正确的路。 ②if可引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”。 • If you feel positive about your body, you are more likely to take care of it. 如果你对自己的身体感觉良好,你就更有可能照顾(好)它。 【即时小练】 1. She hasn’t made a decision ______ to take part in the speech competition. 【答案】whether 【解析】句意:她还没有决定是否参加演讲比赛。whether to do sth “是否做某事”,固定结构,不能用if替换,故填whether。 2. ______ you believe it or not, the fact is true. 【答案】Whether 【解析】句意:无论你信不信,这个事实是真的。whether…or not引导让步状语从句,置于句首首字母大写,填Whether。 知识点5:Change it often and don't be careless.经常更换它,不要粗心大意。 【常见用法】careless是形容词,在句中作定语或表语。 • He is a careless worker and he often makes mistakes. 他是个粗心的工人,他经常犯错误。 • Eric, you are too careless in your homework. 埃里克,你做作业太粗心了。 【联想拓展】与care相关的其他词: carelessly adv. 粗心地;不小心地;不仔细地 careful adj. 细心的;小心的;认真的 carefully adv. 细心地;小心地;认真地 【记忆口诀】care加后缀变新词:-less表“无”,粗心careless;-ful表“满”,细心careful;-ly变副词carefully/carelessly。 【即时小练】 1. You will lose points if you are ______ (care) in your test paper. 【答案】careless 【解析】句意:如果你试卷上粗心,你就会丢分。be动词后接形容词,结合语境“粗心”,填careless。 2. He ______ (careless) put his homework on the desk and left. 【答案】carelessly 【解析】句意:他粗心地把作业放在桌上就离开了。修饰动词put需要副词,careless副词形式carelessly,故填carelessly。 知识点6:My face turned as red as a tomato! 我的脸变得像番茄一样红了! 【句式结构】 ①“as...as...”意为“和……一样……”,两个as中间加形容词或副词的原级,用来进行同级比较,表示两者在某一方面相同。②其否定形式为“not as/so...as...”,意为“不如……”。 • My brother is as tall as my sister. 我弟弟和我妹妹一样高。 • This story is not as interesting as that one. 这个故事不如那个(故事)有趣。 【联想拓展】含有as的其他常见短语: ①as soon as 一……就…… ②as long as 只要 ③as...as possible 尽可能…… ④as well as 并且;还 【句式结构】 ①“as...as...”意为“和……一样……”,两个as中间加形容词或副词的原级,用来进行同级比较,表示两者在某一方面相同。②其否定形式为“not as/so...as...”,意为“不如……”。 • My brother is as tall as my sister. 我弟弟和我妹妹一样高。 • This story is not as interesting as that one. 这个故事不如那个(故事)有趣。 【联想拓展】含有as的其他常见短语: ①as soon as 一……就…… ②as long as 只要 ③as...as possible 尽可能…… ④as well as 并且;还 【即时小练】 1. Tom writes ______ ______ ______ (和……一样认真) his deskmate.(根据中文提示填空) 【答案】as carefully as 【解析】句意:汤姆书写和他的同桌一样认真。修饰动词writes要用副词carefully;“as+副词原级+as”表示同级比较“和……一样”,故填as carefully as。 2. 这个公园不如那个公园大。(完成句子) This park is ______ ______ ______ that one. 【答案】not as/so big as 【解析】句意:这个公园不如那个公园大。 not as/so +形容词原级+as 为同级比较否定形式,表示“不如……”;big是形容词原级,故填not as/so big as。 知识点7:If you find yourself in hot water, don't answer any bad messages.如果你发现自己陷入了困境,不要回任何不好的信息。 【句式结构】if作连词,意为“如果”时,用来引导条件状语从句。含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句表示假如从句中的动作发生,那么主句中的动作就会发生。 • Please call me if he is at home. 如果他在家的话,请给我打电话。 【易错提醒】当主句是祈使句或为一般将来时时,从句用一般现在时表示将来(主将从现)。 【联想拓展】含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句可以与“祈使句+and/or+表示一般将来时的句子”相互转换。 • If you study hard, you will pass the exam. = Study hard, or you will fail the exam. = Study hard, and you will pass the exam. (如果你)努力学习,你就会通过考试。/努力学习,否则你考试会失败。 【即时小练】 1. If it ______ (be) fine tomorrow, we ______ (go) to the park. 【答案】is;will go 【解析】句意:如果明天天气好,我们就去公园。if 引导条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则——主句用一般将来时(will go),从句用一般现在时表将来;从句主语 it 为第三人称单数,be 动词用 is,故填 is;will go。 2. Hurry up, ______ you will miss the early bus.(用 and / or 填空) 【答案】or 【解析】句意:快点,否则你会错过早班车。“祈使句+or+将来句”表示“否则/不然就……”,前后为转折否定关系,故填 or(若填 and 则表示“(如果快点)就会赶上”,与句意“错过”矛盾)。 单元语法:动词不定式 一、概念 动词不定式(to do)在句中说清“做某事是为了什么”,表示行为动作的目的,可译为“为了……/以便……”。 例:The WWF is working hard to save all the animals. 世界自然基金会正在努力(工作)以挽救所有动物。 例:She practises every day to improve her singing skills. 她每天练习,以提高自己的歌唱技巧。 判断窍门:把“to do”部分译成“为了……/以便……”能通顺,即作目的状语。 二、三种表达形式 ① 基本式:to do sth 位置:句首或句末均可。 例:Dylan trained hard to improve his basketball skills. Dylan 刻苦训练以提高篮球技术。 ② 强调式:in order to do sth 位置:句首或句末均可。 例:He's saving money in order to buy a new computer. 他攒钱为了买一台新电脑。 ③ 强调式:so as to do sth 位置:一般只放句末,不放句首。 例:Linda started work early so as to finish it by five. Linda 很早开始工作,以便五点前完成。 同一意思可换位:To improve his basketball skills, Dylan trained hard.(置于句首,用逗号隔开)= Dylan trained hard to improve his basketball skills. in order to / so as to 比单独的 to do 目的更明确、语气更强。 三、否定形式 表示“为了不……/以免……”: in order not to do sth / so as not to do sth (not 放在 to 之前,构成 not to do;不要写成 to not do。) 例:I've written it down in order not to forget it. 我把它记下来,以免忘记。 例:He walked quietly so as not to wake the baby. 他轻手轻脚地走,以免吵醒宝宝。 四、使用时易错点 1. 逻辑主语一致:目的状语的逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。 正:I got up early to catch the bus.(“我”早起,“我”赶车) 2. so as to 不放句首:句首表目的用 to do / in order to do。 正:In order to keep healthy, he runs every day. 误:So as to keep healthy, he runs every day. 3. 与目的状语从句区分: to do / in order to / so as to + 动词原形(短语) so that / in order that + 从句(主语+谓语) 例:He got up early so that he could catch the bus.(从句) 五、记忆口诀 to 表目的译“为了”,句首句尾都能搁; in order to 语气强,so as to 靠句末; 否定 not 放 to 前,主从一致别弄错。 【即时小练】 1. ______ (get) good grades, she studies hard every day. 【答案】To get 【解析】句意:为了取得好成绩,她每天努力学习。空格处表示“为了……”,作目的状语,用动词不定式;置于句首、首字母大写,故填 To get。 2. He left early ______ ______ ______ (为了不迟到) the meeting. 【答案】in order not to be late(或 so as not to be late) 【解析】句意:他很早离开,为了不迟到会议。“为了不……”用 in order not to do / so as not to do,否定词 not 放在 to 之前;late 是形容词“迟到的”,故填 in order not to be late。 ​3. Linda got up early ______ (catch) the first bus this morning. 【答案】to catch 【解析】句意:Linda 今天早起是为了赶上第一班公交车。表示目的用动词不定式 to do,故填 to catch。 4. 他小声说话,以免打扰别人。(完成句子) He spoke in a low voice ______ ______ ______ others. 【答案】so as not to trouble(或 in order not to trouble) 【解析】句意:他小声说话,为了不打扰别人。“以免/为了不”用 so as not to do / in order not to do;“打扰”用 trouble,故填 so as not to trouble。 (时间:30分钟) 一、单词拼写 1. Please keep quiet and don't make any n______ (噪声) in the library. 【答案】noise 【解析】句意:请保持安静,不要在图书馆制造噪声。“噪声”noise,make a noise意为“制造噪声”。故填noise。 2. The bank is o______ (在……的对面) the cinema in our town. 【答案】opposite 【解析】句意:银行在我们镇的电影院对面。opposite作介词,意为“在……的对面”。故填opposite。 3. We should r______ (减少) the use of plastic bags to protect the environment. 【答案】reduce 【解析】句意:为了保护环境,我们应该减少塑料袋的使用。reduce作动词,意为“减少”。故填reduce。 4. The news about the new library s______ (传播) quickly all over the school. 【答案】spread 【解析】句意:关于新图书馆的消息很快传遍了全校。spread的过去式和过去分词与原形相同,均为spread。故填spread。 5. I don't know w______ (是否) the meeting will be held tomorrow. 【答案】whether 【解析】句意:我不知道会议明天是否举行。whether作连词,意为“是否”,引导宾语从句。故填whether。 6. Be c______ (仔细的)! Don't be so careless with your homework. 【答案】careful 【解析】句意:仔细点!做作业不要这么粗心。careful意为“细心的”,与careless相对。故填careful。 二、单项选择 1. —How do you like the music? —It's too ______. Please turn it down. A. noise  B. noisy  C. noisily  D. voice 【答案】B 【解析】句意:——你觉得这首音乐怎么样?——太吵了。请把它关小点。此处需要形容词作表语,noisy意为“吵闹的”。故选B。 2. The girl sitting ______ me is my new classmate. A. opposite  B. across  C. along  D. behind of 【答案】A 【解析】句意:坐在我对面的女孩是我的新同学。opposite作介词,意为“在……的对面”。故选A。 3. The price of the bike was reduced ______ 20% last week. A. to  B. by  C. for  D. with 【答案】B 【解析】句意:这辆自行车的价格上周降低了20%。reduce by意为“降低了(多少)”,后接减少的数量;reduce to意为“降低到(多少)”,后接具体数值。故选B。 4. He got up early ______ catch the early bus. A. in order to  B. so that  C. in order that  D. as to 【答案】A 【解析】句意:他早起是为了赶上早班车。空格后为动词原形,作目的状语应用in order to(+动词原形);so that/in order that后接从句。故选A。 5. —Could you tell me ______ Mr Green will come to our school? —I'm not sure. A. that  B. whether  C. what  D. why 【答案】B 【解析】句意:——你能告诉我格林先生是否会来我们学校吗?——我不确定。根据答语“我不确定”可知,用whether引导宾语从句,意为“是否”。故选B。 6. This problem is ______ that one, so I can't work it out easily. A. not as easy as  B. as easy as  C. so easy than  D. easier as 【答案】A 【解析】句意:这道题不如那道题简单,所以我不能轻易解出来。“不如……”用not as/so...as...。故选A。 7. If it ______ tomorrow, we will stay at home. A. rains  B. will rain  C. rained  D. is raining 【答案】A 【解析】句意:如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。if引导条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来,主语it是第三人称单数。故选A。 三、完成句子 1. 我的书桌和你的书桌一样大。 My desk is ______ ______ ______ yours. 【答案】as big as 【解析】“和……一样……”用as+形容词原级+as,big的原级为big。故填as big as。 2. 请小声点,不要制造噪声。 Please be quiet and don't ______ ______ ______. 【答案】make a noise 【解析】“制造噪声”make a noise,don't后接动词原形。故填make a noise。 3. 我不知道是否应该帮助他。 I don't know ______ ______ ______ him. 【答案】whether to help 【解析】whether to do sth意为“是否做某事”。故填whether to help。 4. 如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。 ______ it ______ tomorrow, we will stay at home. 【答案】If; rains 【解析】if引导条件状语从句,主将从现,从句用一般现在时,主语it为三单。故填If; rains。 5. 为了不迟到,我起得很早。 I got up early ______ ______ ______ be late. 【答案】in order not to 【解析】“为了不……”用in order not to+动词原形。故填in order not to。 四、完形填空 Rules are everywhere in our daily life. They help us live and study in a safe and happy way. Just as people often say, "No rules, no standards." On the bus, we should give up our seats 1 the old. If an old man is standing 2 me with heavy bags in his hands, I should stand up at once. In the library, we shouldn't 3 any noise. We should keep quiet so as not to 4 others who are reading. On the train, we should turn down our music. 5 music may make people around us unhappy, and listening to it is not as polite 6 keeping quiet. Sometimes we may not like some rules, but we should still 7 them. We should not be 8 with them, because one small mistake may bring trouble to others. Being kind and polite to others is also a kind of rule. When you see a classmate who is 9 , you can say "Don't worry" and try to help. Remember, small acts of kindness can make the world a better place. So let's play by the rules and 10 happiness to everyone around us. 1.A.for  B.with  C.to  D.at 2.A.between  B.above  C.among  D.opposite 3.A.do  B.make  C.take  D.bring 4.A.stop  B.help  C.care  D.trouble 5.A.Loud  B.Soft  C.Slow  D.Quiet 6.A.than  B.as  C.so  D.like 7.A.break  B.make  C.follow  D.forget 8.A.careless  B.careful  C.polite  D.strict 9.A.happy  B.upset  C.excited  D.angry 10.A.reduce  B.cover  C.spread  D.block 【答案】1.C 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文,主题为“遵守规则、文明待人”。文章先总说规则无处不在,让人安全、快乐地学习生活;再从公共场所的规则举例——公交车上给老人让座、图书馆里不制造噪声、火车上关小音乐以免打扰他人;接着指出即使不喜欢某些规则也要遵守,不能粗心大意;最后把“规则”延伸到待人接物,鼓励用一句安慰、一次伸手相助把善意传递出去,并以“play by the rules, spread happiness”收束全文,呼吁人人守规则、共建文明社会。 1.句意:在公交车上,我们应该把座位让给老人。give up sth. to sb. 意为“把某物让给某人”,give up our seats to the old 即“给老人让座”。for、with、at 都不能构成这一搭配。选 C。 2.句意:如果一位提着沉重袋子的老人正站在我对面,我应该马上站起来。opposite 作介词,意为“在……的对面”;between 后接两者或复数;above 指“在……上方”;among 后接三者以上的群体,均不合语境。选 D。 3.句意:在图书馆里,我们不应该制造任何噪声。make noise 是固定搭配,意为“制造噪声”;do、take、bring 都不能与 noise 构成这一短语。选 B。 4.句意:我们应该保持安静,以免打扰正在阅读的人。trouble 作动词,意为“打扰;麻烦”,so as not to trouble others 意为“以免打扰别人”,与前面 keep quiet 的目的相呼应;stop“阻止”、help“帮助”、care“在意”均不合语境。选 D。 5.句意:吵闹的音乐会让周围的人不开心。下文说“听这种音乐不如保持安静礼貌”,可知这里指“吵闹的”音乐;soft“柔和的”、slow“缓慢的”、quiet“安静的”都与 unhappy 及“不礼貌”的语境相反。选 A。 6.句意:听吵闹的音乐并不像保持安静那样礼貌。not as + 形容词原级 + as 为同级比较的否定形式“不如……”,polite 为形容词原级。than 需要与比较级连用;so 须与第一个 as 组成 not so…as;like 意为“像……一样”,不构成同级比较。选 B。 7.句意:有时我们可能不喜欢某些规则,但我们仍然应该遵守它们。follow the rules 意为“遵守规则”,与 not like…but still 的转折逻辑一致;break“违反”、make“制定”、forget“忘记”都与 still 后的语义矛盾。选 C。 8.句意:我们不应该对规则粗心大意,因为一个小错误可能给别人带来麻烦。careless 意为“粗心的”,be careless with sth. 意为“对某事粗心”,与 because 从句的“带来麻烦”形成因果;careful 与语境相反,polite、strict 与 rules 搭配不当。选 A。 9.句意:当你看到一位难过的同学时,你可以说“别担心”,并尽力帮助他。upset 意为“难过的;心烦的”,与 “Don't worry” 和 “try to help” 呼应;happy、excited 与安慰行为矛盾;angry 侧重“生气”,在需要安抚的语境中不如 upset 贴切。选 B。 10.句意:所以,让我们遵守规则,把幸福传播给身边的每一个人。spread happiness 意为“传播幸福”,与本单元 spread some happiness 相呼应;reduce“减少”、cover“覆盖”、block“阻挡”均不合语境。选 C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! / 27 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Play by the rules(复习讲义) 复习要点 1、围绕“Play by the rules(遵守规则)”主题,复习公共场所的文明行为与规则意识,学会换位思考、关爱他人; 2、重点掌握opposite、noise、reduce、spread、whether、careless等核心词汇及make a noise、reduce by/to、spread out等相关短语; 3、能运用“as...as...”同级比较、if引导的条件状语从句、动词不定式作目的状语等核心句式与语法进行准确表达; 4、能围绕“遵守规则、共建文明”进行口头和书面表达,结合生活实际提出文明倡议,增强规则意识和社会责任感。 复习重难点 重点:“as...as...”同级比较;if引导的条件状语从句(主将从现);动词不定式作目的状语(to do / in order to / so as to do)。 难点:if条件句中“主将从现”及与“祈使句+and/or”的转换;动词不定式作目的状语与其他用法的辨别。 单元考点:单词、短语、句型 知识点1:Suddenly, a girl opposite me started playing loud music on her phone.  突然,我对面的一个女孩开始用她的手机播放大声的音乐。 【常见用法】 ①opposite作介词,意为“在……的对面”,相当于across from。 • The bookstore is opposite our classroom. 书店在我们教室的对面。 ②opposite还可作形容词,意为“相对的;相反的”,常用短语“be opposite to…”,意为“与……相反;与……相对立”。 • My opinion is opposite to my deskmate’s. 我的观点和我同桌的相反。 【易错提醒】opposite作形容词时,没有比较级和最高级的形式,且通常位于名词前作定语。 【即时小练】 1. The park is ______ (在……的对面) the new library. 2. She went in the ______ (相反的) way and missed the bus stop. 知识点2:I covered my ears in order to block the noise coming from Rock Girl.我捂住耳朵,以阻挡来自“摇滚女孩”的噪声。 【常见用法】 ①noise既可以作可数名词,也可以作不可数名词,意为“噪声;杂音”。 ②make a noise是固定短语,意为“制造噪声;发出声响”。 • Don’t make a noise in the school hall. 不要在学校礼堂制造噪音。 • I heard a strange noise outside my window last night. 昨晚我听见窗外一阵奇怪的杂音。 【易混辨析】noise、sound与voice的用法区别 易混词 词性 词义 用法区别 noise 名词 噪声;杂音 专指噪声和不悦耳的声音。 sound 名词 声音 泛指各种声音。 voice 名词 嗓音 多指人的说话声、歌声等。 【即时小练】 1. The boys shouldn’t make any ______ (noise) in the reading room. 2. We can hear the ______ (voice / sound) of birds in the tree. 知识点3:I covered my nose so as to reduce the smell coming from Mr Smelly Food. 我捂住鼻子,以减少来自“难闻食物先生”的气味。 ① reduce [rɪ'djuːs] v. 缩小;减少;降低 【常见用法】reduce的常用搭配:reduce by表示“降低了”;reduce to表示“降低到”。 • Our school tries to reduce waste by 30%. 我们学校设法把浪费减少30%。 • The price of the notebook was reduced to 5 yuan. 这款笔记本降价到5元。 • The good news spread quickly among students. 这个好消息在学生中间迅速传开。 【易错提醒】 reduce by + 减少的数量(降低了多少);reduce to + 降低到的数值(降低到多少)。如:The price was reduced by 10 yuan. 价格降低了10元。/ The price was reduced to 10 yuan. 价格降到了10元。 【即时小练】 1. The number of students in the club was reduced ______ 25. Now there are only 75 members.(介词填空) 2. The price of this basketball was reduced ______ 30 yuan, so it is much cheaper than before.(介词填空) 知识点4:A programme's introduction helps people decide whether to listen or not.节目的介绍有助于人们决定是否听(它)。 【常见用法】 ①whether作连词,意为“是否”;其常用结构whether to do sth意为“是否做某件事”。 ②whether引导的名词性从句可在句中作主语、宾语或表语。 ③whether可引导让步状语从句,意为“不管;无论”。 • They can help you decide whether to ask a doctor for help. 他们可以帮助你决定是否向医生求助。 • Whether they consider this opinion or not is not clear. 他们是否考虑这个意见还不清楚。 • Whether it's the beginning of the night or the middle of the night, if you've been awake for 20 or 30 minutes, get up and reset. 无论是在夜晚的开始还是午夜,如果你已经醒了20或30分钟,起床并重新调整。 【易混辨析】whether与if的用法区别 易混词 相同点 不同点 whether 都可引导宾语从句,意为“是否”。 whether可以紧挨着or not且位于其之前。 • Nobody knows whether or not the technique works. 没人知道这项技术是否有用。 if ①if一般不与or not紧挨着。 • I'm not sure if it is the right road or not. 我不确定这是否是正确的路。 ②if可引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”。 • If you feel positive about your body, you are more likely to take care of it. 如果你对自己的身体感觉良好,你就更有可能照顾(好)它。 【即时小练】 1. She hasn’t made a decision ______ to take part in the speech competition. 2. ______ you believe it or not, the fact is true. 知识点5:Change it often and don't be careless.经常更换它,不要粗心大意。 【常见用法】careless是形容词,在句中作定语或表语。 • He is a careless worker and he often makes mistakes. 他是个粗心的工人,他经常犯错误。 • Eric, you are too careless in your homework. 埃里克,你做作业太粗心了。 【联想拓展】与care相关的其他词: carelessly adv. 粗心地;不小心地;不仔细地 careful adj. 细心的;小心的;认真的 carefully adv. 细心地;小心地;认真地 【记忆口诀】care加后缀变新词:-less表“无”,粗心careless;-ful表“满”,细心careful;-ly变副词carefully/carelessly。 【即时小练】 1. You will lose points if you are ______ (care) in your test paper. 2. He ______ (careless) put his homework on the desk and left. 知识点6:My face turned as red as a tomato! 我的脸变得像番茄一样红了! 【句式结构】 ①“as...as...”意为“和……一样……”,两个as中间加形容词或副词的原级,用来进行同级比较,表示两者在某一方面相同。②其否定形式为“not as/so...as...”,意为“不如……”。 • My brother is as tall as my sister. 我弟弟和我妹妹一样高。 • This story is not as interesting as that one. 这个故事不如那个(故事)有趣。 【联想拓展】含有as的其他常见短语: ①as soon as 一……就…… ②as long as 只要 ③as...as possible 尽可能…… ④as well as 并且;还 【句式结构】 ①“as...as...”意为“和……一样……”,两个as中间加形容词或副词的原级,用来进行同级比较,表示两者在某一方面相同。②其否定形式为“not as/so...as...”,意为“不如……”。 • My brother is as tall as my sister. 我弟弟和我妹妹一样高。 • This story is not as interesting as that one. 这个故事不如那个(故事)有趣。 【联想拓展】含有as的其他常见短语: ①as soon as 一……就…… ②as long as 只要 ③as...as possible 尽可能…… ④as well as 并且;还 【即时小练】 1. Tom writes ______ ______ ______ (和……一样认真) his deskmate.(根据中文提示填空) 2. 这个公园不如那个公园大。(完成句子) This park is ______ ______ ______ that one. 知识点7:If you find yourself in hot water, don't answer any bad messages.如果你发现自己陷入了困境,不要回任何不好的信息。 【句式结构】if作连词,意为“如果”时,用来引导条件状语从句。含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句表示假如从句中的动作发生,那么主句中的动作就会发生。 • Please call me if he is at home. 如果他在家的话,请给我打电话。 【易错提醒】当主句是祈使句或为一般将来时时,从句用一般现在时表示将来(主将从现)。 【联想拓展】含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句可以与“祈使句+and/or+表示一般将来时的句子”相互转换。 • If you study hard, you will pass the exam. = Study hard, or you will fail the exam. = Study hard, and you will pass the exam. (如果你)努力学习,你就会通过考试。/努力学习,否则你考试会失败。 【即时小练】 1. If it ______ (be) fine tomorrow, we ______ (go) to the park. 2. Hurry up, ______ you will miss the early bus.(用 and / or 填空) 单元语法:动词不定式 一、概念 动词不定式(to do)在句中说清“做某事是为了什么”,表示行为动作的目的,可译为“为了……/以便……”。 例:The WWF is working hard to save all the animals. 世界自然基金会正在努力(工作)以挽救所有动物。 例:She practises every day to improve her singing skills. 她每天练习,以提高自己的歌唱技巧。 判断窍门:把“to do”部分译成“为了……/以便……”能通顺,即作目的状语。 二、三种表达形式 ① 基本式:to do sth 位置:句首或句末均可。 例:Dylan trained hard to improve his basketball skills. Dylan 刻苦训练以提高篮球技术。 ② 强调式:in order to do sth 位置:句首或句末均可。 例:He's saving money in order to buy a new computer. 他攒钱为了买一台新电脑。 ③ 强调式:so as to do sth 位置:一般只放句末,不放句首。 例:Linda started work early so as to finish it by five. Linda 很早开始工作,以便五点前完成。 同一意思可换位:To improve his basketball skills, Dylan trained hard.(置于句首,用逗号隔开)= Dylan trained hard to improve his basketball skills. in order to / so as to 比单独的 to do 目的更明确、语气更强。 三、否定形式 表示“为了不……/以免……”: in order not to do sth / so as not to do sth (not 放在 to 之前,构成 not to do;不要写成 to not do。) 例:I've written it down in order not to forget it. 我把它记下来,以免忘记。 例:He walked quietly so as not to wake the baby. 他轻手轻脚地走,以免吵醒宝宝。 四、使用时易错点 1. 逻辑主语一致:目的状语的逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。 正:I got up early to catch the bus.(“我”早起,“我”赶车) 2. so as to 不放句首:句首表目的用 to do / in order to do。 正:In order to keep healthy, he runs every day. 误:So as to keep healthy, he runs every day. 3. 与目的状语从句区分: to do / in order to / so as to + 动词原形(短语) so that / in order that + 从句(主语+谓语) 例:He got up early so that he could catch the bus.(从句) 五、记忆口诀 to 表目的译“为了”,句首句尾都能搁; in order to 语气强,so as to 靠句末; 否定 not 放 to 前,主从一致别弄错。 【即时小练】 1. ______ (get) good grades, she studies hard every day. 2. He left early ______ ______ ______ (为了不迟到) the meeting. 3. Linda got up early ______ (catch) the first bus this morning. 4. 他小声说话,以免打扰别人。(完成句子) He spoke in a low voice ______ ______ ______ others. (时间:30分钟) 一、单词拼写 1. Please keep quiet and don't make any n______ (噪声) in the library. 2. The bank is o______ (在……的对面) the cinema in our town. 3. We should r______ (减少) the use of plastic bags to protect the environment. 4. The news about the new library s______ (传播) quickly all over the school. 5. I don't know w______ (是否) the meeting will be held tomorrow. 6. Be c______ (仔细的)! Don't be so careless with your homework. 二、单项选择 1. —How do you like the music? —It's too ______. Please turn it down. A. noise  B. noisy  C. noisily  D. voice 2. The girl sitting ______ me is my new classmate. A. opposite  B. across  C. along  D. behind of 3. The price of the bike was reduced ______ 20% last week. A. to  B. by  C. for  D. with 4. He got up early ______ catch the early bus. A. in order to  B. so that  C. in order that  D. as to 5. —Could you tell me ______ Mr Green will come to our school? —I'm not sure. A. that  B. whether  C. what  D. why 6. This problem is ______ that one, so I can't work it out easily. A. not as easy as  B. as easy as  C. so easy than  D. easier as 7. If it ______ tomorrow, we will stay at home. A. rains  B. will rain  C. rained  D. is raining 三、完成句子 1. 我的书桌和你的书桌一样大。 My desk is ______ ______ ______ yours. 2. 请小声点,不要制造噪声。 Please be quiet and don't ______ ______ ______. 3. 我不知道是否应该帮助他。 I don't know ______ ______ ______ him. 4. 如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。 ______ it ______ tomorrow, we will stay at home. 5. 为了不迟到,我起得很早。 I got up early ______ ______ ______ be late. 四、完形填空 Rules are everywhere in our daily life. They help us live and study in a safe and happy way. Just as people often say, "No rules, no standards." On the bus, we should give up our seats 1 the old. If an old man is standing 2 me with heavy bags in his hands, I should stand up at once. In the library, we shouldn't 3 any noise. We should keep quiet so as not to 4 others who are reading. On the train, we should turn down our music. 5 music may make people around us unhappy, and listening to it is not as polite 6 keeping quiet. Sometimes we may not like some rules, but we should still 7 them. We should not be 8 with them, because one small mistake may bring trouble to others. Being kind and polite to others is also a kind of rule. When you see a classmate who is 9 , you can say "Don't worry" and try to help. Remember, small acts of kindness can make the world a better place. So let's play by the rules and 10 happiness to everyone around us. 1.A.for  B.with  C.to  D.at 2.A.between  B.above  C.among  D.opposite 3.A.do  B.make  C.take  D.bring 4.A.stop  B.help  C.care  D.trouble 5.A.Loud  B.Soft  C.Slow  D.Quiet 6.A.than  B.as  C.so  D.like 7.A.break  B.make  C.follow  D.forget 8.A.careless  B.careful  C.polite  D.strict 9.A.happy  B.upset  C.excited  D.angry 10.A.reduce  B.cover  C.spread  D.block 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! / 27 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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