Unit 4 课时4 Grammar（分层作业）英语新教材译林版九年级下册

Unit 4 Exploring space 课时4 Grammar 分层作业 参考答案 一、单词默写 1.weak 2.alien 3.freezing 4.block 5.shocked 6.fetch 7.planet 8.survive 二、词组默写 1.all of a sudden 2.in case 3.work out shtu the age of 5.because of 6.sound like 7.give up 8.make it through 三、 根据要求完成句子 1.without support 2.because of 3.in 4.about; meaning 5.at the age of 一、语法填空 1.With 2.so that 3.of 4.Without 5.in 二、选词填空 1.challenges 2.gravity 3.freezing 4.to survive 5.exploring 一、完形填空 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.C 9.D 10.D 二、阅读理解 1.B 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.C 三、首字母填空 1.number 2.tools 3.dangerous 4.Luckily 5.deal 6.collect 7.own 8.orbit 9.Protecting 10.together 一、七选五 1.E 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.B 二、阅读填空 1.treasure 2.already 3.tourists 4.awareness 5.useful ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Unit 4 Exploring space 课时4 Grammar 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 ( 本单元语法核心为复合句与简单句的相互转换，通过介词 / 介词短语替代从句简化句子结构，句意保持不变，共三类转换规则： 1. 状语从句 → 简单句 借助介词短语替换不同类型的状语从句，常见对应关系： if 引导的否定含义条件状语从句 → without + 名词/动名词 because 引导的原因状语从句 → because of + 名词/名词短语 when 引导的表年龄时间状语从句 → at the age of + 基数词 as soon as 引导的时间状语从句 → on/upon + 名词/动名词 though/although 引导的让步状语从句 → in spite of + 名词/名词短语 so that 引导的目的状语从句 → in order to + 动词原形 for fear that 引导的目的状语从句 → for fear of + 名词/名词短语 2. 宾语从句 → 简单句 借助介词 of / about 将宾语从句转化为名词性短语，常见结构： be worried that... → be worried about + 名词短语 be aware that... → be aware of + 名词短语 be sure whether/that... → be sure about + 名词短语 3. 限制性定语从句 → 简单句 借助介词 with / in 简化定语修饰成分，常见对应： 先行词 + that/which has/have...（表 “带有、具有”） → 先行词 + with + 名词短语 先行词 + who/that wear(s) + 衣物类名词 → 先行词 + in + 衣物类名词 ) 一、单词默写 ( 6 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. ________ adj. 虚弱的；无力的 2. ________ n. 外星人 3. ________ adj. 极冷的；冰冻的 4. ________ n. 块；街区 5. ________ adj. 震惊的；惊讶的 6. ________ v. 取来；拿来 7. ________ n. 行星 8. ________ v. 存活；生存 二、词组默写 1. 突然；猛地 _______________________ 2. 以防；以防万一 _______________________ 3. 奏效；产生预期效果 _______________________ 4. 在…… 岁时 _______________________ 5. 因为；由于 _______________________ 6. 听起来像 _______________________ 7. 认输；放弃努力 _______________________ 8. 渡过难关 _______________________ 三、根据要求完成句子 1. The astronaut could not finish the task if he had no support. The astronaut could not finish the task _______ _______. 2. We felt excited because we watched the rocket launch. We felt excited _______ _______ the rocket launch. 3. The scientist who wears a white coat is leading the space project. The scientist _______ a white coat is leading the space project. 4. We are sure that space exploration is greatly meaningful. We are sure _______ the great _______ of space exploration. 5. He entered the space station when he was 35. He entered the space station _______ _______ _______ _______ 35. 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s Tiangong Space Station is a new home for Chinese astronauts in space. 1 the help of advanced equipment, astronauts can carry out hundreds of scientific experiments there. They must take enough supplies 2 they can live through the long space journey. Most people are aware 3 the great difficulty of space tasks. 4 the efforts of thousands of scientists, these tasks would never be achieved. Astronauts 5 special spacesuits can step out of the station to do spacewalks safely. 二、选词填空 从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当形式填入短文空白处，每个单词限用一次。 survive challenge gravity freezing explore Space travel is full of 1 for humans. On Mars, the low 2 makes people’s muscles and bones weak over time. The 3 temperature at night also makes it hard for humans 4 there. However, scientists never give up 5 the unknown universe, and step by step, they make the impossible possible. 一、完形填空 In 2026, a 28-year-old engineer named Lin Yue joined China’s lunar exploration team. Her job was to design the control system of a new lunar rover. At first, she felt 1 about the task, as it was the first time she had taken part in a national space project. The team had only 6 months to finish the design. Every day, Lin Yue worked with her teammates in the lab, testing every part of the system again and again. They had to 2 every possible problem that might happen on the moon. 3 the special environment of the moon, even a small mistake could cause the whole task to fail. One night, a sudden sandstorm in the test base broke part of the equipment. The team had to rush to fix it 4 the test would not be influenced. Lin Yue stayed up for over 20 hours to solve the problem. When she finally finished, her legs felt 5 from tiredness, but she was very happy. Three months later, the rover was sent to the moon successfully. On the first day on the moon, the rover sent back pictures of the far side of the moon. The pictures showed 6 rocks and special soil that people had never seen before. All the team members cried with joy. Lin Yue still remembers the day when she first decided to be a space engineer. She was 10 years old, and she watched the launch of Shenzhou 10 on TV. From then on, she made up her mind to work for China’s space program. 7 difficulties, she never gave up her dream. Now, Lin Yue is working on a new Mars exploration project. She says that space exploration is a long journey, and every small step is worth it. People 8 brave dreams can always push the boundaries of human knowledge. She hopes that more young people will fall in love with space and 9 the unknown universe together. The journey to space is never easy, 10 the courage of explorers will always light up the way forward. 1. A. nervous B. excited C. bored D. upset 2. A. find B. avoid C. remember D. copy 3. A. For B. With C. Because of D. From 4. A. because B. so that C. though D. if 5. A. weak B. strong C. soft D. hard 6. A. common B. terrible C. strange D. simple 7. A. Because of B. In spite of C. Instead of D. Along with 8. A. in B. on C. with D. for 9. A. protect B. create C. describe D. explore 10. A. so B. or C. and D. but 二、阅读理解 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Growing plants in space might sound like a science fiction story, but it has already come true in China’s Tiangong Space Station. For years, Chinese scientists have been doing research on space agriculture, hoping to solve the food problem for long-term space travel. In 2026, Chinese astronauts successfully grew rice and tomatoes in the space station. The plants grew in a special box with controlled temperature, light and water. Different from plants on Earth, space plants do not need soil. They get nutrients from a special liquid. The low gravity in space also changes the way plants grow: their roots spread out in all directions instead of growing down into the soil. Scientists say that growing plants in space has many advantages. First, fresh vegetables can provide astronauts with enough vitamins, which is important for their health during long space tasks. Second, plants can help make the air in the space station cleaner: they take in carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. Third, watching plants grow can also make astronauts feel relaxed, reducing the stress of living in space for a long time. However, space planting still faces many challenges. The most serious one is the limited space in the space station. Scientists have to design small and efficient planting equipment to make full use of every corner. Another challenge is the radiation in space. High radiation may hurt the plants and make them grow abnormally. Scientists are trying to find special plants that can stand the radiation environment. In the future, space agriculture might help build human bases on the moon and Mars. Scientists are planning to build a small farm on the lunar base. They will try to grow more kinds of vegetables and even grain there. “Growing food in space is a key step for humans to go deeper into the universe,” said a lead scientist of the program. “We will keep working to make space travel more possible for everyone.” 1. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. The history of space planting in China. B. The growth conditions of plants in space. C. The difficulties of growing plants in space. D. The future plans for space agriculture. 2. Which of the following is an advantage of space planting? A. It saves a lot of room in the space station. B. It can produce enough food for all humans. C. It helps improve the air quality in space. D. It makes space travel much cheaper. 3. What is the biggest challenge for space planting? A. The harmful space radiation. B. The lack of professional scientists. C. The high cost of the equipment. D. The limited space in the station. 4. What can we know from the passage? A. Space plants grow in special liquid instead of soil. B. Astronauts have grown grain in the space station. C. Plants grow faster in space than on Earth. D. The low gravity has no influence on plants. 5. What is the writer’s attitude towards the future of space agriculture? A. Doubtful. B. Worried. C. Hopeful. D. Uninterested. 三、首字母填空 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。 Space junk, also called space debris, has become a serious problem for human space exploration. There are millions of pieces of junk floating around the Earth, and the n___1___ is still growing every year. Most space junk comes from man-made objects. Old satellites, broken rocket parts and even t___2___ dropped by astronauts are all space junk. These objects fly around the Earth at a very high speed — about 7 to 8 kilometers per second. Even a small piece of junk can be d___3___ to spacecraft and satellites, because it can hit them with great power. In 2025, a small piece of junk hit a Chinese satellite and caused minor damage. L___4___, no serious accident happened. But scientists say that if we don’t take action, space junk will make it dangerous for humans to go into space in the future. Many countries are working on ways to d___5___ with space junk. Some scientists are designing special robots that can c___6___ the junk and bring it back to Earth. Others are trying to push old satellites into the Earth’s atmosphere, where they will burn up. China is also making its o___7___ efforts. In 2026, China tested a new space cleaning satellite. The satellite can get close to old satellites and pull them out of o___8___. It is one of the most advanced technologies in the world. Space is the common wealth of all humans. P___9___ the space environment is not just one country’s job. All countries need to work t___10___ to keep space clean and safe for future exploration. 一、七选五 （2025・江苏苏州中考） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Paper money isn’t just for spending — it’s also for learning. Let’s start with China. (1) ________ On the 20 yuan note, there is the Lijiang River in Guilin, with green mountains rising from calm waters. (2) ________ On the 5 yuan note, you’ll find Mount Tai, one of the most famous mountains in China. A large number of poems were written in praise of it. (3) ________ Switzerland’s notes include mountains, rivers, and even wind patterns! Canada’s have snowy landscapes and maple leaves. These days, many people use phones or cards as a way to pay. (4) ________ But paper money still has its value — not only in money, but in meaning. You can hold it, look at it, and learn from it. It can be a tiny museum in your pocket. So next time you hold your paper money, take a second look. (5) ________ A. It’s fast and easy. B. It’s a lesson worth learning. C. Other countries do this too, in their own way. D. It’s so beautiful that artists have painted it for centuries. E. Every note shows famous natural sights of our country. F. Different countries have different kinds of paper money. G. Many people think paper money will disappear one day. 二、阅读填空 （2025・江苏南京中考） 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。 Few people noticed the value of intangible (非物质的) cultural heritage decades ago, but today, it’s seen as a t____1____ connecting us to history. In China, a____2____ over 1,500 items are listed as national intangible heritage. For better or worse, modern lifestyles have changed the way we experience traditions, and they’re also reshaping cultural inheritance (传承), having a huge impact on our roots. These heritages bring us countless inspirations. They provide jobs for craftsmen (工匠) and help villages attract t____3____. Since the a____4____ of protection is rising, they also benefit young learners: we can now study ancient skills in workshops. This is especially important for teenagers as they might lack chances to touch real-life traditions. Not only do these heritages carry history, but they also offer a wide variety of art forms to appreciate. They have proved to be u____5____ for rural development: villagers near old-style theatres can now earn money by performing traditional operas, spreading culture more easily. However, we must face the challenges of heritage protection. For one thing, they make it harder to preserve (留存) original forms in a fast-changing society. For another, many old craftsmen are leaving us, and their skills may disappear forever. Luckily, more and more young people are starting to learn these skills. We believe that with joint efforts, cultural heritage will live on and shine brighter in the future. $Unit 4 Exploring space 课时4 Grammar 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 ( 本单元语法核心为复合句与简单句的相互转换，通过介词 / 介词短语替代从句简化句子结构，句意保持不变，共三类转换规则： 1. 状语从句 → 简单句 借助介词短语替换不同类型的状语从句，常见对应关系： if 引导的否定含义条件状语从句 → without + 名词/动名词 because 引导的原因状语从句 → because of + 名词/名词短语 when 引导的表年龄时间状语从句 → at the age of + 基数词 as soon as 引导的时间状语从句 → on/upon + 名词/动名词 though/although 引导的让步状语从句 → in spite of + 名词/名词短语 so that 引导的目的状语从句 → in order to + 动词原形 for fear that 引导的目的状语从句 → for fear of + 名词/名词短语 2. 宾语从句 → 简单句 借助介词 of / about 将宾语从句转化为名词性短语，常见结构： be worried that... → be worried about + 名词短语 be aware that... → be aware of + 名词短语 be sure whether/that... → be sure about + 名词短语 3. 限制性定语从句 → 简单句 借助介词 with / in 简化定语修饰成分，常见对应： 先行词 + that/which has/have...（表 “带有、具有”） → 先行词 + with + 名词短语 先行词 + who/that wear(s) + 衣物类名词 → 先行词 + in + 衣物类名词 ) 一、单词默写 ( 6 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. ________ adj. 虚弱的；无力的 2. ________ n. 外星人 3. ________ adj. 极冷的；冰冻的 4. ________ n. 块；街区 5. ________ adj. 震惊的；惊讶的 6. ________ v. 取来；拿来 7. ________ n. 行星 8. ________ v. 存活；生存 【答案】1. weak 2. alien 3. freezing 4. block 5. shocked 6. fetch 7. planet 8. survive 二、词组默写 1. 突然；猛地 _______________________ 2. 以防；以防万一 _______________________ 3. 奏效；产生预期效果 _______________________ 4. 在…… 岁时 _______________________ 5. 因为；由于 _______________________ 6. 听起来像 _______________________ 7. 认输；放弃努力 _______________________ 8. 渡过难关 _______________________ 【答案】 1. all of a sudden 2. in case 3. work out 4. at the age of 5. because of 6. sound like 7. give up 8. make it through 三、根据要求完成句子 1. The astronaut could not finish the task if he had no support. The astronaut could not finish the task _______ _______. 【答案】without support 【解析】句意：没有支持，这位宇航员无法完成任务。本题考查 if 引导的否定条件状语从句转换为 without + 名词结构，without support 相当于 if he had no support，对应状语从句→简单句的转换规则。 2. We felt excited because we watched the rocket launch. We felt excited _______ _______ the rocket launch. 【答案】because of 【解析】句意：因为观看火箭发射，我们感到很兴奋。本题考查 because 引导的原因状语从句转换为 because of + 名词短语结构，because of the rocket launch 相当于 because we watched the rocket launch，对应原因状语从句的简化规则。 3. The scientist who wears a white coat is leading the space project. The scientist _______ a white coat is leading the space project. 【答案】in 【解析】句意：那位穿白大褂的科学家正在主导这个太空项目。本题考查 who 引导的定语从句（表穿着）转换为 in + 衣物名词结构，in a white coat 相当于 who wears a white coat，对应定语从句→简单句的转换规则。 4. We are sure that space exploration is greatly meaningful. We are sure _______ the great _______ of space exploration. 【答案】about; meaning 【解析】句意：我们确信太空探索意义重大。本题考查 be sure that 引导的宾语从句转换为 be sure about + 名词短语结构，be sure about the great meaning 相当于 be sure that sth is greatly meaningful，对应宾语从句→简单句的转换规则。 5. He entered the space station when he was 35. He entered the space station _______ _______ _______ _______ 35. 【答案】at the age of 【解析】句意：他 35 岁时进入了空间站。本题考查 when 引导的表年龄的时间状语从句转换为 at the age of + 基数词结构，at the age of 35 相当于 when he was 35，对应时间状语从句的简化规则。 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s Tiangong Space Station is a new home for Chinese astronauts in space. 1 the help of advanced equipment, astronauts can carry out hundreds of scientific experiments there. They must take enough supplies 2 they can live through the long space journey. Most people are aware 3 the great difficulty of space tasks. 4 the efforts of thousands of scientists, these tasks would never be achieved. Astronauts 5 special spacesuits can step out of the station to do spacewalks safely. 【答案】1. With 2. so that 3. of 4. Without 5. in 【解析】本文介绍了中国天宫空间站的科研条件与太空任务的难度，围绕本单元三大从句简化语法点设题。 1. 句意：凭借先进设备的帮助，宇航员可以在那里开展数百项科学实验。 解析：固定搭配 with the help of 意为 “在…… 的帮助下”，属于介词短语作状语，相当于 because 引导的原因状语从句的简化，句首首字母大写，故填 With。 2. 句意：他们必须携带足够的补给，才能熬过漫长的太空旅程。 解析：so that 引导目的状语从句，意为 “以便，为了”，对应 so that 从句与 in order to 的转换考点，故填 so that。 3. 句意：大多数人都意识到太空任务的巨大难度。 解析：固定搭配 be aware of 意为 “意识到”，相当于 be aware that 引导的宾语从句，对应宾语从句→简单句的转换规则，故填 of。 4. 句意：没有成千上万科学家的努力，这些任务永远无法实现。 解析：without + 名词短语相当于 if 引导的否定条件状语从句，对应状语从句的简化规则，句首首字母大写，故填 Without。 5. 句意：穿着特制宇航服的宇航员可以安全地走出空间站进行太空行走。 解析：in + 衣物名词相当于 who 引导的定语从句（表穿着），对应定语从句→简单句的转换规则，故填 in。 二、选词填空 从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当形式填入短文空白处，每个单词限用一次。 survive challenge gravity freezing explore Space travel is full of 1 for humans. On Mars, the low 2 makes people’s muscles and bones weak over time. The 3 temperature at night also makes it hard for humans 4 there. However, scientists never give up 5 the unknown universe, and step by step, they make the impossible possible. 【答案】1. challenges 2. gravity 3. freezing 4. to survive 5. exploring 【解析】本文阐述了太空旅行面临的多重挑战，以及科学家从未停止探索未知宇宙的坚持，考查核心词汇在语境中的变形与运用。 1. 句意：太空旅行对人类而言充满挑战。 解析：be full of 后接可数名词复数，challenge 意为 “挑战”，复数形式为 challenges，契合太空旅行的属性。 2. 句意：在火星上，低重力会让人类的肌肉和骨骼逐渐变弱。 解析：形容词 low 后接名词，gravity 意为 “重力”，符合火星环境的特点。 3. 句意：夜间极低的气温也让人类难以在那里生存。 解析：修饰名词 temperature 用形容词，freezing 意为 “极冷的，冰冻的”，对应太空星球的低温环境。 4. 句意：夜间极低的气温也让人类难以在那里生存。 解析：固定结构 make it hard for sb. to do sth.，意为 “让某人做某事很困难”，故填不定式 to survive。 5. 句意：然而，科学家从未放弃探索未知的宇宙，一步步将不可能变为可能。 解析：固定搭配 give up doing sth. 意为 “放弃做某事”，explore 的动名词形式为 exploring。 一、完形填空 In 2026, a 28-year-old engineer named Lin Yue joined China’s lunar exploration team. Her job was to design the control system of a new lunar rover. At first, she felt 1 about the task, as it was the first time she had taken part in a national space project. The team had only 6 months to finish the design. Every day, Lin Yue worked with her teammates in the lab, testing every part of the system again and again. They had to 2 every possible problem that might happen on the moon. 3 the special environment of the moon, even a small mistake could cause the whole task to fail. One night, a sudden sandstorm in the test base broke part of the equipment. The team had to rush to fix it 4 the test would not be influenced. Lin Yue stayed up for over 20 hours to solve the problem. When she finally finished, her legs felt 5 from tiredness, but she was very happy. Three months later, the rover was sent to the moon successfully. On the first day on the moon, the rover sent back pictures of the far side of the moon. The pictures showed 6 rocks and special soil that people had never seen before. All the team members cried with joy. Lin Yue still remembers the day when she first decided to be a space engineer. She was 10 years old, and she watched the launch of Shenzhou 10 on TV. From then on, she made up her mind to work for China’s space program. 7 difficulties, she never gave up her dream. Now, Lin Yue is working on a new Mars exploration project. She says that space exploration is a long journey, and every small step is worth it. People 8 brave dreams can always push the boundaries of human knowledge. She hopes that more young people will fall in love with space and 9 the unknown universe together. The journey to space is never easy, 10 the courage of explorers will always light up the way forward. 1. A. nervous B. excited C. bored D. upset 2. A. find B. avoid C. remember D. copy 3. A. For B. With C. Because of D. From 4. A. because B. so that C. though D. if 5. A. weak B. strong C. soft D. hard 6. A. common B. terrible C. strange D. simple 7. A. Because of B. In spite of C. Instead of D. Along with 8. A. in B. on C. with D. for 9. A. protect B. create C. describe D. explore 10. A. so B. or C. and D. but 【答案】1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.C 9.D 10.D 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了工程师林月参与月球探测项目的经历，展现了中国航天人不畏困难、坚守梦想的精神，多处考查本单元从句简化的语法点。 1. 句意：起初，她对这项任务感到紧张，因为这是她第一次参与国家级航天项目。 解析：第一次参与国家级项目，心情应该是紧张的，nervous 意为 “紧张的”；excited 兴奋的，bored 无聊的，upset 沮丧的，均不符合初次参与重大项目的心态，故选 A。 2. 句意：他们必须规避月球上可能发生的每一个潜在问题。 解析：航天项目需要避免问题，avoid 意为 “避免、规避”；find 发现，remember 记住，copy 复制，均不符合严谨的项目要求，故选 B。 3. 句意：由于月球特殊的环境，哪怕一个小失误都可能导致整个任务失败。 解析：前后是因果关系，because of 意为 “因为、由于”，后接名词短语，对应本单元原因状语从句的简化规则；for 表原因时通常不放在句首，with 表伴随，from 来自，均不符合逻辑，故选 C。 4. 句意：团队必须赶紧修复，以便测试不受影响。 解析：后半句是前半句的目的，so that 意为 “以便”，引导目的状语从句，对应本单元目的状语从句的语法点；because 因为，though 尽管，if 如果，均不符合逻辑，故选 B。 5. 句意：当她最终完成时，双腿因为疲惫感到虚弱，但她非常开心。 解析：熬夜 20 多小时，身体会虚弱，weak 意为 “虚弱的、无力的”，是本单元核心词汇；strong 强壮的，soft 柔软的，hard 坚硬的，均不符合疲惫后的状态，故选 A。 6. 句意：照片展示了人们从未见过的奇特岩石和特殊土壤。 解析：从未见过的岩石是奇特的，strange 意为 “奇怪的、奇特的”；common 普通的，terrible 糟糕的，simple 简单的，均与 “从未见过” 的语境不符，故选 C。 7. 句意：尽管困难重重，她从未放弃自己的梦想。 解析：前后是让步关系，in spite of 意为 “尽管”，后接名词，对应本单元让步状语从句的简化规则；because of 因为，instead of 代替，along with 和…… 一起，均不符合转折逻辑，故选 B。 8. 句意：怀揣勇敢梦想的人总能不断拓展人类知识的边界。 解析：with + 名词短语作后置定语，意为 “带有、怀有”，对应本单元定语从句的简化规则；in 在…… 里，on 在…… 上，for 为了，均不符合搭配，故选 C。 9. 句意：她希望更多年轻人爱上太空，一起探索未知的宇宙。 解析：探索宇宙是固定搭配，explore 意为 “探索”；protect 保护，create 创造，describe 描述，均不符合太空主题的核心动作，故选 D。 10. 句意：太空之旅从来都不易，但探索者的勇气总会照亮前行的道路。 解析：前后分句是转折关系，but 意为 “但是”；so 所以，or 或者，and 和，均不符合转折逻辑，故选 D。 二、阅读理解 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Growing plants in space might sound like a science fiction story, but it has already come true in China’s Tiangong Space Station. For years, Chinese scientists have been doing research on space agriculture, hoping to solve the food problem for long-term space travel. In 2026, Chinese astronauts successfully grew rice and tomatoes in the space station. The plants grew in a special box with controlled temperature, light and water. Different from plants on Earth, space plants do not need soil. They get nutrients from a special liquid. The low gravity in space also changes the way plants grow: their roots spread out in all directions instead of growing down into the soil. Scientists say that growing plants in space has many advantages. First, fresh vegetables can provide astronauts with enough vitamins, which is important for their health during long space tasks. Second, plants can help make the air in the space station cleaner: they take in carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. Third, watching plants grow can also make astronauts feel relaxed, reducing the stress of living in space for a long time. However, space planting still faces many challenges. The most serious one is the limited space in the space station. Scientists have to design small and efficient planting equipment to make full use of every corner. Another challenge is the radiation in space. High radiation may hurt the plants and make them grow abnormally. Scientists are trying to find special plants that can stand the radiation environment. In the future, space agriculture might help build human bases on the moon and Mars. Scientists are planning to build a small farm on the lunar base. They will try to grow more kinds of vegetables and even grain there. “Growing food in space is a key step for humans to go deeper into the universe,” said a lead scientist of the program. “We will keep working to make space travel more possible for everyone.” 1. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. The history of space planting in China. B. The growth conditions of plants in space. C. The difficulties of growing plants in space. D. The future plans for space agriculture. 2. Which of the following is an advantage of space planting? A. It saves a lot of room in the space station. B. It can produce enough food for all humans. C. It helps improve the air quality in space. D. It makes space travel much cheaper. 3. What is the biggest challenge for space planting? A. The harmful space radiation. B. The lack of professional scientists. C. The high cost of the equipment. D. The limited space in the station. 4. What can we know from the passage? A. Space plants grow in special liquid instead of soil. B. Astronauts have grown grain in the space station. C. Plants grow faster in space than on Earth. D. The low gravity has no influence on plants. 5. What is the writer’s attitude towards the future of space agriculture? A. Doubtful. B. Worried. C. Hopeful. D. Uninterested. 【答案】1.B 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.C 【解析】本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍了中国空间站太空种植的成果、优势、现存挑战与未来前景，贴合单元太空探索主题。 1. 段落大意题。根据第二段内容，主要介绍了太空植物的生长环境：无土壤、特殊营养液、低重力影响生长方式等，也就是太空植物的生长条件，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段 “Second, plants can help make the air in the space station cleaner” 可知，太空种植的优势之一是改善空间站的空气质量，故选 C。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段 “The most serious one is the limited space in the space station.” 可知，太空种植最大的挑战是空间站空间有限，故选 D。 4. 细节判断题。根据第二段 “Different from plants on Earth, space plants do not need soil. They get nutrients from a special liquid.” 可知，太空植物不靠土壤，而是靠特殊的液体获取养分，A 表述正确；B “宇航员已种出谷物” 与原文 “未来计划种谷物” 不符；C “植物在太空长得更快” 文中未提及；D “低重力对植物无影响” 与原文 “改变生长方式” 不符，均排除。 5. 观点态度题。根据最后一段 “Growing food in space is a key step... We will keep working...” 可知，作者认为太空种植意义重大且会持续发展，对未来充满希望，故选 C。 三、首字母填空 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。 Space junk, also called space debris, has become a serious problem for human space exploration. There are millions of pieces of junk floating around the Earth, and the n___1___ is still growing every year. Most space junk comes from man-made objects. Old satellites, broken rocket parts and even t___2___ dropped by astronauts are all space junk. These objects fly around the Earth at a very high speed — about 7 to 8 kilometers per second. Even a small piece of junk can be d___3___ to spacecraft and satellites, because it can hit them with great power. In 2025, a small piece of junk hit a Chinese satellite and caused minor damage. L___4___, no serious accident happened. But scientists say that if we don’t take action, space junk will make it dangerous for humans to go into space in the future. Many countries are working on ways to d___5___ with space junk. Some scientists are designing special robots that can c___6___ the junk and bring it back to Earth. Others are trying to push old satellites into the Earth’s atmosphere, where they will burn up. China is also making its o___7___ efforts. In 2026, China tested a new space cleaning satellite. The satellite can get close to old satellites and pull them out of o___8___. It is one of the most advanced technologies in the world. Space is the common wealth of all humans. P___9___ the space environment is not just one country’s job. All countries need to work t___10___ to keep space clean and safe for future exploration. 【答案】1.number 2.tools 3.dangerous 4.Luckily 5.deal 6.collect 7.own 8.orbit 9.Protecting 10.together 【解析】本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍了太空垃圾的成因、危害以及各国的应对措施，呼吁共同保护太空环境。 1. 句意：地球周围漂浮着数百万块太空垃圾，而且这个数字每年还在增长。 解析：定冠词 the 后接名词，结合首字母 n，number 意为 “数量、数字”，对应垃圾数量增长的语境。 2. 句意：旧卫星、火箭残骸，甚至宇航员掉落的工具都是太空垃圾。 解析：even 后接并列的名词复数，结合首字母 t，tools 意为 “工具”，符合太空垃圾的范畴。 3. 句意：哪怕一小块垃圾都可能对航天器和卫星造成危险，因为它撞击的力量极大。 解析：be 动词后接形容词作表语，结合首字母 d，dangerous 意为 “危险的”，对应高速垃圾的危害。 4. 句意：幸运的是，没有发生严重事故。 解析：副词作状语修饰整个句子，结合首字母 L，Luckily 意为 “幸运的是”，对应轻微损伤、无严重事故的语境。 5. 句意：许多国家正在研究处理太空垃圾的方法。 解析：固定搭配 deal with 意为 “处理、应对”，不定式符号 to 后接动词原形，结合首字母 d，填 deal。 6. 句意：一些科学家正在设计特殊机器人，可以收集垃圾并带回地球。 解析：情态动词 can 后接动词原形，结合首字母 c，collect 意为 “收集”，对应清理垃圾的动作。 7. 句意：中国也在做出自己的努力。 解析：固定搭配 make one's own efforts 意为 “做出自己的努力”，结合首字母 o，own 意为 “自己的”。 8. 句意：这颗卫星可以靠近旧卫星，将它们拖出轨道。 解析：介词 out of 后接名词，结合首字母 o，orbit 意为 “轨道”，符合清理太空垃圾的操作。 9. 句意：保护太空环境不只是一个国家的责任。 解析：此处作句子主语，用动名词形式，结合首字母 P，Protecting 意为 “保护”，句首首字母大写。 10. 句意：所有国家需要携手合作，保持太空的洁净与安全，助力未来探索。 解析：固定搭配 work together 意为 “携手合作、共同努力”，结合首字母 t，填 together。 一、七选五 （2025・江苏苏州中考） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Paper money isn’t just for spending — it’s also for learning. Let’s start with China. (1) ________ On the 20 yuan note, there is the Lijiang River in Guilin, with green mountains rising from calm waters. (2) ________ On the 5 yuan note, you’ll find Mount Tai, one of the most famous mountains in China. A large number of poems were written in praise of it. (3) ________ Switzerland’s notes include mountains, rivers, and even wind patterns! Canada’s have snowy landscapes and maple leaves. These days, many people use phones or cards as a way to pay. (4) ________ But paper money still has its value — not only in money, but in meaning. You can hold it, look at it, and learn from it. It can be a tiny museum in your pocket. So next time you hold your paper money, take a second look. (5) ________ A. It’s fast and easy. B. It’s a lesson worth learning. C. Other countries do this too, in their own way. D. It’s so beautiful that artists have painted it for centuries. E. Every note shows famous natural sights of our country. F. Different countries have different kinds of paper money. G. Many people think paper money will disappear one day. 【答案】1.E 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.B 【解析】本文介绍了不同国家纸币上的自然与人文图案，说明纸币兼具支付与文化传播的价值。 1. 解析：前文开启中国纸币的介绍，后文列举了漓江、泰山等自然景观。E 项 “每张纸币都展示了我国著名的自然景观” 总领全段，引出下文的举例，故选 E。 2. 解析：前文介绍了 20 元纸币上的漓江，D 项 “它太美了，几个世纪以来艺术家们都为它作画” 承接漓江的美景，衔接自然，故选 D。 3. 解析：后文介绍了瑞士、加拿大等其他国家纸币上的自然图案。C 项 “其他国家也以自己的方式这样做” 承上启下，从中国过渡到其他国家，故选 C。 4. 解析：前文说现在很多人用手机或银行卡支付，A 项 “这种方式快捷方便” 承接电子支付的优势，与后文 “但纸币仍有价值” 形成转折铺垫，故选 A。 5. 解析：前文呼吁大家下次拿到纸币时多留意，B 项 “这是值得学习的一课” 收尾升华，呼应开头 “纸币也是用来学习的” 的主旨，故选 B。 二、阅读填空 （2025・江苏南京中考） 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。 Few people noticed the value of intangible (非物质的) cultural heritage decades ago, but today, it’s seen as a t____1____ connecting us to history. In China, a____2____ over 1,500 items are listed as national intangible heritage. For better or worse, modern lifestyles have changed the way we experience traditions, and they’re also reshaping cultural inheritance (传承), having a huge impact on our roots. These heritages bring us countless inspirations. They provide jobs for craftsmen (工匠) and help villages attract t____3____. Since the a____4____ of protection is rising, they also benefit young learners: we can now study ancient skills in workshops. This is especially important for teenagers as they might lack chances to touch real-life traditions. Not only do these heritages carry history, but they also offer a wide variety of art forms to appreciate. They have proved to be u____5____ for rural development: villagers near old-style theatres can now earn money by performing traditional operas, spreading culture more easily. However, we must face the challenges of heritage protection. For one thing, they make it harder to preserve (留存) original forms in a fast-changing society. For another, many old craftsmen are leaving us, and their skills may disappear forever. Luckily, more and more young people are starting to learn these skills. We believe that with joint efforts, cultural heritage will live on and shine brighter in the future. 【答案】1.treasure 2.already 3.tourists 4.awareness 5.useful 【解析】本文介绍了非物质文化遗产的价值、作用以及保护面临的挑战，呼吁共同传承文化根脉。 1. 句意：几十年前很少有人注意到非物质文化遗产的价值，但如今，它被视为连接我们与历史的瑰宝。 解析：不定冠词 a 后接可数名词单数，结合首字母 t，treasure 意为 “瑰宝、财富”，契合文化遗产的价值定位。 2. 句意：在中国，已有超过 1500 个项目被列为国家级非物质文化遗产。 解析：结合首字母 a，already 意为 “已经”，用于现在完成时的句子中，符合语境。 3. 句意：它们为工匠提供就业岗位，也帮助乡村吸引游客。 解析：及物动词 attract 后接名词作宾语，结合首字母 t，tourists 意为 “游客”，用复数表泛指，对应乡村旅游的语境。 4. 句意：随着保护意识的提升，年轻学习者也从中受益：我们现在可以在工坊里学习古老技艺。 解析：定冠词 the 后接名词，结合首字母 a，awareness 意为 “意识”，the awareness of protection 表示 “保护意识”。 5. 句意：事实证明，它们对乡村发展很有用：古戏台附近的村民现在可以通过表演传统戏曲赚钱，更轻松地传播文化。 解析：be 动词后接形容词作表语，结合首字母 u，useful 意为 “有用的”，对应后文带来的实际收益。 $