上海复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年第一学期高三年级英语学科1月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2023学年第一学期 高三年级英语学科1月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷　答案 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 1. published 2. because 3. As/While/When 4. that 5. the most surprising 6. whether/if 7. to deliver 8. have been implemented 9. limiting 10. should Section B 11. D 12. A 13. K 14. I 15. J 16. G 17. H 18. B 19. E 20. C II. Reading Comprehension Section A 21. B 22. C 23. D 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. C 35. D Section B 36. D 37. A 38. D 39. B 40. A 41. B 42. A 43. A 44. B 45. C 46. B Section C 47. B 48. F 49. A 50. D III. Summary Writing 51. The rule 'use it or lose it' also applies to brain development. Children who lack parental love and encouragement may suffer lasting brain damage, as scans show their brain areas responsible for personality and emotions are less active. Since the brain develops depending on experience, without proper stimulation, its connections dissolve, and ill-treatment in infancy leads to faulty wiring. IV. Translation 52. It is easy for fresh strawberries to go bad at high temperatures, so it is better to keep them in the refrigerator. 53. After school, some children can't wait to fly kites in the square across the library. 54. Social networking platforms have a large number of users and spread information rapidly, so what happened a few minutes ago soon becomes known to all. 55. The well-known food enterprise keeps improving its production technology. A newly launched dairy product is not only highly nutritious but also tastes good, making it suitable for people of all ages. V. Guided Writing 56. Dear Editor, I recently came across your article "The jobs that will no longer exist in a decade" and found it intriguing. As a student at Mingqi High School, I would like to share my thoughts. In my opinion, jobs related to traditional print media may disappear within a decade. As more readers switch to online news sources, the demand for physical newspapers and magazines is declining, so the need for print journalists, typesetters, and printing press operators may diminish significantly. Moreover, repetitive routine jobs are also at risk. With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, tasks involving manual data entry, basic accounting, or assembly line work can now be performed by machines more efficiently and accurately, reducing the need for human involvement. Admittedly, while certain jobs may disappear, new opportunities will emerge in fields such as AI and data analysis. In conclusion, while the job market is changing rapidly, we students should focus on developing skills that cannot be easily replaced, such as creativity and critical thinking. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2023学年第一学期 高三年级英语学科1月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Alcohol is physically bad for you in any quantity; and the more you drink, the worse its health effects. The gigantic report on the subject 1          (publish) last week is authoritative. It makes depressing reading - "sobering"(清醒) would be the wrong word here, not least 2          few people are likely to change their behaviour as a result. But it is difficult to argue with the conclusions. The report was based on enormous amounts of data: 28 million people around the world were examined in 592 studies to estimate the health risks, while the popularity of drinking was estimated using a further 694 studies. Some of the effects of large-scale drinking are really shocking. Around the world today, alcohol is responsible for 20% of the deaths in the 15 to 49 age group. The variety of ways in which alcohol can kill or damage people comes as a shock. In the poorest countries, its primary means of damage is through TB (结核); 3          countries grow more developed, the damage shifts to cancer and heart disease. It is the trade-off between cancer and heart disease 4          leads the researchers to reject the notion that moderate drinking has health benefits: they find that the increased risk of cancers outweighs the diminished risk of heart disease among middle-aged moderate drinkers. Perhaps 5          (surprising) single finding is that two-thirds of the world's population don't drink at all. They manage without a drug apparently essential to civilised life in the west. The question is 6          those of us in the other third should try to imitate them. The researchers are unequivocal (明确的). They want concerted(协力一致的) government action 7          (deliver) lower alcohol consumption, using many of the same mechanisms that 8          (implement) successfully against tobacco: price rises, restrictions on advertising, 9          (limit) the availability of the drug. The report is right that many people 10          drink less than they do. Perhaps the real benefit of moderate drinking is not that it protects the heart, but that it requires a little self-discipline. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. displaced B. feature C. grouped D. headlines E. house F. inevitable G. neutral H. projected I. solution J. sustainable K. withstand Floating Cities: The Wave of the Future? Rainwater pouring into the New York City subway. Towns and roads in Pennsylvania overtaken by floodwater. These dramatic scenes made 11          in September 2021. As many as 40.5 million people have already been 12          by the effects of the climate crisis. Rising sea levels, along with extreme flooding, are putting more and more coastal residents and others at risk. By 2050, more than 1 billion people will live in countries that lack the basic systems and services to 13          sea-level rise, according to the Institute for Economics and Peace. And all these climate refugees will need to seek out new homes on dry land. One 14          architects and others have been exploring with more urgency in recent years is to build floating cities. In 2019, the United Nations brought together a group of innovators, scientists, and marine engineers to discuss the future of 15          sea-based communities. "As our climate and water ecosystems are changing, the way our cities relate to water needs to change, too," said U.N. Deputy Secretary-General Amina J. Mohammed. "Floating cities are a means of ensuring climate adaption, as buildings can rise along with the sea." These cities can be designed as climate 16          . They can take advantage of plentiful wind and water power for electricity, and grow food using hydroponics (水耕法). "From traditional houseboat communities to high- tech experiments, there are many examples to learn from," she added. Some of these experimental floating cities are already in development. Another planned community that's attracting a lot of attention is Oceanix City, which is 17          to have one-third of its 118 islands below sea level within 60 years. Plans for Oceanix City 18          groups of hexagon-shaped (六边形) islands powered by solar and water energy. Tied to the seafloor, each human-made island would 19          around 300 people; the islands would be 20          together in communities of about 10,000 residents. Oceanix citizens would drink processed ocean water and extracted humidity from the air, and dine on a ready supply of seafood. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. It is a tradition of corporate architecture. A company's top executives get offices on the top floor with the biggest windows and best views. However, nowadays some bosses choose to "hot-desk"（轮用办公桌） with everyone else. One argument for such a(n) 21          can be made. Staff morale （士气）would 22          if the employees are stuffed in open-plan offices while the executives occupy the spacious offices. When the executives sit alongside their teams, they will be more in touch with how projects are going and how staff are feeling. In theory, if the executives are 23         , employees are more likely to approach them with problems. But the bosses present all the time may 24          hurt morale. One of the joys of office life is the freedom to enjoy a bit of joking with colleagues. This may include the odd joke about the 25         . In the presence of their boss, staff will be 26          in what they talk about and the tone of their comments. They may feel the need to sound serious at all times, for fear that the quality of their commitment to their work come into doubt. 27         , the manager may be right behind them. You also have to wonder whether executives will really spend every morning searching for a place to sit. Some hot desks will be a lot hotter than others. Once the chief financial officer has picked a desk on day one, the junior staff will 28          that particular spot on subsequent days. In contrast, anyone who works closely with a particular executive will be 29          to pick a desk close by. The lingering（逗留不走的）boss presents other 30         . Anyone who has worked in an open-plan office will acknowledge that other colleagues' talking can make it hard to 31          at times. Managers may find themselves constantly being approached by team members with questions or problems for them to solve. Many people resort to headphones to shut out the background noise and to 32          their unavailability. But if managers do that, they run the risk of seeming shut off from their colleagues. One study found that at firms that 33          to open-plan design, face-to-face interactions fell by 70%. Like an animal caught on open ground without cover, many people do not like being constantly observed. In the 34          of a physical barrier, they create a fourth wall, 35          their desire for privacy by facial expressions or brief replies to questions. 21. A. image B. shift C. community D. assembly 22. A. spill B. surface C. suffer D. survive 23. A. reliable B. capable C. manageable D. visible 24. A. initially B. definitely C. officially D. equally 25. A. management B. development C. experiment D. department 26. A. unclear B. unwelcome C. uneasy D. unfortunate 27. A. At least B. After all C. In fact D. In short 28. A. steer clear of B. keep track of C. fall short of D. get rid of 29. A. reminded B. tempted C. assured D. warned 30. A. purposes B. promises C. protests D. problems 31. A. comment B. concentrate C. calculate D. communicate 32. A. signal B. conceal C. reverse D. avoid 33. A. subjected B. applied C. switched D. admitted 34. A. presence B. relevance C. absence D. preference 35. A. crediting B. interpreting C. substituting D. indicating Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） We owe our knowledge about the Earth's geography largely to such explorers as Christopher Columbus and James Cook, who ventured into the seas in search of new lands. Portuguese ship captain Ferdinand Magellan was also such a man, who was the first explorer to sail around the world. Magellan was interested in the paths Christopher Columbus had taken on his voyages, and after studying the maps of those routes for years, he requested King Manuel in 1513 to allow him to sail to the Spice Islands, but this time he would travel the waters south of South America. He was convinced that the trip would be shorter than if he headed to the southern tip of Africa and then across the Pacific Ocean. Nevertheless, Manuel refused his request. Later on, Magellan applied himself to astronomy (天文学) and navigation for almost two years. In 1517, he took the information gathered from his studies to Charles I of Spain, who agreed to fund his voyage. In 1519, with 5 ships and 241 men under his command, Magellan sailed across the Atlantic to what is now Rio de Janeiro; he then headed south to find the passage to the Pacific. Luck was not with him, however—he was unable to find that passage before the end of summer, and he adjourned in Puerto San Julian, Argentina, a country in southern South America, where one ship was destroyed, and some of his crew rebelled. Determined to continue, Magellan managed to restart his voyage in the spring of 1520, but difficulties once again nearly defeated him. The crew went for 98 days without seeing any land, ran out of food, and used up almost all their water. 19 men died before the ships reached Guam, and conflicts with people there prevented them from getting resupplied fully. When they finally reached the Philippines in 1521, Magellan himself was killed in a battle. Only one ship, with 18 survivors, made it back to Spain in 1522. But the exploration must in one very important respect be considered a success—it paved the way for explorers, merchants, and settlers to sail the Pacific, travelling relatively quickly to new and far-off lands. 36. Magellan believed that the trip would be shorter if he ____. A. cut through the Spice Islands B. went across the Pacific Ocean C. headed directly to the southern tip of Africa D. traveled the waters south of South America 37. The word "adjourned" in the passage most probably means ____. A. was held up B. was cheered up C. gave up D. sped up 38. What troubled the team on their way to the Philippines? A. Not taking along fresh water. B. Not choosing the right time. C. Magellan's unexpected death. D. Failure to get a full resupply. 39. What is this passage mainly about? A. Magellan's lasting and fruitful persuasion of the kings. B. Magellan's tough exploration of sailing round the world. C. Magellan's significant influences on Earth's living space. D. Magellan's contribution to people's knowledge of sailing. （B） The smell, the warmth, the distinct taste-a good cup of coffee is what gets us through the day and helps us to unwind at the end of it. And in walks the Pod Coffee Machine. This skillful kitchen device is here for convenience. Pros Cons Usually quite small-sized. Cheap to buy-some cost as little as £40. Good for occasional coffee drinkers, as the sealed pods keep coffee fresh. More expensive per drink than Bean-to-cup coffee or beans. Coffee pods create waste, as many pods are plastic. To ensure that you get the best fix of caffeine, we've rounded up a list of what we consider the best pod coffee machines in mind. Hamilton Beach (49976) Pod Coffee Machine Nespresso Pixie Espresso Pod Coffee Machine Twice as nice! Whether it's for a quick cup on the go or a coffee date with friends, this hot beverage maker gives you the option to select a single serving or to brew up a whole pot. Humble in appearance, this multi-serve pod coffee maker comes with another added bonus; use the loose coffee grounds option if you prefer a brand that does not come in a pod. 21,017 ratings $104.99 $124.87 Currently unavailable. We don't know when or if this item will be back in stock. Designed to please, not only is this machine small enough to fit in the smallest of kitchens, but the 19-bar high-pressure pump also ensures that each pod is released to ensure master-style results. Heating up in only 25 seconds, this single-serve kitchen buddy will have your cup of coffee ready in less than 2 minutes. 613 ratings $ 159.95 Nespresso Inissia Original Pod Coffee Machine Keuring K55/K-Classic Pod Coffee Machine This PREMIUM CHOICE model is ideal for small households who enjoy novel coffees that are prepared in no time at all. Or you can prepare the coffee for the go. Buy Aldi coffee pods to cut the price of your daily brew and save a dollar. And they're all compatible(兼容) with Nespresso machines. 3,676 ratings $ 149.95 Only 10 left in stock. Order soon. $ 66.75 (6 Second-hand) If the strength or weakness of your coffee is one of your greatest concern, then this machine might come in quite handy. The smaller the pod, the stronger the coffee. 2,665 ratings $118. 26 $121. 43 40. According to the passage, pod coffee machines attract people __________. A. who want to bring convenience to their kitchen life B. who are keen on the typical taste of Bean-to-cup coffee C. who attach importance to the light weight of plastic machines D. who pay attention to their carbon footprints on the environment 41. If the customer is exceptionally mindful of the price, which of the following will be a good deal？ A. Hamilton Beach (49976) Pod Coffee Machine B. Nespresso Inissia Original Pod Coffee Machine C. Nespresso Pixie Espresso Pod Coffee Machine D. Keuring K55/K-Classic Pod Coffee Machine 42. __________ is perfect for an extended family who prefer high-quality coffee. A. Hamilton Beach (49976) Pod Coffee Machine B. Nespresso Inissia Original Pod Coffee Machine C. Nespresso Pixie Espresso Pod Coffee Machine D. Keuring K55/K-Classic Pod Coffee Machine （C） Fewer than 400 North Atlantic right whales remain in the wild, and not even 100 of them are breeding females. Their biggest survival threats are boat strikes and getting caught in fishing gear. Protecting these whales, such as by turning boats from dangerous encounters, requires positioning them more reliably -- and new technology, described in the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, could help make that possible. To listen for marine life, researchers often install underwater microphones called hydrophones on buoys (浮标) and robotic gliders (滑翔机). The recorded audio is changed into spectrograms -- visual representations of sound used to precisely recognize, for instance, specific whale species' calls. But those distinctive sounds are often drowned out by other noise. In recent years researchers have used a machine-learning technique called deep learning to automate this analysis, but background sounds still block reliability. Now researchers have trained two deep-learning models specifically to cut through the noise. They started by giving the models thousands of "clean" spectrograms with only North Atlantic right whale calls. Then they slowly added in thousands of spectrograms mixed with typical background sounds, such as tanker engines. The program can successfully turn noisy spectrograms into clean ones, reducing false alarms and helping spot whales before they reach dangerous areas, the scientists say. Shyam Madhusudhana, a Cornell University data engineer, who was not involved in the study, says he would want to see if such models could be used to locate other marine mammals (哺乳动物), too. "Humpback whales and dolphins have much more complex speech pathways than the right whale," he notes. And University of East Anglia machine-learning researcher Ben Milner, one of the study's authors, wants to take this technology above water as well -- to Ukrainian forests, where he hopes to identify animals near the site of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster. University of St. Andrews behavioral ecologist Peter Tyack, who was not involved in the study, says this new system should be used to figure out where whales are throughout the year, so that these areas can be protected. "In terms of estimating the density and the number of these whales in places where it's hard to see them," Peter says, "this technology could be fantastic." But he warns that it should not be the only approach to preventing ship strikes. In his work, Tyack has found that North Atlantic right whales can be silent for hours at a time -- so passive sound monitoring could easily miss one. And killing just a few, he adds, "could lead to extinction of the population." 43. What does the new technology do to help protect the North Atlantic right whales? A. Locating the right whales precisely. B. Turning boats to encounter the right whales. C. Guiding the right whales away from fishing boats. D. Positioning fishing boats reliably and thus deadly strikes. 44. What is a major contribution of deep-learning models to reducing background noises? A. They turn off the nearby alarms that may create background noises. B. They can eliminate disturbances shown on a spectrogram sheet. C. They add thousands of mixed sounds such as vehicle engines. D. They can prevent whales from reaching dangerous areas. 45. It can be learned from the passage that ______. A. Shyam and Ben are both scientists at different universities who know each other well B. all of the three scientists consider the extended use of the technology could face challenges C. Shyam and Ben both hope that the deep learning model can go beyond its current application D. Peter thinks the technology should have been used to figure out where it's hard to see the whales 46. Which one of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Latest Techs on Marine Lifesaving B. Save the Right Whale by Noise-cutting C. See Whales' Noise through Human's Eyes D. Non-professional Scientists' Role in Saving Whales Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Are extra curriculums really extra? A. The same is true for foreign language. B. However, there are sound reasons for the concern. C. Foreign language learning should be given top priority to. D. Exercise matters deeply for cognitive development for kids. E. There is no doubt that instrumental training should be on the to-do list. F. Perhaps, but they all owe current success, in part, to the training in that aspect. Former Harvard President Drew Faust recently wrote of students overlooking the benefit of following their interest in art or linguistics. The trend towards employable subjects like math and science is reflected in decisions of college students as well as primary and secondary schools. 47          Great work of cognitive neuroscientists (认知神经学家) reveals what we think of as "extras" are central to strengthening our minds. Take music as an example. A study shows that musical training, particularly instrumental training, produces long lasting changes in motor abilities and brain structure. The earlier a child starts instrumental training, the stronger the connection between the right and left hemispheres (半球) of the brain. These changes thus affect the ability to listen and communicate as an adult. What is found in musicians is also common among world-class athletes and top-level managers. Is it a coincidence that Roger Federer, Elon Musk and Steve Jobs all studied music for years as children? 48          Science backs that up. Children who play an instrument 30 minutes a week over the course of a little over a year have more highly developed brains. 49          Studying a second language restructures the brain, and the changes last into adulthood. The cortex (大脑皮层), which has the greatest changes when a second language is learned during childhood, influences thought and consciousness. How about physical education? New research also reveals children who get aerobic exercise transform their brains due to a protein that is increased during exercise. 50          Yet 20 percent of U.S. schools put an end to it in favor of increased classroom time. Concentration, evolved communication skills, and being a good team player are just a few of the benefits research shows extra curriculums have on a developing mind. To me, that list reads as one I might put together for a model employee. III. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 51. Brainpower: Use It or Lose It? Where brainpower is concerned, the old rule of 'use it, or lose it' holds true from the start. Babies who receive love and encouragement from their parents develop the neural (神经的) connections they need to get on in life. But what happens to those who fail to get this support? It would be comforting to believe that such children escape long term damage by being too young to speak, or know any different, but the evidence suggests otherwise. At a recent meeting of the Royal Society of Medicine, the participants were shown slides taken with a powerful scanner comparing the brains of 'normal' three-year-olds with those who had been raised in poverty or in orphanages. The work was done by Bruce Perry of the Child Trauma Academy in Houston, Texas. The scans showed that the frontal-temporal areas of the brain, those responsible for personality and enabling a person to display and regulate emotions, showed little activity. For years it has long been known to scientists that animals brought up in enriched environment have larger and more complex brains than animals that grow up in disadvantaged situations, so experts like Perry assumed that the same would hold true for humans. However, it is only now, thanks to powerful scanners that allow this theory to be put to the test, that the damage is clearly visible. Perry explains the reason for the abnormality is that the brain develops in a 'use-dependent' way, growing, organising and working according to experience. With the right stimulation, the brain makes the connections it needs. Without it, synapses (突触), junctions between the neurons used to transport the brain's messages, actually dissolve. "Negative experiences play a vital role in organising the neural system in the developing brain," says Perry; in other words, ill-treatment in infancy leads to faulty wiring in the brain. IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 新鲜草莓在高温下很容易坏，最好放在冰箱里保存。(easy) 53. 放学后孩子们迫不及待地去图书馆对面的广场放风筝了。(wait) 54. 网络社交平台用户量大，传播信息速度快，几分钟前发生的事情瞬间就家喻户晓了。(known) 55. 这个知名食品企业不断改进生产技术，新近上市的一款奶制品不仅营养价值高，且口感好，老少咸宜。(suitable) V. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假设你是明启中学高二学生李明，最近在一份英语杂志上读到一篇题为 "The jobs that will no longer exist in a decade" 的文章。你对此话题很感兴趣，写一封信给该杂志读者来信专栏，内容须包括： 1) 你认为十年内哪类工作将不复存在； 2) 你的理由。 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $