Unit 2 The road to success（知识清单）英语新教材外研版九年级下册

Unit 2 The road to success 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 一、成功与目标（成功、成就、梦想） success (成功) FAST is a great success in China's space exploration.（天眼是中国太空探索中的一项伟大成就。） achieve (实现) Nan Rendong worked for years to achieve his dream.（南仁东为实现梦想奋斗了22年。） goal (目标) He set a goal of building the largest radio telescope.（他定下建造最大射电望远镜的目标。） dream (梦想) It meant so much to him to see his dream come true.（看到梦想成真对他意义重大。） 二、品质与努力（品质、坚持、努力） quality (品质) Hard work is an important quality for success.（勤奋是成功的重要品质。） challenge (挑战) The first challenge was where to put the telescope.（第一个挑战是把望远镜安放在哪里。） skilled (熟练的) She was so skilled at doing calculations.（她做计算非常熟练。） effort (努力) It takes great effort to realise one's dream.（实现梦想需要付出巨大努力。） 三、困难与失败（失败、逆境、乐观） failure (失败) Failure does not always bring success, but it can always help you grow.（失败不一定带来成功，但它总能助你成长。） unlucky (不幸的) Some might consider Emmons one of the unluckiest athletes.（有人可能认为埃蒙斯是历史上最不幸的运动员之一。） winner (获胜者) He is a winner at what really counts — life.（在真正重要的东西——生活上，他是赢家。） positive (积极的) He always looks at life on the bright side.（他总是看到生活积极的一面。） 四、其他重点词汇 attend (出席) He attended an international meeting on radio science in 1993.（1993年他出席了一场射电科学国际会议。） operation (运行，运转) FAST was first put into operation on 25 September 2016.（天眼于2016年9月25日首次投入运行。） publish (出版) In 2009, she published her own book.（2009年，她出版了自己的书。） accurate (准确的) Her calculations were considered more accurate than computers'.（她的计算被认为比计算机的还准确。） equally (同样地) It is equally important to accept failures.（接受失败同样重要。） 短 语 一、动词短语 put into operation (投入使用) FAST was put into operation in 2016.（天眼于2016年投入使用。） give up (放弃) Nan led the team forward, never giving up.（南仁东带领团队前进，从不放弃。） depend on (依靠，依赖) NASA had to depend on Johnson's calculations.（美国航空航天局不得不依靠约翰逊的计算。） come true (实现) It meant so much to him to see his dream come true.（看到梦想实现，对他意义重大。） take ... as ... (把……当作) He took cancer as a chance to spend time with his family.（他把癌症当作与家人共度时光的机会。） set one's eyes on (把目光投向) For 22 years, Nan set his eyes on space.（22年来，南仁东把目光投向太空。） waste no time (in) doing (抓紧时间做) He wasted no time in packing his bags to return to China.（他抓紧时间收拾行囊回到中国。） 二、介词短语 in the front line (在第一线) Even in his final days, he still fought in the front line.（即使到了生命最后的日子，他仍奋战在第一线。） later in life (晚年) Some people find success later in life.（有些人在晚年才获得成功。） at ease (从容，自在) Johnson took all these at ease.（约翰逊从容地面对这一切。） halfway through (……进行到一半) He rushed to solve problems, even when he was halfway through a meal.（即使吃饭吃到一半，他也会赶去解决问题。） 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 一、谈论成功与品质 Success can mean very different things to different people.（成功对不同的人有着不同的含义。） What qualities do we need to be successful?（我们需要什么品质才能成功？） Do you agree with the definition of success?（你同意这个关于成功的定义吗？） 二、描述成功人物与经历 It all started when he attended an international meeting.（一切都始于他参加一场国际会议。） For 22 years, he set his eyes on space.（22年来，他把目光投向太空。） He is famous for building the largest radio telescope in the world.（他因建造世界上最大的射电望远镜而闻名。） 三、评价成功与失败 It's never too late to start.（开始永远不嫌晚。） Failure does not always bring success, but it can always help you grow.（失败不一定带来成功，但它总能帮你成长。） “Success” and “win” don't mean the same thing.（“成功”和“赢”并不是同一回事。） 语法 1. 被动语态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、情态动词的被动语态）（中考高频考点） 2. 主动语态变被动语态“三步法”；被动语态与系表结构的区别 写作 任务① 记叙文：讲述一次面对失败（或追求成功）的亲身经历 任务② 说明文/应用文：制作一份介绍成功人物或团队的“事实档案”（fact file） 一、知识点精讲 1. success /səkˈses/ n. 成功 【句型】achieve success 取得成功；be a great success 获得巨大成功 FAST is a great success in China's space exploration. 天眼是中国太空探索中的一项伟大成就。 【词形变换】succeed v. 成功；successful adj. 成功的；successfully adv. 成功地 【辨析】success 指“成功、成就”（名词）；win 强调比赛或竞争中的“赢、获胜”。 Success is so much more than that. 成功的含义远不止于此。 He won the gold medal. 他赢得了金牌。 2. challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ n. 挑战 v. 向……挑战 【句型】face / meet a challenge 面对挑战；the challenge of (doing) sth. ……的挑战 The first challenge was where to put the telescope. 第一个挑战是把望远镜安放在哪里。 【词形变换】challenging adj. 具有挑战性的 【辨析】challenge 既可作名词也可作动词；challenge sb. to do sth. 挑战某人做某事。 3. quality /ˈkwɒləti/ n. 品质；质量 【句型】an important quality 一种重要的品质 Hard work is an important quality for success. 勤奋是成功的重要品质。 【辨析】quality 指“品质、质量”；quantity 指“数量”，注意区分。 【拓展】the qualities of a successful person 成功者具备的品质 4. failure /ˈfeɪljə(r)/ n. 失败；失败的人（或事） 【句型】learn lessons from failures 从失败中吸取教训 Failure does not always bring success, but it can always help you grow. 失败不一定带来成功，但它总能助你成长。 【词形变换】fail v. 失败；fail to do sth. 未能做某事 【辨析】failure 可作不可数名词表示“失败”，也可作可数名词表示“失败的人/事”，如 He is a failure. 5. accurate /ˈækjərət/ adj. 准确的，精确的 【句型】be accurate in ... 在……方面准确 Her calculations were considered more accurate than the ones produced by computers. 她的计算被认为比计算机算出来的还准确。 【词形变换】accuracy n. 准确，精确；accurately adv. 准确地 6. depend on sb / sth 依靠，依赖 【句型】depend on sb. to do sth.；depend on sth. NASA had to depend on Johnson's calculations. 美国航空航天局不得不依靠约翰逊的计算。 【拓展】depend on 还可表示“取决于”，如 It depends on the weather. 这取决于天气。 二、核心语法精讲 被动语态（The Passive Voice） 1. 基本构成：be + 及物动词的过去分词 2. 用法：强调动作的承受者；不知道或不必说出执行者时用被动语态，需要时用 by 短语引出执行者。 3. 各时态的被动语态： 时态 主动结构 被动结构 单元课文例句 一般现在时 do / does am / is / are + 过去分词 FAST is used to explore space. 一般过去时 did was / were + 过去分词 FAST was first put into operation in 2016. 一般将来时 will do will be + 过去分词 The results will be announced soon. 现在完成时 have / has done have / has been + 过去分词 Her work has been recognised. 情态动词 can / must do can / must be + 过去分词 The problem can be solved. 4. 主动语态变被动语态“三步法”： ① 把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语； ② 把谓语动词变为“be + 过去分词”，be 的时态与原句保持一致； ③ 把原主语变为 by 短语（动作执行者不重要时可省略）。 例句：Nan led the team. → The team was led by Nan. 5. 特殊情况：使役动词、感官动词（make / see / hear 等）在被动语态中要还原 to。 They made him work. → He was made to work.（他被要求工作。） 6. 被动语态与系表结构的区别：“be + 过去分词”表示动作时是被动语态；表示状态时是系表结构。 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 单元主题：人与社会——成功之路与坚持的意义。两个写作任务同源：都围绕“理解成功的含义、面对失败、从努力中获得成长”展开。任务①：记叙文（写自己或他人的经历）；任务②：说明文/应用文（fact file 介绍成功人物或团队）。 2. 写作框架 开头：点明人物（团队）的成就，或引出“成功与失败”的话题； 主体段 1：交代成功者（团队）的经历与付出的努力（或描述失败的经过与感受）； 主体段 2：写出从中体现的品质或学到的教训； 结尾：评价其成功（或失败的收获），升华主题——成功的含义不止于“赢”。 3. 写作素材 开头句 There are many successful people around us, and their stories inspire us.（我们身边有很多成功的人，他们的故事激励着我们。） Success can mean very different things to different people.（成功对不同的人有着不同的含义。） 原因 / 经历句 It all started when Nan Rendong attended an international meeting in 1993.（一切始于南仁东1993年参加一场国际会议。） He wasted no time in packing his bags to return to China.（他抓紧时间收拾行囊回到中国。） 奋斗 / 品质句 He spent 22 years on the project and never gave up.（他在这项工程上花了22年，从未放弃。） It takes great effort to realise one's dream.（实现梦想需要付出巨大努力。） 结尾升华句 It's never too late to start.（开始永远不嫌晚。） Failure does not always bring success, but it can always help you grow.（失败不一定带来成功，但它总能帮你成长。） We can learn from the person that success is so much more than winning.（我们可以从这个人物身上学到，成功的含义远不止于获胜。） 4. 范文背诵 范文一（任务① 记叙文：一次面对失败的经历） Last term, I took part in a maths competition. I had prepared for months, but I still failed to get a prize. At that moment, I felt very sad and wanted to give up. However, my teacher told me that failure is not the end. I decided to learn lessons from it. I began to go over my mistakes and tried harder next time. I also learnt to accept the result and keep a positive attitude. Now I know that failure does not always bring success, but it can always help me grow. When I have tried my best, I will just smile and enjoy the journey. 范文二（任务② 说明文：成功人物 / 团队事实档案） A fact file about Nan Rendong and FAST Nan Rendong was the chief scientist and chief engineer of FAST, or the Sky Eye. He was famous for building the largest radio telescope in the world. It all started when he attended an international meeting in 1993. He was shocked to find China had no say. He wasted no time in returning to China and led his team through many difficulties. For 22 years, he set his eyes on space. Sadly, he was seriously ill with cancer at the final stage, but he still fought in the front line. FAST was first put into operation in 2016. Nan showed us that qualities like hard work and never giving up are the key to success. It's never too late to start, and it takes great effort to realise one's dream. 易错点 01 success 的词性混用（success / succeed / successful） 【助记口诀】名词 success，动词 succeed，形容词 successful 【错因辨析】success 是名词，不能直接作谓语；表示“成功做某事”用 succeed in doing sth.。 ❌ He successed in the competition. ✅ He succeeded in the competition. 【对点训练】 1. Hard work leads to ______ (successful). 2. She finally ______ (success) in passing the exam. 3. He is a ______ (success) businessman. 易错点 02 被动语态漏掉 be 动词或错用动词形式 【助记口诀】被动语态两件套，be 加过去分词不能少 【错因辨析】被动语态的结构是“be + 过去分词”，只写过去分词或用动词原形都是错的；be 的时态要与句子保持一致。 ❌ The telescope put into operation in 2016. ✅ The telescope was put into operation in 2016. 【对点训练】 1. FAST ______ (put) into operation on 25 September 2016. 2. These problems ______ (solve) by his knowledge last year. 3. English ______ (speak) all over the world. 易错点 03 主动语态与被动语态混淆 【助记口诀】主语做事用主动，主语受事用被动 【错因辨析】先判断主语与动词的关系：主语发出动作用主动语态，主语承受动作用被动语态。 ❌ Nan Rendong was led his team through many difficulties. ✅ Nan Rendong led his team through many difficulties. 【对点训练】 1. Nan Rendong ______ (lead) his team through many difficulties. 2. He ______ (consider) one of the unluckiest athletes in history. 3. Johnson's calculations ______ (consider) more accurate than computers'. 易错点 04 一般过去时被动语态的主谓一致错误 【助记口诀】was 配单数，were 配复数 【错因辨析】一般过去时的被动语态是 was / were + 过去分词，was / were 要与被动句的新主语（即原宾语）在数上保持一致。 ❌ The places was reviewed by Nan and his team. ✅ The places were reviewed by Nan and his team. 【对点训练】 1. The largest radio telescope ______ (build) in Guizhou Province. 2. Many places ______ (review) by Nan and his team. 3. The Sky Eye ______ (put) into operation in 2016. 易错点 05 情态动词的被动语态误用 【助记口诀】情态动词后接 be，再接过去分词 【错因辨析】含情态动词的被动语态结构为“情态动词 + be + 过去分词”，不能写成“情态动词 + 过去分词”。 ❌ The problem must solved at once. ✅ The problem must be solved at once. 【对点训练】 1. The plan should ______ (carry) out at once. 2. Trees can ______ (plant) in spring. 3. The letter must ______ (send) today. 易错点 06 固定短语的介词与动名词搭配错误 【助记口诀】give up 后接动名词，depend on 后接名词，aim at 后接动名词 【错因辨析】give up doing sth. 放弃做某事；depend on sb. / sth. 依靠、依赖；aim at doing sth. 力争做某事。 ❌ He never gave up to study. ✅ He never gave up studying. 【对点训练】 1. Nan never gave up ______ (solve) the technological problems. 2. NASA had to depend ______ Johnson's calculations. 3. He aimed once more ______ being an Olympic champion. 一、单项选择 1. FAST, or the Sky Eye, ______ into operation on 25 September 2016. A. put B. was put C. puts 2. Nan Rendong was greatly ______ when he found China had no say. A. shock B. shocking C. shocked 3. The first ______ was where to put the telescope. A. champion B. challenge C. character 4. Hard work is one of the most important ______ of successful people. A. qualities B. quantities C. choices 5. He didn't win all the medals, but he is a ______ at what really counts — life. A. loser B. winner C. failure 6. It is ______ important to accept failures. A. equal B. equally C. equality 7. In 2009, Grandma van Gogh ______ her own book. A. published B. was published C. publishes 8. Johnson's calculations ______ more accurate than the ones produced by computers. A. considered B. were considered C. was considered 9. —Who was FAST built by? —It ______ by Nan Rendong and his team. A. was lead B. was led C. led 10. “Success” and “win” ______ the same thing. A. don't mean B. aren't meant C. doesn't mean 二、词汇运用 用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1. Nan Rendong is a great ______ (science) in China. 2. FAST is a great ______ (succeed) in China's space exploration. 3. Her calculations were very ______ (accuracy). 4. In 2009, she ______ (publish) her own book. 5. We should learn lessons from our ______ (fail). 三、句型转换 1. Nan led his team through many difficulties.（改为被动语态） His team ______ ______ through many difficulties by Nan. 2. FAST was put into operation in 2016.（改为一般疑问句） ______ FAST ______ into operation in 2016? 3. He spent over 22 years on the project.（同义句转换，用 It takes ...） It ______ him over 22 years ______ ______ on the project. 四、补全对话 A. Do you know who built it? B. He worked on it for 22 years. C. His story tells us that hard work and never giving up are the key to success. D. It was put into operation in 2016. E. You're right. A: Hi, Peter. Do you know the FAST telescope? B: Yes. It is also called the Sky Eye. 19.______ A: 20.______ He was the chief scientist of FAST. B: Really? How long did he work on it? A: 21.______ B: That's amazing! What lesson can we learn from him? A: 22.______ B: I agree. Nothing is impossible if we never give up. A: 23.______ Let's work hard for our dreams. B: Good idea! 五、短文填空 Grandma van Gogh's real name was Chang Xiufeng. She was born in 1936 in Henan Province and worked as a farmer during her life. She started 1.______ (paint) at about the age of 70. Her son posted some of her 2.______ (painting) on his blog, and people liked 3.______ (they) very much. In 2006, she appeared on a TV interview, and in 2009, she 4.______ (publish) her own book. Her story shows that it is never too late to start. Success can be 5.______ (achieve) at any age if you keep 6.______ (try). When we fail, we should not give 7.______. Instead, we can learn lessons 8.______ our failures, because they can always help us 9.______ (grow). Remember, “success” and “win” don't mean 10.______ same thing. 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 The road to success 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 一、成功与目标（成功、成就、梦想） success (成功) FAST is a great success in China's space exploration.（天眼是中国太空探索中的一项伟大成就。） achieve (实现) Nan Rendong worked for 22 years to achieve his dream.（南仁东为实现梦想奋斗了22年。） goal (目标) He set a goal of building the largest radio telescope.（他定下建造最大射电望远镜的目标。） dream (梦想) It meant so much to him to see his dream come true.（看到梦想成真对他意义重大。） 二、品质与努力（品质、坚持、努力） quality (品质) Hard work is an important quality for success.（勤奋是成功的重要品质。） challenge (挑战) The first challenge was where to put the telescope.（第一个挑战是把望远镜安放在哪里。） skilled (熟练的) She was so skilled at doing calculations.（她做计算非常熟练。） effort (努力) It takes great effort to realise one's dream.（实现梦想需要付出巨大努力。） 三、困难与失败（失败、逆境、乐观） failure (失败) Failure does not always bring success, but it can always help you grow.（失败不一定带来成功，但它总能助你成长。） unlucky (不幸的) Some might consider Emmons one of the unluckiest athletes.（有人可能认为埃蒙斯是历史上最不幸的运动员之一。） winner (获胜者) He is a winner at what really counts — life.（在真正重要的东西——生活上，他是赢家。） positive (积极的) He always looks at life on the bright side.（他总是看到生活积极的一面。） 四、其他重点词汇 attend (出席) He attended an international meeting on radio science in 1993.（1993年他出席了一场射电科学国际会议。） operation (运行，运转) FAST was first put into operation on 25 September 2016.（天眼于2016年9月25日首次投入运行。） publish (出版) In 2009, she published her own book.（2009年，她出版了自己的书。） accurate (准确的) Her calculations were considered more accurate than computers'.（她的计算被认为比计算机的还准确。） equally (同样地) It is equally important to accept failures.（接受失败同样重要。） 短 语 一、动词短语 put into operation (投入使用) FAST was put into operation in 2016.（天眼于2016年投入使用。） give up (放弃) Nan led the team forward, never giving up.（南仁东带领团队前进，从不放弃。） depend on (依靠，依赖) NASA had to depend on Johnson's calculations.（美国航空航天局不得不依靠约翰逊的计算。） come true (实现) It meant so much to him to see his dream come true.（看到梦想实现，对他意义重大。） take ... as ... (把……当作) He took cancer as a chance to spend time with his family.（他把癌症当作与家人共度时光的机会。） set one's eyes on (把目光投向) For 22 years, Nan set his eyes on space.（22年来，南仁东把目光投向太空。） waste no time (in) doing (抓紧时间做) He wasted no time in packing his bags to return to China.（他抓紧时间收拾行囊回到中国。） 二、介词短语 in the front line (在第一线) Even in his final days, he still fought in the front line.（即使到了生命最后的日子，他仍奋战在第一线。） later in life (晚年) Some people find success later in life.（有些人在晚年才获得成功。） at ease (从容，自在) Johnson took all these at ease.（约翰逊从容地面对这一切。） halfway through (……进行到一半) He rushed to solve problems, even when he was halfway through a meal.（即使吃饭吃到一半，他也会赶去解决问题。） 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 一、谈论成功与品质 Success can mean very different things to different people.（成功对不同的人有着不同的含义。） What qualities do we need to be successful?（我们需要什么品质才能成功？） Do you agree with the definition of success?（你同意这个关于成功的定义吗？） 二、描述成功人物与经历 It all started when he attended an international meeting.（一切都始于他参加一场国际会议。） For 22 years, he set his eyes on space.（22年来，他把目光投向太空。） He is famous for building the largest radio telescope in the world.（他因建造世界上最大的射电望远镜而闻名。） 三、评价成功与失败 It's never too late to start.（开始永远不嫌晚。） Failure does not always bring success, but it can always help you grow.（失败不一定带来成功，但它总能帮你成长。） “Success” and “win” don't mean the same thing.（“成功”和“赢”并不是同一回事。） 语法 1. 被动语态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、情态动词的被动语态）（中考高频考点） 2. 主动语态变被动语态“三步法”；被动语态与系表结构的区别 写作 任务① 记叙文：讲述一次面对失败（或追求成功）的亲身经历 任务② 说明文/应用文：制作一份介绍成功人物或团队的“事实档案”（fact file） 一、知识点精讲 1. success /səkˈses/ n. 成功 【句型】achieve success 取得成功；be a great success 获得巨大成功 FAST is a great success in China's space exploration. 天眼是中国太空探索中的一项伟大成就。 【词形变换】succeed v. 成功；successful adj. 成功的；successfully adv. 成功地 【辨析】success 指“成功、成就”（名词）；win 强调比赛或竞争中的“赢、获胜”。 Success is so much more than that. 成功的含义远不止于此。 He won the gold medal. 他赢得了金牌。 2. challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ n. 挑战 v. 向……挑战 【句型】face / meet a challenge 面对挑战；the challenge of (doing) sth. ……的挑战 The first challenge was where to put the telescope. 第一个挑战是把望远镜安放在哪里。 【词形变换】challenging adj. 具有挑战性的 【辨析】challenge 既可作名词也可作动词；challenge sb. to do sth. 挑战某人做某事。 3. quality /ˈkwɒləti/ n. 品质；质量 【句型】an important quality 一种重要的品质 Hard work is an important quality for success. 勤奋是成功的重要品质。 【辨析】quality 指“品质、质量”；quantity 指“数量”，注意区分。 【拓展】the qualities of a successful person 成功者具备的品质 4. failure /ˈfeɪljə(r)/ n. 失败；失败的人（或事） 【句型】learn lessons from failures 从失败中吸取教训 Failure does not always bring success, but it can always help you grow. 失败不一定带来成功，但它总能助你成长。 【词形变换】fail v. 失败；fail to do sth. 未能做某事 【辨析】failure 可作不可数名词表示“失败”，也可作可数名词表示“失败的人/事”，如 He is a failure. 5. accurate /ˈækjərət/ adj. 准确的，精确的 【句型】be accurate in ... 在……方面准确 Her calculations were considered more accurate than the ones produced by computers. 她的计算被认为比计算机算出来的还准确。 【词形变换】accuracy n. 准确，精确；accurately adv. 准确地 6. depend on sb / sth 依靠，依赖 【句型】depend on sb. to do sth.；depend on sth. NASA had to depend on Johnson's calculations. 美国航空航天局不得不依靠约翰逊的计算。 【拓展】depend on 还可表示“取决于”，如 It depends on the weather. 这取决于天气。 二、核心语法精讲 被动语态（The Passive Voice） 1. 基本构成：be + 及物动词的过去分词 2. 用法：强调动作的承受者；不知道或不必说出执行者时用被动语态，需要时用 by 短语引出执行者。 3. 各时态的被动语态： 时态 主动结构 被动结构 单元课文例句 一般现在时 do / does am / is / are + 过去分词 FAST is used to explore space. 一般过去时 did was / were + 过去分词 FAST was first put into operation in 2016. 一般将来时 will do will be + 过去分词 The results will be announced soon. 现在完成时 have / has done have / has been + 过去分词 Her work has been recognised. 情态动词 can / must do can / must be + 过去分词 The problem can be solved. 4. 主动语态变被动语态“三步法”： ① 把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语； ② 把谓语动词变为“be + 过去分词”，be 的时态与原句保持一致； ③ 把原主语变为 by 短语（动作执行者不重要时可省略）。 例句：Nan led the team. → The team was led by Nan. 5. 特殊情况：使役动词、感官动词（make / see / hear 等）在被动语态中要还原 to。 They made him work. → He was made to work.（他被要求工作。） 6. 被动语态与系表结构的区别：“be + 过去分词”表示动作时是被动语态；表示状态时是系表结构。 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 单元主题：人与社会——成功之路与坚持的意义。两个写作任务同源：都围绕“理解成功的含义、面对失败、从努力中获得成长”展开。任务①：记叙文（写自己或他人的经历）；任务②：说明文/应用文（fact file 介绍成功人物或团队）。 2. 写作框架 开头：点明人物（团队）的成就，或引出“成功与失败”的话题； 主体段 1：交代成功者（团队）的经历与付出的努力（或描述失败的经过与感受）； 主体段 2：写出从中体现的品质或学到的教训； 结尾：评价其成功（或失败的收获），升华主题——成功的含义不止于“赢”。 3. 写作素材 开头句 There are many successful people around us, and their stories inspire us.（我们身边有很多成功的人，他们的故事激励着我们。） Success can mean very different things to different people.（成功对不同的人有着不同的含义。） 原因 / 经历句 It all started when Nan Rendong attended an international meeting in 1993.（一切始于南仁东1993年参加一场国际会议。） He wasted no time in packing his bags to return to China.（他抓紧时间收拾行囊回到中国。） 奋斗 / 品质句 He spent 22 years on the project and never gave up.（他在这项工程上花了22年，从未放弃。） It takes great effort to realise one's dream.（实现梦想需要付出巨大努力。） 结尾升华句 It's never too late to start.（开始永远不嫌晚。） Failure does not always bring success, but it can always help you grow.（失败不一定带来成功，但它总能帮你成长。） We can learn from the person that success is so much more than winning.（我们可以从这个人物身上学到，成功的含义远不止于获胜。） 4. 范文背诵 范文一（任务① 记叙文：一次面对失败的经历） Last term, I took part in a maths competition. I had prepared for months, but I still failed to get a prize. At that moment, I felt very sad and wanted to give up. However, my teacher told me that failure is not the end. I decided to learn lessons from it. I began to go over my mistakes and tried harder next time. I also learnt to accept the result and keep a positive attitude. Now I know that failure does not always bring success, but it can always help me grow. When I have tried my best, I will just smile and enjoy the journey. 范文二（任务② 说明文：成功人物 / 团队事实档案） A fact file about Nan Rendong and FAST Nan Rendong was the chief scientist and chief engineer of FAST, or the Sky Eye. He was famous for building the largest radio telescope in the world. It all started when he attended an international meeting in 1993. He was shocked to find China had no say. He wasted no time in returning to China and led his team through many difficulties. For 22 years, he set his eyes on space. Sadly, he was seriously ill with cancer at the final stage, but he still fought in the front line. FAST was first put into operation in 2016. Nan showed us that qualities like hard work and never giving up are the key to success. It's never too late to start, and it takes great effort to realise one's dream. 易错点 01 success 的词性混用（success / succeed / successful） 【助记口诀】名词 success，动词 succeed，形容词 successful 【错因辨析】success 是名词，不能直接作谓语；表示“成功做某事”用 succeed in doing sth.。 ❌ He successed in the competition. ✅ He succeeded in the competition. 【对点训练】 1. Hard work leads to ______ (successful). 【答案】success 【解析】lead to 后接名词，successful 是形容词，需变为名词 success。 2. She finally ______ (success) in passing the exam. 【答案】succeeded 【解析】主语 she 后需要谓语动词，表示“成功做某事”用 succeed，过去式用 succeeded。 3. He is a ______ (success) businessman. 【答案】successful 【解析】修饰名词 businessman 需用形容词 successful。 易错点 02 被动语态漏掉 be 动词或错用动词形式 【助记口诀】被动语态两件套，be 加过去分词不能少 【错因辨析】被动语态的结构是“be + 过去分词”，只写过去分词或用动词原形都是错的；be 的时态要与句子保持一致。 ❌ The telescope put into operation in 2016. ✅ The telescope was put into operation in 2016. 【对点训练】 1. FAST ______ (put) into operation on 25 September 2016. 【答案】was put 【解析】主语 FAST 是动作的承受者，时间为过去，用一般过去时的被动语态 was put。 2. These problems ______ (solve) by his knowledge last year. 【答案】were solved 【解析】主语 problems 为复数，时间为过去，用 were + 过去分词 solved。 3. English ______ (speak) all over the world. 【答案】is spoken 【解析】表示普遍事实，用一般现在时的被动语态 is spoken。 易错点 03 主动语态与被动语态混淆 【助记口诀】主语做事用主动，主语受事用被动 【错因辨析】先判断主语与动词的关系：主语发出动作用主动语态，主语承受动作用被动语态。 ❌ Nan Rendong was led his team through many difficulties. ✅ Nan Rendong led his team through many difficulties. 【对点训练】 1. Nan Rendong ______ (lead) his team through many difficulties. 【答案】led 【解析】主语 Nan Rendong 是动作的执行者，用主动语态；过去式用 led。 2. He ______ (consider) one of the unluckiest athletes in history. 【答案】is considered 【解析】主语 He 是“被”认为，用被动语态；主语为单数，用 is considered。 3. Johnson's calculations ______ (consider) more accurate than computers'. 【答案】were considered 【解析】主语 calculations 是动作的承受者，且为复数、时间为过去，用 were considered。 易错点 04 一般过去时被动语态的主谓一致错误 【助记口诀】was 配单数，were 配复数 【错因辨析】一般过去时的被动语态是 was / were + 过去分词，was / were 要与被动句的新主语（即原宾语）在数上保持一致。 ❌ The places was reviewed by Nan and his team. ✅ The places were reviewed by Nan and his team. 【对点训练】 1. The largest radio telescope ______ (build) in Guizhou Province. 【答案】was built 【解析】主语 telescope 为单数，动作已发生，用 was + built。 2. Many places ______ (review) by Nan and his team. 【答案】were reviewed 【解析】主语 places 为复数，用 were + reviewed。 3. The Sky Eye ______ (put) into operation in 2016. 【答案】was put 【解析】主语 The Sky Eye 为单数，2016 为过去时间，用 was put。 易错点 05 情态动词的被动语态误用 【助记口诀】情态动词后接 be，再接过去分词 【错因辨析】含情态动词的被动语态结构为“情态动词 + be + 过去分词”，不能写成“情态动词 + 过去分词”。 ❌ The problem must solved at once. ✅ The problem must be solved at once. 【对点训练】 1. The plan should ______ (carry) out at once. 【答案】be carried 【解析】should 后接 be + 过去分词，构成被动语态。 2. Trees can ______ (plant) in spring. 【答案】be planted 【解析】情态动词 can 后接 be planted，表示“能够被种植”。 3. The letter must ______ (send) today. 【答案】be sent 【解析】must + be + sent 构成被动语态，表示“必须被寄出”。 易错点 06 固定短语的介词与动名词搭配错误 【助记口诀】give up 后接动名词，depend on 后接名词，aim at 后接动名词 【错因辨析】give up doing sth. 放弃做某事；depend on sb. / sth. 依靠、依赖；aim at doing sth. 力争做某事。 ❌ He never gave up to study. ✅ He never gave up studying. 【对点训练】 1. Nan never gave up ______ (solve) the technological problems. 【答案】solving 【解析】give up doing sth. 表示“放弃做某事”，用动名词 solving。 2. NASA had to depend ______ Johnson's calculations. 【答案】on 【解析】depend on 意为“依靠、依赖”，为固定搭配。 3. He aimed once more ______ being an Olympic champion. 【答案】at 【解析】aim at doing sth. 意为“力争做某事”。 一、单项选择 1. FAST, or the Sky Eye, ______ into operation on 25 September 2016. A. put B. was put C. puts 【答案】B 【解析】主语 FAST 是动作的承受者，时间为过去，用一般过去时的被动语态 was put。 2. Nan Rendong was greatly ______ when he found China had no say. A. shock B. shocking C. shocked 【答案】C 【解析】人作主语，表示“感到震惊”，用 shocked；shocking 多修饰事物。 3. The first ______ was where to put the telescope. A. champion B. challenge C. character 【答案】B 【解析】challenge 意为“挑战”；句意为“第一个挑战是把望远镜安放在哪里”。 4. Hard work is one of the most important ______ of successful people. A. qualities B. quantities C. choices 【答案】A 【解析】quality 意为“品质”；句意为“勤奋是成功者最重要的品质之一”。 5. He didn't win all the medals, but he is a ______ at what really counts — life. A. loser B. winner C. failure 【答案】B 【解析】结合前半句的转折，此处表示他“在真正重要的东西上是赢家”，用 winner。 6. It is ______ important to accept failures. A. equal B. equally C. equality 【答案】B 【解析】修饰形容词 important 需用副词 equally。 7. In 2009, Grandma van Gogh ______ her own book. A. published B. was published C. publishes 【答案】A 【解析】主语 she 是动作的执行者，用主动语态；2009 为过去时间，用 published。 8. Johnson's calculations ______ more accurate than the ones produced by computers. A. considered B. were considered C. was considered 【答案】B 【解析】主语 calculations 为复数且是动作的承受者，用 were considered。 9. —Who was FAST built by? —It ______ by Nan Rendong and his team. A. was lead B. was led C. led 【答案】B 【解析】被动语态中 lead 的过去分词为 led；主语 It 为单数，用 was led。 10. “Success” and “win” ______ the same thing. A. don't mean B. aren't meant C. doesn't mean 【答案】A 【解析】主语 “Success” and “win” 为复数，mean 表示“意思是”，用主动语态 don't mean。 二、词汇运用 用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1. Nan Rendong is a great ______ (science) in China. 【答案】scientist 【解析】表示“科学家”，用 scientist，与 great 搭配。 2. FAST is a great ______ (succeed) in China's space exploration. 【答案】success 【解析】a great success 意为“一次巨大的成功”，需用名词 success。 3. Her calculations were very ______ (accuracy). 【答案】accurate 【解析】be 动词后用形容词作表语，accuracy 的形容词形式为 accurate。 4. In 2009, she ______ (publish) her own book. 【答案】published 【解析】2009 是过去时间，谓语动词用一般过去时 published。 5. We should learn lessons from our ______ (fail). 【答案】failures 【解析】our 后接名词，表示“失败的经历”可数，用复数 failures。 三、句型转换 1. Nan led his team through many difficulties.（改为被动语态） His team ______ ______ through many difficulties by Nan. 【答案】was led 【解析】主动变被动：宾语 his team 作主语，单数用 was + led。 2. FAST was put into operation in 2016.（改为一般疑问句） ______ FAST ______ into operation in 2016? 【答案】Was; put 【解析】含 be 动词的被动句变一般疑问句，将 was 提到句首，过去分词 put 不变。 3. He spent over 22 years on the project.（同义句转换，用 It takes ...） It ______ him over 22 years ______ ______ on the project. 【答案】took; to work 【解析】sb. spend time on sth. 可与 It takes sb. time to do sth. 互换，原句为过去时，用 took。 四、补全对话 A. Do you know who built it? B. He worked on it for 22 years. C. His story tells us that hard work and never giving up are the key to success. D. It was put into operation in 2016. E. You're right. A: Hi, Peter. Do you know the FAST telescope? B: Yes. It is also called the Sky Eye. 19.______ A: 20.______ He was the chief scientist of FAST. B: Really? How long did he work on it? A: 21.______ B: That's amazing! What lesson can we learn from him? A: 22.______ B: I agree. Nothing is impossible if we never give up. A: 23.______ Let's work hard for our dreams. B: Good idea! 【答案】19. D 20. A 21. B 22. C 23. E 【解析】 19. D：承接上文，补充介绍天眼投入使用的时间。 20. A：引出下文对南仁东身份的说明，提出“谁建造了它”的疑问。 21. B：回答 How long 的提问，说明他工作的年限。 22. C：回答 What lesson，总结南仁东的故事给人的启示。 23. E：对对方的观点表示认同，并引出共同为梦想努力的倡议。 五、短文填空 Grandma van Gogh's real name was Chang Xiufeng. She was born in 1936 in Henan Province and worked as a farmer during her life. She started 1.______ (paint) at about the age of 70. Her son posted some of her 2.______ (painting) on his blog, and people liked 3.______ (they) very much. In 2006, she appeared on a TV interview, and in 2009, she 4.______ (publish) her own book. Her story shows that it is never too late to start. Success can be 5.______ (achieve) at any age if you keep 6.______ (try). When we fail, we should not give 7.______. Instead, we can learn lessons 8.______ our failures, because they can always help us 9.______ (grow). Remember, “success” and “win” don't mean 10.______ same thing. 【答案】1.painting 2.paintings 3.them 4.published 5.achieved 6.trying 7.up 8.from 9.grow 10.the 【导读】本篇短文介绍农民画家常秀峰（“梵高奶奶”）的励志故事，综合考查非谓语动词、名词复数、代词、动词时态、被动语态、固定短语等九年级核心考点。 1. 考查非谓语动词。start doing sth. 表示“开始做某事”，用动名词 painting。 2. 考查名词复数。some of 后接可数名词复数，paintings 表示“画作”。 3. 考查代词。介词宾语用宾格，they 的宾格为 them。 4. 考查动词时态。In 2009 是过去时间，publish 用一般过去时 published。 5. 考查被动语态。success 是动作的承受者，情态动词 can 后用 be + 过去分词，即 be achieved。 6. 考查固定搭配。keep doing sth. 表示“坚持做某事”，用 trying。 7. 考查动词短语。give up 意为“放弃”，为固定搭配。 8. 考查介词。learn lessons from ... 表示“从……中吸取教训”。 9. 考查使役用法。help sb. (to) do sth.，用动词原形 grow。 10. 考查固定短语。the same ... 表示“相同的……”，same 前用定冠词 the。 2 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $