Grammar-【教材笔记】2026-2027学年九年级下册英语课前预习笔记（人教版·新教材）

Grammar 一、动词的时态(Verb Tenses) 动词的时态是用以表示各种时间和动作方面的动词形式。这里主要介绍一 般现在时(simple present)、一般过去时(simple past)、一般将来时(simple future)、现在进行时(present continuous)、过去进行时(past continuous)和现 在完成时(present perfect)六种动词时态。动词的主要时态说明、基本用法和例 句参见表1。 表1动词的时态 时态 基本用法 例句 一般现 表示经常发生的动作或存在 I often go to school at 7 o'clock. She usually does her homework after school. 在时 的状态 Earth moves round the sun. 一般过 表示过去某一时间发生的动 Both students enjoyed the school trips and club activities. 去时 作或存在的状态 We went to the cinema last night. 一般将 I will miss you all. 表示单纯的将来的事实 I will become a full-time worker at the factory after 来时 graduation. 现在进 What are they doing about the problem? 表示现在正在进行的动作 行时 It's raining hard. 过去进 表示过去某一时间正在进行 Last year,I was still studying Chinese in Beijing. 行时 的动作 I was watching TV when you called me yesterday. 现在完 表示动作发生在过去，但对 The company has already offered me a job. 成时 现在有影响或产生了结果 Have you ever seen a Dragon Boat race? 二、情态动词(Modal Verbs)》 情态动词must、might、may、could、can等可以用于表达推测和可能性，但 所包含的意义不尽相同。 1.must ust表示很大的可能性，意为“一定；必定；肯定”，多用于肯定句中。例如： That movie must be very interesting.Shall we go to see it? The cakes look nice.They must be delicious. 2.can和can't can表示“可能”，常用于否定句或疑问句中，用于疑问句时，带有“惊异； 怀疑；不相信”等含义。cant表示“不可能”。例如： -Can the news be true? -That can't be true. It looks so thin.It can't be heavy. 3.may、might、could may、might、could都能表示“可能”。could、might语气更委婉，might语 气最为缓和，表示最不确定的推测或可能性。例如： He may might come to visit us tomorrow. He thinks Beijing could be the first place in Asia where humans used fire. The evidence shows that they might also have developed the skill of making silk. 三、冠词（Articles) 冠词是一种虚词，常放在名词前面，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物的含义。 冠词本身不能单独使用，在句中一般不重读。冠词可分为定冠词、不定冠词和零 冠词三类。 1.定冠词 不论是单数名词还是复数名词，也不论是可数名词还是不可数名词，其前均 可用定冠词he。定冠词的主要用法和例句参见表2。 表2定冠词的用法 用法 例词或例句 特指某（些）人或某（些)事物Let's go and buy something for the party. 指双方都知道的人或事物 There's a large sports field next to the school hall. 指上文提过的人或事物 The file is sent to the 3D printer. 用在世界上独一无二的事物前 The sun is bigger than the moon. The blue whale is the largest and the heaviest animal in the world. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前 Da Vinci was one of the first Western artists to study the human body. 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前 the Louvre Pyramid,the Atlantic Ocean 用在姓氏的复数形式前 the Wright brothers all the same,in the morning/afternoon/evening, 用在一些习惯用语中 on the left/right,the day before yesterday 2.不定冠词 a/an是不定冠词，a用在发音以辅音开头的单词之前，如a book、a girl等； 20 教材笔记英语九年级下册 an则用在发音以元音开头的单词之前，如an hour、an English teacher等。注意： 不定冠词只用于可数名词单数前。不定冠词的具体用法和例子参见表3。 表3不定冠词的用法 用法 例词或例句 It's a big farm. 指人或事物的某一种类 I want to be an engineer in the future. Every year,my family and I take a photo together 指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人 under the big tree in our village. 或何物 A true friend is always there for you. 表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念 Our town has just built a new hospital and library. 没有one强烈 用于某些固定词组中 a few,a little,a lot of,a moment 3.零冠词 英语中在不少场合下名词前面是不需要使用冠词的，有的语法书把这种现象 称作“零冠词”。零冠词的常见用法和例子参见表4。 表4零冠词的用法 用法 例词或例句 在专有名词和不可数名词前 Class 1,China,Nobel Prize,Mount Huangshan,water How much is this birthday cake? 名词前已有作定语的this、 These ping-pong bats are nice. these、my、your、some、 It comes with some candles. any、each、every等词 He is proud of his job. Every guest was expected to write a poem during the party. Most of the rubbish comes from homes,schools,hospitals, and businesses. 复数名词表示一类人或事物时 The noise from ships and underwater machines can confuse animals like whales and dolphins. 在星期、月份、节日前 Monday,January,May Day,Christmas This is Professor Liu. 在称呼语、头衔和职务等名 Who's your class teacher? 称前 Ms Gao. 在一日三餐前 For lunch,she likes hamburgers,salad,and oranges. Grammar 121 续表 用法 例词或例句 Around 1:00,he meets his friends,and they play football. 在球类运动的名称前 Do you often play ping-pong together? at home/school,by train,go to school/bed,on time, 用在某些固定词组中 at night/noon,after class/school,be late for school 四、句子类型(Types of Sentences) 句子按其结构可分为简单句(simple sentence)、并列句(compound sentence)和复合句(complex sentence)三种类型，其主要构成和例句参见表5。 表5句子主要类型 类别 构成 例句 由一个主语（或并列主语)和 简单句个谓语（或并列谓语)构成的 My mother often goes shopping at weekends. Some students walk or ride bicycles to school. 句子 They are sweet rice balls,and we eat them during 由并列连词（and、so、but、or the Lantern Festival. 并列句等)把两个或两个以上的简单句School starts at eight,,so I get up at six thirty. 连在一起而构成的句子 There are many boat races around the world,but this one is special. I wonder if the two water festivals are similar. 由一个主句和一个或一个以上 复合句 的从句构成的句子 What do you want to be when you grow up? Do you have everything that you need? 五、构词法(Word Formation) 英语中很多单词的构成形式是有规律的，掌握单词的构成规律有助于理解和 记忆词汇。常见构词法有合成、派生和转化。缩写和简写也是构词法的一种。 1.合成法 由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词，这种构词法叫作合成法。合成法有以 下几种方式。 复合名词：newspaper（名词+名词)，hotline(形容词+名词) 复合动词：highlight(形容词+动词)，overcome（副词+动词)， sunbathe（名词+动词) 复合形容词：hard-working(形容词+动词ing形式)，man-made(名词+ 动词ed形式)，worldwide(名词+形容词) 复合副词：anyway（不定代词+名词)，downstairs(副词+名词)， everywhere(形容词+副词) 22 教材笔记英语九年级下册 复合代词：somebody、anything(不定代词+名词) 复合数词：fifty-four、one-third(数词+数词) 2.派生法 在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词，这种构词法叫作派生法。加 在单词前的词缀叫前缀，加在单词后面的词缀叫后缀。常见的前缀、后缀可以参 见表6、表7。 表6常见前缀 前缀 示例 un-(不、非，表示反向或反义) unlucky,unhappy,untidy,unusual dis-(不、反面，表示否定) disagree,disappoint,dishonest,dislike bi-（双、二，表示数量) bicycle,bilateral,bilingual,binoculars inter-.（相互、交互、在一起) international,internet,interview re-（再次、重新) recycle,retell,reuse,rewrite tele-（远距离的) telephone,telescope,television 表7常见后缀 后缀 示例 er/-or(表示“从事某种职业的人”， farmer,reporter,researcher,worker,actor,director, 名词后缀) visitor -ist(表示“主义者；从事某种职业 artist,communist,dentist,pianist,scientist,socialist, 者”等，名词后缀)》 tourist -ness（表示“处于某种状态”，名 happiness,illness,kindness,sadness 词后缀) -ion/-tion(表示“行为；行为的过action,attraction,conversation,education,.graduation, 程或结果、状态”等，名词后缀) invention -ul(表示“充满…的；具有… beautiful,careful,forgetful,grateful,harmful,peaceful 的”，形容词后缀) dirty,funny,healthy,noisy,sandy,shiny,smelly, y(表性质，形容词后缀) starry,sticky,windy boring,exciting,interesting,moving,outgoing,tiring, -ing（形容词后缀) touching Grammar 123 续表 后缀 示例 -ed(形容词后缀) bored,excited,gifted,interested,skilled,tired,used formal,international,natural,normal,personal, al(形容词后缀) traditional able（表示“能…的；具有… comfortable,enjoyable,recyclable,unforgettable 性质的”，形容词后缀) -less(表示“没有；无”，形容词后缀) careless,helpless,homeless,weightless y（副词或形容词后缀) greatly,really,widely,daily,friendly,lovely 3.转化法 一个单词由一种词类转换为另一种词类，这种构词法叫转化法。单词转化后 的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切。 动词转化为名词：cryv.哭→have a)cyn.哭（了一顿） look v.看→have a)look n.看（一下） 名词转化为动词：book n.书→book(a seat)v.预定（座位） water n.水→water(the flower)y.浇（花) 形容词转化为动词：slow adj.慢的→slow(dowm)v.慢（下来） calm ad.镇静的→calm(yourself)v.使（自己）平静 4.缩写和简写 缩写和简写主要采取“截头”“去尾”或者“既截头又去尾”的方法来生成新词。 例如： telephone→phone airplane→plane laboratory→lab advertisement→ad examination→exam influenza→flu 另外，还有很多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成。例如： AI Artificial Intelligence TCM Traditional Chinese Medicine BCE before the Common Era UN United Nations CE Common Era UFO unidentified flying object CPC Communist Party of China VIP very important person GDP gross domestic product WHO World Health Organization PE physical education WTO World Trade Organization PRC People's Republic of China 124 教材笔记英语九年级下册