Unit 4 课时2 Reading 1（分层作业）英语新教材译林版九年级下册

Unit 4 Exploring space 课时2 Reading 1 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 ( 词汇 ___________ v. 去取；拿来 ___________ n. 块；街区 ___________ adj. 极冷的；冰冻的 ___________ adj. 震惊的 ___________ adj. 虚弱的；无力的 ___________ n. 外星人 ___________ n. 沙尘暴 句型 1. _________________________ 没有水，我们熬不过 40 小时的夜晚。 2. _________________________ 突然间，我们看到丝丝绿光透过冰层照向我们。 3. _________________________ 我们如此震惊，吓得往后跳。 4. _________________________ 我们意识到随时可能会再有沙尘暴。 ) 一、单词默写 ( 6 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. ________ v. 去取；拿来 2. ________ n. 块；街区 3. ________ adj. 极冷的；冰冻的 4. ________ adj. 震惊的 5. ________ adj. 虚弱的；无力的 6. ________ n. 外星人 7. ________ n. 沙尘暴 二、词组默写 1. 去取水 _______________________ 2. 切割冰块 _______________________ 3. 突然；猛地 _______________________ 4. 恐惧地 _______________________ 5. 渡过难关 _______________________ 6. 意识到 _______________________ 7. 向后跳 _______________________ 三、根据要求完成句子 1. 没有足够的食物，人类无法在这颗星球上长期生存。 Humans cannot survive long on this planet _________________________. 2. 突然，天空中出现了一道奇怪的亮光。 _________________________, a strange bright light appeared in the sky. 3. 听到这个消息我们非常惊讶，说不出话来。 We were _________________________ we couldn’t say a word. 4. 大多数人都知道吸烟有害健康。 Most people _________________________ smoking is bad for health. 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A team of scientists was doing research in the Gobi Desert. One afternoon, a strong sandstorm came. They (1)________ (shock) by the sudden storm and hurried back to their base. Unluckily, their water tank broke on the way. Without enough water, they would not make it through the cold night. An hour later, they arrived at a small lake. The wind was so strong that they could hardly stand. But they had to keep (2)________ (cut) blocks of ice to get water. Half an hour later, they carried the ice back and rushed into the base. They were tired and felt (3)________ (weak), but they were safe. This experience told (4)________ (they) that field research is full of challenges. We should always get prepared (5)________ case of any danger. 二、选词填空 从方框中选择合适的短语，用其适当形式填空（每个短语限用一次） freezing block fetch shocked alien It was a 1. ________ winter morning. The team had to 2. ________ water from a river far away. On the way back, they saw a huge 3. ________ of ice fall off the mountain. They were so 4. ________ that they stopped moving. For a moment, they even wondered if it was caused by some 5. ________ power. 一、完形填空 It was the third month for the Chinese research team on the Antarctic ice. One morning, the workers found that their water filter broke. They had to go to the ice lake nearby to 1 water. The weather was terrible. The temperature was -40℃, and the wind was 2 hard. Dr. Li, the team leader, chose two strong members to go with him. They put on their thick special clothes and 3 the snowmobile. On the way, the wind became even stronger. The snow was so heavy that they could 4 see the road. Half an hour later, they 5 reached the lake. They had to work fast, because they knew a 6 might come at any time. They cut blocks of ice and put them into the box. Just as they were finishing, they heard a low 7 . They looked up and saw a huge wall of snow moving towards them. “Quick! Get on the sled!” Dr. Li cried. They jumped on the snowmobile and drove as fast as they could. The snowstorm chased them all the way back. When they finally got inside the base, they were all 8 with cold. That night, they sat by the warm heater. “That was really 9 ,” one young member said. Dr. Li smiled, “But we 10 it. That’s the meaning of polar exploration — never give up even in danger.” 1. A. carry B. fetch C. drink D. save 2. A. blowing B. falling C. raining D. moving 3. A. got off B. turned on C. got on D. put on 4. A. clearly B. hardly C. slowly D. quickly 5. A. finally B. suddenly C. usually D. really 6. A. snowstorm B. rainstorm C. sandstorm D. fog 7. A. voice B. sound C. song D. message 8. A. warm B. freezing C. comfortable D. active 9. A. boring B. scary C. interesting D. strange 10. A. made B. did C. won D. beat 二、阅读理解 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 For many years, scientists have wondered if there is water on Mars. Recently, new studies have given us a clear answer: there is plenty of water ice just under the surface of Mars. Scientists used special instruments on spacecraft to study the Martian surface. They found that in many places, especially in the middle latitudes, there is thick ice under the soil. In some places, the ice is only 1 to 2 meters below the ground. The ice is very clean, and it can be turned into drinking water easily. This discovery is very important for future human missions to Mars. “If we want to build a base on Mars, we need lots of water,” explained a NASA scientist. “We don’t have to carry all the water from Earth. That will save a lot of money and fuel.” Besides drinking, water can also be split into hydrogen and oxygen. Oxygen is for breathing, and hydrogen can be used as rocket fuel. This means astronauts could make their own fuel on Mars and fly back to Earth, instead of carrying all the fuel with them. However, there are still challenges. The ice is not everywhere. It is mainly in the colder parts of Mars. Also, we need better tools to collect the ice and turn it into usable water. But scientists are confident. “This is a big step forward,” they said. “It makes living on Mars seem much more possible.” 1. What is the new discovery about Mars? A. There is fresh air on Mars. B. There is water ice under its surface. C. Humans can live there right now. D. There are living aliens on Mars. 2. How deep is the ice below the soil in some places? A. 40 meters. B. 10 to 20 meters. C. 1 to 2 meters. D. More than 100 meters. 3. Why is the ice important for future Mars missions? A. It can keep the base warm all the time. B. It provides water and possible rocket fuel. C. It protects astronauts from radiation. D. It can be used to build houses. 4. What does the underlined word “split” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. 混合 B. 分离 C. 冷却 D. 加热 5. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. The ice can be easily used everywhere on Mars. B. Humans have already built bases on Mars. C. There are challenges but the discovery is meaningful. D. Scientists are not sure about the ice on Mars. 三、首字母填空 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。 The deep sea is another unknown world for humans. In recent years, more and more research stations have been b 1 under the sea. Life in a deep-sea station is very special. The workers can’t go outside freely. They have to wear special diving suits if they want to e 2 the station. There is no sunlight hundreds of meters under the water, so the workers never see the sun or the s 3 at night. The most important thing is water supply. Unlike on land, they can’t get fresh water from rivers or lakes. They have to use special machines to t 4 sea water into fresh water. Every drop of water is valuable, just like on a space station. There are also many unexpected dangers. Sometimes a strong undercurrent may come a 5 of a sudden. It can hit the station and cause damage. The workers must always be a 6 of the possible risks. When the workers finish their tasks, they will s 7 back to the surface. It is not a quick trip. They have to rise slowly to get used to the changing pressure. If they rise too fast, their b 8 may get hurt. Deep-sea exploration is full of c 9 , just like space exploration. But scientists believe that the deep sea has a lot to teach us. It can help us better understand our planet and find new r 10 for the future. 一、七选五 （2025・江苏苏州中考） 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Have you ever looked closely at the paper money from different countries? You will see more than numbers and colours. You will discover pictures of rivers, mountains, buildings and famous people. (1)______ They are like small lessons in culture, history and nature. Paper money isn’t just for spending — it’s also for learning. Let’s start with China. (2)______ On the 20 yuan note, there is the Lijiang River in Guilin, with green mountains rising from calm waters. (3)______ On the 5 yuan note, you’ll find Mount Tai, one of the most famous mountains in China. A large number of poems were written in praise of it. (4)______ Switzerland’s notes include mountains, rivers, and even wind patterns! Canada’s have snowy landscapes and maple leaves. These days, many people use phones or cards as a way to pay. (5)______ But paper money still has its value — not only in money, but in meaning. You can hold it, look at it, and learn from it. It can be a tiny museum in your pocket. So next time you hold your paper money, take a second look. A. It’s fast and easy to pay in this way. B. Paper money tells stories of each country. C. Many countries put beautiful nature on their notes. D. Chinese people love to use paper money very much. E. Most Chinese notes show famous natural sights. F. There are also famous buildings on Chinese notes. G. Paper money will disappear completely in the future. 二、阅读理解 （2025・江苏连云港中考） Saturn (土星) is famous for the beautiful rings around it. Now, it’s getting attention for being even more amazing. Scientists have discovered 128 new moons around Saturn, bringing the planet’s total to 274. A moon is any naturally formed object that moves around a planet. Moons come in different shapes and sizes. Scientists discovered the moons with a powerful telescope (望远镜), which is used to study stars and planets in great detail. Scientists took many photos of areas in space and piled them on top of each other to make the moons appear bright enough to discover. Most of Saturn’s new moons are small objects, just one or two miles wide — quite different to Earth’s Moon, which is a 2,159-mile-wide ball. These space rocks are in unusual orbits (轨道) too. They go around Saturn in the opposite direction to its own movement. At between 6.5 million and 18 million miles away from the ringed planet, the newly discovered moons are also further away than Saturn’s biggest moon, Titan. Why does Saturn have so many moons while Earth only has one? According to scientists, several billion years ago, the giant planet’s gravity attracted some rocks and ice. Over time, some of them crashed against each other, breaking into smaller pieces or coming together to create many small moons. 1. What do we know about the new discovery? A. Newly found moons look the same. B. Scientists found new moons by accident. C. Saturn’s rings attract many scientists. D. 128 new moons were found around Saturn. 2. What does “the ringed planet” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. Earth. B. Saturn. C. Moon. D. Titan. 3. What led to the large number of Saturn’s moons? A. The size of the planet. B. The weights of the moons. C. The orbit of the planet. D. The crashes of rocks and ice. 4. How did scientists discover the new moons? A. By using a powerful telescope. B. By sending spacecraft to Saturn. C. By studying Earth’s Moon. D. By watching Saturn’s rings. $ Unit 4 Exploring space 课时2 Reading 1 分层作业 参考答案 核心知识速记 词汇：fetch；block；freezing；shocked；weak；alien；sandstorm 句型： 1.We couldn't make it through the 40-hour night without water. 2.All of a sudden, we saw tiny green lights shining up at us through the ice. 3.We were so shocked that we jumped back in fear. 4.We were aware that there might be another sandstorm at any time. 一、单词默写 1.fetch 2.block 3.freezing 4.shocked 5.weak 6.alien 7.sandstorm 二、词组默写 1.fetch water 2.cut blocks of ice 3.all of a sudden 4.in fear 5.make it through 6.be aware of 7.jump back 三、 根据要求完成句子 1.without enough food 2.All of a sudden 3.so shocked that 4.are aware that 一、语法填空 1.were shocked 2.cutting 3.weak 4.them 5.in 二、选词填空 1.freezing 2.fetch 3.block 4.shocked 5.alien 一、完形填空 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.A 二、阅读理解 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.C 三、首字母填空 1.built 2.exit 3.stars 4.turn 5.all 6.aware 7.swim 8.bodies 9.challenges 10.resources 一、七选五 1.B 2.E 3.F 4.C 5.A 二、阅读理解 1.D 2.B 3.D 4.A ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Unit 4 Exploring space 课时2 Reading 1 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 ( 词汇 fetch v. 去取；拿来 block n. 块；街区 freezing adj. 极冷的；冰冻的 shocked adj. 震惊的 weak adj. 虚弱的；无力的 alien n. 外星人 sandstorm n. 沙尘暴 句型 1. We couldn't make it through the 40-hour night without water. 没有水，我们熬不过 40 小时的夜晚。 2. All of a sudden, we saw tiny green lights shining up at us through the ice. 突然间，我们看到丝丝绿光透过冰层照向我们。 3. We were so shocked that we jumped back in fear. 我们如此震惊，吓得往后跳。 4. We were aware that there might be another sandstorm at any time. 我们意识到随时可能会再有沙尘暴。 ) 一、单词默写 ( 6 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. ________ v. 去取；拿来 2. ________ n. 块；街区 3. ________ adj. 极冷的；冰冻的 4. ________ adj. 震惊的 5. ________ adj. 虚弱的；无力的 6. ________ n. 外星人 7. ________ n. 沙尘暴 【答案】1. fetch 2. block 3. freezing 4. shocked 5. weak 6. alien 7. sandstorm 二、词组默写 1. 去取水 _______________________ 2. 切割冰块 _______________________ 3. 突然；猛地 _______________________ 4. 恐惧地 _______________________ 5. 渡过难关 _______________________ 6. 意识到 _______________________ 7. 向后跳 _______________________ 【答案】 1. fetch water 2. cut blocks of ice 3. all of a sudden 4. in fear 5. make it through 6. be aware of 7. jump back 三、根据要求完成句子 1. 没有足够的食物，人类无法在这颗星球上长期生存。 Humans cannot survive long on this planet _________________________. 【答案】without enough food 【解析】句意：没有足够的食物，人类无法在这颗星球上长期生存。本句考查介词短语 without sth 作条件状语，意为 “没有某物”，相当于 if 引导的条件状语从句的简化形式。 2. 突然，天空中出现了一道奇怪的亮光。 _________________________, a strange bright light appeared in the sky. 【答案】All of a sudden 【解析】句意：突然，天空中出现了一道奇怪的亮光。本句考查固定短语 all of a sudden，意为 “突然，猛地”，在句中作状语，句首首字母需大写。 3. 听到这个消息我们非常惊讶，说不出话来。 We were _________________________ we couldn’t say a word. 【答案】so shocked that 【解析】句意：听到这个消息我们非常惊讶，说不出话来。本句考查 so...that... 结构，意为 “如此…… 以至于……”，so 后接形容词，that 引导结果状语从句。 4. 大多数人都知道吸烟有害健康。 Most people _________________________ smoking is bad for health. 【答案】are aware that 【解析】句意：大多数人都知道吸烟有害健康。本句考查 be aware that 结构，意为 “意识到，知道”，that 引导宾语从句；主语为复数，be 动词用 are。 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A team of scientists was doing research in the Gobi Desert. One afternoon, a strong sandstorm came. They (1)________ (shock) by the sudden storm and hurried back to their base. Unluckily, their water tank broke on the way. Without enough water, they would not make it through the cold night. An hour later, they arrived at a small lake. The wind was so strong that they could hardly stand. But they had to keep (2)________ (cut) blocks of ice to get water. Half an hour later, they carried the ice back and rushed into the base. They were tired and felt (3)________ (weak), but they were safe. This experience told (4)________ (they) that field research is full of challenges. We should always get prepared (5)________ case of any danger. 【答案】1. were shocked 2. cutting 3. weak 4. them 5. in 【解析】本文讲述了一支科学家队伍在戈壁沙漠遭遇沙尘暴、取水自救的经历，考查时态、非谓语动词、形容词、代词与介词的综合运用。 1. 句意：他们被这场突如其来的沙尘暴吓到，匆忙赶回基地。 解析：主语 They 和 shock 是被动关系，且事情发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，故填 were shocked。 2. 句意：但他们必须继续切割冰块来获取水源。 解析：固定搭配 keep doing sth 意为 “继续做某事”，cut 的动名词形式为 cutting。 3. 句意：他们疲惫不堪，身体虚弱，但安全了。 解析：feel 是系动词，后接形容词作表语，weak 意为 “虚弱的”，符合语境。 4. 句意：这次经历告诉他们，野外考察充满了挑战。 解析：动词 told 后接人称代词宾格作宾语，they 的宾格形式为 them。 5. 句意：我们应该时刻做好准备，以防任何危险。 解析：固定短语 in case of 意为 “以防，万一”，后接名词短语，故填介词 in。 二、选词填空 从方框中选择合适的短语，用其适当形式填空（每个短语限用一次） freezing block fetch shocked alien It was a 1. ________ winter morning. The team had to 2. ________ water from a river far away. On the way back, they saw a huge 3. ________ of ice fall off the mountain. They were so 4. ________ that they stopped moving. For a moment, they even wondered if it was caused by some 5. ________ power. 【答案】1. freezing 2. fetch 3. block 4. shocked 5. alien 【解析】本文描述了寒冬清晨队伍外出取水的经历，以及看到冰块坠落时的反应，考查核心词汇在语境中的灵活运用。 1. 句意：那是一个寒冷刺骨的冬日清晨。 解析：修饰名词 winter morning 用形容词，freezing 意为 “极冷的，冰冻的”，契合冬日的寒冷语境。 2. 句意：队伍不得不去很远的河边取水。 解析：have to 后接动词原形，fetch 意为 “去取，拿来”，对应从河边取水往返的动作。 3. 句意：返程路上，他们看到一大块冰从山上掉了下来。 解析：a huge block of ice 是固定表达，意为 “一大块冰”，block 意为 “块”。 4. 句意：他们大为震惊，停下了脚步。 解析：be 动词后接形容词作表语，shocked 意为 “震惊的”，形容人的感受。 5. 句意：有那么一瞬间，他们甚至怀疑这是不是某种外星力量造成的。 解析：修饰名词 power 用形容词，alien 意为 “外星的，陌生的”，符合突发意外时的猜测语境。 一、完形填空 It was the third month for the Chinese research team on the Antarctic ice. One morning, the workers found that their water filter broke. They had to go to the ice lake nearby to 1 water. The weather was terrible. The temperature was -40℃, and the wind was 2 hard. Dr. Li, the team leader, chose two strong members to go with him. They put on their thick special clothes and 3 the snowmobile. On the way, the wind became even stronger. The snow was so heavy that they could 4 see the road. Half an hour later, they 5 reached the lake. They had to work fast, because they knew a 6 might come at any time. They cut blocks of ice and put them into the box. Just as they were finishing, they heard a low 7 . They looked up and saw a huge wall of snow moving towards them. “Quick! Get on the sled!” Dr. Li cried. They jumped on the snowmobile and drove as fast as they could. The snowstorm chased them all the way back. When they finally got inside the base, they were all 8 with cold. That night, they sat by the warm heater. “That was really 9 ,” one young member said. Dr. Li smiled, “But we 10 it. That’s the meaning of polar exploration — never give up even in danger.” 1. A. carry B. fetch C. drink D. save 2. A. blowing B. falling C. raining D. moving 3. A. got off B. turned on C. got on D. put on 4. A. clearly B. hardly C. slowly D. quickly 5. A. finally B. suddenly C. usually D. really 6. A. snowstorm B. rainstorm C. sandstorm D. fog 7. A. voice B. sound C. song D. message 8. A. warm B. freezing C. comfortable D. active 9. A. boring B. scary C. interesting D. strange 10. A. made B. did C. won D. beat 【答案】1.B 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.A 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了南极科考队外出取水时遭遇暴风雪、惊险返回基地的故事，体现了极地探索的艰险与科研人员永不放弃的精神。 1. 句意：他们不得不去附近的冰湖取水。 解析：结合前文净水器坏了，需要去湖边取水，fetch 意为 “去取（并带回）”，强调往返动作；carry 搬运，drink 喝，save 拯救，均不符合语境，故选 B。 2. 句意：气温零下 40 摄氏度，风刮得很猛。 解析：形容风大用 blow，此处为过去进行时，blowing 符合搭配；fall 落下，rain 下雨，move 移动，均不能形容风，故选 A。 3. 句意：他们穿上厚实的特制服装，登上了雪地摩托。 解析：get on 意为 “登上（交通工具）”，对应雪地摩托；get off 下车，turn on 打开（电器），put on 穿上（衣服），均不符合，故选 C。 4. 句意：雪太大了，他们几乎看不见路。 解析：雪大导致视线受阻，hardly 意为 “几乎不”，表否定；clearly 清晰地，slowly 缓慢地，quickly 快速地，均不符合语境，故选 B。 5. 句意：半小时后，他们终于到达了湖边。 解析：一路艰难前行最终抵达，finally 意为 “最终，终于”，体现过程的不易；suddenly 突然，usually 通常，really 真的，均不符合，故选 A。 6. 句意：他们必须加快速度，因为暴风雪随时可能来袭。 解析：南极的灾害是暴风雪，snowstorm 意为 “暴风雪”；rainstorm 暴雨，sandstorm 沙尘暴，fog 雾，均不符合南极环境，故选 A。 7. 句意：就在他们快要完工时，听到了一阵低沉的声响。 解析：sound 泛指一切声音，此处指暴风雪来临的声音；voice 嗓音，song 歌曲，message 信息，均不符合，故选 B。 8. 句意：当他们终于回到基地里时，全都冻僵了。 解析：极端低温下回到室内，身体应该是冻僵的，freezing 意为 “极冷的，冻僵的”；warm 温暖的，comfortable 舒适的，active 活跃的，均不符合，故选 B。 9. 句意：“刚才真吓人，” 一名年轻队员说。 解析：遭遇暴风雪死里逃生，感受是可怕的，scary 意为 “吓人的，可怕的”；boring 无聊的，interesting 有趣的，strange 奇怪的，均不符合，故选 B。 10. 句意：但我们成功了。这就是极地探索的意义 —— 身处险境也绝不放弃。 解析：make it 是固定短语，意为 “成功，渡过难关”；do 做，win 赢得（比赛），beat 打败，均不符合固定搭配，故选 A。 二、阅读理解 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 For many years, scientists have wondered if there is water on Mars. Recently, new studies have given us a clear answer: there is plenty of water ice just under the surface of Mars. Scientists used special instruments on spacecraft to study the Martian surface. They found that in many places, especially in the middle latitudes, there is thick ice under the soil. In some places, the ice is only 1 to 2 meters below the ground. The ice is very clean, and it can be turned into drinking water easily. This discovery is very important for future human missions to Mars. “If we want to build a base on Mars, we need lots of water,” explained a NASA scientist. “We don’t have to carry all the water from Earth. That will save a lot of money and fuel.” Besides drinking, water can also be split into hydrogen and oxygen. Oxygen is for breathing, and hydrogen can be used as rocket fuel. This means astronauts could make their own fuel on Mars and fly back to Earth, instead of carrying all the fuel with them. However, there are still challenges. The ice is not everywhere. It is mainly in the colder parts of Mars. Also, we need better tools to collect the ice and turn it into usable water. But scientists are confident. “This is a big step forward,” they said. “It makes living on Mars seem much more possible.” 1. What is the new discovery about Mars? A. There is fresh air on Mars. B. There is water ice under its surface. C. Humans can live there right now. D. There are living aliens on Mars. 2. How deep is the ice below the soil in some places? A. 40 meters. B. 10 to 20 meters. C. 1 to 2 meters. D. More than 100 meters. 3. Why is the ice important for future Mars missions? A. It can keep the base warm all the time. B. It provides water and possible rocket fuel. C. It protects astronauts from radiation. D. It can be used to build houses. 4. What does the underlined word “split” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. 混合 B. 分离 C. 冷却 D. 加热 5. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. The ice can be easily used everywhere on Mars. B. Humans have already built bases on Mars. C. There are challenges but the discovery is meaningful. D. Scientists are not sure about the ice on Mars. 【答案】1.B 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.C 【解析】本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍了火星地表下存在大量水冰的新发现，说明了这一发现对未来火星探测和人类移居的重要意义，同时也指出了现存的挑战。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段 “Recently, new studies have given us a clear answer: there is plenty of water ice just under the surface of Mars.”，可知关于火星的新发现是其地表下存在大量水冰，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段 “In some places, the ice is only 1 to 2 meters below the ground.”，可知部分区域冰层仅在地下 1 到 2 米处，故选 C。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三四段可知，冰层可以转化为饮用水，还能分解出氢气用作火箭燃料，因此它能提供水源和潜在的火箭燃料，故选 B。 4. 词义猜测题。根据后文 “into hydrogen and oxygen”，水变成氢气和氧气是分解、分离的过程，split 意为 “分离，分解”，故选 B。 5. 推理判断题。根据最后一段 “However, there are still challenges... But scientists are confident. 'This is a big step forward'”，可知尽管存在挑战，但这项发现意义重大，是巨大的进步，故选 C。 三、首字母填空 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。 The deep sea is another unknown world for humans. In recent years, more and more research stations have been b 1 under the sea. Life in a deep-sea station is very special. The workers can’t go outside freely. They have to wear special diving suits if they want to e 2 the station. There is no sunlight hundreds of meters under the water, so the workers never see the sun or the s 3 at night. The most important thing is water supply. Unlike on land, they can’t get fresh water from rivers or lakes. They have to use special machines to t 4 sea water into fresh water. Every drop of water is valuable, just like on a space station. There are also many unexpected dangers. Sometimes a strong undercurrent may come a 5 of a sudden. It can hit the station and cause damage. The workers must always be a 6 of the possible risks. When the workers finish their tasks, they will s 7 back to the surface. It is not a quick trip. They have to rise slowly to get used to the changing pressure. If they rise too fast, their b 8 may get hurt. Deep-sea exploration is full of c 9 , just like space exploration. But scientists believe that the deep sea has a lot to teach us. It can help us better understand our planet and find new r 10 for the future. 【答案】1.built 2.exit 3.stars 4.turn 5.all 6.aware 7.swim 8.bodies 9.challenges 10.resources 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了深海科考站的生活特点、面临的危险与探索价值，将深海探索与太空探索类比，点明其对地球认知和未来资源开发的意义。 1. 句意：近年来，越来越多的科考站被建在海底。 解析：本句为被动语态 be + 过去分词，结合首字母 b，built 意为 “建造”，符合科考站被修建的语境。 2. 句意：如果他们想要离开站点，必须穿上特制的潜水服。 解析：不定式符号 to 后接动词原形，结合首字母 e，exit 意为 “离开，走出”，对应从站点出去的动作。 3. 句意：水下几百米没有阳光，所以工作人员夜晚既看不到太阳，也看不到星星。 解析：and 连接并列的名词，结合首字母 s，stars 意为 “星星”，对应夜晚的天空景象。 4. 句意：他们必须用特殊机器把海水转化为淡水。 解析：不定式符号 to 后接动词原形，固定搭配 turn...into... 意为 “把…… 转化为……”，结合首字母 t，填 turn。 5. 句意：有时强劲的暗流会突然袭来。 解析：固定短语 all of a sudden 意为 “突然”，结合首字母 a，填 all。 6. 句意：工作人员必须时刻意识到潜在的风险。 解析：固定搭配 be aware of 意为 “意识到”，结合首字母 a，填 aware。 7. 句意：当工作人员完成任务后，他们会游回海面。 解析：will 后接动词原形，结合首字母 s，swim 意为 “游泳”，符合水下返回的动作。 8. 句意：如果上升太快，他们的身体可能会受伤。 解析：形容词性物主代词 their 后接名词复数，结合首字母 b，bodies 意为 “身体”，符合语境。 9. 句意：深海探索和太空探索一样，充满了挑战。 解析：be full of 后接名词复数，结合首字母 c，challenges 意为 “挑战”，对应后文的类比。 10. 句意：它能帮助我们更好地了解地球，为未来找到新的资源。 解析：形容词 new 后接名词，结合首字母 r，resources 意为 “资源”，用复数表泛指，符合深海探索的价值。 一、七选五 （2025・江苏苏州中考） 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Have you ever looked closely at the paper money from different countries? You will see more than numbers and colours. You will discover pictures of rivers, mountains, buildings and famous people. (1)______ They are like small lessons in culture, history and nature. Paper money isn’t just for spending — it’s also for learning. Let’s start with China. (2)______ On the 20 yuan note, there is the Lijiang River in Guilin, with green mountains rising from calm waters. (3)______ On the 5 yuan note, you’ll find Mount Tai, one of the most famous mountains in China. A large number of poems were written in praise of it. (4)______ Switzerland’s notes include mountains, rivers, and even wind patterns! Canada’s have snowy landscapes and maple leaves. These days, many people use phones or cards as a way to pay. (5)______ But paper money still has its value — not only in money, but in meaning. You can hold it, look at it, and learn from it. It can be a tiny museum in your pocket. So next time you hold your paper money, take a second look. A. It’s fast and easy to pay in this way. B. Paper money tells stories of each country. C. Many countries put beautiful nature on their notes. D. Chinese people love to use paper money very much. E. Most Chinese notes show famous natural sights. F. There are also famous buildings on Chinese notes. G. Paper money will disappear completely in the future. 【答案】1.B 2.E 3.F 4.C 5.A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了不同国家纸币上的自然与人文图案，说明纸币不仅是支付工具，更是承载文化历史的微型载体。 1. 解析：前文提到纸币上有山水、建筑、人物等图案，后文说它们像是文化历史自然的小课堂。B 项 “纸币讲述着每个国家的故事” 承上启下，衔接图案与文化内涵，故选 B。 2. 解析：本段开始介绍中国纸币，后文列举了漓江、泰山等自然景观。E 项 “大多数中国纸币都展示了著名的自然景观” 总领全段，引出下文的举例，故选 E。 3. 解析：前文介绍了 20 元的漓江，后文介绍了 5 元的泰山，都是自然景观。F 项 “中国纸币上也有著名的建筑” 补充了纸币上的另一类图案，形成并列，故选 F。 4. 解析：后文介绍了瑞士、加拿大纸币上的自然图案。C 项 “许多国家都把美丽的自然风景印在纸币上” 总领全段，引出其他国家的情况，故选 C。 5. 解析：前文说现在很多人用手机或银行卡支付，后文转折说纸币仍有价值。A 项 “这种支付方式快捷方便” 承接前文的电子支付，说明其优势，形成转折铺垫，故选 A。 二、阅读理解 （2025・江苏连云港中考） Saturn (土星) is famous for the beautiful rings around it. Now, it’s getting attention for being even more amazing. Scientists have discovered 128 new moons around Saturn, bringing the planet’s total to 274. A moon is any naturally formed object that moves around a planet. Moons come in different shapes and sizes. Scientists discovered the moons with a powerful telescope (望远镜), which is used to study stars and planets in great detail. Scientists took many photos of areas in space and piled them on top of each other to make the moons appear bright enough to discover. Most of Saturn’s new moons are small objects, just one or two miles wide — quite different to Earth’s Moon, which is a 2,159-mile-wide ball. These space rocks are in unusual orbits (轨道) too. They go around Saturn in the opposite direction to its own movement. At between 6.5 million and 18 million miles away from the ringed planet, the newly discovered moons are also further away than Saturn’s biggest moon, Titan. Why does Saturn have so many moons while Earth only has one? According to scientists, several billion years ago, the giant planet’s gravity attracted some rocks and ice. Over time, some of them crashed against each other, breaking into smaller pieces or coming together to create many small moons. 1. What do we know about the new discovery? A. Newly found moons look the same. B. Scientists found new moons by accident. C. Saturn’s rings attract many scientists. D. 128 new moons were found around Saturn. 2. What does “the ringed planet” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. Earth. B. Saturn. C. Moon. D. Titan. 3. What led to the large number of Saturn’s moons? A. The size of the planet. B. The weights of the moons. C. The orbit of the planet. D. The crashes of rocks and ice. 4. How did scientists discover the new moons? A. By using a powerful telescope. B. By sending spacecraft to Saturn. C. By studying Earth’s Moon. D. By watching Saturn’s rings. 【答案】1.D 2.B 3.D 4.A 【解析】本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍了科学家新发现土星的 128 颗卫星，说明了这些卫星的特点、发现方式以及土星卫星众多的原因。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段 “Scientists have discovered 128 new moons around Saturn”，可知新发现是土星周围发现了 128 颗新卫星，故选 D。 2. 词义猜测题。第三段前文都在介绍土星的卫星，“the ringed planet” 指代前文提到的土星，土星以光环闻名，故选 B。 3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段 “Over time, some of them crashed against each other, breaking into smaller pieces or coming together to create many small moons.”，可知岩石和冰块的碰撞形成了土星众多的小卫星，故选 D。 4. 细节理解题。根据第二段 “Scientists discovered the moons with a powerful telescope”，可知科学家是借助高倍望远镜发现这些新卫星的，故选 A。 $