精品解析：北京市第二十中学2025-2026学年第一学期12月月考高一英语试题

北京市第二十中学2025-2026学年第一学期12月月考试题 高一英语 2025.12 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 It Runs in the Family My childhood had its ups and downs, but with my mom, who was so supportive, I was destined to succeed in life. She never ____1____any of my school events. When I graduated from college, I was selected to give the commencement address(毕业演讲). Just like old time, my mother listened to my____2____ over and over again. That reminded me of a time when I used to be___3___by my mother. She always laughed just too loud. I respected my mother, but just wanted her to be more like normal mothers and less____4____.During my speech in a statewide speech contest, she moved her lips as if she was coaching me. I worried other people would think she was talking to herself. By the time I made it to the finals, I had given my mother strict conditions. I instructed her not to mouth the words to my speech. And I_____5_____ under no circumstances should she Jump up and down and make whooping noises if I won. This was the final speech contest, and we had to look the part. When I took to the stage and delivered my presentation, one of the most flawless performances of my 16 years on earth, I realized my mother was sitting with her face turned toward the door rather than the stage-obeying my orders. I realized that she knew all the words to my speech--just to show her____6____for me. Suddenly, I knew then that I had no desire to win without my mother seeing it and____7____in whatever way she wanted to. Near the end of my speech, I walked onto the main floor. I wanted Momma's____8____. My mother never moved, desperately trying to do what I had asked her to do: Be someone else. While the rest of the crowd rose to their feet in a standing ovation, Momma was____9____. When they handed me the scholarship money, Momma allowed herself to simply smile. Without our traditional crazy celebration, my_____10_____felt empty. At that moment, I realized you can't enjoy where you are going if you deny where you are from. I let Momma know from that moment on she could whoop and holler and be herself. 1. A. visited B. missed C. delayed D. cared 2. A. request B. story C. speech D. lecture 3. A. confused B. embarrassed C. surprised D. disappointed 4. A. dizzy B. messy C. crazy D. busy 5. A. warned B. informed C. promised D. complained 6. A. respect B. support C. patience D. curiosity 7. A. coaching B. performing C. participating D. celebrating 8. A. attention B. instruction C. affection D. impression 9. A. afraid B. sad C. still D. bored 10. A. dream B. fortune C. effort D. victory 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了成长过程中，妈妈给予自己的支持与付出，期间作者还嫌弃过妈妈的一些做法，后来认识到自己错了，表示感恩。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她从来没有错过我学校的任何活动。A. visited参观访问；B. missed思念，错过；C. delayed耽搁，延迟；D. cared重视，关心。根据上文“with my mom, who was so supportive, I was destined to succeed in life.（我妈妈非常支持我。我命中注定要成功）”可知，妈妈对我是支持的，结合全文，作者的演讲比赛，妈妈都在现场，所以此处应表示妈妈从未缺席过我的学校活动。故选B项。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像以前一样，妈妈一遍又一遍地听我的演讲。A. request请求，要求；B. story故事；C. speech讲演；D. lecture授课，讲座。根据第四空后“During my speech …”可知，是我在演讲准备阶段妈妈一遍一遍听我演讲。speech表示“演讲”，注重语言的口才表达；lecture表示“演讲”注重知识性，以教育为目的。故选C项。 【3题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那使我想起了以前我为妈妈感到难堪的时候。A. confused困惑的；B. embarrassed尴尬的；C. surprised感到奇怪的；D. disappointed失望的。根据下文“She always laughed just too loud. I respected my mother, but just wanted her to be more like normal mothers and less4____.During my speech in a statewide speech contest, she moved her lips as if she was coaching me. I worried other people would think she was talking to herself.（她总是笑得太大声。我尊重我的母亲，但只是希望她更像普通的母亲，不要那么疯狂。我在一次全州演讲比赛中演讲时，她动了动嘴唇，好像在指导我。我担心别人会认为她在自言自语。）”可知，我觉得妈妈的反应有些与众不同，担心别人认为她不正常，我应该是感觉很尴尬。故选B项。 【4题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我尊重我的母亲，但只是希望她更像普通的母亲，不要那么疯狂。A. dizzy头晕的；B. messy混乱的；C. crazy疯狂的；D. busy繁忙的。根据上文“She always laughed just too loud.（她总是笑声那么大）”及下文“And I__5____ under no circumstances should she Jump up and down and make whooping noises if I won.（我警告她，如果我赢了，她决不能跳上跳下，大声喊叫。）”可知，我觉得我演讲时，妈妈在台下的反应是太疯狂了。故选C项。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我警告她，如果我赢了，她决不能跳上跳下，大声喊叫。 A. warned警告；B. informed告知；C. promised承诺；D. complained抱怨，投诉。根据上文“…but just wanted her to be more like normal mothers and less crazy .（但只是希望她更像普通的母亲，不要那么疯狂。）”及空后“under no circumstances should she Jump up and down and make whooping noises if I won（如果我赢了，她无论如何都不能跳上跳下，大声喊叫。）”可知，我认为妈妈之前的行为有些疯狂，我感到尴尬。所以此处应该是警告妈妈，不要那样了。故选A项。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我意识到她知道我演讲的全部内容—只是为了表示她对我的支持。A. respect尊敬；B. support支持；C. patience耐心；D. curiosity好奇心。妈妈陪女儿演讲，背下来女儿的全部的演讲稿，是对女儿的支持。故选B项。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然间，我明白了，如果没有我妈妈观看并以她想要的任何方式庆祝，我是不会想赢的。A. coaching训练；B. performing表演，表现；C. participating参与；D. celebrating庆祝。根据第五空后“I warned under no circumstances should she Jump up and down and make whooping noises if I won.( 我警告她如果我赢了，她无论如何都不能跳上跳下，大声喊叫。)”可知，以往我获胜时，妈妈很兴奋的大喊大叫，这次妈妈很安静，我却觉得失落空虚。可知没有了妈妈的支持和庆祝，我就不会这么努力，可能就不会赢。故选D项。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想引起妈妈的注意。A. attention注意； B. instruction知道，说明；C. affection喜爱，感情；D. impression印象。根据上文“I realized my mother was sitting with her face turned toward the door rather than the stage-obeying my orders.”妈妈按我嘱咐，一直没有看向舞台及“Suddenly, I knew then that I had no desire to win without my mother seeing it and_7____in whatever way she wanted to.”那一刻我突然明白，没有妈妈的欣赏和庆祝，我就没有了赢的欲望。及空前“Near the end of my speech, I walked onto the main floor.”我走到那里去是为了得到妈妈的注意，因为之前妈妈一直没有看舞台。故选A项。 【9题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当其他的人站起来为我鼓掌时，妈妈仍然不动。A. afraid害怕的；B. sad难过的；C. still静止不动的；D. bored厌烦的。根据空前“…the rest of the crowd rose to their feet…”可知，其他观众们都站起来为我鼓掌，而妈妈还是在遵守我的嘱咐，保持不动，形容词still“静止不动”符合语境。故选C项。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有我们传统的疯狂庆祝，我的胜利感到空虚。A. dream梦想；B. fortune运气，财富；C. effort努力，付出；D. victory胜利。根据倒数第三段首“…, one of the most flawless performances of my 16 years on earth,（十六年来，最完美无缺的表演之一）”及“the rest of the crowd rose to their feet in a standing ovation,”“ When they handed me the scholarship money”可知，此次演讲胜利了，可是妈妈按我的要求没有像以前一样，疯狂庆祝，所以，我觉得我的胜利有种空虚的感觉。故选D项。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A 阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空,在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Seven years ago, Steve lost his beloved dog Wolfgang. In memory of it, he began to adopt dogs who had been in their last few years. He ____11____(choose) to rescue these senior dogs because they otherwise wouldn't have had a home. When____12____(ask) how he could bear to adopt senior dog, Steve answered, “These abandoned animals need love, and they also have a lot of love to give, _____13_____is just one of the things these dogs wish you knew.” 【答案】11. chose 12. asked 13. which 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。七年前，Steve去了他心爱的狗狗Wolfgang。为了纪念它，他开始收养那些已经奄奄一息的老年狗的故事。 【11题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：他选择拯救这些老年狗，因为不这样做的话它们就没有家了。根据上文“Seven years ago”可知事情发生在七年前，应用一般过去时。故填chose。 【12题详解】 考查省略句。句意：当被问及他如何能忍受收养老年狗时，Steve回答说，“这些被遗弃的动物需要爱，它们也有很多爱可以给予，这正是这些狗希望你知道的事情之一。” 在when引导的时间状语从句中，从句主语和主句主语一致且含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，从句完整形式为“When he was asked how he could bear to adopt senior dog”，相当于省略了he was。故填asked。 【13题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：当被问及他如何能忍受收养老年狗时，Steve回答说，“这些被遗弃的狗狗需要爱，它们也有很多爱可以给予，这正是这些狗希望你知道的事情之一。”此处为非限制性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，从句中缺少主语，故应用关系代词which引导，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 For many years, researchers ____14____ (try) to find out the magic of reading. According to an article in Scientific American, researchers have found evidence that literary fiction improves a reader’s ability to understand ____15____ others are thinking about. And the article further ____16____ (argue) that literary fiction can teach us values about social behavior, such as the importance of understanding those who are different from ourselves. The results of this study suggest that people who love reading can ____17____ (well) put themselves in someone else’s shoes. 【答案】14. have tried##have been trying 15. what 16. argues 17. better 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍研究发现文学小说能够提升读者理解他人想法的能力，还可以教会我们社交行为相关的价值观，爱阅读的人更能换位思考。 【14题详解】 考查时态。句意：多年来，研究人员一直试图弄清楚阅读的魔力。时间状语For many years表示动作从过去持续到现在，可用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时，主语researchers是复数，用have tried或have been trying。 【15题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：据《科学美国人》上的一篇文章称，研究人员发现证据表明，文学小说能够提高读者理解别人正在想什么的能力。动词understand后接宾语从句，从句中介词about缺少宾语，表示“什么”，用连接代词what。 【16题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该文章进一步提出，文学小说可以教会我们关于社交行为的价值观，例如理解那些和我们不一样的人的重要性。陈述文章的客观内容用一般现在时，主语the article是单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式argues。 【17题详解】 考查副词比较级。句意：这项研究的结果表明，喜爱阅读的人能够更好地换位思考。结合语境，这里暗含和不爱阅读的人对比，well的比较级是better。 C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A team of international ____18____ (scientist) announced that they discovered a group of dinosaur footprints in Tibet Autonomous Region in China. The team, which consists of experts ____19____ China, the United States and Germany, found about 99 footprints in that area. According to their findings in the academic journal Historical Biology, these footprints, ____20____ (range) from 22 cm to 99.3 cm in length, are believed to have been left by large, medium and small-sized sauropods (蜥脚龙) dating back to the Middle Jurassic period. 【答案】18. scientists 19. from 20. ranging 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍一支由多国专家组成的科考团队在中国西藏自治区发现了一批恐龙足迹，介绍了足迹的数量、尺寸以及所属恐龙种类和年代信息。 【18题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：一组国际科学家宣布，他们在中国西藏自治区发现了一批恐龙足迹。a team of 后接可数名词复数，scientist的复数形式是scientists。 【19题详解】 考查介词。句意：这支由来自中国、美国和德国的专家组成的团队，在该区域发现了大约99个足迹。此处表示“来自”，用介词from。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：根据他们发表在学术期刊《历史生物学》上的研究结果，这些足迹长度在22厘米至99.3厘米之间，被认为是中侏罗世时期大型、中型和小型蜥脚龙留下的。句中已有谓语动词are believed，空处需填非谓语动词，these footprints和range之间是主动关系，用现在分词ranging作后置定语。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节 阅读选择（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Institutions and individuals can subscribe to Journal of Science (JS) either by print or online. Ordering Procedures Both institutions and individuals can complete their order form and submit payment to start their print and/or online subscription. Those who choose the print version receive access to the online service as well. They may also subscribe to online-only access to JS. Once the publisher has received payment, the institution or individual will begin receiving the print journal if they order the print option. They will receive an e-mail with instructions for obtaining access to the online edition. The e-mail will direct them to an online form. They will be asked to provide the following information necessary to activate their subscription to JS: Institutions ·Contact name, title, phone, fax, and email ·Customer number (received via email) ·Institution's IP Address(es) Individuals ·A username and password that you can easily remember ·Your name, phone number, and email address ·Your customer number (received via email) With their subscription, they will receive 10 issues per year of the JS in addition to access to tables of contents, abstracts, full text searching, full text display, and PDFs, full access to all posted back content to 1860, for as long as the subscription is active. For institutions, access is limited to computers within a particular set of Internet IP addresses. Individuals will enjoy the advantage of having password access to JS from any device connected to the Internet. Without a subscription, access to tables of contents and abstracts is available. Cost of Subscriptions 2022 Rates Individual online-only Individual print+online Student online-only Student print+online Institution online-only Institution print+online U.S. $80 $90 $40 $50 $240 $250 Foreign $80 $90+ $35 Postage $40 $50+ $35 Postage $240 $250+ $35 Postage Purchasing Individual Issues or Articles You can purchase access to individual JS issues or articles. Browse through our current online content or our archive (going back to 1860), select the article you want access to, and click Add to Cart. You will be prompted to create an account at this time if you don't already have one. Purchases can be made by visiting our online store: https://epay.ustore.edu/js. 21. What is the procedure for online-only subscription? ①complete an order form ②receive an email with instructions ③activate the subscription ④submit payment A. ③①②④ B. ①④②③ C. ①④③② D. ④①②③ 22. How much does it cost a student in Beijing to subscribe to both print and online versions of JS 2022? A. $80. B. $85. C. $90. D. $125. 23. What can we learn from the passage? A. Those who subscribe to the print version have no access to online service. B. Individual articles are not available unless you make a yearly subscription. C. There is no limit on Internet IP addresses for either institutions or individuals. D. People have access to tables of contents and abstracts even without subscription. 【答案】21. B 22. B 23. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章讲述了机构和个人可以选择印刷版或在线订阅《科学杂志》，以及订阅操作方式。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段Ordering Procedures标题下“Both institutions and individuals can complete their order form and submit payment to start their print and/or online subscription. Those who choose the print version receive access to the online service as well. They may also subscribe to online-only access to JS. Once the publisher has received payment, the institution or individual will begin receiving the print journal if they order the print option. They will receive an e-mail with instructions for obtaining access to the online edition. The e-mail will direct them to an online form. They will be asked to provide the following information necessary to activate their subscription to JS:(机构和个人均可填写订购表格并提交付款，以开始打印和/或在线订阅。那些选择打印版本的人也可以使用在线服务。他们也可以订阅在线访问。一旦出版商收到付款，机构或个人将开始收到印刷期刊，如果他们订购印刷选项。他们将收到一封电子邮件，说明如何获得在线版本。电子邮件会把他们引向一个在线表格。他们将被要求提供以下必要的信息来激活他们的JS订阅)”可知网上订阅的流程是：提交订购表格→付款→收到邮件→激活订阅；故选B。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据Cost of Subscriptions标题下：Student print + online栏目下，可知，北京学生的印刷帮及网络版订阅费用=包括产品费用$50+运费$35=$85。故选B。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据Individuals部分最后一段最后一句“Without a subscription, access to tables of contents and abstracts is available.(不需要订阅，就可以访问目录和摘要表)”。故选D。 B Surfer Dudes to the Rescue! About 50 feet from shore of the Northern California’s Trinidad State Beach, two brothers were fighting for their lives. They had been swept out to sea in a rip current (激流), their mouths barely able to stay above the water. Thick fog made it difficult for beachgoers to see the guys, but the screams were unmistakable. And every second counted. The brothers, ages 15 and 20, were wearing shorts and T-shirts, unsuitable for a November day, let alone the freezing water. Keven Harder, a supervising ranger (巡查员), told the North Coast Journal in nearby Eureka that swimming in such a temperature “takes the fight right out of you.” Luckily, four surfers in wet suits were nearby. Narayan Weibel, Spenser Stratton, and Adrian York, all 16, along with Taj Ortiz-Beck, 15, were on their surfboards riding up and down the coast on five-foot waves when they heard the cries. They turned and saw two bobbing heads and four struggling arms. “We looked at each other and knew these guys were about to drown,” Weibel told the Washington Post. Weibel, Stratton, and Ortiz-Beck paddled toward the distressed swimmers while York headed to shore to warn someone to call 911. He then dived back in to help his friends. As the surfers drew close, the brothers were still fighting hard for their lives. “It was pretty stressful, but there wasn’t any time to think about it, and that helped me keep my cool,” Ortiz-Beck says. Ortiz-Beck pulled up alongside the younger brother. Grabbing him under his arms, he raised him up onto his board. Stratton and Weibel, meanwhile, hurried to help the older brother. He was large, 250 to 300 pounds, and he was panicked. “I told them, ‘Calm down — we got you!’” says Weibel. “They thought they were going to die.” York arrived in time to help get the older brother atop the second board. The surfers then paddled several minutes through choppy water to the medical help waiting onshore. The brothers were scared but fine. “When we get a call like this one, it’s usually too late by the time we get there,” says Dillon Cleavenger, a first responder. “I can’t say enough about what these boys did. They were willing and prepared to risk their lives.” 24. What can we know from the first paragraph? A. Two brothers were almost drowned in the sea. B. Beachgoers happened to meet the two brothers. C. The supervising ranger warned them not to swim then. D. Surfers barely wore T-shirts and shorts in such weather. 25. What were the four boys doing when they heard the screams? A. Swimming in a rip current. B. Surfing on high waves. C. Struggling with their arms to shore. D. Practising diving in the sea. 26. Which of the following words can best describe the four surfers? A. Hardworking and friendly. B. Kind and humorous. C. Devoted and talented. D. Brave and determined. 【答案】24. A 25. B 26. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了加州北海岸，两兄弟被离岸激流卷进海里，在冰冷海水中遇险。四名正在冲浪的少年听到呼救，分工施救：一人上岸报 911，其余三人用冲浪板把兄弟俩救起，成功送回岸边，救援人员称赞他们勇敢。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“About 50 feet from shore of the Northern California’s Trinidad State Beach, two brothers were fighting for their lives. They had been swept out to sea in a rip current (激流), their mouths barely able to stay above the water.(在北加利福尼亚特立尼达州海滩离岸边约50英尺的地方，两兄弟正在拼命挣扎。他们被离岸流卷进海里，嘴巴勉强才能露出水面。)”可知，这两兄弟当时命悬一线，差点在海里淹死。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Narayan Weibel, Spenser Stratton, and Adrian York, all 16, along with Taj Ortiz-Beck, 15, were on their surfboards riding up and down the coast on five-foot waves when they heard the cries.(Narayan Weibel、Spenser Stratton、Adrian York三人均16岁，还有 15岁的Taj Ortiz-Beck，当时正踩着冲浪板，在5英尺高的浪上沿着海岸来回冲浪，就在这时他们听到了呼救声。)”可知，这四个男孩当时正在冲浪。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段内容““It was pretty stressful, but there wasn’t any time to think about it, and that helped me keep my cool,” Ortiz-Beck says.(Ortiz-Beck说：“当时情况十分紧张，但没时间多想，反倒让我保持了冷静。”)”以及末尾段落内容““When we get a call like this one, it’s usually too late by the time we get there,” says Dillon Cleavenger, a first responder. “I can’t say enough about what these boys did. They were willing and prepared to risk their lives.”(“当我们接到这样的电话时，等我们赶到，通常已经太晚了，”急救人员Dillon Cleavenger说，“这些男孩所做的事，我怎么说都不为过。他们愿意并已经做好了冒着生命危险去做的准备。”)”可以推断出，这四个男孩非常勇敢（brave）且果断坚定（determined）。 C Most people have been taught that losing weight is a matter of simple math. Cut calories—specifically 3,500 calories, and you’ll lose a pound. But as it turns out, experts are learning that this decades-old strategy is actually pretty misguided. “This idea of ‘a calorie in and a calorie out’ when it comes to weight loss is not only outdated, it’s just wrong,” says Dr. Fatima Cody Stanford, an obesity specialist at Harvard Medical School. The truth is that even careful calorie calculations don’t always yield(产生) uniform results. How your body burns calories depends on a number of factors. Three factors affect how your body processes calories. Your gut microbiome (肠道微生物). Trillions of organisms live in your gut, and the important types may influence how many calories your body absorbs from food. This may occur because some types of organisms are able to break down and use more calories from certain foods than other types of organisms. Researchers have found that people who are naturally thin have different types of organisms living inside them than those who are overweight. Your metabolism (新陈代谢). Each body has a “set point” that governs weight, says Dr. Stanford. This set point reflects several factors, including your genes, your environment, and your behaviors. A region at the base of your brain stands guard to keep your body weight from dipping below that set point—which is not really a bonus if you’re trying to lose weight. The type of food you eat. Your food choices may also influence your calorie intake, and not just because of their specific calorie content. One 2019 study published in Cell Metabolism found that eating processed foods seems to spur people to eat more calories compared with eating unprocessed foods. If counting calories isn’t a dependable way to manage your weight, what can you do to shed extra pounds? Dr. Stanford recommends the following. Focus on diet quality. When planning your meals, focus on choosing unprocessed foods, including lean meats, whole grains, and lots of fruits and vegetables in their natural form. Exercise regularly. Aim to get at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise each week. Moderate exercise is done at a level where you can talk, but not sing. Consult a professional. “A lot of people believe it’s a moral failing if they are unable to lose weight,” says Dr. Stanford. But it’s not. As with other medical conditions, many people will need help from a doctor. Successful weight loss may require more than just diet and exercise. “Only 2% of people who meet the criteria for the use of anti-obesity medications actually get them. This means that 98% of people who could be treated aren’t,” she says, “Don’t be afraid to seek help if you need it.” 27. What can we infer from Paragraph 1? A. Old theories actually mislead us. B. Losing weight lies in losing calorie. C. Calorie calculations lead to good results. D. Losing weight by losing calorie is outdated. 28. The processing of calories is affected by how you ______. A. choose the types of food you consume B. focus on the quality of your diet C. adjust your brain to the “set point” D. reduce the organisms living in your gut 29. The underlined word “shed” in Paragraph 6 means “______”. A. weigh B. produce C. lose D. cost 30. It is implied in the passage that ______. A. cutting calories is essential for weight loss B. losing weight can be double-edged C. healthy eating keeps you losing weight D. a healthy lifestyle is key to weight loss 【答案】27. A 28. A 29. C 30. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了事实证明传统的减肥策略是一种误导，并介绍了燃烧卡路里的三方面因素及斯坦福博士对减肥的三条建议。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第一段第三句“But as it turns out, experts are learning that this decades-old strategy is actually pretty misguided.”（但事实证明，专家们正在了解到，这种数十年之久的策略实际上在指导性上是错误的。）可推知，A项（旧的理论实际上误导了我们。）是正确的。所以从第一自然段我们可以推断出旧的理论实际上误导了我们，故选A项。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第二段第二句“Three factors affect how your body processes calories.”（有三个因素影响你的身体如何处理卡路里）及下面列举的三个因素“Your gut microbiome (肠道微生物).”（你的肠道微生物）；“Your metabolism (新陈代谢).”（你的新陈代谢）；“The type of food you eat.”（你吃的食物类型）；再结合四个选项可知处理卡路里受你选择食物种类的影响。故选A项。 【29题详解】 猜测词义题。由文章第六段前半句“If counting calories isn’t a dependable way to manage your weight,”（如果计算卡路里不是控制体重的可靠方法）可推知后半句“what can you do to shed extra pounds?”（那么你能做些什么来减掉多余的体重呢?）。所以shed是减掉的意思，即A. weigh重; B. produce产生; C. lose失去,减掉；D. cost花费，故选C项。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。由文章倒数第四自然段“Dr. Stanford recommends the following.”（斯坦福建议如下博士）和最后三段的三个中心句“Focus on diet quality.”（注重饮食质量。）；“Exercise regularly.”（定期锻炼。）；“Consult a professional.”（请教专业人士。）可知，文章中暗示健康的生活方式是减肥的关键。故选D项。 【点睛】做推理判断题时一定记住是在原文基础是的推理，切忌原词原句的表达。如第1小题，同学们很容易误选D. Losing weight by losing calorie is outdated. (通过减少卡路里来减肥是过时的),该项是文章的原句（第一段的第四句），所以它不能算作是推断出来的。 D Americans clearly love their museums. One of the most famous, New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art (the Met), saw a record 6.5 million visitors in 2015. But record attendance doesn’t necessarily translate into record revenue. Last month，the Met said it was trying to erase a USS10 million budget deficit. Meanwhile, one of its rivals，the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), was abundant in cash, but only about three million people stopped by in 2015. Why do some museums flourish while others flounder? My research leads me to believe there are three reasons: fashion, billionaires and demographics. First, underlying the Met’s financial challenges is the problem with the acquisitions policy. Recent directors of the Met did not add much to the museum’s modern collection. The argument was that museums such as the MoMA were already providing such works in their collections and that the acquisition of contemporary art by living artists was problematic and risky. However, given the fact that museum-goers increasingly favor contemporary art, the revenue of the Met will likely fall if it isn’t able to keep up with the tastes of the customers. And by the time it might recognize this, it’s already too late to do much about it because the costs to acquire the in-demand art is sky-high. This leads to a second critical issue-the changing distribution of income and its effects on museum finance and operation. We are living in a boom period for contemporary art. The number of auctions and art fairs has grown enormously to accommodate this growing market. In a world with about 1,800 billionaires, it only takes a relative few to drive high-end art prices to astronomical levels. Works by the German artist Gerhard Richter have generated $1.2 billion in sales in recent years. The soaring prices mean museums simply can’t keep up and must usually depend on donations to assemble the best works, or they’re priced out. Moreover, billionaires themselves are increasingly setting up their own private museums, further distancing the ability of public museums to get the good stuff. A third interrelated problem is that demographic issues have put pressure on the revenue side. Unemployment, early retirements and the aging of the population in the US have contributed to increased attendance at museums. You might think it’s a good thing, but more traffic means higher costs, and when those additional visitors don’t result in more revenue, profitability goes down. This is because of the longstanding movement toward making museums “free” by having individuals, government or businesses “sponsor” the cost. But when that support gets reduced by budget costs or another reason, museums must either cover the cost themselves or lose patrons by suddenly charging fees. There is evidence that attendance rises when economic growth slows, but that’s also when those “sponsors” are more likely to begin to disappear. Museums will certainly continue to exist and provide us with invaluable insights into our culture. But they must exist under economic principles, and it’d be wise for their administrators to consider the economies in their calculations. 31. According to the author, ________. A. MoMA saw a rise in donation due to its increased attendance B. the Met failed to respond to the artistic tastes of modern visitors C. the Met considered works of the living artists as questionable D. MoMA added to its modern collection despite the budget deficit 32. What can we infer from the passage? A. Billionaires control art auctions to price out public museums. B. The boom of modern art will lead visitors to private museums. C. The increase in visitors can hurt the profitability of museums. D. Economic slowdowns result in a weakened interest in museums. 33. What is the author’s attitude towards the future of museums in the US? A. Pessimistic. B. Doubtful. C. Cautious. D. Uncertain. 34. Which is the best title of the passage? A. How can Museums Boost Revenues? B. Should Museums Charge Entrance Fees? C. Will Museums Survive in a Fast-changing World? D. What Causes the Financial Challenges of Museums? 【答案】31. B 32. C 33. C 34. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了美国的博物馆如今存在赤字的问题，作者认为主要是时尚、亿万富翁和人口统计数据这三个原因，并分别展开了说明。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, given the fact that museum-goers increasingly favor contemporary art, the revenue of the Met will likely fall if it isn’t able to keep up with the tastes of the customers.(然而，鉴于参观博物馆的人越来越喜欢当代艺术，如果不能跟上顾客的品味，大都会博物馆的收入可能会下降)”可知，大都会未能对现代游客的艺术品味作出反应。故选B。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“You might think it’s a good thing, but more traffic means higher costs, and when those additional visitors don’t result in more revenue, profitability goes down.(你可能认为这是一件好事，但更多的流量意味着更高的成本，而当这些额外的访客不能带来更多的收入时，盈利能力就会下降)”可推知，游客数量的增加会损害博物馆的盈利能力。故选C。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Museums will certainly continue to exist and provide us with invaluable insights into our culture. But they must exist under economic principles, and it’d be wise for their administrators to consider the economies in their calculations.(博物馆肯定会继续存在，并为我们提供了解我们文化的宝贵见解。但它们必须存在于经济原则之下，对它们的管理者来说，在计算中考虑经济是明智的)”可推知，作者对美国博物馆的未来持谨慎态度。故选C。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Americans clearly love their museums. One of the most famous, New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art (the Met), saw a record 6.5 million visitors in 2015. But record attendance doesn’t necessarily translate into record revenue. Last month，the Met said it was trying to erase a USS10 million budget deficit. Meanwhile, one of its rivals，the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), was abundant in cash, but only about three million people stopped by in 2015. Why do some museums flourish while others flounder? My research leads me to believe there are three reasons: fashion, billionaires and demographics.(美国人显然喜欢他们的博物馆。其中最著名的是纽约大都会艺术博物馆，2015年参观人数达到创纪录的650万。但创纪录的上座率并不一定转化为创纪录的收入上个月，大都会博物馆说，他们正在努力消除1000万美元的预算赤字。与此同时，它的竞争对手之一现代艺术博物馆资金充裕，但2015年只有大约300万人来参观。为什么一些博物馆繁荣兴旺，而另一些却在苦苦挣扎?我的研究让我相信有三个原因：时尚、亿万富翁和人口统计数据)”结合文章主要说明了美国的博物馆如今存在赤字的问题，作者认为主要是时尚、亿万富翁和人口统计数据这三个原因，并分别展开了说明。可知，D选项“博物馆面临的财政挑战是什么？”最符合文章标题。故选D。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Play Helps Develop Bigger, Better Brains! Playing is a serious business. Children absorbed in a make-believe world, baby foxes play-fighting or kittens teasing a ball of string aren’t just having fun. Play may look like a carefree way to pass the time before the hard work of adulthood comes along, but there’s much more to it. If play is not simply a way to have fun, for what other reasons has it developed? ___35___ (66) Earlier this year, Sergio Pellis of Lethbridge University, Canada, reported that there is a strong positive link between brain size and playfulness among mammals in general. ___36___ The opposite was also found to be true. According to John Byers of Idaho University, the timing of the playful stage in young animals provides an important clue to what’s going on. If you plot the amount of time a child devotes to play each day over the course of its development, you discover a pattern typically associated with a “sensitive period”—a brief development window during which the brain can actually be adjusted in ways that are not possible earlier or later in life. ___37___ “People have not paid enough attention to the amount of the brain activated by play,” says Mare Bekoff from Colorado University. Bekoff studied coyote pups at play and found that the kind of behavior involved was obviously more variable and unpredictable than that of adults. He also reasons that such behavior activates many different parts of the brain. ___38___ “There’s enormous cognitive involvement in play,” says Bekoff. He points out that play often involves complex assessments of playmates and the use of specialized signals and rules. He believes that play creates a brain that has greater behavioral flexibility and improved potential for learning later in life. ___39___ A. Play just lights everything up. B. The importance of playfulness is drawing more attention. C. The latest idea suggests that play has developed to build big brains. D. A popular explanation is that it helps children develop the skills they will later need. E. Think of the relative ease with which kids—but not babies or adults—absorb language. F. Not only is more of the brain involved in play, but it also activates higher cognitive processes. G. Comparing fifteen orders of mammal, his team found larger brains are linked to greater playfulness. 【答案】35. C 36. G 37. E 38. F 39. A 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了游戏有助于开发更大、更好的大脑。 【35题详解】 空前说如果游戏不仅仅是一种娱乐方式，那么它的发展还有什么其他的原因呢?此处承接上文，是对前一句的回答，故C项（最新的想法表明，游戏已经发展到培养大的大脑）符合语境。 【36题详解】 空前说加拿大莱思布里奇大学的塞尔吉奥·佩利斯报告说，在哺乳动物中，大脑的大小和爱玩性之间成正比，此处举例说明这种正比关系，故G项（通过比较15种哺乳动物，他的研究小组发现，大脑越大，越爱玩）符合语境。 【37题详解】 空前说如果你计算出孩子在成长过程中每天花在游戏上的时间，你就会发现一个典型的与“敏感期”相关的模式——一个短暂的发展窗口，在此期间，大脑实际上可以以不可能在生命早期或晚期进行调整的方式进行调整，此处是对前面的举例说明，说的是关于孩童时期而不是生命的其他阶段的内容，故E项（想想孩子们而不是婴儿或成人吸收语言的相对容易程度）符合语境。 【38题详解】 空后贝科夫说：“游戏中有大量的认知参与”，因此此处是说游戏有助于培养大脑的认知能力，故F项（大脑不仅更多地参与游戏，而且还激活了更高的认知过程）符合语境。 【39题详解】 空前说贝科夫认为，游戏创造了一种大脑，它具有更大的行为灵活性，并提高了以后学习的潜力，此处总结上文，说的是游戏对大脑的好处，故A项（游戏会点亮一切）符合语境。 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分；共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 The signs appeared practically overnight. They’d been planted anywhere and everywhere — in front of homes, along sidewalks, around the neighborhood. Each featured just a few uplifting words in simple black type: “Don’t Give Up”, “You Are Not Alone”, “We Will Get Through”. The residents in Newberg, Oregon, had suffered huge loss from a major tornado this year, so the town of 25,000 instantly understood the messages. For days, what no one could figure out was who had planted them. Amy Wolff had. At first, she didn’t want anyone to connect her to them. For one thing, the 36-year-old mother of two didn’t really feel it was her place to weigh in. However, losing her brother in an accident several years earlier had led her to do so. She planted the signs anonymously because she wanted them to be about their message, not any one person. It was compassion (同情) for compassion’s sake. “I couldn’t just do nothing,” says Wolff. Yet as Wolff saw the deep chord her signs struck with her neighbors, she decided to step forward to share her message publicly. Instantly, her inbox was flooded with requests for more signs. Since then, the Don’t Give Up Movement has spread from Newberg to the hearts and yards of people in every state and several countries. The signs have changed into wristbands, bumper stickers, pins, stamps, etc. One of the most heartening elements of the movement is that it has gone viral in a remarkably human way. People have taken action, planting the signs in their lawns, taking selfies, and then posting them to share. Aware of the added emotional challenges isolation brings under the cloud of COVID-19, the Don’t Give Up Movement has since offered to send letters of support to anyone in quarantine who needs it. The group received about 400 requests in just 24 hours. Wolff’s message is about to grow yet again. 40. Why did the town of 25000 understand the meaning of the signs? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What personal experience led Amy Wolff to plant the signs of hope? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➢ As Wolff saw the deep chord her signs struck with her neighbors, she decided to keep her message private. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Please write one of your experiences of encouraging other people or being encouraged. (about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. Because they had suffered huge loss from a tornado. 41. Losing her brother in an accident years earlier. 42. As Wolff saw the deep chord her signs struck with her neighbors, she decided to keep her message private. According to the text, she decided to step forward to share her message publicly, not keep it private. 43. Once my friend failed an important exam and felt very sad. I told him that failure was not the end and encouraged him to try again. With my support, he worked harder and finally passed the next exam.（答案不唯一） 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了俄勒冈州纽伯格镇的居民在遭遇龙卷风重创后，有人匿名在镇上各处插上写有鼓励话语的标牌，后来得知是Amy Wolff所为，由此发起的“不要放弃”运动逐渐蔓延至全美乃至多国，并在疫情隔离期间为人们送去支持的故事。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Each featured just a few uplifting words in simple black type: “Don’t Give Up”, “You Are Not Alone”, “We Will Get Through”. The residents in Newberg, Oregon, had suffered huge loss from a major tornado this year, so the town of 25,000 instantly understood the messages.(每一条都只用简洁的黑色字体写着几个鼓舞人心的词：“不要放弃”、“你并不孤单”、“我们会挺过去”。俄勒冈州纽伯格的居民今年因一场强龙卷风遭受了巨大损失，因此这个两万五千人的小镇立刻明白了这些信息。)”可知，小镇居民刚刚经历了龙卷风带来的巨大损失，因此能立刻理解那些鼓励标语的含义。 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段中‌“Amy Wolff had. At first, she didn’t want anyone to connect her to them. For one thing, the 36-year-old mother of two didn’t really feel it was her place to weigh in. However, losing her brother in an accident several years earlier had led her to do so.(这是Amy Wolff做的。起初，她不想让任何人把这些标语和她联系起来。一方面，这位36岁的两个孩子的母亲并不真的觉得自己有资格去发表意见。然而，几年前她的兄弟在一场事故中丧生，这促使她这样做了。)”可知，是几年前兄弟在事故中去世的经历促使Amy Wolff插上这些希望标语。 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段中‌“Yet as Wolff saw the deep chord her signs struck with her neighbors, she decided to step forward to share her message publicly.(然而，当Wolff看到她的标语在邻居中引起深深共鸣时，她决定站出来公开分享她的信息。)”可知，她决定公开分享信息，而非保持私密。因此原句中‌“she decided to keep her message private”这一部分错误，正确表述应为‌“she decided to share her message publicly”。 【43题详解】 考查开放性题目。此题要求描述一次自己鼓励他人或被鼓励的经历，约40词。答案需真实合理，体现鼓励带来的积极影响。故参考答案为：Once my friend failed an important exam and felt very sad. I told him that failure was not the end and encouraged him to try again. With my support, he worked harder and finally passed the next exam. 第二节 书面表达（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的外国好友Jim本学期参加了Culture Club，正在征集材料。发来邮件询问你的某一次庆祝经历。请你给他回复，信件内容包括： 1.介绍你参加的一个庆祝活动； 2.表达你的收获和感受。 注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】参考答案： Dear Jim, I am thrilled to hear that you’ve joined the Culture Club. I'd be delighted to share my experience of the Mid-Autumn Festival celebration held in our school. During the event, students gathered in the hall to make delicious mooncakes and guess lantern riddles. Later, we enjoyed beautiful traditional poetry recitations under the bright full moon, which created a truly festive atmosphere. Not only did this activity enrich my campus life, but it also deepened my understanding of traditional Chinese culture. Most importantly, I truly felt the joy of sharing our cultural heritage with peers. I look forward to hearing your thoughts! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以李华的身份回复好友Jim的邮件，介绍一次庆祝活动，讲述活动内容并表达自己的收获与感受。 【详解】1.词汇积累 激动的：thrilled → overjoyed 高兴的：delighted → gratified 美味的：delicious → mouth-watering/appetizing 传统的：traditional → time-honored/conventional 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：During the event, students gathered in the hall to make delicious mooncakes and guess lantern riddles.  拓展句：When the celebration was held, all students gathered in the hall, where they enjoyed making tasty mooncakes and solving lantern riddles. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Later, we enjoyed beautiful traditional poetry recitations under the bright full moon, which created a truly festive atmosphere. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】Not only did this activity enrich my campus life, but it also deepened my understanding of traditional Chinese culture. (运用了Not only置于句首引起的部分倒装结构) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京市第二十中学2025-2026学年第一学期12月月考试题 高一英语 2025.12 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 It Runs in the Family My childhood had its ups and downs, but with my mom, who was so supportive, I was destined to succeed in life. She never ____1____any of my school events. When I graduated from college, I was selected to give the commencement address(毕业演讲). Just like old time, my mother listened to my____2____ over and over again. That reminded me of a time when I used to be___3___by my mother. She always laughed just too loud. I respected my mother, but just wanted her to be more like normal mothers and less____4____.During my speech in a statewide speech contest, she moved her lips as if she was coaching me. I worried other people would think she was talking to herself. By the time I made it to the finals, I had given my mother strict conditions. I instructed her not to mouth the words to my speech. And I_____5_____ under no circumstances should she Jump up and down and make whooping noises if I won. This was the final speech contest, and we had to look the part. When I took to the stage and delivered my presentation, one of the most flawless performances of my 16 years on earth, I realized my mother was sitting with her face turned toward the door rather than the stage-obeying my orders. I realized that she knew all the words to my speech--just to show her____6____for me. Suddenly, I knew then that I had no desire to win without my mother seeing it and____7____in whatever way she wanted to. Near the end of my speech, I walked onto the main floor. I wanted Momma's____8____. My mother never moved, desperately trying to do what I had asked her to do: Be someone else. While the rest of the crowd rose to their feet in a standing ovation, Momma was____9____. When they handed me the scholarship money, Momma allowed herself to simply smile. Without our traditional crazy celebration, my_____10_____felt empty. At that moment, I realized you can't enjoy where you are going if you deny where you are from. I let Momma know from that moment on she could whoop and holler and be herself. 1. A. visited B. missed C. delayed D. cared 2. A. request B. story C. speech D. lecture 3. A. confused B. embarrassed C. surprised D. disappointed 4. A. dizzy B. messy C. crazy D. busy 5. A. warned B. informed C. promised D. complained 6. A. respect B. support C. patience D. curiosity 7. A. coaching B. performing C. participating D. celebrating 8. A. attention B. instruction C. affection D. impression 9. A. afraid B. sad C. still D. bored 10. A. dream B. fortune C. effort D. victory 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A 阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空,在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Seven years ago, Steve lost his beloved dog Wolfgang. In memory of it, he began to adopt dogs who had been in their last few years. He ____11____(choose) to rescue these senior dogs because they otherwise wouldn't have had a home. When____12____(ask) how he could bear to adopt senior dog, Steve answered, “These abandoned animals need love, and they also have a lot of love to give, _____13_____is just one of the things these dogs wish you knew.” B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 For many years, researchers ____14____ (try) to find out the magic of reading. According to an article in Scientific American, researchers have found evidence that literary fiction improves a reader’s ability to understand ____15____ others are thinking about. And the article further ____16____ (argue) that literary fiction can teach us values about social behavior, such as the importance of understanding those who are different from ourselves. The results of this study suggest that people who love reading can ____17____ (well) put themselves in someone else’s shoes. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A team of international ____18____ (scientist) announced that they discovered a group of dinosaur footprints in Tibet Autonomous Region in China. The team, which consists of experts ____19____ China, the United States and Germany, found about 99 footprints in that area. According to their findings in the academic journal Historical Biology, these footprints, ____20____ (range) from 22 cm to 99.3 cm in length, are believed to have been left by large, medium and small-sized sauropods (蜥脚龙) dating back to the Middle Jurassic period. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节 阅读选择（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Institutions and individuals can subscribe to Journal of Science (JS) either by print or online. Ordering Procedures Both institutions and individuals can complete their order form and submit payment to start their print and/or online subscription. Those who choose the print version receive access to the online service as well. They may also subscribe to online-only access to JS. Once the publisher has received payment, the institution or individual will begin receiving the print journal if they order the print option. They will receive an e-mail with instructions for obtaining access to the online edition. The e-mail will direct them to an online form. They will be asked to provide the following information necessary to activate their subscription to JS: Institutions ·Contact name, title, phone, fax, and email ·Customer number (received via email) ·Institution's IP Address(es) Individuals ·A username and password that you can easily remember ·Your name, phone number, and email address ·Your customer number (received via email) With their subscription, they will receive 10 issues per year of the JS in addition to access to tables of contents, abstracts, full text searching, full text display, and PDFs, full access to all posted back content to 1860, for as long as the subscription is active. For institutions, access is limited to computers within a particular set of Internet IP addresses. Individuals will enjoy the advantage of having password access to JS from any device connected to the Internet. Without a subscription, access to tables of contents and abstracts is available. Cost of Subscriptions 2022 Rates Individual online-only Individual print+online Student online-only Student print+online Institution online-only Institution print+online U.S. $80 $90 $40 $50 $240 $250 Foreign $80 $90+ $35 Postage $40 $50+ $35 Postage $240 $250+ $35 Postage Purchasing Individual Issues or Articles You can purchase access to individual JS issues or articles. Browse through our current online content or our archive (going back to 1860), select the article you want access to, and click Add to Cart. You will be prompted to create an account at this time if you don't already have one. Purchases can be made by visiting our online store: https://epay.ustore.edu/js. 21. What is the procedure for online-only subscription? ①complete an order form ②receive an email with instructions ③activate the subscription ④submit payment A. ③①②④ B. ①④②③ C. ①④③② D. ④①②③ 22. How much does it cost a student in Beijing to subscribe to both print and online versions of JS 2022? A. $80. B. $85. C. $90. D. $125. 23. What can we learn from the passage? A. Those who subscribe to the print version have no access to online service. B. Individual articles are not available unless you make a yearly subscription. C. There is no limit on Internet IP addresses for either institutions or individuals. D. People have access to tables of contents and abstracts even without subscription. B Surfer Dudes to the Rescue! About 50 feet from shore of the Northern California’s Trinidad State Beach, two brothers were fighting for their lives. They had been swept out to sea in a rip current (激流), their mouths barely able to stay above the water. Thick fog made it difficult for beachgoers to see the guys, but the screams were unmistakable. And every second counted. The brothers, ages 15 and 20, were wearing shorts and T-shirts, unsuitable for a November day, let alone the freezing water. Keven Harder, a supervising ranger (巡查员), told the North Coast Journal in nearby Eureka that swimming in such a temperature “takes the fight right out of you.” Luckily, four surfers in wet suits were nearby. Narayan Weibel, Spenser Stratton, and Adrian York, all 16, along with Taj Ortiz-Beck, 15, were on their surfboards riding up and down the coast on five-foot waves when they heard the cries. They turned and saw two bobbing heads and four struggling arms. “We looked at each other and knew these guys were about to drown,” Weibel told the Washington Post. Weibel, Stratton, and Ortiz-Beck paddled toward the distressed swimmers while York headed to shore to warn someone to call 911. He then dived back in to help his friends. As the surfers drew close, the brothers were still fighting hard for their lives. “It was pretty stressful, but there wasn’t any time to think about it, and that helped me keep my cool,” Ortiz-Beck says. Ortiz-Beck pulled up alongside the younger brother. Grabbing him under his arms, he raised him up onto his board. Stratton and Weibel, meanwhile, hurried to help the older brother. He was large, 250 to 300 pounds, and he was panicked. “I told them, ‘Calm down — we got you!’” says Weibel. “They thought they were going to die.” York arrived in time to help get the older brother atop the second board. The surfers then paddled several minutes through choppy water to the medical help waiting onshore. The brothers were scared but fine. “When we get a call like this one, it’s usually too late by the time we get there,” says Dillon Cleavenger, a first responder. “I can’t say enough about what these boys did. They were willing and prepared to risk their lives.” 24. What can we know from the first paragraph? A. Two brothers were almost drowned in the sea. B. Beachgoers happened to meet the two brothers. C. The supervising ranger warned them not to swim then. D. Surfers barely wore T-shirts and shorts in such weather. 25. What were the four boys doing when they heard the screams? A. Swimming in a rip current. B. Surfing on high waves. C. Struggling with their arms to shore. D. Practising diving in the sea. 26. Which of the following words can best describe the four surfers? A. Hardworking and friendly. B. Kind and humorous. C. Devoted and talented. D. Brave and determined. C Most people have been taught that losing weight is a matter of simple math. Cut calories—specifically 3,500 calories, and you’ll lose a pound. But as it turns out, experts are learning that this decades-old strategy is actually pretty misguided. “This idea of ‘a calorie in and a calorie out’ when it comes to weight loss is not only outdated, it’s just wrong,” says Dr. Fatima Cody Stanford, an obesity specialist at Harvard Medical School. The truth is that even careful calorie calculations don’t always yield(产生) uniform results. How your body burns calories depends on a number of factors. Three factors affect how your body processes calories. Your gut microbiome (肠道微生物). Trillions of organisms live in your gut, and the important types may influence how many calories your body absorbs from food. This may occur because some types of organisms are able to break down and use more calories from certain foods than other types of organisms. Researchers have found that people who are naturally thin have different types of organisms living inside them than those who are overweight. Your metabolism (新陈代谢). Each body has a “set point” that governs weight, says Dr. Stanford. This set point reflects several factors, including your genes, your environment, and your behaviors. A region at the base of your brain stands guard to keep your body weight from dipping below that set point—which is not really a bonus if you’re trying to lose weight. The type of food you eat. Your food choices may also influence your calorie intake, and not just because of their specific calorie content. One 2019 study published in Cell Metabolism found that eating processed foods seems to spur people to eat more calories compared with eating unprocessed foods. If counting calories isn’t a dependable way to manage your weight, what can you do to shed extra pounds? Dr. Stanford recommends the following. Focus on diet quality. When planning your meals, focus on choosing unprocessed foods, including lean meats, whole grains, and lots of fruits and vegetables in their natural form. Exercise regularly. Aim to get at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise each week. Moderate exercise is done at a level where you can talk, but not sing. Consult a professional. “A lot of people believe it’s a moral failing if they are unable to lose weight,” says Dr. Stanford. But it’s not. As with other medical conditions, many people will need help from a doctor. Successful weight loss may require more than just diet and exercise. “Only 2% of people who meet the criteria for the use of anti-obesity medications actually get them. This means that 98% of people who could be treated aren’t,” she says, “Don’t be afraid to seek help if you need it.” 27. What can we infer from Paragraph 1? A. Old theories actually mislead us. B. Losing weight lies in losing calorie. C. Calorie calculations lead to good results. D. Losing weight by losing calorie is outdated. 28. The processing of calories is affected by how you ______. A. choose the types of food you consume B. focus on the quality of your diet C. adjust your brain to the “set point” D. reduce the organisms living in your gut 29. The underlined word “shed” in Paragraph 6 means “______”. A. weigh B. produce C. lose D. cost 30. It is implied in the passage that ______. A. cutting calories is essential for weight loss B. losing weight can be double-edged C. healthy eating keeps you losing weight D. a healthy lifestyle is key to weight loss D Americans clearly love their museums. One of the most famous, New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art (the Met), saw a record 6.5 million visitors in 2015. But record attendance doesn’t necessarily translate into record revenue. Last month，the Met said it was trying to erase a USS10 million budget deficit. Meanwhile, one of its rivals，the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), was abundant in cash, but only about three million people stopped by in 2015. Why do some museums flourish while others flounder? My research leads me to believe there are three reasons: fashion, billionaires and demographics. First, underlying the Met’s financial challenges is the problem with the acquisitions policy. Recent directors of the Met did not add much to the museum’s modern collection. The argument was that museums such as the MoMA were already providing such works in their collections and that the acquisition of contemporary art by living artists was problematic and risky. However, given the fact that museum-goers increasingly favor contemporary art, the revenue of the Met will likely fall if it isn’t able to keep up with the tastes of the customers. And by the time it might recognize this, it’s already too late to do much about it because the costs to acquire the in-demand art is sky-high. This leads to a second critical issue-the changing distribution of income and its effects on museum finance and operation. We are living in a boom period for contemporary art. The number of auctions and art fairs has grown enormously to accommodate this growing market. In a world with about 1,800 billionaires, it only takes a relative few to drive high-end art prices to astronomical levels. Works by the German artist Gerhard Richter have generated $1.2 billion in sales in recent years. The soaring prices mean museums simply can’t keep up and must usually depend on donations to assemble the best works, or they’re priced out. Moreover, billionaires themselves are increasingly setting up their own private museums, further distancing the ability of public museums to get the good stuff. A third interrelated problem is that demographic issues have put pressure on the revenue side. Unemployment, early retirements and the aging of the population in the US have contributed to increased attendance at museums. You might think it’s a good thing, but more traffic means higher costs, and when those additional visitors don’t result in more revenue, profitability goes down. This is because of the longstanding movement toward making museums “free” by having individuals, government or businesses “sponsor” the cost. But when that support gets reduced by budget costs or another reason, museums must either cover the cost themselves or lose patrons by suddenly charging fees. There is evidence that attendance rises when economic growth slows, but that’s also when those “sponsors” are more likely to begin to disappear. Museums will certainly continue to exist and provide us with invaluable insights into our culture. But they must exist under economic principles, and it’d be wise for their administrators to consider the economies in their calculations. 31. According to the author, ________. A. MoMA saw a rise in donation due to its increased attendance B. the Met failed to respond to the artistic tastes of modern visitors C. the Met considered works of the living artists as questionable D. MoMA added to its modern collection despite the budget deficit 32. What can we infer from the passage? A. Billionaires control art auctions to price out public museums. B. The boom of modern art will lead visitors to private museums. C. The increase in visitors can hurt the profitability of museums. D. Economic slowdowns result in a weakened interest in museums. 33. What is the author’s attitude towards the future of museums in the US? A. Pessimistic. B. Doubtful. C. Cautious. D. Uncertain. 34. Which is the best title of the passage? A. How can Museums Boost Revenues? B. Should Museums Charge Entrance Fees? C. Will Museums Survive in a Fast-changing World? D. What Causes the Financial Challenges of Museums? 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Play Helps Develop Bigger, Better Brains! Playing is a serious business. Children absorbed in a make-believe world, baby foxes play-fighting or kittens teasing a ball of string aren’t just having fun. Play may look like a carefree way to pass the time before the hard work of adulthood comes along, but there’s much more to it. If play is not simply a way to have fun, for what other reasons has it developed? ___35___ (66) Earlier this year, Sergio Pellis of Lethbridge University, Canada, reported that there is a strong positive link between brain size and playfulness among mammals in general. ___36___ The opposite was also found to be true. According to John Byers of Idaho University, the timing of the playful stage in young animals provides an important clue to what’s going on. If you plot the amount of time a child devotes to play each day over the course of its development, you discover a pattern typically associated with a “sensitive period”—a brief development window during which the brain can actually be adjusted in ways that are not possible earlier or later in life. ___37___ “People have not paid enough attention to the amount of the brain activated by play,” says Mare Bekoff from Colorado University. Bekoff studied coyote pups at play and found that the kind of behavior involved was obviously more variable and unpredictable than that of adults. He also reasons that such behavior activates many different parts of the brain. ___38___ “There’s enormous cognitive involvement in play,” says Bekoff. He points out that play often involves complex assessments of playmates and the use of specialized signals and rules. He believes that play creates a brain that has greater behavioral flexibility and improved potential for learning later in life. ___39___ A. Play just lights everything up. B. The importance of playfulness is drawing more attention. C. The latest idea suggests that play has developed to build big brains. D. A popular explanation is that it helps children develop the skills they will later need. E. Think of the relative ease with which kids—but not babies or adults—absorb language. F. Not only is more of the brain involved in play, but it also activates higher cognitive processes. G. Comparing fifteen orders of mammal, his team found larger brains are linked to greater playfulness. 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分；共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 The signs appeared practically overnight. They’d been planted anywhere and everywhere — in front of homes, along sidewalks, around the neighborhood. Each featured just a few uplifting words in simple black type: “Don’t Give Up”, “You Are Not Alone”, “We Will Get Through”. The residents in Newberg, Oregon, had suffered huge loss from a major tornado this year, so the town of 25,000 instantly understood the messages. For days, what no one could figure out was who had planted them. Amy Wolff had. At first, she didn’t want anyone to connect her to them. For one thing, the 36-year-old mother of two didn’t really feel it was her place to weigh in. However, losing her brother in an accident several years earlier had led her to do so. She planted the signs anonymously because she wanted them to be about their message, not any one person. It was compassion (同情) for compassion’s sake. “I couldn’t just do nothing,” says Wolff. Yet as Wolff saw the deep chord her signs struck with her neighbors, she decided to step forward to share her message publicly. Instantly, her inbox was flooded with requests for more signs. Since then, the Don’t Give Up Movement has spread from Newberg to the hearts and yards of people in every state and several countries. The signs have changed into wristbands, bumper stickers, pins, stamps, etc. One of the most heartening elements of the movement is that it has gone viral in a remarkably human way. People have taken action, planting the signs in their lawns, taking selfies, and then posting them to share. Aware of the added emotional challenges isolation brings under the cloud of COVID-19, the Don’t Give Up Movement has since offered to send letters of support to anyone in quarantine who needs it. The group received about 400 requests in just 24 hours. Wolff’s message is about to grow yet again. 40. Why did the town of 25000 understand the meaning of the signs? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What personal experience led Amy Wolff to plant the signs of hope? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➢ As Wolff saw the deep chord her signs struck with her neighbors, she decided to keep her message private. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Please write one of your experiences of encouraging other people or being encouraged. (about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 书面表达（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的外国好友Jim本学期参加了Culture Club，正在征集材料。发来邮件询问你的某一次庆祝经历。请你给他回复，信件内容包括： 1.介绍你参加的一个庆祝活动； 2.表达你的收获和感受。 注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $