Unit 4 课时6 Integration D+Further study（分层作业）英语新教材译林版九年级下册

Unit 4 Exploring space 课时6 Integration D+Further study 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 ( 词汇 adj. 地下的 adv. 完全地；彻底地 v. 生存；存活 v. 修理；修补 n. 机器人 n. & v. 经历；体验 n. 宇航员 v. 营救；援救 句型 1. I think living on Mars in the future will be very exciting and completely _____________________ life on Earth. 我认为未来在火星上生活将会非常令人兴奋，并且与地球上的生活完全不同。 2. We will live in underground homes _____________________ protect ourselves from the difficult conditions there. 我们将住在地下住宅里，以保护自己免受那里恶劣环境的伤害。 3. _____________________ we will have our own small farms with fruit and vegetables inside our houses. 我们有可能在房子里拥有自己的小型农场，种植水果和蔬菜。 4. It will be a dream come true _____________________ on Mars. 在火星上生活将是梦想成真。 5. He has to think of ways to grow food and get enough water _____________________ he can survive until he is rescued. 他必须想办法种植食物、获取足够的水以便生存，直到获救。 ) 一、单词默写 ( 6 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. ________ adj. 地下的 2. ________ adv. 完全地；彻底地 3. ________ v. 生存；存活 4. ________ v. 修理；修补 5. ________ n. 机器人 6. ________ n. & v. 经历；体验 7. ________ n. 宇航员 8. ________ v. 营救；援救 二、词组默写 1. 与…… 完全不同 _______________________ 2. 保护……免受……伤害 _____________________ 3. 日常生活 _______________________ 4. 梦想成真 _______________________ 5. 被落下；被遗忘 _______________________ 6. 想出方法 _______________________ 7. 地下住宅 _______________________ 8. 为了；以便 _______________________ 三、根据要求完成句子 1. 未来在火星上生活会和地球上的生活完全不同。 Living on Mars in the future will be _______________________ life on Earth. 2. 人们建造地下房屋来抵御火星上的恶劣环境。 People build _______________________ to protect themselves from the bad conditions on Mars. 3. 对他来说，在火星上生存下来是一个巨大的挑战。 It is a big challenge for him _______________________ on Mars. 4. 我希望有一天能体验太空旅行。 I hope I can _______________________ space travel one day. 5. 宇航员必须学会修理太空中的设备。 Astronauts have to learn to _______________________ machines in space. 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Many people are interested in the idea of living on Mars. They believe life there will be 1.________ (complete) different from the life we know on Earth. 2.________ order to stay away from the dangerous outside environment, most people would live in underground homes. Some families might even have small indoor farms, where they grow vegetables to make sure they can 3.________ (survival) well. Smart robots will do lots of work for people in their 4.________ (day) lives. For most space fans, it will be an amazing experience 5.________ (live) on the red planet. 二、选词填空 从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当形式填入短文空白处，每个单词限用一次。 astronaut rescue fix experience underground There was once a great 1.________ who had a special life story. He once had an accident on a far planet and was left behind alone. He had to live in a (n) 2.________ base for months. To stay alive, he tried his best to grow food and 3.________ broken machines by himself. All he could do was to wait for others to 4.________ him. When he finally returned to Earth safely, he said this unforgettable 5.________ changed his life a lot. 一、完形填空 China's Tianwen-1 mission is one of the most important milestones in China's space exploration history. It was sent into space in July 2020, and it 1.________ the red planet Mars in February 2021 after a long journey of nearly seven months. The mission is made up of three parts: an orbiter that goes around Mars, a lander that touches down on the surface, and a rover named Zhurong. Before Tianwen-1, only a few countries had 2.________ sent a rover to work on Mars. The trip to Mars is never easy. It is full of all kinds of 3.________. The spacecraft has to travel about 400 million kilometers through cold and dangerous space. During the trip, scientists on Earth have to carefully control its direction and speed to make sure it arrives safely. After landing on Mars, the 240-kilogram rover Zhurong started to 4.________ the southern part of Mars' Utopia Planitia. It carries 6 different scientific instruments with it. It takes clear photos of the land, studies the soil and rocks, and 5.________ for signs of ancient water and ice. All the information it sends back to Earth helps scientists 6.________ more about the history and environment of Mars. One of the hardest difficulties for the rover is the terrible 7.________ on Mars. Strong sandstorms often happen there, and they can cover the whole planet for months. To deal with this problem, Zhurong is built to be strong enough to 8.________ the bad conditions. It can also stop working and get into a safe mode when the storm is too strong. By now, Zhurong has worked on Mars for far longer than its planned 90 days. It has 9.________ a huge amount of valuable data for Chinese and even world scientists. This great mission proves that China has the 10.________ to carry out deep space exploration. It will also encourage more young people to develop an interest in space science. 1. A. discovered B. avoided C. expected D. reached 2. A. never B. successfully C. hardly D. suddenly 3. A. pleasures B. surprises C. challenges D. mistakes 4. A. explore B. destroy C. design D. forget 5. A. prepares B. looks C. waits D. hopes 6. A. teach B. remember C. know D. miss 7. A. food B. air C. water D. weather 8. A. stand B. improve C. create D. produce 9. A. deleted B. sold C. wasted D. collected 10. A. money B. time C. ability D. excuse 二、阅读理解 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Living on the International Space Station (ISS) is a totally special experience, very different from daily life on Earth. The ISS flies around our planet 16 times every 24 hours, and astronauts who stay there have to get used to a lifestyle that most people can hardly imagine. The first big difference is about food. Because there is no gravity in space, food and drinks can float everywhere if people are not careful. Most of the food astronauts eat is stored in sealed packages. Some foods can be eaten directly, such as nuts, dried fruit and cookies. Other foods, like noodles and powdered soup, need hot water to be added before eating. Astronauts can also enjoy fresh fruit and vegetables sometimes, but these fresh foods go bad quickly and can only be sent from Earth by supply ships. In recent years, astronauts have successfully grown vegetables like lettuce inside the station. These space-grown plants are safe to eat, and they make the astronauts' diet more varied and healthy. Sleeping is another unusual part of space life. Without gravity, there is no "up" or "down", so astronauts can sleep in almost any position. They usually sleep inside special sleeping bags which are firmly tied to the wall or a bed frame. This stops them from floating around and hitting things during sleep. Most astronauts keep the habit of sleeping around 7 hours a day, just like they do on Earth. Astronauts have a full schedule on the ISS. They spend most of their daytime doing scientific experiments, checking the station's systems, and sometimes going on spacewalks to repair equipment outside. But they are not always working. In their free time, they can read, listen to music, watch movies, or just enjoy the amazing view of Earth through the window. Many astronauts say that watching our blue planet from space is the most wonderful part of their job. However, long-term space life is not easy. The low gravity environment can make people's bones and muscles weak. To solve this problem, astronauts must exercise for about two hours every day using special fitness equipment. This helps them stay healthy and get used to Earth's gravity again when they come back home. 1. What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A. How astronauts eat on the ISS. B. What food astronauts like best. C. Why astronauts grow vegetables in space. D. How to keep food fresh in space. 2. Why do astronauts sleep in special sleeping bags? A. To keep warm at night. B. To get better sleep. C. To stop floating around. D. To save space in the station. 3. Which of the following is NOT true about astronauts' work on the ISS? A. They do scientific experiments. B. They sometimes walk in space. C. They repair the station when needed. D. They grow vegetables for sale. 4. What do astronauts do to keep their bodies strong in space? A. They eat more fresh food. B. They sleep for 8 hours every day. C. They exercise for two hours daily. D. They take special medicine. 5. What is the best title for this passage? A. How to Become an Astronaut B. Daily Life on the Space Station C. The History of the ISS D. Fun Facts About Space 三、首字母填空 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。 Space exploration has always been one of the most exciting topics for people around the world. Today, more and more young people are showing great i___1___ in space science. They dream of becoming astronauts, space scientists or rocket engineers when they grow up. Why does space attract so many young people? First of all, the universe is full of mysteries. There are billions of stars and planets in the vast space, and most of them have not been e___2___ yet. Young people are born with curiosity. They want to find out what is out there and whether there is any other life on faraway planets. Second, space technology is developing very f___3___ around the world. In recent years, China has made amazing progress in its space programme. The success of the Tianwen-1 Mars mission and the Tiangong Space Station has made thousands of Chinese teenagers feel p___4___ of their motherland. Many of them hope to join the space industry one day and make their own contributions. To turn their space dreams into reality, young people need to make efforts. Above all, they must study subjects like physics and math well at school. Besides, they need to have a strong b___5___ and a strong will, because the training for astronauts is extremely tough. No one can go into space u___6___ they have passed all kinds of strict tests and training. Now many schools are holding colourful activities to develop students' interest in space. They invite astronauts to give talks, organize space knowledge competitions, and set up after-school space clubs. Through these activities, students can learn more about space and get c___7___ to the amazing world of space science. It is true that space exploration is a long and difficult j___8___. It requires hard work from generation after generation. But as long as young people hold on to their dreams and keep trying, they will surely be a___9___ to create more wonders in space. The bright future of space exploration belongs t___10___ the young generation. 一、阅读理解 （2025・江苏连云港中考） Saturn (土星) is famous for the beautiful rings around it. Now, it’s getting attention for being even more amazing. Scientists have discovered 128 new moons around Saturn, bringing the planet’s total to 274. A moon is any naturally formed object that moves around a planet. Moons come in different shapes and sizes. Scientists discovered the moons with a powerful telescope (望远镜), which is used to study stars and planets in great detail. Scientists took many photos of areas in space and piled them on top of each other to make the moons appear bright enough to discover. Most of Saturn’s new moons are small objects, just one or two miles wide—quite different to Earth’s Moon, which is a 2,159-mile-wide ball. These space rocks are in unusual orbits (轨道) too. They go around Saturn in the opposite direction to its own movement. At between 6.5 million and 18 million miles away from the ringed planet, the newly discovered moons are also further away than Saturn’s biggest moon, Titan. Why does Saturn have so many moons while Earth only has one? According to scientists, several billion years ago, the giant planet’s gravity attracted some rocks and ice. Over time, some of them crashed against each other, breaking into smaller pieces or coming together to create many small moons. The new moons were all given different names. The naming follows a special rule: moons that move in the same direction as Saturn get names from northern myths, while those that go backwards take names from southern myths. 1. How many moons does Saturn have now according to the passage? A. 128. B. 146. C. 274. D. 2159. 2. How did scientists find the new moons? A. By sending spaceships to Saturn. B. By using a powerful telescope. C. By moving close to Saturn. D. By studying old photos of Saturn. 3. What do we know about the new moons? A. They are as big as Earth’s Moon. B. They all move in the same direction. C. They are closer to Saturn than Titan. D. Most of them are very small in size. 4. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. Why Saturn has so many moons. B. How Saturn’s gravity works. C. What Saturn’s moons are made of. D. When Saturn’s moons appeared. 5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the last paragraph? A. All new moons are named after northern myths. B. The naming of the moons follows a certain rule. C. Southern myths are more popular for naming moons. D. The names of the moons are all from the same place. 二、阅读理解 （2026・江苏镇江中考） For the first time, the astronauts from the Shenzhou-20 and Shenzhou-21 used a new oven (烤箱) to cook and enjoy a space barbecue like chicken wings and black pepper steak (牛排). This added a new flavour to life in space station, marking a milestone in comfort and creation at the station. The new space oven is different from common ovens on Earth. It works without open fire, and it can heat food evenly in the low-gravity environment. The food is put in special sealed packages first, and then the oven can heat it to the right temperature in a short time. It not only makes hot meals easier for astronauts, but also keeps the space station clean and safe. In the past, most space food was ready-to-eat or just needed simple heating. The taste and kinds of food were limited. With the new oven, astronauts can enjoy more kinds of hot food just like on Earth. It helps make long space stays more comfortable and less boring. The development of the space oven is part of China's efforts to improve space life quality. As China's space programme develops, more and more improvements will be made to make space life better for astronauts. 1. What special thing did the Shenzhou-20 and Shenzhou-21 astronauts do? A. They had a barbecue in space with a new oven. B. They brought steak and chicken wings from Earth. C. They fixed a broken oven in the space station. D. They cooked food for the first time in space. 2. What is special about the new space oven? A. It uses open fire to heat food quickly. B. It works well in the low-gravity environment. C. It is the same as ovens we use at home. D. It can make food without any packages. 3. What was the problem with space food in the past? A. It was too expensive to send to space. B. It could not be heated at all. C. It had limited taste and kinds. D. It was not safe for astronauts to eat. 4. What can we learn from the passage? A. The space oven is not safe for the space station. B. China is working to make space life better. C. Astronauts can only eat ready-to-eat food now. D. The space oven is the first kitchen tool in space. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to cook food in space. B. The history of China's space programme. C. A new oven that improves space life. D. Delicious food on the space station. $ Unit 4 Exploring space 课时6 Integration D+Further study 分层作业 参考答案 核心知识速记 词汇：underground；completely；survive；repair；robot；experience；astronaut；rescue 句型： 1.different from 2.in order to 3.It's possible that 4.to live 5.so that 一、单词默写 1.underground 2.completely 3.survive 4.repair 5.robot 6.experience 7.astronaut 8.rescue 二、词组默写 1.be completely different from 2.protect...from... 3.daily life 4.dream come true 5.be left behind 6.think of ways 7.underground home 8.in order to 三、 根据要求完成句子 1.completely different from 2.underground houses 3.to survive 4.experience 5.repair 一、语法填空 1.completely 2.In 3.survive 4.daily 5.to live 二、选词填空 1.astronaut 2.underground 3.fix 4.rescue 5.experience 一、完形填空 1.D 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.A 9.D 10.C 二、阅读理解 1.A 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.B 三、首字母填空 1.interest 2.explored 3.fast 4.proud 5.body 6.until 7.closer 8.journey 9.able 10.to 一、阅读理解 1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.B 二、阅读理解 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.C ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Unit 4 Exploring space 课时6 Integration D+Further study 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 ( 词汇 underground adj. 地下的 completely adv. 完全地；彻底地 survive v. 生存；存活 repair v. 修理；修补 robot n. 机器人 experience n. & v. 经历；体验 astronaut n. 宇航员 rescue v. 营救；援救 句型 1. I think living on Mars in the future will be very exciting and completely different from life on Earth. 我认为未来在火星上生活将会非常令人兴奋，并且与地球上的生活完全不同。 2. We will live in underground homes in order to protect ourselves from the difficult conditions there. 我们将住在地下住宅里，以保护自己免受那里恶劣环境的伤害。 3. It's possible that we will have our own small farms with fruit and vegetables inside our houses. 我们有可能在房子里拥有自己的小型农场，种植水果和蔬菜。 4. It will be a dream come true to live on Mars. 在火星上生活将是梦想成真。 5. He has to think of ways to grow food and get enough water so that he can survive until he is rescued. 他必须想办法种植食物、获取足够的水以便生存，直到获救。 ) 一、单词默写 ( 6 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. ________ adj. 地下的 2. ________ adv. 完全地；彻底地 3. ________ v. 生存；存活 4. ________ v. 修理；修补 5. ________ n. 机器人 6. ________ n. & v. 经历；体验 7. ________ n. 宇航员 8. ________ v. 营救；援救 【答案】1. underground 2. completely 3. survive 4. repair 5. robot 6. experience 7. astronaut 8. rescue 二、词组默写 1. 与…… 完全不同 _______________________ 2. 保护……免受……伤害 _____________________ 3. 日常生活 _______________________ 4. 梦想成真 _______________________ 5. 被落下；被遗忘 _______________________ 6. 想出方法 _______________________ 7. 地下住宅 _______________________ 8. 为了；以便 _______________________ 【答案】 1. be completely different from 2. protect...from... 3. daily life 4. dream come true 5. be left behind 6. think of ways 7. underground home 8. in order to 三、根据要求完成句子 1. 未来在火星上生活会和地球上的生活完全不同。 Living on Mars in the future will be _______________________ life on Earth. 【答案】completely different from 【解析】句意：未来在火星上生活会和地球上的生活完全不同。be different from 是固定搭配，意为 “与…… 不同”；副词 completely 修饰形容词 different，强化程度。 2. 人们建造地下房屋来抵御火星上的恶劣环境。 People build _______________________ to protect themselves from the bad conditions on Mars. 【答案】underground houses 【解析】句意：人们建造地下房屋来抵御火星上的恶劣环境。underground houses 意为 “地下房屋”，作 build 的宾语，用复数表泛指。 3. 对他来说，在火星上生存下来是一个巨大的挑战。 It is a big challenge for him _______________________ on Mars. 【答案】to survive 【解析】句意：对他来说，在火星上生存下来是一个巨大的挑战。固定句型 It is a big challenge for sb. to do sth.，意为 “对某人来说做某事是巨大的挑战”，it 作形式主语，真正主语是不定式短语。 4. 我希望有一天能体验太空旅行。 I hope I can _______________________ space travel one day. 【答案】experience 【解析】句意：我希望有一天能体验太空旅行。experience 在此处作动词，意为 “经历；体验”，情态动词 can 后接动词原形。 5. 宇航员必须学会修理太空中的设备。 Astronauts have to learn to _______________________ machines in space. 【答案】repair 【解析】句意：宇航员必须学会修理太空中的设备。repair 意为 “修理；修补”，learn to do sth. 结构中 to 后接动词原形。 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Many people are interested in the idea of living on Mars. They believe life there will be 1.________ (complete) different from the life we know on Earth. 2.________ order to stay away from the dangerous outside environment, most people would live in underground homes. Some families might even have small indoor farms, where they grow vegetables to make sure they can 3.________ (survival) well. Smart robots will do lots of work for people in their 4.________ (day) lives. For most space fans, it will be an amazing experience 5.________ (live) on the red planet. 【答案】1. completely 2. In 3. survive 4. daily 5. to live 【解析】本文围绕火星生活的设想展开，介绍了居住方式、室内农业、智能机器人等内容，考查词性转换、固定搭配与非谓语动词。 1. 句意：他们认为那里的生活将与我们所知的地球生活完全不同。 解析：修饰形容词 different 需用副词，complete 的副词形式为 completely，意为 “完全地”。 2. 句意：为了远离危险的外界环境，大多数人会住在地下住宅里。 解析：固定短语 in order to 意为 “为了”，引导目的状语，句首首字母大写，故填 In。 3. 句意：一些家庭甚至会有小型室内农场，在那里种植蔬菜以确保能很好地生存。 解析：情态动词 can 后接动词原形，survival 的动词形式为 survive，意为 “生存”。 4. 句意：智能机器人会在日常生活中为人们做很多工作。 解析：修饰名词 lives 需用形容词，day 的形容词形式为 daily，意为 “日常的”，daily lives 表示 “日常生活”。 5. 句意：对大多数太空爱好者来说，在这颗红色星球上生活将是一段奇妙的经历。 解析：固定结构 it will be an amazing experience to do sth.，it 作形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式，故填 to live。 二、选词填空 从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当形式填入短文空白处，每个单词限用一次。 astronaut rescue fix experience underground There was once a great 1.________ who had a special life story. He once had an accident on a far planet and was left behind alone. He had to live in a (n) 2.________ base for months. To stay alive, he tried his best to grow food and 3.________ broken machines by himself. All he could do was to wait for others to 4.________ him. When he finally returned to Earth safely, he said this unforgettable 5.________ changed his life a lot. 【答案】1. astronaut 2. underground 3. fix 4. rescue 5. experience 【解析】本文讲述了一位宇航员在外星球遇险、独自生存等待救援的故事，考查核心词汇在语境中的灵活运用。 1. 句意：曾经有一位伟大的宇航员，有着一段特别的人生经历。 解析：形容词 great 后接名词，astronaut 意为 “宇航员”，契合太空遇险的人物身份。 2. 句意：他不得不在一个地下基地里住了好几个月。 解析：修饰名词 base 用形容词，underground 意为 “地下的”，符合外星生存的场景。 3. 句意：为了活下去，他尽全力种植食物，独自修理损坏的设备。 解析：try one's best to do sth. 后接动词原形，fix 意为 “修理”，与 repair 同义，对应损坏的机器。 4. 句意：他所能做的就是等待别人来营救他。 解析：wait for sb. to do sth. 结构中 to 后接动词原形，rescue 意为 “营救；援救”，符合等待救援的语境。 5. 句意：当他最终安全返回地球时，他说这段难忘的经历极大地改变了他的人生。 解析：形容词 unforgettable 后接名词，experience 意为 “经历”，对应整个遇险事件。 一、完形填空 China's Tianwen-1 mission is one of the most important milestones in China's space exploration history. It was sent into space in July 2020, and it 1.________ the red planet Mars in February 2021 after a long journey of nearly seven months. The mission is made up of three parts: an orbiter that goes around Mars, a lander that touches down on the surface, and a rover named Zhurong. Before Tianwen-1, only a few countries had 2.________ sent a rover to work on Mars. The trip to Mars is never easy. It is full of all kinds of 3.________. The spacecraft has to travel about 400 million kilometers through cold and dangerous space. During the trip, scientists on Earth have to carefully control its direction and speed to make sure it arrives safely. After landing on Mars, the 240-kilogram rover Zhurong started to 4.________ the southern part of Mars' Utopia Planitia. It carries 6 different scientific instruments with it. It takes clear photos of the land, studies the soil and rocks, and 5.________ for signs of ancient water and ice. All the information it sends back to Earth helps scientists 6.________ more about the history and environment of Mars. One of the hardest difficulties for the rover is the terrible 7.________ on Mars. Strong sandstorms often happen there, and they can cover the whole planet for months. To deal with this problem, Zhurong is built to be strong enough to 8.________ the bad conditions. It can also stop working and get into a safe mode when the storm is too strong. By now, Zhurong has worked on Mars for far longer than its planned 90 days. It has 9.________ a huge amount of valuable data for Chinese and even world scientists. This great mission proves that China has the 10.________ to carry out deep space exploration. It will also encourage more young people to develop an interest in space science. 1. A. discovered B. avoided C. expected D. reached 2. A. never B. successfully C. hardly D. suddenly 3. A. pleasures B. surprises C. challenges D. mistakes 4. A. explore B. destroy C. design D. forget 5. A. prepares B. looks C. waits D. hopes 6. A. teach B. remember C. know D. miss 7. A. food B. air C. water D. weather 8. A. stand B. improve C. create D. produce 9. A. deleted B. sold C. wasted D. collected 10. A. money B. time C. ability D. excuse 【答案】1.D 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.A 9.D 10.C 【解析】本文是说明文，介绍了中国天问一号火星探测任务的历程、祝融号火星车的工作内容与意义，展现了中国深空探测的实力。 1. 句意：它于 2020 年 7 月发射升空，经过近 7 个月的漫长旅程，于 2021 年 2 月抵达红色星球火星。 解析：reached 意为 “抵达、到达”，对应探测器抵达火星的动作；discovered 发现，avoided 避免，expected 期待，均不符合旅程终点的语境，故选 D。 2. 句意：在天问一号之前，只有少数国家成功将火星车送上火星工作。 解析：successfully 意为 “成功地”，修饰动词 sent，契合航天任务的成果；never 从不，hardly 几乎不，suddenly 突然，均不符合语境，故选 B。 3. 句意：火星之旅绝非易事，充满了各种各样的挑战。 解析：challenges 意为 “挑战”，对应后文 “穿越寒冷危险的太空” 的难度；pleasures 乐事，surprises 惊喜，mistakes 错误，均不符合，故选 C。 4. 句意：着陆火星后，240 公斤重的祝融号火星车开始探索火星乌托邦平原的南部区域。 解析：explore 意为 “探索”，是火星车的核心任务；destroy 摧毁，design 设计，forget 忘记，均不符合，故选 A。 5. 句意：它拍摄清晰的地表照片，研究土壤和岩石，寻找远古水和冰的痕迹。 解析：look for 是固定短语，意为 “寻找”，对应探测水和冰的科研目标；prepares 准备，waits 等待，hopes 希望，均不符合搭配，故选 B。 6. 句意：它传回地球的所有信息都帮助科学家更多地了解火星的历史与环境。 解析：know more about 意为 “更多地了解”，契合科研数据的作用；teach 教授，remember 记住，miss 想念，均不符合，故选 C。 7. 句意：火星车面临的最大困难之一是火星恶劣的天气。 解析：后文提到强沙尘暴，属于天气范畴，weather 意为 “天气”；food 食物，air 空气，water 水，均与沙尘暴不符，故选 D。 8. 句意：为了解决这个问题，祝融号被建造得足够坚固，能够承受恶劣的环境。 解析：stand 意为 “承受、经受”，对应火星车抵御沙尘暴的能力；improve 改善，create 创造，produce 生产，均不符合，故选 A。 9. 句意：它已经为中国乃至全世界的科学家收集了大量宝贵的数据。 解析：collected 意为 “收集”，对应火星车采集数据的功能；deleted 删除，sold 售卖，wasted 浪费，均不符合科研任务，故选 D。 10. 句意：这项伟大的任务证明了中国具备开展深空探测的能力。 解析：ability 意为 “能力”，have the ability to do sth. 表示 “有能力做某事”；money 金钱，time 时间，excuse 借口，均不符合任务意义的表述，故选 C。 二、阅读理解 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Living on the International Space Station (ISS) is a totally special experience, very different from daily life on Earth. The ISS flies around our planet 16 times every 24 hours, and astronauts who stay there have to get used to a lifestyle that most people can hardly imagine. The first big difference is about food. Because there is no gravity in space, food and drinks can float everywhere if people are not careful. Most of the food astronauts eat is stored in sealed packages. Some foods can be eaten directly, such as nuts, dried fruit and cookies. Other foods, like noodles and powdered soup, need hot water to be added before eating. Astronauts can also enjoy fresh fruit and vegetables sometimes, but these fresh foods go bad quickly and can only be sent from Earth by supply ships. In recent years, astronauts have successfully grown vegetables like lettuce inside the station. These space-grown plants are safe to eat, and they make the astronauts' diet more varied and healthy. Sleeping is another unusual part of space life. Without gravity, there is no "up" or "down", so astronauts can sleep in almost any position. They usually sleep inside special sleeping bags which are firmly tied to the wall or a bed frame. This stops them from floating around and hitting things during sleep. Most astronauts keep the habit of sleeping around 7 hours a day, just like they do on Earth. Astronauts have a full schedule on the ISS. They spend most of their daytime doing scientific experiments, checking the station's systems, and sometimes going on spacewalks to repair equipment outside. But they are not always working. In their free time, they can read, listen to music, watch movies, or just enjoy the amazing view of Earth through the window. Many astronauts say that watching our blue planet from space is the most wonderful part of their job. However, long-term space life is not easy. The low gravity environment can make people's bones and muscles weak. To solve this problem, astronauts must exercise for about two hours every day using special fitness equipment. This helps them stay healthy and get used to Earth's gravity again when they come back home. 1. What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A. How astronauts eat on the ISS. B. What food astronauts like best. C. Why astronauts grow vegetables in space. D. How to keep food fresh in space. 2. Why do astronauts sleep in special sleeping bags? A. To keep warm at night. B. To get better sleep. C. To stop floating around. D. To save space in the station. 3. Which of the following is NOT true about astronauts' work on the ISS? A. They do scientific experiments. B. They sometimes walk in space. C. They repair the station when needed. D. They grow vegetables for sale. 4. What do astronauts do to keep their bodies strong in space? A. They eat more fresh food. B. They sleep for 8 hours every day. C. They exercise for two hours daily. D. They take special medicine. 5. What is the best title for this passage? A. How to Become an Astronaut B. Daily Life on the Space Station C. The History of the ISS D. Fun Facts About Space 【答案】1.A 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.B 【解析】本文是科普说明文，介绍了国际空间站上宇航员的日常生活，涵盖饮食、睡眠、工作、休闲与健康等方面，展现了太空生活的特殊性。 1. 段落大意题。第二段围绕太空饮食展开，介绍了食物的储存方式、食用方法以及太空种植蔬菜的情况，核心是宇航员在空间站的饮食方式，故选 A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段 “This stops them from floating around and hitting things during sleep.” 可知，宇航员用特殊睡袋是为了防止睡觉时漂浮、撞到物体，故选 C。 3. 细节判断题。根据第四段内容，宇航员的工作包括做科学实验、太空行走、维修设备，并未提到种植蔬菜用于售卖，D 表述错误，符合题意；A、B、C 均与原文表述一致，排除。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段 “To solve this problem, astronauts must exercise for about two hours every day using special fitness equipment.” 可知，宇航员每天锻炼两小时来保持身体健康，故选 C。 5. 标题归纳题。全文从饮食、睡眠、工作、休闲、健康多个维度介绍空间站的日常生活，Daily Life on the Space Station 最能概括全文主旨；A “如何成为宇航员”、C “空间站历史”、D “太空趣事” 均偏离核心，故选 B。 三、首字母填空 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。 Space exploration has always been one of the most exciting topics for people around the world. Today, more and more young people are showing great i___1___ in space science. They dream of becoming astronauts, space scientists or rocket engineers when they grow up. Why does space attract so many young people? First of all, the universe is full of mysteries. There are billions of stars and planets in the vast space, and most of them have not been e___2___ yet. Young people are born with curiosity. They want to find out what is out there and whether there is any other life on faraway planets. Second, space technology is developing very f___3___ around the world. In recent years, China has made amazing progress in its space programme. The success of the Tianwen-1 Mars mission and the Tiangong Space Station has made thousands of Chinese teenagers feel p___4___ of their motherland. Many of them hope to join the space industry one day and make their own contributions. To turn their space dreams into reality, young people need to make efforts. Above all, they must study subjects like physics and math well at school. Besides, they need to have a strong b___5___ and a strong will, because the training for astronauts is extremely tough. No one can go into space u___6___ they have passed all kinds of strict tests and training. Now many schools are holding colourful activities to develop students' interest in space. They invite astronauts to give talks, organize space knowledge competitions, and set up after-school space clubs. Through these activities, students can learn more about space and get c___7___ to the amazing world of space science. It is true that space exploration is a long and difficult j___8___. It requires hard work from generation after generation. But as long as young people hold on to their dreams and keep trying, they will surely be a___9___ to create more wonders in space. The bright future of space exploration belongs t___10___ the young generation. 【答案】1.interest 2.explored 3.fast 4.proud 5.body 6.until 7.closer 8.journey 9.able 10.to 【解析】本文是议论文，分析了太空探索吸引年轻人的原因，以及年轻人实现航天梦想所需的努力与学校的相关活动，呼吁年轻一代投身航天事业。 1. 句意：如今，越来越多的年轻人对太空科学表现出极大的兴趣。 解析：固定搭配 show great interest in 意为 “对…… 表现出极大的兴趣”，结合首字母 i，填 interest。 2. 句意：广袤的太空中有数十亿颗恒星和行星，其中大多数尚未被探索。 解析：本句为现在完成时的被动语态 have been done，结合首字母 e，explored 意为 “探索”，符合宇宙未知的语境。 3. 句意：其次，全球太空技术发展非常迅速。 解析：副词修饰动词 developing，结合首字母 f，fast 意为 “快速地”，对应科技发展的速度。 4. 句意：天问一号火星任务和天宫空间站的成功，让成千上万中国青少年为祖国感到自豪。 解析：固定搭配 feel proud of 意为 “为…… 感到自豪”，结合首字母 p，填 proud。 5. 句意：此外，他们需要强健的体魄和坚强的意志，因为宇航员的训练极其艰苦。 解析：形容词 strong 后接名词，结合首字母 b，body 意为 “身体”，与 will 对应，指身心两方面的素质。 6. 句意：没有人能进入太空，直到他们通过了各种严格的测试和训练。 解析：结合首字母 u，until 意为 “直到…… 才”，引导时间状语从句，贴合 “通过测试才能进入太空” 的逻辑。 7. 句意：通过这些活动，学生可以更多地了解太空，更近距离地接触奇妙的太空科学世界。 解析：固定搭配 get closer to 意为 “更靠近、更接近”，结合首字母 c，填比较级 closer。 8. 句意：诚然，太空探索是一段漫长而艰难的旅程。 解析：形容词 difficult 后接名词，结合首字母 j，journey 意为 “旅程”，将太空探索比作旅途。 9. 句意：但只要年轻人坚持梦想、不断努力，就一定能在太空中创造更多奇迹。 解析：固定搭配 be able to 意为 “能够”，结合首字母 a，填 able。 10. 句意：太空探索的光明未来属于年轻一代。 解析：固定搭配 belong to 意为 “属于”，结合首字母 t，填介词 to。 一、阅读理解 （2025・江苏连云港中考） Saturn (土星) is famous for the beautiful rings around it. Now, it’s getting attention for being even more amazing. Scientists have discovered 128 new moons around Saturn, bringing the planet’s total to 274. A moon is any naturally formed object that moves around a planet. Moons come in different shapes and sizes. Scientists discovered the moons with a powerful telescope (望远镜), which is used to study stars and planets in great detail. Scientists took many photos of areas in space and piled them on top of each other to make the moons appear bright enough to discover. Most of Saturn’s new moons are small objects, just one or two miles wide—quite different to Earth’s Moon, which is a 2,159-mile-wide ball. These space rocks are in unusual orbits (轨道) too. They go around Saturn in the opposite direction to its own movement. At between 6.5 million and 18 million miles away from the ringed planet, the newly discovered moons are also further away than Saturn’s biggest moon, Titan. Why does Saturn have so many moons while Earth only has one? According to scientists, several billion years ago, the giant planet’s gravity attracted some rocks and ice. Over time, some of them crashed against each other, breaking into smaller pieces or coming together to create many small moons. The new moons were all given different names. The naming follows a special rule: moons that move in the same direction as Saturn get names from northern myths, while those that go backwards take names from southern myths. 1. How many moons does Saturn have now according to the passage? A. 128. B. 146. C. 274. D. 2159. 2. How did scientists find the new moons? A. By sending spaceships to Saturn. B. By using a powerful telescope. C. By moving close to Saturn. D. By studying old photos of Saturn. 3. What do we know about the new moons? A. They are as big as Earth’s Moon. B. They all move in the same direction. C. They are closer to Saturn than Titan. D. Most of them are very small in size. 4. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. Why Saturn has so many moons. B. How Saturn’s gravity works. C. What Saturn’s moons are made of. D. When Saturn’s moons appeared. 5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the last paragraph? A. All new moons are named after northern myths. B. The naming of the moons follows a certain rule. C. Southern myths are more popular for naming moons. D. The names of the moons are all from the same place. 【答案】1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.B 【解析】本文是科普说明文，介绍了科学家发现土星 128 颗新卫星的成果，说明了新卫星的特点、土星多卫星的成因以及命名规则。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段 “Scientists have discovered 128 new moons around Saturn, bringing the planet’s total to 274.” 可知，土星目前总共有 274 颗卫星，故选 C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段 “Scientists discovered the moons with a powerful telescope” 可知，科学家是借助高倍望远镜发现这些新卫星的，故选 B。 3. 细节判断题。根据第三段 “Most of Saturn’s new moons are small objects, just one or two miles wide” 可知，大多数新卫星体积都很小，D 表述正确；A “和月球一样大” 与原文不符；B “都朝同一方向运行” 与 “反向轨道” 不符；C “比土卫六更近” 与 “更远” 不符，均排除。 4. 段落大意题。第四段主要解释了土星为何拥有众多卫星：引力吸引岩石和冰块，碰撞后形成小卫星，故选 A。 5. 细节判断题。根据最后一段 “The naming follows a special rule” 可知，卫星的命名遵循特定规则，B 表述正确；A “都以北欧神话命名” 与南北神话分用不符；C “南方神话更流行” 文中未提及；D “名字都来自同一个地方” 与原文相悖，均排除。 二、阅读理解 （2026・江苏镇江中考） For the first time, the astronauts from the Shenzhou-20 and Shenzhou-21 used a new oven (烤箱) to cook and enjoy a space barbecue like chicken wings and black pepper steak (牛排). This added a new flavour to life in space station, marking a milestone in comfort and creation at the station. The new space oven is different from common ovens on Earth. It works without open fire, and it can heat food evenly in the low-gravity environment. The food is put in special sealed packages first, and then the oven can heat it to the right temperature in a short time. It not only makes hot meals easier for astronauts, but also keeps the space station clean and safe. In the past, most space food was ready-to-eat or just needed simple heating. The taste and kinds of food were limited. With the new oven, astronauts can enjoy more kinds of hot food just like on Earth. It helps make long space stays more comfortable and less boring. The development of the space oven is part of China's efforts to improve space life quality. As China's space programme develops, more and more improvements will be made to make space life better for astronauts. 1. What special thing did the Shenzhou-20 and Shenzhou-21 astronauts do? A. They had a barbecue in space with a new oven. B. They brought steak and chicken wings from Earth. C. They fixed a broken oven in the space station. D. They cooked food for the first time in space. 2. What is special about the new space oven? A. It uses open fire to heat food quickly. B. It works well in the low-gravity environment. C. It is the same as ovens we use at home. D. It can make food without any packages. 3. What was the problem with space food in the past? A. It was too expensive to send to space. B. It could not be heated at all. C. It had limited taste and kinds. D. It was not safe for astronauts to eat. 4. What can we learn from the passage? A. The space oven is not safe for the space station. B. China is working to make space life better. C. Astronauts can only eat ready-to-eat food now. D. The space oven is the first kitchen tool in space. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to cook food in space. B. The history of China's space programme. C. A new oven that improves space life. D. Delicious food on the space station. 【答案】1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.C 【解析】本文是新闻说明文，介绍了神舟二十、二十一号乘组使用新型太空烤箱制作太空烧烤的事件，说明了烤箱的特点、意义以及中国改善太空生活的努力。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段 “For the first time, the astronauts from the Shenzhou-20 and Shenzhou-21 used a new oven to cook and enjoy a space barbecue” 可知，特别之处是宇航员用新烤箱在太空做了烧烤，故选 A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段 “It works without open fire, and it can heat food evenly in the low-gravity environment.” 可知，这款烤箱的特别之处是能在低重力环境下正常工作，故选 B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段 “In the past, most space food was ready-to-eat or just needed simple heating. The taste and kinds of food were limited.” 可知，过去太空食品的问题是口味和种类都很有限，故选 C。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段 “The development of the space oven is part of China's efforts to improve space life quality.” 可知，中国一直在努力改善太空生活，B 表述正确；A “烤箱不安全” 与原文 “安全洁净” 不符；C “现在只能吃即食食品” 与现状不符；D “首个太空厨具” 文中未提及，均排除。 5. 主旨大意题。全文围绕新型太空烤箱展开，介绍其功能、优势与意义，核心是一款改善太空生活的新烤箱，故选 C。 $