Unit 4 课时5 Integration ABC（分层作业）英语新教材译林版九年级下册

Unit 4 Exploring space 课时5 Integration ABC 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 ( 词汇 n. 挑战 n. 优势；有利条件 n. 劣势；不利条件 n. 氧气 v. 生存；存活 n. 旅程；旅行 adj. 拥挤的 n. 调查 句型 1. ________________________ a dream come true. 听起来像梦想成真。 2. ________________________ challenges. 充满挑战。 3. ________________________ grow plants on the red planet. 在这颗红色星球上种植植物很难。 4. Life on Mars is ________________________ life on Earth. 火星上的生活与地球上的完全不同。 5. We live in underground homes ________________________ ourselves from difficult conditions. 我们住在地下家园中以保护自己免受恶劣环境的伤害。 ) 一、单词默写 ( 6 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. ________ n. 探险者；探索者 2. ________ n. 燃料 3. ________ n. 航天器；宇宙飞船 4. ________ adj. 极冷的；冰冻的 5. ________ n. 外星人 6. ________ adj. 地下的 7. ________ n. 生存；存活 8. ________ v. 修理；修补 二、词组默写 1. 认输；放弃努力 _______________________ 2. 听起来像 _______________________ 3. 事实上 _______________________ 4. 发送信息 _______________________ 5. 生存技能 _______________________ 6. 日常生活 _______________________ 7. 梦想成真 _______________________ 8. 与…… 不同 _______________________ 三、根据要求完成句子 1. 移居火星听起来像是美梦成真，但这在短期内不太可能发生。 ________ ________ Mars may sound like a dream come true, but it is not likely to happen soon. 2. 事实上，它充满了挑战，甚至可能让最勇敢的探险家都想放弃。 ________ ________, it is ________ ________ challenges that could make even the bravest explorer want to give up. 3. 火星上空气稀薄，没有足够的氧气维持人类生命。 The air is thin on Mars and there is not ________ ________ to support human life. 4. 我认为未来火星上的生活会和地球上的生活截然不同。 I think life on Mars in the future will be ________ ________ ________ life on Earth. 5. 我们住在地下家园里，目的是保护自己免受那里恶劣环境的伤害。 We live in underground homes ________ ________ ________ protect ourselves from the difficult conditions there. 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Mars has long been the most attractive planet for human space exploration. 1. ________ the development of space technology, more countries are carrying out Mars exploration tasks. There are many 2. ________ (advantage) of exploring Mars: it can help us know more about the universe and find new resources. However, there are also great challenges. 3. ________ the terrible environment on Mars, it is very hard for humans 4. ________ (stay) there for a long time. Scientists believe that 5. ________ more research and efforts, humans will set foot on Mars in the near future. 二、选词填空 从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当形式填入短文空白处，每个单词限用一次。 survive journey gravity crowded advantage Moving to Mars is a hot topic for young people today. Some say the biggest 1. ________ is that there is more space, so it will not be as 2. ________ as Earth. But others have different opinions. They worry about the long 3. ________ from Earth to Mars, which may take months. What’s more, the low 4. ________ will be bad for people’s bones and muscles. It is also difficult to 5. ________ there because there is not enough food or water. 一、完形填空 In 2021, China’s first Mars rover Zhurong successfully landed on the red planet. Behind this great achievement, there are thousands of hard-working space engineers. One of them is 32-year-old Zhang Ran, who joined the Mars exploration team at the age of 26. When Zhang Ran was a little girl, she often looked up at the stars at night and 1. ________ what was on other planets. At 15, she watched a documentary about Mars exploration and made up her 2. ________ to work in the space industry. From then on, she studied very hard and finally entered a top university to study space science. After graduation, Zhang Ran became a member of the Zhurong rover design team. Her job was to design the power system of the rover. The team had to 3. ________ many difficulties. The biggest problem was the terrible environment on Mars. 4. ________ the low temperature and strong sandstorms, the rover must work normally for at least 90 days. They tested the rover again and again in the lab. Every part must be perfect, 5. ________ a small mistake could cause the whole task to fail. Zhang Ran often stayed up late to solve problems. Once, a problem with the battery appeared. She spent three weeks working 6. ________ to find the reason and fix it. When Zhurong finally landed on Mars 7. ________ and sent back the first picture, all the team members cried with joy. All their hard work paid off. “That moment was the 8. ________ moment of my life,” Zhang Ran said. Now Zhang Ran is working on a new Mars exploration project. She says that space exploration is a long 9. ________ with no end. Every small step is meaningful. She hopes more young people will fall in love with space science and 10. ________ the unknown universe together. 1. A. wondered B. knew C. understood D. realized 2. A. idea B. mind C. decision D. plan 3. A. find B. avoid C. face D. forget 4. A. Because B. Though C. Because of D. Instead of 5. A. so B. but C. and D. because 6. A. carefully B. quickly C. easily D. widely 7. A. suddenly B. successfully C. slowly D. usually 8. A. proudest B. saddest C. funniest D. easiest 9. A. game B. journey C. lesson D. competition 10. A. protect B. create C. explore D. describe 二、阅读理解 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Can humans grow food on Mars? This question has interested scientists for many years. Recently, Chinese scientists have made new progress in Mars agriculture research. They did a 6-month experiment in a lab that copies the Mars environment, and successfully grew 12 kinds of vegetables, including tomatoes, potatoes and cabbages. The experiment was carried out in a special closed room. Scientists controlled the temperature, light, air and soil inside to be just like those on Mars. The Mars-like soil is made of volcanic rock and other materials, which has almost no organic matter. The air inside has less oxygen and more carbon dioxide than Earth’s air. The temperature is kept between -20°C and 20°C, just like the average temperature on Mars. To everyone’s surprise, most vegetables grew well in such conditions. The potatoes even had a higher production than those grown on Earth. Scientists say that this is because the high carbon dioxide helps plants grow faster. However, there are still problems. Some vegetables grew very slowly, and some had strange shapes because of the low gravity. Scientists say that this experiment is an important step for Mars colonization. In the future, astronauts on Mars may be able to grow their own fresh food. This will greatly reduce the need to carry food from Earth, which is very expensive and takes a long time. “Growing food on Mars is not just a science fiction idea anymore,” said the lead scientist. “We are making it come true step by step.” 1. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A. How the Mars environment experiment was done. B. What the real environment on Mars is like. C. Why scientists do the Mars agriculture experiment. D. What vegetables were grown in the experiment. 2. Why did potatoes grow better in the Mars-like environment? A. Because the soil was more nutritious. B. Because there was more oxygen in the air. C. Because the high carbon dioxide helped. D. Because the temperature was just right. 3. Which of the following is a problem of growing vegetables in Mars-like conditions? A. The vegetables taste terrible. B. Some vegetables grow very slowly. C. The vegetables are not safe to eat. D. Most vegetables die easily. 4. What can we learn from the passage? A. The experiment lasted for one year. B. Scientists grew 20 kinds of vegetables in the experiment. C. Growing food on Mars will be impossible forever. D. Carrying food from Earth to Mars is expensive. 5. What is the writer’s attitude towards Mars agriculture? A. Doubtful. B. Hopeful. C. Worried. D. Uninterested. 三、首字母填空 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。 Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. It is often 1. c________ the “red planet” because of its red colour. For hundreds of years, humans have been 2. d________ of living on Mars. But to make this dream come true, there are still many problems to 3. s________. First of all, there is no breathable air on Mars. The air there is made up mostly of carbon dioxide, with very little 4. o________. Humans cannot breathe there, so they have to wear special spacesuits all the time when they go out. Second, the temperature on Mars is very low. The average temperature is 5. a________ -60°C, and it can drop to -140°C at night. It is freezing cold for humans. Third, Mars has strong sandstorms. The sandstorms can 6. l________ for months and cover the whole planet. They can damage equipment and make it hard for solar panels to get energy. Fourth, the low gravity on Mars is bad for 7. h________ health. It can make muscles and bones weak over time. 8. L________, scientists are working hard to solve these problems. They are developing new technologies to make Mars more livable. Some scientists are trying to change the Mars environment to make it more like Earth. This is called “terraforming”. 9. A________ it may take hundreds of years, many people believe that humans will finally build a home on Mars one day. What’s your 10. o________ about living on Mars? 一、七选五 （2025・江苏宿迁中考） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Cycling is popular and enjoyable. It is not only a good way to keep healthy but also an action to protect the environment. 1. ________ Here are some tips on how to keep safe while cycling. 2. ________ Before you start cycling, you need to examine the condition of your bike with care. For example, make sure that the brakes (刹车) work well and the chain (链条) can turn with no problems. Use proper equipment. Wear a helmet. 3. ________ Before you start cycling, you should fasten (扣紧) your helmet. Wear bright and reflective (反光的) clothes on the road. Make sure your bike has lights. All these can greatly reduce the risk of being hurt. Follow traffic rules. You are required to follow the same traffic rules as drivers. 4. ________ For example, you should ride at a safe speed on the right side of the road, wait at the traffic lights and let passers-by go first. Stay focused (专注的). 5. ________ If you chat with others when you are cycling, it can distract (使分心) you and put yourself at the risk of road accidents. By following these tips, you can enjoy cycling and stay safe at the same time. Always remember that safety comes first! Happy cycling! A. You need to buy a new hat. B. It is important to stay focused. C. Examine your bike with care. D. Remember that your helmet fits you well. E. Keep the traffic rules in mind all the time. F. However, sometimes it may be dangerous. G. You can do anything you want while cycling. 二、短文填空 （2025・江苏扬州中考） Chinese writer Wang Zengqi once wrote, “When I arrive in a new place, I prefer to visit the local farmers market to see live chickens and ducks, fresh vegetables and bright fruits. It’s lively and brings me a sense of the joy of 1. l________.” Nowadays, more people feel the same as Wang. They love to explore farmers markets wherever they visit. These traditional markets, which used to be just local 2. s________ places, are attracting visitors during holidays, especially the young. They think visiting a city 3. w________ exploring farmers markets is a waste of a trip. There they can enjoy mouthwatering food, local culture and real nature of a city. Luo Yan, a tour lover, travels around markets nationwide. He agrees these farmers markets are 4. c________ to local people’s daily life than those scenic spots and supermarkets which seem all the same everywhere. In Xi’an, he enjoyed tasty Roujiamo, 5. w________ in Inner Mongolia, he tasted the famous air-dried beef. The generous sellers 6. e________ shared with him some trade secrets. Foreign travellers, too, consider these markets as interesting 7. w________ into Chinese daily life. $Unit 4 Exploring space 课时5 Integration ABC 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 ( 词汇 challenge n. 挑战 advantage n. 优势；有利条件 disadvantage n. 劣势；不利条件 oxygen n. 氧气 survive v. 生存；存活 journey n. 旅程；旅行 crowded adj. 拥挤的 survey n. 调查 句型 1. Sounds like a dream come true. 听起来像梦想成真。 2. be full of challenges. 充满挑战。 3. It's hard to grow plants on the red planet. 在这颗红色星球上种植植物很难。 4. Life on Mars is totally different from life on Earth. 火星上的生活与地球上的完全不同。 5. We live in underground homes in order to protect ourselves from difficult conditions. 我们住在地下家园中以保护自己免受恶劣环境的伤害。 ) 一、单词默写 ( 6 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. ________ n. 探险者；探索者 2. ________ n. 燃料 3. ________ n. 航天器；宇宙飞船 4. ________ adj. 极冷的；冰冻的 5. ________ n. 外星人 6. ________ adj. 地下的 7. ________ n. 生存；存活 8. ________ v. 修理；修补 【答案】1. explorer 2. fuel 3. spacecraft 4. freezing 5. alien 6. underground 7. survival 8. repair 二、词组默写 1. 认输；放弃努力 _______________________ 2. 听起来像 _______________________ 3. 事实上 _______________________ 4. 发送信息 _______________________ 5. 生存技能 _______________________ 6. 日常生活 _______________________ 7. 梦想成真 _______________________ 8. 与…… 不同 _______________________ 【答案】 1. give up 2. sound like 3. in fact 4. send messages 5. survival skills 6. daily life 7. dream come true 8. be different from 三、根据要求完成句子 1. 移居火星听起来像是美梦成真，但这在短期内不太可能发生。 ________ ________ Mars may sound like a dream come true, but it is not likely to happen soon. 【答案】Moving to 【解析】句意：移居火星听起来像是美梦成真，但这在短期内不太可能发生。本题考查动名词短语作句子主语，move to Mars 表示 “移居火星”，作主语需用动名词形式 Moving to。 2. 事实上，它充满了挑战，甚至可能让最勇敢的探险家都想放弃。 ________ ________, it is ________ ________ challenges that could make even the bravest explorer want to give up. 【答案】In fact; full of 【解析】句意：事实上，它充满了挑战，甚至可能让最勇敢的探险家都想放弃。in fact 意为 “事实上”，句首首字母需大写；be full of 是固定短语，意为 “充满”。 3. 火星上空气稀薄，没有足够的氧气维持人类生命。 The air is thin on Mars and there is not ________ ________ to support human life. 【答案】enough oxygen 【解析】句意：火星上空气稀薄，没有足够的氧气维持人类生命。enough 修饰名词时放在名词前面，enough oxygen 意为 “足够的氧气”。 4. 我认为未来火星上的生活会和地球上的生活截然不同。 I think life on Mars in the future will be ________ ________ ________ life on Earth. 【答案】quite different from 【解析】句意：我认为未来火星上的生活会和地球上的生活截然不同。be different from 是固定搭配，意为 “与…… 不同”；副词 quite 修饰形容词 different，强化程度。 5. 我们住在地下家园里，目的是保护自己免受那里恶劣环境的伤害。 We live in underground homes ________ ________ ________ protect ourselves from the difficult conditions there. 【答案】in order to 【解析】句意：我们住在地下家园里，目的是保护自己免受那里恶劣环境的伤害。in order to do sth. 意为 “为了做某事”，用于引出目的，相当于 so that 引导的目的状语从句的简化形式。 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Mars has long been the most attractive planet for human space exploration. 1. ________ the development of space technology, more countries are carrying out Mars exploration tasks. There are many 2. ________ (advantage) of exploring Mars: it can help us know more about the universe and find new resources. However, there are also great challenges. 3. ________ the terrible environment on Mars, it is very hard for humans 4. ________ (stay) there for a long time. Scientists believe that 5. ________ more research and efforts, humans will set foot on Mars in the near future. 【答案】1. With 2. advantages 3. Because of 4. to stay 5. with 【解析】本文介绍了火星探测的价值、现存挑战与未来前景，围绕本单元从句简化的核心语法设题。 1. 句意：随着航天技术的发展，越来越多的国家正在开展火星探测任务。 解析：with the development of 是固定短语，意为 “随着…… 的发展”，句首首字母大写，故填 With。 2. 句意：探索火星有很多优势：它能帮助我们更多地了解宇宙，发现新资源。 解析：many 后接可数名词复数，advantage 的复数形式为 advantages。 3. 句意：由于火星上恶劣的环境，人类很难在那里长期停留。 解析：because of 意为 “因为、由于”，后接名词短语，对应原因状语从句的简化规则，句首首字母大写，故填 Because of。 4. 句意：由于火星上恶劣的环境，人类很难在那里长期停留。 解析：固定句型 it is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.，意为 “对某人来说做某事是…… 的”，故填不定式 to stay。 5. 句意：科学家相信，通过更多的研究和努力，人类将在不久的将来踏上火星。 解析：with + 名词短语表示 “凭借、通过”，作伴随状语，符合语境，故填 with。 二、选词填空 从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当形式填入短文空白处，每个单词限用一次。 survive journey gravity crowded advantage Moving to Mars is a hot topic for young people today. Some say the biggest 1. ________ is that there is more space, so it will not be as 2. ________ as Earth. But others have different opinions. They worry about the long 3. ________ from Earth to Mars, which may take months. What’s more, the low 4. ________ will be bad for people’s bones and muscles. It is also difficult to 5. ________ there because there is not enough food or water. 【答案】1. advantage 2. crowded 3. journey 4. gravity 5. survive 【解析】本文围绕移居火星的话题，分别阐述了支持与担忧的观点，涉及空间、行程、重力、生存等维度。 1. 句意：一些人说最大的优势是空间更大，所以不会像地球那么拥挤。 解析：形容词 biggest 后接名词，advantage 意为 “优势”，对应后文 “空间更大” 的利好，故填 advantage。 2. 句意：一些人说最大的优势是空间更大，所以不会像地球那么拥挤。 解析：as + 形容词原级 + as 表示 “和…… 一样……”，crowded 意为 “拥挤的”，契合地球人口密集的特点，故填 crowded。 3. 句意：他们担心从地球到火星的漫长旅程，可能需要数月时间。 解析：形容词 long 后接名词，journey 意为 “旅程、旅行”，对应星际行程，故填 journey。 4. 句意：而且，低重力会对人们的骨骼和肌肉有害。 解析：形容词 low 后接名词，gravity 意为 “重力”，low gravity 是火星的典型环境特征，故填 gravity。 5. 句意：在那里生存也很困难，因为没有足够的食物和水。 解析：不定式符号 to 后接动词原形，survive 意为 “生存、存活”，对应物资匮乏的生存难题，故填 survive。 一、完形填空 In 2021, China’s first Mars rover Zhurong successfully landed on the red planet. Behind this great achievement, there are thousands of hard-working space engineers. One of them is 32-year-old Zhang Ran, who joined the Mars exploration team at the age of 26. When Zhang Ran was a little girl, she often looked up at the stars at night and 1. ________ what was on other planets. At 15, she watched a documentary about Mars exploration and made up her 2. ________ to work in the space industry. From then on, she studied very hard and finally entered a top university to study space science. After graduation, Zhang Ran became a member of the Zhurong rover design team. Her job was to design the power system of the rover. The team had to 3. ________ many difficulties. The biggest problem was the terrible environment on Mars. 4. ________ the low temperature and strong sandstorms, the rover must work normally for at least 90 days. They tested the rover again and again in the lab. Every part must be perfect, 5. ________ a small mistake could cause the whole task to fail. Zhang Ran often stayed up late to solve problems. Once, a problem with the battery appeared. She spent three weeks working 6. ________ to find the reason and fix it. When Zhurong finally landed on Mars 7. ________ and sent back the first picture, all the team members cried with joy. All their hard work paid off. “That moment was the 8. ________ moment of my life,” Zhang Ran said. Now Zhang Ran is working on a new Mars exploration project. She says that space exploration is a long 9. ________ with no end. Every small step is meaningful. She hopes more young people will fall in love with space science and 10. ________ the unknown universe together. 1. A. wondered B. knew C. understood D. realized 2. A. idea B. mind C. decision D. plan 3. A. find B. avoid C. face D. forget 4. A. Because B. Though C. Because of D. Instead of 5. A. so B. but C. and D. because 6. A. carefully B. quickly C. easily D. widely 7. A. suddenly B. successfully C. slowly D. usually 8. A. proudest B. saddest C. funniest D. easiest 9. A. game B. journey C. lesson D. competition 10. A. protect B. create C. explore D. describe 【答案】1.A 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.C 【解析】本文是记叙文，讲述了航天工程师张然参与祝融号火星车研发的经历，展现了中国航天人坚守梦想、攻坚克难的精神。 1. 句意：当张然还是小女孩的时候，她经常在夜晚仰望星空，好奇其他星球上有什么。 解析：wondered 意为 “好奇、想知道”，契合孩童时期对星空的疑问心态；knew 知道，understood 理解，realized 意识到，均不符合孩童的好奇视角，故选 A。 2. 句意：15 岁时，她观看了一部关于火星探测的纪录片，下定决心投身航天事业。 解析：make up one's mind 是固定短语，意为 “下定决心”；idea 想法，decision 决定，plan 计划，均不能构成该固定搭配，故选 B。 3. 句意：团队必须面对许多困难。 解析：face difficulties 意为 “面对困难”，契合科研攻坚的语境；find 发现，avoid 避免，forget 忘记，均不符合研发工作的属性，故选 C。 4. 句意：由于低温和强沙尘暴，火星车必须正常工作至少 90 天。 解析：because of 意为 “因为、由于”，后接名词短语，对应环境与任务要求的因果关系；because 后接从句，though 尽管，instead of 代替，均不符合逻辑，故选 C。 5. 句意：每个零件都必须完美无缺，因为一个小失误就可能导致整个任务失败。 解析：前后分句为因果关系，后半句解释原因，because 引导原因状语从句；so 所以，but 但是，and 和，均不符合逻辑，故选 D。 6. 句意：她花了三周时间仔细研究，找出原因并修复问题。 解析：carefully 意为 “仔细地”，对应排查故障、解决问题的严谨工作态度；quickly 快速地，easily 容易地，widely 广泛地，均不符合科研工作的细致性，故选 A。 7. 句意：当祝融号最终成功登陆火星并发回第一张照片时，所有团队成员都喜极而泣。 解析：successfully 意为 “成功地”，对应登陆火星这一重大成就；suddenly 突然，slowly 缓慢地，usually 通常，均不符合语境，故选 B。 8. 句意：“那一刻是我人生中最骄傲的时刻，” 张然说。 解析：proudest 意为 “最骄傲的”，对应任务成功后的自豪心情；saddest 最伤心的，funniest 最有趣的，easiest 最容易的，均不符合情绪基调，故选 A。 9. 句意：她说太空探索是一场没有终点的漫长旅程。 解析：journey 意为 “旅程”，将太空探索比作永无止境的旅途，契合比喻义；game 游戏，lesson 课程，competition 比赛，均不符合语境，故选 B。 10. 句意：她希望更多年轻人爱上太空科学，一起探索未知的宇宙。 解析：explore 意为 “探索”，紧扣太空探索的核心主题；protect 保护，create 创造，describe 描述，均不符合核心动作，故选 C。 二、阅读理解 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Can humans grow food on Mars? This question has interested scientists for many years. Recently, Chinese scientists have made new progress in Mars agriculture research. They did a 6-month experiment in a lab that copies the Mars environment, and successfully grew 12 kinds of vegetables, including tomatoes, potatoes and cabbages. The experiment was carried out in a special closed room. Scientists controlled the temperature, light, air and soil inside to be just like those on Mars. The Mars-like soil is made of volcanic rock and other materials, which has almost no organic matter. The air inside has less oxygen and more carbon dioxide than Earth’s air. The temperature is kept between -20°C and 20°C, just like the average temperature on Mars. To everyone’s surprise, most vegetables grew well in such conditions. The potatoes even had a higher production than those grown on Earth. Scientists say that this is because the high carbon dioxide helps plants grow faster. However, there are still problems. Some vegetables grew very slowly, and some had strange shapes because of the low gravity. Scientists say that this experiment is an important step for Mars colonization. In the future, astronauts on Mars may be able to grow their own fresh food. This will greatly reduce the need to carry food from Earth, which is very expensive and takes a long time. “Growing food on Mars is not just a science fiction idea anymore,” said the lead scientist. “We are making it come true step by step.” 1. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A. How the Mars environment experiment was done. B. What the real environment on Mars is like. C. Why scientists do the Mars agriculture experiment. D. What vegetables were grown in the experiment. 2. Why did potatoes grow better in the Mars-like environment? A. Because the soil was more nutritious. B. Because there was more oxygen in the air. C. Because the high carbon dioxide helped. D. Because the temperature was just right. 3. Which of the following is a problem of growing vegetables in Mars-like conditions? A. The vegetables taste terrible. B. Some vegetables grow very slowly. C. The vegetables are not safe to eat. D. Most vegetables die easily. 4. What can we learn from the passage? A. The experiment lasted for one year. B. Scientists grew 20 kinds of vegetables in the experiment. C. Growing food on Mars will be impossible forever. D. Carrying food from Earth to Mars is expensive. 5. What is the writer’s attitude towards Mars agriculture? A. Doubtful. B. Hopeful. C. Worried. D. Uninterested. 【答案】1.A 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.B 【解析】本文是科普说明文，介绍了中国科学家在火星农业研究上的新进展，说明了实验条件、成果、现存问题与长远意义。 1. 段落大意题。第二段主要介绍了实验在封闭舱内开展，科学家通过调控温度、光照、空气、土壤等模拟火星环境，核心是该火星环境实验的实施方式，故选 A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段 “Scientists say that this is because the high carbon dioxide helps plants grow faster.” 可知，土豆产量更高是因为高浓度二氧化碳的促进作用，故选 C。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段 “However, there are still problems. Some vegetables grew very slowly” 可知，类火星环境种植的问题之一是部分蔬菜生长缓慢，故选 B。 4. 细节判断题。根据第四段 “This will greatly reduce the need to carry food from Earth, which is very expensive and takes a long time.” 可知，从地球向火星运送食物成本很高，D 表述正确；A “实验持续一年” 与原文 “6 个月” 不符；B “20 种蔬菜” 与原文 “12 种” 不符；C “永远不可能” 与原文 “正在逐步实现” 相悖，均排除。 5. 观点态度题。根据最后一段 “Growing food on Mars is not just a science fiction idea anymore... We are making it come true step by step.” 可知，作者认为火星农业正在逐步落地，对其未来充满希望，故选 B。 三、首字母填空 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。 Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. It is often 1. c________ the “red planet” because of its red colour. For hundreds of years, humans have been 2. d________ of living on Mars. But to make this dream come true, there are still many problems to 3. s________. First of all, there is no breathable air on Mars. The air there is made up mostly of carbon dioxide, with very little 4. o________. Humans cannot breathe there, so they have to wear special spacesuits all the time when they go out. Second, the temperature on Mars is very low. The average temperature is 5. a________ -60°C, and it can drop to -140°C at night. It is freezing cold for humans. Third, Mars has strong sandstorms. The sandstorms can 6. l________ for months and cover the whole planet. They can damage equipment and make it hard for solar panels to get energy. Fourth, the low gravity on Mars is bad for 7. h________ health. It can make muscles and bones weak over time. 8. L________, scientists are working hard to solve these problems. They are developing new technologies to make Mars more livable. Some scientists are trying to change the Mars environment to make it more like Earth. This is called “terraforming”. 9. A________ it may take hundreds of years, many people believe that humans will finally build a home on Mars one day. What’s your 10. o________ about living on Mars? 【答案】1.called 2.dreaming 3.solve 4.oxygen 5.around 6.last 7.human 8.Luckily 9.Although 10.opinion 【解析】本文是科普说明文，介绍了火星的别称、人类移居火星面临的四大难题，以及科学家的努力与未来展望。 1. 句意：它常被称为 “红色星球”，因为它的颜色是红色的。 解析：本句为被动语态 be + 过去分词，结合首字母 c，called 意为 “被称为”，契合火星的别称语境。 2. 句意：数百年来，人类一直梦想着在火星上生活。 解析：现在完成进行时 have been doing，结合首字母 d，dreaming 意为 “梦想”，dream of doing sth. 表示 “梦想做某事”。 3. 句意：但要实现这个梦想，仍有许多问题需要解决。 解析：不定式符号 to 后接动词原形，结合首字母 s，solve 意为 “解决”，solve problems 为固定搭配。 4. 句意：那里的空气主要由二氧化碳组成，氧气含量极少。 解析：形容词 little 后接不可数名词，结合首字母 o，oxygen 意为 “氧气”，对应火星大气的组成特点。 5. 句意：平均气温约为零下 60 摄氏度，夜间可降至零下 140 摄氏度。 解析：结合首字母 a，around 意为 “大约、左右”，用于描述平均数值。 6. 句意：沙尘暴可以持续数月，覆盖整个星球。 解析：情态动词 can 后接动词原形，结合首字母 l，last 意为 “持续”，表示事件的时长。 7. 句意：第四，火星的低重力对人体健康有害。 解析：修饰名词 health 用形容词，结合首字母 h，human 意为 “人类的”，human health 表示 “人类健康”。 8. 句意：幸运的是，科学家们正在努力解决这些问题。 解析：副词作状语修饰整个句子，结合首字母 L，Luckily 意为 “幸运的是”，对应积极的发展趋势。 9. 句意：尽管这可能需要数百年的时间，但许多人相信人类终有一天会在火星上建立家园。 解析：前后分句为让步关系，结合首字母 A，Although 意为 “尽管、虽然”，引导让步状语从句。 10. 句意：你对移居火星有什么看法？ 解析：形容词性物主代词 your 后接名词，结合首字母 o，opinion 意为 “观点、看法”，one's opinion about sth. 表示 “某人对某事的看法”。 一、七选五 （2025・江苏宿迁中考） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Cycling is popular and enjoyable. It is not only a good way to keep healthy but also an action to protect the environment. 1. ________ Here are some tips on how to keep safe while cycling. 2. ________ Before you start cycling, you need to examine the condition of your bike with care. For example, make sure that the brakes (刹车) work well and the chain (链条) can turn with no problems. Use proper equipment. Wear a helmet. 3. ________ Before you start cycling, you should fasten (扣紧) your helmet. Wear bright and reflective (反光的) clothes on the road. Make sure your bike has lights. All these can greatly reduce the risk of being hurt. Follow traffic rules. You are required to follow the same traffic rules as drivers. 4. ________ For example, you should ride at a safe speed on the right side of the road, wait at the traffic lights and let passers-by go first. Stay focused (专注的). 5. ________ If you chat with others when you are cycling, it can distract (使分心) you and put yourself at the risk of road accidents. By following these tips, you can enjoy cycling and stay safe at the same time. Always remember that safety comes first! Happy cycling! A. You need to buy a new hat. B. It is important to stay focused. C. Examine your bike with care. D. Remember that your helmet fits you well. E. Keep the traffic rules in mind all the time. F. However, sometimes it may be dangerous. G. You can do anything you want while cycling. 【答案】1.F 2.C 3.D 4.E 5.B 【解析】本文是说明文，介绍了骑行安全的几条实用建议，呼吁大家重视安全、快乐骑行。 1. 解析：前文说骑行受欢迎、有益健康，后文引出骑行安全建议。F 项 “然而，有时骑行也可能很危险” 承上启下，形成转折，自然引出安全话题，故选 F。 2. 解析：后文说明骑行前要仔细检查自行车状况，比如刹车、链条。C 项 “仔细检查你的自行车” 作为段首总起句，概括本段核心内容，故选 C。 3. 解析：前文说要佩戴头盔，后文说骑行前要扣紧头盔。D 项 “要确保头盔大小合适” 衔接上下文，围绕头盔的使用展开说明，故选 D。 4. 解析：本段主题是遵守交通规则，后文举例说明具体的交通准则。E 项 “时刻牢记交通规则” 承接主题，引出下文的举例，故选 E。 5. 解析：本段主题是保持专注，后文说明聊天会分心、引发事故。B 项 “保持专注很重要” 点明本段主旨，与主题句呼应，故选 B。 二、短文填空 （2025・江苏扬州中考） Chinese writer Wang Zengqi once wrote, “When I arrive in a new place, I prefer to visit the local farmers market to see live chickens and ducks, fresh vegetables and bright fruits. It’s lively and brings me a sense of the joy of 1. l________.” Nowadays, more people feel the same as Wang. They love to explore farmers markets wherever they visit. These traditional markets, which used to be just local 2. s________ places, are attracting visitors during holidays, especially the young. They think visiting a city 3. w________ exploring farmers markets is a waste of a trip. There they can enjoy mouthwatering food, local culture and real nature of a city. Luo Yan, a tour lover, travels around markets nationwide. He agrees these farmers markets are 4. c________ to local people’s daily life than those scenic spots and supermarkets which seem all the same everywhere. In Xi’an, he enjoyed tasty Roujiamo, 5. w________ in Inner Mongolia, he tasted the famous air-dried beef. The generous sellers 6. e________ shared with him some trade secrets. Foreign travellers, too, consider these markets as interesting 7. w________ into Chinese daily life. 【答案】1.life 2.shopping 3.without 4.closer 5.while 6.even 7.windows 【解析】本文是说明文，介绍了传统农贸市场的独特魅力，说明它不仅是购物场所，更是了解城市文化与市井生活的窗口。 1. 句意：那里充满生机，让我感受到生活的乐趣。 解析：介词 of 后接名词，结合首字母 l，life 意为 “生活”，the joy of life 表示 “生活的乐趣”。 2. 句意：这些传统市场过去只是当地的购物场所，如今在假期吸引着游客，尤其是年轻人。 解析：动名词作定语修饰 places，结合首字母 s，shopping places 意为 “购物场所”。 3. 句意：他们认为，游览一座城市却不去逛农贸市场，这趟旅行就白费了。 解析：结合首字母 w，without 意为 “没有”，表示 “不做某事”，符合语境逻辑。 4. 句意：他认为，比起那些千篇一律的景点和超市，这些农贸市场更贴近当地人的日常生活。 解析：由 than 可知需用形容词比较级，结合首字母 c，closer 意为 “更近的”，be close to 表示 “贴近、靠近”。 5. 句意：在西安，他吃到了美味的肉夹馍，而在内蒙古，他尝到了有名的风干牛肉。 解析：结合首字母 w，while 意为 “而”，用于前后两个地点的对比。 6. 句意：大方的摊主甚至和他分享了一些行业秘诀。 解析：副词修饰动词 shared，结合首字母 e，even 意为 “甚至”，表示语义递进。 7. 句意：外国游客也认为这些市场是了解中国日常生活的有趣窗口。 解析：形容词 interesting 后接名词复数，结合首字母 w，windows 意为 “窗口”，比喻了解事物的途径。 $ Unit 4 Exploring space 课时5 Integration ABC 分层作业 参考答案 核心知识速记 词汇：challenge；advantage；disadvantage；oxygen；survive；journey；crowded；survey 句型： 1.Sounds like 2.be full of 3.It's hard to 4.totally different from 5.in order to 一、单词默写 1.explorer 2.fuel 3.spacecraft 4.freezing 5.alien 6.underground 7.survival 8.repair 二、词组默写 1.give up 2.sound like 3.in fact 4.send messages 5.survival skills 6.daily life 7.dream come true 8.be different from 三、 根据要求完成句子 1.Moving to 2.In fact; full of 3.enough oxygen 4.quite different from 5.in order to 一、语法填空 1.With 2.advantages 3.Because of 4.to stay 5.with 二、选词填空 1.advantage 2.crowded 3.journey 4.gravity 5.survive 一、完形填空 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.C 二、阅读理解 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.B 三、首字母填空 1.called 2.dreaming 3.solve 4.oxygen 5.around 6.last 7.human 8.Luckily 9.Although 10.opinion 一、七选五 1.F 2.C 3.D 4.E 5.B 二、短文填空 1.life 2.shopping 3.without 4.closer 5.while 6.even 7.windows ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $