精品解析：上海复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年第一学期高三年级英语学科11月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期 高三年级英语学科11月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Maximise your recycling Contrary to common belief, not all plastics can be recycled. A 2018 study from the University of Leeds found that only 16 per cent of household plastics ____1____ (collect) for recycling ended up being sent for processing. According to Dr Sharon George, lecturer in green technology and environmental sustainability at Keele University, many local authorities don’t have the facilities ____2____ (recycle) all types of plastic, and so much of the waste ends up being burnt in waste-to-energy plants instead. According to George, we need to make sure that the right things are getting recycled just ____3____ being a little bit careful. Plastic recycling ____4____ easily be contaminated (污染) with the wrong type of plastic. “A lot of waste gets rejected because it’s been contaminated with plastic or other materials ____5____ shouldn’t be in there,” George says. Food packaging is especially easy to contaminate. “This is a big reason the value of the waste goes down,” says George. “It can be contaminated by ____6____ (not wash) out.” Removing the contaminants from the rest of the material also ____7____ (cause) problems: according to an analysis of recycling contamination by analytics firm Croner-I, attempting to remove a single contaminant takes several kilograms of recyclable material along with ____8____. The biggest thing you can do is be aware of ____9____ can and can’t be recycled in your local area, says George. Don’t assume that something can be recycled just _____10_____ it’s plastic. “That definitely makes it worse. That can then potentially mean that a whole collection then gets rejected, and either burnt or sent to landfill,” she explains. 【答案】1. collected 2. to recycle 3. by 4. can 5. that 6. not being washed 7. causes 8. it 9. what 10. because 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍塑料回收的现实状况：并非所有塑料都可回收，回收物容易受到污染，污染会造成大批可回收物料报废。建议人们了解当地回收规则，不要仅凭材质就默认塑料制品都可以回收。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：利兹大学2018年的一项研究发现，在被收集用于回收的家庭塑料中，仅有16%最终送去处理。collect与household plastics是被动关系，用过去分词collected作后置定语。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：基尔大学绿色技术和环境可持续性讲师Sharon George博士表示，许多地方当局没有设备来回收所有种类的塑料，因此大量废弃物最终在垃圾焚烧发电厂被焚烧。固定搭配have sth. to do sth.表示“拥有做某事的某物”，用不定式to recycle作后置定语。 【3题详解】 考查介词。句意：按照George的说法，我们只需要稍加留心，确保正确的物品得到回收。空后是being a little bit careful，这里表示方式，by doing sth.表示“通过做某事”。 【4题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：塑料回收会很容易被错误种类的塑料所污染。空后是be contaminated，空处用情态动词。can表示客观上的可能性，意为“能够，可能”。 【5题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：很多垃圾遭到拒收，因为被塑料或不该出现在里面的其他材料所污染。先行词materials指物，前面被不定代词other修饰，定语从句缺少主语，用关系代词that引导。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它会因为没有被冲洗干净而受到污染。介词by后面接动名词；It(指食品包装)和wash out(洗净)是被动关系，否定形式not放在being前，用not being washed。 【7题详解】 考查动词时态与主谓一致。句意：从其余物料中去除污染物同样会引发问题：根据分析公司Croner-I对回收污染的分析，试图去除一种污染物会连带消耗几公斤可回收材料。本句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为动名词短语Removing the contaminants，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式causes。 【8题详解】 考查代词。句意：同上。此处用it指代前文的a single contaminant。 【9题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：George说，你能做的最大的事就是清楚在你当地，什么东西可以回收、什么东西不可以回收。介词of后接宾语从句，从句缺少主语，表示“事物”，用连接代词what。 【10题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：不要仅仅因为一件物品是塑料，就认定它可以回收。前后为因果关系，空处用because引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”，经常与just连用。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. clearance B. comprehensive C. conservation D. counted E. habitat F. mixed G. respectively H. stable I. surrounded J. sustainably K. undiscovered Orangutan (猩猩) numbers recover in well-managed forests An airborne survey of endangered orangutans in Sabah, the Malaysian state in the northeast of Borneo, has found that populations have stabilised within well-managed forests but are still in decline in areas with extensive palm oil plantations (棕榈油种植园). The study was carried out by the World Wide Fund for Nature and is the biggest, most ____11____ survey of orangutans in Borneo to date. The large areas of lowland forest in Sabah is the best ____12____ for orangutans. However, over the past 50 years extensive logging and land ____13____ for agriculture had led to a great decline in their numbers. The researchers surveyed an area almost 5,500 km wide. Based on the number of tree-borne nests ____14____ they estimate that there are almost 10,000 orangutans living in the area. This includes more than 1,500 previously ____15____ animals spread out in small groups. The majority of orangutans, around 5,550, were found living within ____16____ managed forests or in the central uplands away from the loggers. The numbers in this area have remained ____17____ since 2002, suggesting that conservation efforts are proving successful. In contrast, orangutan numbers in forests ____18____ by extensive areas of palm oil plantations have fallen by as much as 30 percent. “A recent survey on orangutan populations in Sabah, northeast Borneo showed a(n) ____19____ picture from different regions,” said the World Wide Fund for Nature’s Donna Simon. “However, overall the research shows that they have maintained the same numbers over the last 15 years and can remain so as long as proper _____20_____ measures continue to be put in place.” 【答案】11. B 12. E 13. A 14. D 15. K 16. J 17. H 18. I 19. F 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍一项调查研究发现，管理得当的森林里猩猩种群数量趋于稳定，但被棕榈油种植园包围的区域猩猩数量大幅下降，研究同时发现一批此前未被发现的猩猩个体，表明保护措施有效，需要继续落实保护工作。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这项由世界自然基金会开展的研究，是迄今为止针对婆罗洲猩猩规模最大、最全面的调查。根据“survey of orangutans in Borneo to date”可知，空处用形容词修饰survey，指规模最大、最全面的调查，comprehensive表示“全面的”。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：沙巴洲大片的低地森林是猩猩最好的栖息地。根据“The large areas of lowland forest in Sabah ”可知，森林是猩猩生存栖息的场所，habitat意为“栖息地”。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：然而在过去50年间，大规模伐木以及为农业进行的土地清理，造成猩猩数量大幅下降。根据“for agriculture had led to a great decline in their numbers”可知，land clearance为固定搭配，意为“土地清理、土地开垦”，对应人类破坏猩猩生存环境的行为。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：根据统计到的树上巢穴数量，他们估算该地区生活着近一万只猩猩。根据“the number of tree‑borne nests”可知，巢穴的数量是统计出来的，nests和count(计数)是被动关系，过去分词counted作后置定语。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这其中包含1500多只之前未被发现的猩猩，它们以小群体分散生活。根据“previously”和“animals spread out in small groups.”可知，小群体分散的动物应该是之前未被发现的，用形容词undiscovered修饰名词animals，undiscovered意为“未被发现的”。 【16题详解】 考查副词。句意：大多数猩猩（约5550只）被发现生活在得到可持续管理的森林，或是远离伐木者的中部高地。根据“managed forests”可知，猩猩生活在得到可持续管理的森林中，应用副词修饰过去分词managed，sustainably意为“可持续地”。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：该区域的猩猩数量自2002年以来一直保持稳定，说明保护工作证明取得成功。remain后接形容词作表语，根据“conservation efforts are proving successful”可知，猩猩数量保持稳定，stable意为“稳定的”。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：与之对比，被大片棕榈油种植园包围的森林中，猩猩数量下降高达30%。根据“by extensive areas of palm oil plantations”可知，森林周围是大片棕榈油种植园，forests和surround(包围)是被动关系，surrounded by作后置定语，意为“被……包围”。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：“最近一项针对婆罗洲东北部沙巴洲的猩猩种群的调查显示，不同地区情况喜忧参半。”世界自然基金会的唐娜·西蒙说道。根据“picture from different regions”可知，不同地区情况好坏不一，mixed意为“混杂的，喜忧参半的”，作定语修饰picture。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：不过总体研究表明过去15年猩猩数量维持原有数量，只要持续落实恰当的保护措施，就可以维持现状。根据“proper”和“measures continue to be put in place”可知，此处指恰当的保护措施，conservation measures为固定搭配，意为“保护措施”。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. It was 2011. I was in New Zealand for the first time, speaking at a literary festival about my most recent book. I was nervous. I was hungry for something ____21____. Something to make being this far away feel okay. I ____22____ the recently launched app, Google Now, on my phone. It read my location, the weather and time. It ____23____ that information with what it knew I liked based on past searches, and predicted what it thought I might like, based on search results of people similar to me. When I arrived at the ____24____ cafe, it was exactly in my comfort zone: exposed brickwork, lots of greenery, bare wood tables, Edison bulbs. I had to wait for a table, so I dived into a ____25____ that I’d brought along for the ride. Immediately, I started chatting about the book with the person next to me. He and his girlfriend had read it, and wasn’t it great, and where are you from... Soon, we discovered we knew the same person back in London. Small world, eh? You could enjoy the ____26____ of humans, or the determination of people to discover commonality. You might take another view, and think it’s ____27____, that there’s nowhere to escape the mobile middle classes. Or, you could say that I was a pioneer in a new land, ____28____ by geography. Author Kyle Chayka calls it the land of AirSpace. Chayka is a Brooklyn resident who made his first attempt into AirSpace around the same time as I did, when he stayed in an apartment in the heart of Copenhagen that was advertised on Airbnb as in the “Brooklyn-style”. He could’ve ____29____ somewhere else, but as he told me recently in an episode called Gentrification for BBC Radio 4’s Digital Human, he didn’t. And he thought it was _____30_____ that he could stay in a Brooklyn-style apartment in Stockholm, and drink coffee in cafes that looked the same — complete with cookie — but he did it. I do it. Maybe you do it too. While shifts in design are a thousand years old, Kyle argues that trends are now being distributed _____31_____ in dramatic ways, thanks to the importance we place on posting and sharing our surroundings on apps like Facebook, Pinterest, Foursquare and Instagram. The apps’ algorithms (算法) _____32_____ what we see, and so we all end up liking, desiring and sharing the same things. _____33_____ isn’t rewarded in AirSpace. While all this homogeneity (同质性) is not great if you’re looking for traditional tea pagodas in Tokyo, it’s _____34_____ for those who spend much of their time on the road and just want fast internet, strong coffee and other luxuries of home. But no algorithm could’ve _____35_____ that I’d make a programme about AirSpace, nine years after I first visited it... 21. A. concrete B. unusual C. serious D. familiar 22. A. loaded up B. made for C. set aside D. took in 23. A. shared B. compared C. accepted D. ended 24. A. maintained B. self-styled C. suggested D. well-managed 25. A. book B. cafe C. zone D. thought 26. A. preference B. evolution C. connectedness D. influence 27. A. important B. terrible C. impossible D. reasonable 28. A. protected B. divided C. identified D. unlimited 29. A. departed B. appeared C. worked D. chosen 30. A. natural B. ridiculous C. necessary D. straightforward 31. A. globally B. randomly C. locally D. inclusively 32. A. decide B. realize C. impress D. misinterpret 33. A. Standardization B. Uniqueness C. Determination D. Similarity 34. A. embarrassing B. progressive C. comforting D. distinctive 35. A. forgotten B. claimed C. explained D. predicted 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了作者在新西兰借助应用程序找到熟悉风格咖啡馆的经历，引出“空气空间（AirSpace）”这一概念，探讨算法推动审美潮流全球传播、带来环境同质性的现象，分析这种模式利弊并留下思考。 【21题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我渴望一些熟悉的东西。A. concrete具体的；B. unusual不寻常的；C. serious严肃的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据下文“Something to make being this far away feel okay.”和第二段中“it was exactly in my comfort zone”可知，咖啡馆是作者熟悉的风格，说明作者想要熟悉的事物来缓解异乡的不安。 【22题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：我在手机上打开了新上线的应用Google Now。A. loaded up装载，打开；B. made for走向；C. set aside搁置；D. took in吸收。根据“the recently launched app, Google Now, on my phone”可知，此处表示在手机上打开软件。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：它把这些信息和基于过往搜索记录得知的我的喜好做比对，再根据和我相似人群的搜索结果，预判它认为我可能喜欢什么。A. shared分享；B. compared比较、比对；C. accepted接受；D. ended结束。根据“that information with what it knew I liked based on past searches”可知，把搜集的信息和个人喜好做比对，固定搭配compare…with…表示“将……与……做比较”。 【24题详解】 考查动词和形容词。句意：当我来到这个被推荐的咖啡馆，它完全在我的舒适范围：裸露砖墙、大量绿植、原木桌子、爱迪生灯泡。A. maintained被维护的；B. self-styled自封的；C. suggested被推荐的；D. well-managed管理良好的。根据第一段最后一句“It ______ that information with what it knew I liked based on past searches, and predicted what it thought I might like, based on search results of people similar to me.”可知，软件根据喜好预判、推荐内容，这家咖啡馆是App给作者推荐的。 【25题详解】 考查名词。句意：我需要等位，于是我拿出为乘车而随身带的一本书读了起来。A. book书；B. cafe咖啡馆；C. zone区域；D. thought想法。根据下文“Immediately, I started chatting about the book with the person next to me.”可知，后文聊到这本书，说明作者当时拿出的是书。 【26题详解】 考查名词。句意：你可以享受人与人之间的联结感，或者人们找到共同点的决心。A. preference偏爱；B. evolution进化；C. connectedness联结感；D. influence影响。根据上文“we discovered we knew the same person back in London”可知，陌生人找到共同熟人，体现人与人之间的联结。 【27题详解】 考查形容词。句意：你或许会有另一种看法，觉得这很糟糕，到处都躲不开这类流动的中产群体。A. important重要的；B. terrible糟糕的；C. impossible不可能的；D. reasonable合理的。根据“You might take another view”可知是反面看法，和前文“You could enjoy the ______ of humans, or the determination of people to discover commonality.”美好的感受形成转折，用terrible表示负面态度。 【28题详解】 考查动词和形容词。句意：或者，你可以认为我是在一片新地域的先行者，不受地理的限制。A. protected被保护；B. divided被分割，分裂的；C. identified识别；D. unlimited不受限制的。根据下文“Author Kyle Chayka calls it the land of AirSpace...when he stayed in an apartment in the heart of Copenhagen that was advertised on Airbnb as in the “Brooklyn-style””可知，作者把自己称作新地域的先驱，这个名为AirSpace的空间打破了地理的限制，各地出现风格一样的场所，地理边界在这里不再有绝对的约束。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：他本可以选其他地方，但正如最近他在BBC广播4台《数字人类》的一期名为《绅士化》的节目里告诉我的那样，他没有这么做。A. departed离开；B. appeared出现；C. worked工作；D. chosen选择。根据上一段中“when he stayed in an apartment in the heart of Copenhagen that was advertised on Airbnb as in the “Brooklyn-style””和“but he didn’t”可知，他在哥本哈根住进了布鲁克林风格的公寓，这里指他本可以选择别的地方。 【30题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他也觉得在斯德哥尔摩住进布鲁克林风格公寓、在看起来一模一样的咖啡馆喝咖啡这件事很荒唐——连饼干都完全一样，但他还是这么做了。A. natural自然的；B. ridiculous荒唐的；C. necessary必要的；D. straightforward简单的。根据转折“but he did it”可知，前后语义转折，说明这件事在他看来很荒唐。 【31题详解】 考查副词。句意：虽然设计风格的演变已有上千年，但Kyle认为，如今得益于我们重视在脸书、拼趣、Foursquare和Instagram这类应用上发布、分享自己所处环境的行为，各类潮流现在正以惊人的方式在全球范围内传播。A. globally全球地；B. randomly随意地；C. locally在本地；D. inclusively包容地。根据前文新西兰、哥本哈根、斯德哥尔摩出现同款风格场所，跨越不同国家，可知潮流是在全球范围传播。 【32题详解】 考查动词。句意：应用的算法决定我们看到什么，于是最后我们都喜欢、向往、分享相同的事物。A. decide决定；B. realize意识到；C. impress使印象深刻；D. misinterpret误解。根据空前“The apps’ algorithms (算法)”和空后“what we see”可知，算法推送内容、主导我们接收的信息，决定用户所能看到的内容。 【33题详解】 考查名词。句意：在空气空间里，独特性是不被推崇的。A. Standardization标准化；B. Uniqueness独特性；C. Determination决心；D. Similarity相似性。根据上文“we all end up liking, desiring and sharing the same things”和下文“homogeneity (同质性)”可知，在AirSpace这里缺少独特性，独特性得不到鼓励。 【34题详解】 考查形容词。句意：如果你想在东京寻找传统茶塔，这种同质化并不美好；但对于大多时间在路上，只想有高速网络、浓郁咖啡和类似家的奢侈享受的人来说，这是令人宽慰的。A. embarrassing令人尴尬的；B. progressive进步的；C. comforting令人安心的，令人宽慰的；D. distinctive独特的。根据下文“just want fast internet, strong coffee and other luxuries of home”可知，熟悉同款环境对赶路的人来说让人安心。 【35题详解】 考查动词。句意：但当初我第一次踏入空气空间的九年后，没有任何算法能够预判我会制作一档关于它的节目。A. forgotten忘记；B. claimed宣称；C. explained解释；D. predicted预判、预测。根据第一段中“predicted what it thought I might like, based on search results of people similar to me”和前文“The apps’ algorithms (算法) _______ what we see, and so we all end up liking, desiring and sharing the same things.”可知，算法能预判喜好，本句But转折，说明这件事是算法无法提前料到的。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） I am chocolate, and have always been, a symbol of love, richness, and joy. Lucky kids wear me across their mouths and on their fingertips as a sign of ultimate childhood satisfaction. I’m the Valentine’s Day gift for celebrating romance. But prepare for your chocolate-loving hearts to break just a bit, folks. My life story is not entirely sweet. I am native to the equatorial regions of the Americas and have been round for several thousand years. I come from a small evergreen tree that grows football-shaped pods (荚) — not on its branches, like most fruit trees, but on the trunk. The pods have leathery skins that cover a sweet-sour flesh and house roughly 40 seeds each. I was likely first grown 5,000 years ago in current-day Ecuador — for something like wine. (Yes, my flesh can be made into an alcoholic drink.) But soon enough, my seeds — cacao beans — became the forever focus. The Mayans, among others, made them into cocoa flour and mixed with water to make a drink. One early European colonizer who tasted the mix said I was “more a drink for pigs than a drink for humanity.” In time, he grew to enjoy the drink, eating his words as noblemen across Europe took to drinking a similar mixture made with rose water, egg yolks, or almonds. Beyond satisfying the early human sweet tooth, cacao beans have turned out to be full of compounds, like fiber, antioxidants, monounsaturated fat, and flavanols, which 21st-century humans know are important to overall health. To be perfectly honest, however, I didn’t really become a treat for the masses as a result of technology. To this day, I am a product of labor and hardship. Since my pods ripen at irregular times and are attached to my tree by a delicate stem that would be damaged by a machine, all my harvesting and processing must be done by hand. Much of the mass-market chocolate you buy at the grocers is produced by the more than 2 million 12-to-18-year-old West African children who travel alone across borders to labor, often not paid at all, for cacao farmers in Ivory Coast and Ghana, the biggest chocolate-growing countries in the world. If you’ve lost your sweet tooth at the thought of this background, there are ways to consume me with a freer conscience. Look for labels on chocolate that indicate ethical labor standards. 36. Which of the following statements is true of chocolate? A. The pods grew on the tree branches. B. Only the flesh was made into a drink at first. C. People loved it because of the shape of the pods. D. It was European colonizers who brought it to America. 37. What does the phrase “eating his words” (paragraph 3) most probably mean? A. admitting he was wrong B. predicting what would happen C. promising he would take action D. finding an excuse for his behaviour 38. What does the writer imply about the production of chocolate? A. Technology has raised its production efficiency. B. Cacao farmers depend on the weather for the harvest. C. Much of chocolate is still produced in an unethical way. D. New machinery has been developed to produce chocolate 39. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Sweet, but with a Dark Side B. Exploring the Health Benefits of Cocoa C. The Art and Science of Chocolate’s Production D. A Sweet Affair with Irresistible Temptation 【答案】36. B 37. A 38. C 39. A 【解析】 【导语】本文以巧克力第一人称视角介绍可可起源、发展与健康价值，同时揭露其背后残酷童工劳作的黑暗现实。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I was likely first grown 5,000 years ago in current-day Ecuador — for something like wine. (Yes, my flesh can be made into an alcoholic drink.)(我最早可能是5000年前在今天的厄瓜多尔种植的——为了制作葡萄酒之类的东西。（是的，我的肉可以做成酒精饮料。）)”可知，最初只有可可果肉被制成饮品。 【37题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“One early European colonizer who tasted the mix said I was “more a drink for pigs than a drink for humanity.” In time, he grew to enjoy the drink, eating his words as noblemen across Europe took to drinking a similar mixture made with rose water, egg yolks, or almonds.(一位早期欧洲殖民者品尝过这种饮品后，评价我“与其说是给人喝的，不如说是给猪喝的”。后来他渐渐爱上了这款饮品，eating his words，彼时欧洲各地的贵族也开始饮用添加玫瑰水、蛋黄或杏仁调制而成的同类饮品。)”可知，这位殖民者起初贬低可可饮品，后来却喜爱上它，前后观点完全相反，因此，短语“eating his words”暗示“承认自己之前说错了话”。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Much of the mass-market chocolate you buy at the grocers is produced by the more than 2 million 12-to-18-year-old West African children who travel alone across borders to labor, often not paid at all, for cacao farmers in Ivory Coast and Ghana, the biggest chocolate-growing countries in the world.(你在杂货店买到的大部分大众量产巧克力，都由两百多万名12至18岁的西非儿童生产。这些孩子独自跨境务工，在全球两大可可生产国科特迪瓦与加纳为可可农场主干活，且常常分文不取。)”可知，市面上大量巧克力的生产方式违背道德伦理。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“I am chocolate, and have always been, a symbol of love, richness, and joy. Lucky kids wear me across their mouths and on their fingertips as a sign of ultimate childhood satisfaction. I’m the Valentine’s Day gift for celebrating romance. But prepare for your chocolate-loving hearts to break just a bit, folks. My life story is not entirely sweet. (我是巧克力，向来象征着爱意、富足与欢愉。幸运的孩童将我沾在嘴角、抹在指尖，这是童年极致满足的模样。我是情人节承载浪漫的礼物。但是，爱巧克力的人们要准备好心碎一点点了。我的人生故事并不全是甜蜜的。)”以及第五段讲述童工劳作的残酷内容可知，文章既介绍巧克力甜蜜美好的一面，又揭露其生产背后不人道的黑暗现状，因此“甜蜜，却暗藏阴暗面”能够完整概括全文核心内容，适合作为最佳标题。 （B） A Crash Course in Commencement Speeches Why is it called a “commencement speech”? The historical answer is that students in medieval times entered universities as apprentices (学徒) and left able to “commence” their professions. The word commencement isn’t the only thing passed down from graduation ceremonies of the past. We’ve also kept the caps, the gowns, and, yes, the speeches. The earliest commencement speakers were graduating students who delivered their speeches in Latin. At Princeton University, the senior chosen to give the opening address still does it in Latin. The graduates receive special copies of the speech with instructions — in English — on when to laugh, in the hope that the rest of the audience will be impressed with the students’ Latin “fluency.” Many colleges extend invitations to potential speakers a year or more in advance, but securing a speaker early doesn’t make a school escape a last-minute scramble. Just a month before its 2015 ceremony, Temple University announced that ESPN anchor Kevin Negandhi would give the commencement address in place of the school’s original pick-Bill Cosby. You don’t have to be human to give a graduation speech. Kermit the Frog gave the commencement address at Southampton College in 1996 and received an honorary doctorate in “Amphibious Letters” from the school. In 2012 at the University of Vermont, Tom Kenny and Bill Fagerbakke delivered their speech as a dialogue between their better-known characters, SpongeBob SquarePants and Patrick Star. One of the most celebrated commencement speakers of late was billionaire investor Robert F. Smith, who gave the address at Morehouse College in 2019. Smith offered more than just words of encouragement. He promised to pay off the student debt of all 396 graduates. Months later, Smith announced he would also foot the bill for the federal student loans their parents had taken out. 40. Where are you most likely to hear a commencement speech? A. At a university’s alumni gathering. B. At a university’s opening ceremony. C. At a university‘s graduation ceremony. D. At a university’s scholar-awarding ceremony. 41. The word “scramble” (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to “_______”. A. promise B. change C. rumor D. conclusion 42. Which of the following statements is true of “commencement speeches”? A. They are still delivered in Latin at Princeton University. B. They are usually given by graduating students. C. The speakers can be non-human characters. D. The speakers often make some promises. 【答案】40. C 41. B 42. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍毕业演讲名称的由来、传统传承，并列举一些特别的毕业演讲事例。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The word commencement isn't the only thing passed down from graduation ceremonies of the past.(“毕业典礼”这个词并不是从过去的毕业典礼流传下来的唯一事物。)”可知，毕业演讲在大学毕业典礼上听到。 【41题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Many colleges extend invitations to potential speakers a year or more in advance, but securing a speaker early doesn’t make a school escape a last-minute scramble. Just a month before its 2015 ceremony, Temple University announced that ESPN anchor Kevin Negandhi would give the commencement address in place of the school’s original pick-Bill Cosby.(许多高校会提前一年甚至更久向意向演讲嘉宾发出邀请，但早早确定演讲者，并不能让学校避免临到最后一刻的scramble。就在2015年毕业典礼的一个月前，天普大学宣布，ESPN主持人Kevin Negandhi将代替原定人选Bill Cosby发表毕业演讲。)”可知，早早确定演讲者，并不能让学校避免临到最后一刻的仓促变动，scramble此处含义为“变动、更换”。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“You don’t have to be human to give a graduation speech. Kermit the Frog gave the commencement address at Southampton College in 1996 and received an honorary doctorate in “Amphibious Letters” from the school.(发表毕业演讲的不一定非得是人类。青蛙Kermit于1996年在南安普顿学院发表毕业演讲，还拿到了该校颁发的“两栖文学”荣誉博士学位。)”可知，演讲者可以是非人类角色。 （C） In 2003, in Bremen, Germany, astronomer Seth Shostak gave a lecture. “I bet everybody in the audience a cup of Starbucks that we would find E.T. within two dozen years,” he told a new audience in October. Shostak is senior astronomer at the Center for SETI Research based in Mountain View, Calif. SETI stands for “Search for Extra-terrestrial Intelligence (ETI)” of course, as the millions who have loaned out their home computer time for the SETI@home project know. He mentioned the bet at a session on the current state of the search for any signs of alien intelligence at the World Conference of Science Journalists in the San Francisco Bay Area. “To have some reasonable chance of success,” Shostak said, “you’d have to look at at least a million star systems.” Which may be possible within the coffee challenge’s timeframe, thanks to $100 million from Russian physicist and entrepreneur Yuri Milner in 2015 to establish what is called Breakthrough Listen — an effort to use multiple radio and telescopes to survey the million stars closest to us. Shostak thinks his Bremen audience comes out ahead either way. “Because either [by 2027] a signal has been found and you have something to talk about at lunch — or you get a cup of coffee. You can’t lose.” But what about sending out messages inviting contact with intelligent aliens rather than just listening for signals? “I think the risks outweigh the benefits,” said Dan Werthimer, chief scientist at the Berkeley SETI Research Center, which oversees Breakthrough Listen. “When advanced civilizations come in contact with less advanced civilizations, it hasn’t been good on Earth. So I think there’s a lot of risk.” But Shostak thinks we already might have attracted somebody’s attention: “The kind of equipment that we have today is within four orders of magnitude of being able to detect radars on nearby worlds, within a few tens of light-years. Now this speed of increase in the collecting area of radio telescopes on Earth is roughly two orders of magnitude per century... That means that any society that’s at least 200 years more advanced than we are has equipment that can pick up SFO, alright? That’s the local airport for those of you from out of town. So... if you really think there’s a potential of killing seven billion people because the aliens get ticked off by hearing I Love Lucy and send their interstellar battlewagons here to wipe us out…, you better turn them off forever. And to me, that doesn’t sound like a good idea.” 43. According to Seth Shostak, what conditions would be required for a reasonable chance of success in finding ETI? A. We survey at least a million star systems. B. We communicate more actively with aliens. C. We understand the coffee challenge’s timeframe. D. We search far more star systems than we can see. 44. What does Seth Shostak suggest about the technological capabilities of advanced extraterrestrial civilizations? A. They are unlikely to have technology to get our signals. B. Their technology could easily detect our signals. C. Their technology is far inferior to ours. D. They show no interest in our signals. 45. What can be learned about Seth Shostak and Dan Werthimer from the passage? A. They disagree on whether to send out messages inviting contact with ETI. B. They disagree on whether enough has been done to look for intelligent aliens. C. They both think that we may have caught the attention of advanced civilizations. D. They both think that we should wait for ETI to find us instead of searching for them. 46. What is the passage mainly about? A. The creation of the Breakthrough Listen project. B. A bet made decades ago about whether ETI can be located. C. The ongoing efforts and debates surrounding the search for ETI. D. The capabilities of current equipment to detect signals from nearby worlds. 【答案】43. A 44. B 45. A 46. C 【解析】 【导语】本文围绕搜寻地外智慧生命展开，讲述天文学家Seth Shostak曾打赌24年内会找到外星智慧生命，介绍“突破聆听(Breakthrough Listen)”搜寻项目，同时呈现他与Dan Werthimer对于是否主动向外星人发送联络信息的不同观点。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段““To have some reasonable chance of success,” Shostak said, “you’d have to look at at least a million star systems.”(Shostak说：“想要拥有一定的成功几率，你必须观测至少一百万个恒星系统。”)”可知，想要有较大机会找到地外智慧生命，需要观测至少一百万个恒星系统。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段Shostak的话“That means that any society that’s at least 200 years more advanced than we are has equipment that can pick up SFO, alright?(这意味着任何比我们至少先进200年的社会，拥有能够接收到旧金山国际机场信号的设备，明白吗？)”可知，高等外星文明的技术能够轻易探测到来自地球的信号。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“But what about sending out messages inviting contact with intelligent aliens rather than just listening for signals? “I think the risks outweigh the benefits,” said Dan Werthimer, chief scientist at the Berkeley SETI Research Center, which oversees Breakthrough Listen.(但如果不只是监听信号，而是主动发送信息，邀请智慧外星文明和我们取得联系，这样做会怎样呢？伯克利SETI研究中心的首席科学家Dan Werthimer（该中心负责监管突破聆听（Breakthrough Listen）项目）表示：“我认为风险大于收益。”)”以及第四段“But Shostak thinks we already might have attracted somebody’s attention:(但Shostak认为我们或许已经引起了某人的注意:)”可知，二人对于是否主动发送信息联络地外智慧生命持不同看法。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，文章介绍搜寻地外智慧生命的赌注、“突破聆听”项目，并且展示相关专家对是否主动向外星人发送联络信息的不同争论，主要讲述搜寻地外智慧生命正在进行的努力以及相关争议。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Need a digital diet? Here’s what worked for me I was having a desirable weekday lie-in when my four-year-old bounded in to inform me it was time to get dressed. Shocked to find I had wasted nearly two hours scrolling mindlessly through my phone instead of resting, I got out of bed feeling more mentally exhausted than on mornings when I get up at dawn. Thinking about what sort of digital diet to put myself on, I came across Mind Over Tech, founded by web developer Jonathan Gammer. About five years ago, Gammer noticed that part of his mental disquiet came from having limited control over his attention when he used his phone. ____47____. The product that grew out of Gammer’s wake-up call is a physical deck (副) of 50 cards, each bearing bite-sized experiments to help users approach technology more mindfully. Over a 24-hour period I tried a few out, including: ‌“Avoid early morning,” which asked me to try to delay the first moment when I engage with my phone each morning, and ‌“Post-It note on my phone screen,” to help me notice when and why I pick it up. ____48____ The first two cards — plus ‌“Avoid your inbox until afternoon” — worked well for me. Over two weeks, I practiced them each day and found myself feeling more positive about my relationship with technology, more able to exercise self-control when it came to my phone and more productive overall. I think these are habits I will return to regularly. ____49____ The ‌“Delay the urge to search” card was a spectacular fail, as I spent most of an entire day searching hotel reviews for an upcoming trip to the US. My favourite part of this experience has been using pen and paper to plan and take notes. Every time I sit down with the deck and my notebook, my two-year-old comes over, attracted by the bright colours on the cards. ____50____ That’s the habit I hope to keep. A. Other cards never quite stuck. B. I’ve found families are struggling to reset. C. Together, we spend 20 absorbed minutes sorting them by colour and dividing them into piles, time when neither of us is distracted by a screen. D. I was setting out to do one task but being sidetracked into something totally different. E. But what really matters day to day for you is how you feel that extra hour in your morning is best spent. F. The goal, says Gammer, is not to force yourself to change, but to try to build a new healthy habit, like less caffeine. 【答案】47. D 48. F 49. A 50. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者因无意识刷手机而感到疲惫，从而尝试“数字饮食”方法，通过使用Mind Over Tech的卡片进行实验，最终改善了与科技的关系并养成新习惯。 【47题详解】 上文“About five years ago, Gammer noticed that part of his mental disquiet came from having limited control over his attention when he used his phone.(大约五年前，Gammer注意到他内心不安的部分原因在于使用手机时对自己的注意力控制有限)”指出Gammer发现自己使用手机时注意力失控，D选项“I was setting out to do one task but being sidetracked into something totally different.(我本打算做一件事，却不知不觉被引到完全不同的方向)”承接上文，具体描述了注意力失控的表现——本想做一件事却被引到别处；下文“The product that grew out of Gammer’s wake-up call is a physical deck (堆) of 50 cards, each bearing bite-sized experiments to help users approach technology more mindfully.(Gammer觉醒后诞生的产品是一副50张的实体卡片，每张卡片上都有小型实验，帮助用户更有意识地使用科技)”进一步说明了这一发现催生出的解决方案，与D选项中的“being sidetracked”相呼应，上下文语意连贯。 【48题详解】 上文“Over a 24-hour period I tried a few out, including: ‌“Avoid early morning,” which asked me to try to delay the first moment when I engage with my phone each morning, and ‌“Post-It note on my phone screen,” to help me notice when and why I pick it up.(在24小时内，我尝试了几张卡片，包括：“避开清晨”，它要求我尽量推迟每天早上接触手机的第一个时刻，以及“在手机屏幕上贴便签”，帮助我注意到我何时以及为什么拿起手机)”介绍了作者尝试的具体卡片实验，F选项“The goal, says Gammer, is not to force yourself to change, but to try to build a new healthy habit, like less caffeine.(Gammer说，目标不是强迫自己改变，而是尝试建立一种新的健康习惯，比如少摄入咖啡因)”承接上文，点明了这些实验背后的理念——不是强迫改变，而是建立新习惯；下文“The first two cards — plus ‌“Avoid your inbox until afternoon” — worked well for me.(前两张卡片，加上“下午之前避开收件箱”，对我很有效)”说明了作者尝试这些卡片后的实际效果，与F选项中的“build a new healthy habit”相呼应。 【49题详解】 上文“Over two weeks, I practiced them each day and found myself feeling more positive about my relationship with technology, more able to exercise self-control when it came to my phone and more productive overall. I think these are habits I will return to regularly.(在两周的时间里，我每天都练习这些方法，发现自己对与科技的关系更加积极，在手机方面更能行使自我控制，整体上也更有效率。我认为这些是我会经常回归的习惯)”总结了作者坚持练习后的积极效果，A选项“Other cards never quite stuck.(其他卡片从未真正奏效)”与上文构成转折关系，指出并非所有卡片都有效；下文“The ‌“Delay the urge to search” card was a spectacular fail, as I spent most of an entire day searching hotel reviews for an upcoming trip to the US.(“延迟搜索冲动”那张卡片是彻底失败，因为我花了几乎一整天时间为即将到来的美国之旅搜索酒店评论)”具体举例说明了A选项中“其他卡片从未真正奏效”的情况，上下文语意连贯。 【50题详解】 上文“My favourite part of this experience has been using pen and paper to plan and take notes. Every time I sit down with the deck and my notebook, my two-year-old comes over, attracted by the bright colours on the cards.(这次经历中我最喜欢的部分是用纸笔做计划和记笔记。每次我坐下来拿着卡片和笔记本时，我两岁的孩子就会被卡片上鲜艳的颜色吸引过来)”描述了作者与孩子因卡片而互动的场景，C选项“Together, we spend 20 absorbed minutes sorting them by colour and dividing them into piles, time when neither of us is distracted by a screen.(我们一起花20分钟全神贯注地按颜色分类并把它们分成几堆，那段时间我们俩都没有被屏幕分心)”承接上文，具体描述了亲子互动的过程；下文“That’s the habit I hope to keep.(这就是我希望保持的习惯)”中的“That”指代C选项中描述的亲子互动习惯，上下文语意连贯。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Can we improve our memory? We’ve all been there — staring at a pile of books, desperately hoping that what we study will stick in our mind. Many of us have probably asked if there’s any way that we can get better at remembering things. So, why don’t we look at what memory experts say about this? Every student who has made flashcards knows that it can be helpful to go back over what they’ve studied before. According to The Learning Scientists — a group of cognitive scientists — we can learn things better if we wait for some time before trying to study them again. They say that trying to get something back from your memory after you have had some time to forget it will make it easier to remember in future. Similarly, David Robson, a columnist, highlights studies that show taking some time to just do nothing after studying might mean that you can remember things better afterwards. We don’t know exactly why this happens, but it has been suggested that it’s to do with the relationship between long-term and short-term memory. Another study tip from The Learning Scientists is to change between different topics as you study. They say this can help you build links between different ideas. Now linking ideas and relating them to each other or to images are often suggested as good ways to memorize something. Former world memory champion Jonathan Hancock highlights how picturing pieces of information in different physical locations or linking them to memorable images makes them easier to remember. Linking new information to things that are easier to remember is a technique that many people use — it could be making letter patterns into words called memories, or by sorting things into categories. So, the good news to take from this is that while it may be hard, improving our memory is something we can control. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Memory experts suggest several ways to improve memory. Waiting some time before re-studying material, taking breaks after studying, and changing between different topics during study sessions can help retain information. Linking ideas and using memorable images or locations for new information also enhance memory. Improving memory is within our control, making it possible to retain more effectively. 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍记忆专家提出的几种提高记忆力的方法，并指出改善记忆是我们可以掌控的。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①According to The Learning Scientists — a group of cognitive scientists — we can learn things better if we wait for some time before trying to study them again. ②They say that trying to get something back from your memory after you have had some time to forget it will make it easier to remember in future. ③Similarly, David Robson, a columnist, highlights studies that show taking some time to just do nothing after studying might mean that you can remember things better afterwards. ④Another study tip from The Learning Scientists is to change between different topics as you study. ⑤They say this can help you build links between different ideas. ⑥Former world memory champion Jonathan Hancock highlights how picturing pieces of information in different physical locations or linking them to memorable images makes them easier to remember. ⑦Linking new information to things that are easier to remember is a technique that many people use. ⑧So, the good news to take from this is that while it may be hard, improving our memory is something we can control. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2、3三个要点整合，说明间隔复习和适当休息有助于记忆；将第4、5两个要点整合，说明切换主题有助于建立联系；将第6、7两个要点整合，说明图像、位置联想可增强记忆；第8个要点作结论。 3. 遣词造句 Memory experts suggest several ways to improve memory. Waiting some time before re-studying material, taking breaks after studying, and changing between different topics during study sessions can help retain information. Linking ideas and using memorable images or locations for new information also enhance memory. Improving memory is within our control, making it possible to retain more effectively. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Waiting some time before re-studying material, taking breaks after studying, and changing between different topics during study sessions can help retain information. (运用了动名词短语作主语和并列结构说明间隔复习和适当休息有助于记忆。) [高分句型2] Improving memory is within our control, making it possible to retain more effectively. (运用了动名词短语作主语和现在分词短语作结果状语，对全文做出总结，句式高级。) IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 两位年轻人在户外活动的偏好上有所不同。(differ) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The two young people differ in their preferences for outdoor activities. 【解析】 【详解】“两位年轻人”表达为The two young people；“在……方面有所不同”表达为differ in；“户外活动的偏好”表达为their preferences for outdoor activities，用复数preferences对应主语两个人的不同偏好，用复数activities表示不止一项活动。该句子表述的是客观存在的事实差异，使用一般现在时，主语是复数，谓语动词用原形。 53. 我们需要补上前一周因为病假错过的课业。(make)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 We need to make up for the schoolwork we missed last week due to sick leave. 【解析】 【详解】表示“我们”用we，作主语。表示“需要做某事”用need to do sth.，不定式作宾语。表示“弥补”用make up for，位于不定式符号to后，用动词原形。表示“课业”用the schoolwork。表示“前一周因为病假错过的”用定语从句，从句主语用we，表示“前一周错过”用miss last week，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语用过去式missed；表示“因为病假”用due to sick leave；定语从句修饰先行词schoolwork，关系词在从句中作宾语，用that/which，也可省略。 54. 只要不对生态功能造成破坏，我们允许有限的人为活动。(damage）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 We allow limited human activities as long as the ecological functions are not damaged. 【解析】 【详解】“我们允许有限的人为活动”是主句，主语“我们”译为代词We，谓语“允许”译为动词allow，句子表述普遍规则，用一般现在时态，宾语“有限的人为活动”译为名词词组limited human activities；“只要不对生态功能造成破坏”是条件状语从句，用连词as long as引导，从句主语“生态功能”译为名词词组the ecological functions，结合提示词，谓语“造成破坏”用动词damage，与主语之间是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态are not damaged。 55. 研究人员应该谨慎对待数据分析，以确保结果有效可靠，而不是依赖任何可获得的信息。(whatever) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Researchers should be cautious about data analysis to ensure the results are valid and reliable, instead of relying on whatever information is available. 【解析】 【详解】“研究人员应该谨慎对待数据分析”是主句，主语“研究人员”译为名词Researchers，情态动词“应该”译为should，谓语“谨慎对待”译为动词短语be cautious about，宾语“数据分析”译为名词词组data analysis；“以确保结果有效可靠”作目的状语，译为动词不定式短语to ensure the results are valid and reliable，其中“the results are valid and reliable”是省略连词that的宾语从句；“而不是依赖任何可获得的信息”作状语，用介词短语instead of，宾语“依赖任何可获得的信息”译为动名词短语relying on whatever information is available，其中“whatever information is available”是宾语从句。 V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in about 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，你校计划设定每周三为高三年级的无作业日，并就这一做法听取高三学生意见。写一篇文章表达你的观点。内容包括： 1)你是否赞同这一措施（如是否需要无作业日，每周一天是否合适等）； 2)你的理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 As Li Ming, a senior student at Mingqi High School, I wholeheartedly support the proposal of a homework-free Wednesday for Grade 12. Firstly, the intense pressure of college entrance exams is undeniable. Having one day completely free from homework allows us to recharge, reducing stress and preventing burnout. Secondly, constantly doing homework isn’t always the most effective way to learn. A break provides valuable time to review weak areas independently, consolidate knowledge, or simply rest, which can boost overall efficiency for the rest of the week. Finally, Wednesday, positioned mid-week, is an ideal time for this reset. Therefore, I believe this weekly break is both necessary and well-timed. It offers crucial breathing space, ultimately contributing to our well-being and academic performance under immense pressure. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇文章表达对于高三年级的无作业日这一做法的观点以及说明理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 全心全意地：wholeheartedly→absorbedly 减少：reduce→lessen/decrease 不断地：constantly→ceaselessly 提高：boost→enhance 2.句式拓展 合并句子 原句：Therefore, I believe this weekly break is both necessary and well-timed. It offers crucial breathing space, ultimately contributing to our well-being and academic performance under immense pressure. 拓展句：Therefore, I believe this weekly break, which offers crucial breathing space, is both necessary and well-timed, ultimately contributing to our well-being and academic performance under immense pressure. 【点睛】【高分句型1】A break provides valuable time to review weak areas independently, consolidate knowledge, or simply rest, which can boost overall efficiency for the rest of the week.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】 It offers crucial breathing space, ultimately contributing to our well-being and academic performance under immense pressure.（运用了现在分词作状语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期 高三年级英语学科11月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Maximise your recycling Contrary to common belief, not all plastics can be recycled. A 2018 study from the University of Leeds found that only 16 per cent of household plastics ____1____ (collect) for recycling ended up being sent for processing. According to Dr Sharon George, lecturer in green technology and environmental sustainability at Keele University, many local authorities don’t have the facilities ____2____ (recycle) all types of plastic, and so much of the waste ends up being burnt in waste-to-energy plants instead. According to George, we need to make sure that the right things are getting recycled just ____3____ being a little bit careful. Plastic recycling ____4____ easily be contaminated (污染) with the wrong type of plastic. “A lot of waste gets rejected because it’s been contaminated with plastic or other materials ____5____ shouldn’t be in there,” George says. Food packaging is especially easy to contaminate. “This is a big reason the value of the waste goes down,” says George. “It can be contaminated by ____6____ (not wash) out.” Removing the contaminants from the rest of the material also ____7____ (cause) problems: according to an analysis of recycling contamination by analytics firm Croner-I, attempting to remove a single contaminant takes several kilograms of recyclable material along with ____8____. The biggest thing you can do is be aware of ____9____ can and can’t be recycled in your local area, says George. Don’t assume that something can be recycled just _____10_____ it’s plastic. “That definitely makes it worse. That can then potentially mean that a whole collection then gets rejected, and either burnt or sent to landfill,” she explains. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. clearance B. comprehensive C. conservation D. counted E. habitat F. mixed G. respectively H. stable I. surrounded J. sustainably K. undiscovered Orangutan (猩猩) numbers recover in well-managed forests An airborne survey of endangered orangutans in Sabah, the Malaysian state in the northeast of Borneo, has found that populations have stabilised within well-managed forests but are still in decline in areas with extensive palm oil plantations (棕榈油种植园). The study was carried out by the World Wide Fund for Nature and is the biggest, most ____11____ survey of orangutans in Borneo to date. The large areas of lowland forest in Sabah is the best ____12____ for orangutans. However, over the past 50 years extensive logging and land ____13____ for agriculture had led to a great decline in their numbers. The researchers surveyed an area almost 5,500 km wide. Based on the number of tree-borne nests ____14____ they estimate that there are almost 10,000 orangutans living in the area. This includes more than 1,500 previously ____15____ animals spread out in small groups. The majority of orangutans, around 5,550, were found living within ____16____ managed forests or in the central uplands away from the loggers. The numbers in this area have remained ____17____ since 2002, suggesting that conservation efforts are proving successful. In contrast, orangutan numbers in forests ____18____ by extensive areas of palm oil plantations have fallen by as much as 30 percent. “A recent survey on orangutan populations in Sabah, northeast Borneo showed a(n) ____19____ picture from different regions,” said the World Wide Fund for Nature’s Donna Simon. “However, overall the research shows that they have maintained the same numbers over the last 15 years and can remain so as long as proper _____20_____ measures continue to be put in place.” II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. It was 2011. I was in New Zealand for the first time, speaking at a literary festival about my most recent book. I was nervous. I was hungry for something ____21____. Something to make being this far away feel okay. I ____22____ the recently launched app, Google Now, on my phone. It read my location, the weather and time. It ____23____ that information with what it knew I liked based on past searches, and predicted what it thought I might like, based on search results of people similar to me. When I arrived at the ____24____ cafe, it was exactly in my comfort zone: exposed brickwork, lots of greenery, bare wood tables, Edison bulbs. I had to wait for a table, so I dived into a ____25____ that I’d brought along for the ride. Immediately, I started chatting about the book with the person next to me. He and his girlfriend had read it, and wasn’t it great, and where are you from... Soon, we discovered we knew the same person back in London. Small world, eh? You could enjoy the ____26____ of humans, or the determination of people to discover commonality. You might take another view, and think it’s ____27____, that there’s nowhere to escape the mobile middle classes. Or, you could say that I was a pioneer in a new land, ____28____ by geography. Author Kyle Chayka calls it the land of AirSpace. Chayka is a Brooklyn resident who made his first attempt into AirSpace around the same time as I did, when he stayed in an apartment in the heart of Copenhagen that was advertised on Airbnb as in the “Brooklyn-style”. He could’ve ____29____ somewhere else, but as he told me recently in an episode called Gentrification for BBC Radio 4’s Digital Human, he didn’t. And he thought it was _____30_____ that he could stay in a Brooklyn-style apartment in Stockholm, and drink coffee in cafes that looked the same — complete with cookie — but he did it. I do it. Maybe you do it too. While shifts in design are a thousand years old, Kyle argues that trends are now being distributed _____31_____ in dramatic ways, thanks to the importance we place on posting and sharing our surroundings on apps like Facebook, Pinterest, Foursquare and Instagram. The apps’ algorithms (算法) _____32_____ what we see, and so we all end up liking, desiring and sharing the same things. _____33_____ isn’t rewarded in AirSpace. While all this homogeneity (同质性) is not great if you’re looking for traditional tea pagodas in Tokyo, it’s _____34_____ for those who spend much of their time on the road and just want fast internet, strong coffee and other luxuries of home. But no algorithm could’ve _____35_____ that I’d make a programme about AirSpace, nine years after I first visited it... 21. A. concrete B. unusual C. serious D. familiar 22. A. loaded up B. made for C. set aside D. took in 23. A. shared B. compared C. accepted D. ended 24. A. maintained B. self-styled C. suggested D. well-managed 25. A. book B. cafe C. zone D. thought 26. A. preference B. evolution C. connectedness D. influence 27. A. important B. terrible C. impossible D. reasonable 28. A. protected B. divided C. identified D. unlimited 29. A. departed B. appeared C. worked D. chosen 30. A. natural B. ridiculous C. necessary D. straightforward 31. A. globally B. randomly C. locally D. inclusively 32. A. decide B. realize C. impress D. misinterpret 33. A. Standardization B. Uniqueness C. Determination D. Similarity 34. A. embarrassing B. progressive C. comforting D. distinctive 35. A. forgotten B. claimed C. explained D. predicted Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） I am chocolate, and have always been, a symbol of love, richness, and joy. Lucky kids wear me across their mouths and on their fingertips as a sign of ultimate childhood satisfaction. I’m the Valentine’s Day gift for celebrating romance. But prepare for your chocolate-loving hearts to break just a bit, folks. My life story is not entirely sweet. I am native to the equatorial regions of the Americas and have been round for several thousand years. I come from a small evergreen tree that grows football-shaped pods (荚) — not on its branches, like most fruit trees, but on the trunk. The pods have leathery skins that cover a sweet-sour flesh and house roughly 40 seeds each. I was likely first grown 5,000 years ago in current-day Ecuador — for something like wine. (Yes, my flesh can be made into an alcoholic drink.) But soon enough, my seeds — cacao beans — became the forever focus. The Mayans, among others, made them into cocoa flour and mixed with water to make a drink. One early European colonizer who tasted the mix said I was “more a drink for pigs than a drink for humanity.” In time, he grew to enjoy the drink, eating his words as noblemen across Europe took to drinking a similar mixture made with rose water, egg yolks, or almonds. Beyond satisfying the early human sweet tooth, cacao beans have turned out to be full of compounds, like fiber, antioxidants, monounsaturated fat, and flavanols, which 21st-century humans know are important to overall health. To be perfectly honest, however, I didn’t really become a treat for the masses as a result of technology. To this day, I am a product of labor and hardship. Since my pods ripen at irregular times and are attached to my tree by a delicate stem that would be damaged by a machine, all my harvesting and processing must be done by hand. Much of the mass-market chocolate you buy at the grocers is produced by the more than 2 million 12-to-18-year-old West African children who travel alone across borders to labor, often not paid at all, for cacao farmers in Ivory Coast and Ghana, the biggest chocolate-growing countries in the world. If you’ve lost your sweet tooth at the thought of this background, there are ways to consume me with a freer conscience. Look for labels on chocolate that indicate ethical labor standards. 36. Which of the following statements is true of chocolate? A. The pods grew on the tree branches. B. Only the flesh was made into a drink at first. C. People loved it because of the shape of the pods. D. It was European colonizers who brought it to America. 37. What does the phrase “eating his words” (paragraph 3) most probably mean? A. admitting he was wrong B. predicting what would happen C. promising he would take action D. finding an excuse for his behaviour 38. What does the writer imply about the production of chocolate? A. Technology has raised its production efficiency. B. Cacao farmers depend on the weather for the harvest. C. Much of chocolate is still produced in an unethical way. D. New machinery has been developed to produce chocolate 39. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Sweet, but with a Dark Side B. Exploring the Health Benefits of Cocoa C. The Art and Science of Chocolate’s Production D. A Sweet Affair with Irresistible Temptation （B） A Crash Course in Commencement Speeches Why is it called a “commencement speech”? The historical answer is that students in medieval times entered universities as apprentices (学徒) and left able to “commence” their professions. The word commencement isn’t the only thing passed down from graduation ceremonies of the past. We’ve also kept the caps, the gowns, and, yes, the speeches. The earliest commencement speakers were graduating students who delivered their speeches in Latin. At Princeton University, the senior chosen to give the opening address still does it in Latin. The graduates receive special copies of the speech with instructions — in English — on when to laugh, in the hope that the rest of the audience will be impressed with the students’ Latin “fluency.” Many colleges extend invitations to potential speakers a year or more in advance, but securing a speaker early doesn’t make a school escape a last-minute scramble. Just a month before its 2015 ceremony, Temple University announced that ESPN anchor Kevin Negandhi would give the commencement address in place of the school’s original pick-Bill Cosby. You don’t have to be human to give a graduation speech. Kermit the Frog gave the commencement address at Southampton College in 1996 and received an honorary doctorate in “Amphibious Letters” from the school. In 2012 at the University of Vermont, Tom Kenny and Bill Fagerbakke delivered their speech as a dialogue between their better-known characters, SpongeBob SquarePants and Patrick Star. One of the most celebrated commencement speakers of late was billionaire investor Robert F. Smith, who gave the address at Morehouse College in 2019. Smith offered more than just words of encouragement. He promised to pay off the student debt of all 396 graduates. Months later, Smith announced he would also foot the bill for the federal student loans their parents had taken out. 40. Where are you most likely to hear a commencement speech? A. At a university’s alumni gathering. B. At a university’s opening ceremony. C. At a university‘s graduation ceremony. D. At a university’s scholar-awarding ceremony. 41. The word “scramble” (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to “_______”. A. promise B. change C. rumor D. conclusion 42. Which of the following statements is true of “commencement speeches”? A. They are still delivered in Latin at Princeton University. B. They are usually given by graduating students. C. The speakers can be non-human characters. D. The speakers often make some promises. （C） In 2003, in Bremen, Germany, astronomer Seth Shostak gave a lecture. “I bet everybody in the audience a cup of Starbucks that we would find E.T. within two dozen years,” he told a new audience in October. Shostak is senior astronomer at the Center for SETI Research based in Mountain View, Calif. SETI stands for “Search for Extra-terrestrial Intelligence (ETI)” of course, as the millions who have loaned out their home computer time for the SETI@home project know. He mentioned the bet at a session on the current state of the search for any signs of alien intelligence at the World Conference of Science Journalists in the San Francisco Bay Area. “To have some reasonable chance of success,” Shostak said, “you’d have to look at at least a million star systems.” Which may be possible within the coffee challenge’s timeframe, thanks to $100 million from Russian physicist and entrepreneur Yuri Milner in 2015 to establish what is called Breakthrough Listen — an effort to use multiple radio and telescopes to survey the million stars closest to us. Shostak thinks his Bremen audience comes out ahead either way. “Because either [by 2027] a signal has been found and you have something to talk about at lunch — or you get a cup of coffee. You can’t lose.” But what about sending out messages inviting contact with intelligent aliens rather than just listening for signals? “I think the risks outweigh the benefits,” said Dan Werthimer, chief scientist at the Berkeley SETI Research Center, which oversees Breakthrough Listen. “When advanced civilizations come in contact with less advanced civilizations, it hasn’t been good on Earth. So I think there’s a lot of risk.” But Shostak thinks we already might have attracted somebody’s attention: “The kind of equipment that we have today is within four orders of magnitude of being able to detect radars on nearby worlds, within a few tens of light-years. Now this speed of increase in the collecting area of radio telescopes on Earth is roughly two orders of magnitude per century... That means that any society that’s at least 200 years more advanced than we are has equipment that can pick up SFO, alright? That’s the local airport for those of you from out of town. So... if you really think there’s a potential of killing seven billion people because the aliens get ticked off by hearing I Love Lucy and send their interstellar battlewagons here to wipe us out…, you better turn them off forever. And to me, that doesn’t sound like a good idea.” 43. According to Seth Shostak, what conditions would be required for a reasonable chance of success in finding ETI? A. We survey at least a million star systems. B. We communicate more actively with aliens. C. We understand the coffee challenge’s timeframe. D. We search far more star systems than we can see. 44. What does Seth Shostak suggest about the technological capabilities of advanced extraterrestrial civilizations? A. They are unlikely to have technology to get our signals. B. Their technology could easily detect our signals. C. Their technology is far inferior to ours. D. They show no interest in our signals. 45. What can be learned about Seth Shostak and Dan Werthimer from the passage? A. They disagree on whether to send out messages inviting contact with ETI. B. They disagree on whether enough has been done to look for intelligent aliens. C. They both think that we may have caught the attention of advanced civilizations. D. They both think that we should wait for ETI to find us instead of searching for them. 46. What is the passage mainly about? A. The creation of the Breakthrough Listen project. B. A bet made decades ago about whether ETI can be located. C. The ongoing efforts and debates surrounding the search for ETI. D. The capabilities of current equipment to detect signals from nearby worlds. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Need a digital diet? Here’s what worked for me I was having a desirable weekday lie-in when my four-year-old bounded in to inform me it was time to get dressed. Shocked to find I had wasted nearly two hours scrolling mindlessly through my phone instead of resting, I got out of bed feeling more mentally exhausted than on mornings when I get up at dawn. Thinking about what sort of digital diet to put myself on, I came across Mind Over Tech, founded by web developer Jonathan Gammer. About five years ago, Gammer noticed that part of his mental disquiet came from having limited control over his attention when he used his phone. ____47____. The product that grew out of Gammer’s wake-up call is a physical deck (副) of 50 cards, each bearing bite-sized experiments to help users approach technology more mindfully. Over a 24-hour period I tried a few out, including: ‌“Avoid early morning,” which asked me to try to delay the first moment when I engage with my phone each morning, and ‌“Post-It note on my phone screen,” to help me notice when and why I pick it up. ____48____ The first two cards — plus ‌“Avoid your inbox until afternoon” — worked well for me. Over two weeks, I practiced them each day and found myself feeling more positive about my relationship with technology, more able to exercise self-control when it came to my phone and more productive overall. I think these are habits I will return to regularly. ____49____ The ‌“Delay the urge to search” card was a spectacular fail, as I spent most of an entire day searching hotel reviews for an upcoming trip to the US. My favourite part of this experience has been using pen and paper to plan and take notes. Every time I sit down with the deck and my notebook, my two-year-old comes over, attracted by the bright colours on the cards. ____50____ That’s the habit I hope to keep. A. Other cards never quite stuck. B. I’ve found families are struggling to reset. C. Together, we spend 20 absorbed minutes sorting them by colour and dividing them into piles, time when neither of us is distracted by a screen. D. I was setting out to do one task but being sidetracked into something totally different. E. But what really matters day to day for you is how you feel that extra hour in your morning is best spent. F. The goal, says Gammer, is not to force yourself to change, but to try to build a new healthy habit, like less caffeine. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Can we improve our memory? We’ve all been there — staring at a pile of books, desperately hoping that what we study will stick in our mind. Many of us have probably asked if there’s any way that we can get better at remembering things. So, why don’t we look at what memory experts say about this? Every student who has made flashcards knows that it can be helpful to go back over what they’ve studied before. According to The Learning Scientists — a group of cognitive scientists — we can learn things better if we wait for some time before trying to study them again. They say that trying to get something back from your memory after you have had some time to forget it will make it easier to remember in future. Similarly, David Robson, a columnist, highlights studies that show taking some time to just do nothing after studying might mean that you can remember things better afterwards. We don’t know exactly why this happens, but it has been suggested that it’s to do with the relationship between long-term and short-term memory. Another study tip from The Learning Scientists is to change between different topics as you study. They say this can help you build links between different ideas. Now linking ideas and relating them to each other or to images are often suggested as good ways to memorize something. Former world memory champion Jonathan Hancock highlights how picturing pieces of information in different physical locations or linking them to memorable images makes them easier to remember. Linking new information to things that are easier to remember is a technique that many people use — it could be making letter patterns into words called memories, or by sorting things into categories. So, the good news to take from this is that while it may be hard, improving our memory is something we can control. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 两位年轻人在户外活动的偏好上有所不同。(differ) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________ 53. 我们需要补上前一周因为病假错过的课业。(make)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________ 54. 只要不对生态功能造成破坏，我们允许有限的人为活动。(damage）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________ 55. 研究人员应该谨慎对待数据分析，以确保结果有效可靠，而不是依赖任何可获得的信息。(whatever) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in about 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，你校计划设定每周三为高三年级的无作业日，并就这一做法听取高三学生意见。写一篇文章表达你的观点。内容包括： 1)你是否赞同这一措施（如是否需要无作业日，每周一天是否合适等）； 2)你的理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $