精品解析：北京市丰台区建华学校2026-2027学年第一学期10月月考高一英语

北京市丰台区建华学校2026‑2027学年第一学期10月月考 高一英语 时间 90分钟 满分 100分 第一部分:知识运用(共两节,30分) 第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分) 阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 The View from the Slow Lane As we pulled into the driveway, I noticed that something seemed different about my mom. She was facing away from me, her shoulders dropped and her hands relaxed. I parked the car and she turned toward me. “Okay, we’re home,” I said, ____1____ that now was her time to get out and let me be on my own. She sniffed and brushed her hair behind her ears to reveal her bloodshot eyes and moist cheeks. She had been crying. “Mom!” I whined (嘟囔着说), surprised by the tears running down her face. “Why are you crying?” I asked. ____2____, I already knew the answer. I had just got my license, which I’d been looking forward to for months. I was free — able to drive myself where I needed to go. But now that I had it in my pocket, I suddenly felt ____3____. I had been so quick to grow up, completely ignoring the emotions that my mom must be experiencing with her first son nearing adulthood. “My baby boy is growing up too fast,” she ____4____ to say between deep breaths. My heart ached. I hated to see my mom cry, and I hated more that I had been so ignorant toward her feelings. I had been counting down the days, ____5____ waiting to enter the next stage of my life, while she counted down with fear and heartache. The ____6____ and freedom I had previously felt were gone, replaced by an odd sense of mourning. We hugged. Then she looked me in the eye and told me to drive carefully. “Of course I will,” I reassured her. She unbuckled her seatbelt, opened the door, and stepped out. I waved goodbye and pulled out of the driveway. I had been so ____7____ to start speeding and skirting around corners that I’d forgotten just how beautiful the ride is. Now I cruised (漫游) down the peaceful two‑lane road, enjoying the sights, sounds, and smells of the nature that surrounds me. At that moment I made a promise to myself, a promise to take things ____8____ and to never, ever, catch myself speeding again. Life had passed me by while I lived my days in fast forward, ignorantly wishing for tomorrow and ____9____ to notice all the beautiful things along the way. Friendships, victories, heartbreaks — have sped by me because I was too busy looking toward the future. It seems life also has its own speed limit, and if you find yourself going too fast, you risk ____10____ the moments that make it so special. 1. A. fearing B. implying C. remembering D. considering 2. A. in case B. now that C. as though D. even though 3. A. guilty B. anxious C. annoyed D. disappointed 4. A. tried B. managed C. intended D. hesitated 5. A. unwillingly B. impatiently C. nervously D. thankfully 6. A. luck B. honor C. delight D. gratitude 7. A. afraid B. confident C. surprised D. excited 8. A. easy B. slow C. wrong D. personal 9. A. trying B. failing C. refusing D. pretending 10. A. wasting B. losing C. missing D. deleting 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. B 10. C 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述了拿到驾照的作者看到母亲落泪，感悟成长不应急于求成。人生需要放慢脚步，珍惜沿途容易被错过的美好瞬间。 【1题详解】 考查动词。句意：“好了，我们到家了。” 我说，暗示现在轮到她下车，我可以独处了。A. fearing害怕；B. implying暗示；C. remembering记得；D. considering考虑。根据后文“that now was her time to get out and let me be on my own”可知，作者说这句话意在暗示妈妈下车。 【2题详解】 考查连词。句意：尽管我早就知道答案。A. in case以防；B. now that既然；C. as though好像；D. even though尽管。根据前文““Why are you crying?” I asked.”和后文“I already knew the answer”可知，此处指作者嘴上提问，尽管心里已经知道原因。 【3题详解】 考查形容词。句意：但现在驾照揣在口袋里，我突然感到愧疚。A. guilty愧疚的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. annoyed恼怒的；D. disappointed失望的。根据后文“completely ignoring the emotions that my mom must be experiencing with her first son nearing adulthood”可知，作者意识到自己忽略妈妈的感受，内心愧疚。 【4题详解】 考查动词。句意：“我的宝贝儿子长得太快了。” 她深吸几口气，勉强说道。A. tried努力；B. managed设法；C. intended打算；D. hesitated犹豫。根据前文“She had been crying.”和后文“between deep breaths”可知，妈妈正在哭泣，艰难地说出这句话。 【5题详解】 考查副词。句意：我一直在倒数日子，迫不及待等着进入人生下一阶段，而她却在恐惧和心痛中倒数。A. unwillingly不情愿地；B. impatiently急切地；C. nervously紧张地；D. thankfully感激地。根据第一段“I’d been looking forward to for months”可知，此处指作者期盼拿到驾照，急切等待长大。 【6题详解】 考查名词。句意：我之前感受到的喜悦和自由消失了，取而代之的是一种莫名的伤感。A. luck运气；B. honor荣誉；C. delight喜悦；D. gratitude感激。根据第一段“I was free — able to drive myself where I needed to go”可知，拿到驾照本是令人喜悦的事。 【7题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我之前特别兴奋，总想加速、急转弯，以至于忘记这段旅途本身有多美。A. afraid害怕的；B. confident自信的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. excited兴奋的。根据后文“to start speeding and skirting around corners”可知，作者拿到驾照十分兴奋，想要开车疾驰。 【8题详解】 考查形容词。句意：那一刻我向自己许下承诺，凡事慢慢来，再也不要超速。A. easy容易的；B. slow缓慢的；C. wrong错误的；D. personal个人的。根据标题“The View from the Slow Lane”和后文“never, ever, catch myself speeding again”可知，作者决定放慢节奏，take things slow表示“慢慢来”。 【9题详解】 考查动词。句意：我一直快进式生活，一味期盼明天，没能留意沿途所有美好的事物。A. trying努力；B. failing未能；C. refusing拒绝；D. pretending假装。根据前文“Life had passed me by while I lived my days in fast forward”可知，此处指时光匆匆流逝，作者没能留意沿途美景，fail to do表示“没能做某事”。 【10题详解】 考查动词。句意：人生也有它的限速，如果你走得太快，就有可能错过那些造就生活独特美好的瞬间。A. wasting浪费；B. losing丢失；C. missing错过；D. deleting删除。根据前文“wishing for tomorrow and 　　　　　 to notice all the beautiful things along the way”可知，速度太快会错过美好时刻。 第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Zhang Tian graduated from university and got a teacher’s certificate last year. His parents, like most, hoped he would go to a big city to find a teaching job. Likewise, his friends all ____11____ (leave) his hometown for work in Shanghai or Beijing. Zhang Tian felt differently, however. He wanted to start a new lifestyle. He had met wonderful teachers from small villages during his early school years and he ____12____ (inspire) by them to go and teach ____13____ he was needed the most. For that reason he applied and became a volunteer teacher in a village school. ____14____ (bring) with him lots of books, clothes, and two pairs of trainers, Zhang Tian travelled to the village with an eager heart. He imagined all sorts of exciting things about living ____15____ (dependent) and teaching in a village. 【答案】11. left 12. was inspired 13. where 14. Bringing 15. independently 【解析】 【导语】大学毕业拿到教师资格证的张天没有像亲友那样去大城市，而是受乡村教师的感召，申请成为乡村志愿教师，满怀期待奔赴乡村，畅想独立在乡村生活教书。 【11题详解】 考查时态。句意：同样，他的朋友们都离开家乡去上海或北京工作了。此处是谓语动词，his friends all与leave为主动关系，上下文为一般过去时，leave的过去式为left。 【12题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：在早年求学期间，他遇到过来自小村庄的优秀老师，并且受他们鼓舞，前往最需要他的地方教书。此处是谓语动词，主语he和inspire是被动关系，讲述过去发生的事，用一般过去时的被动语态，所以应填was inspired。 【13题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：在早年求学期间，他遇到过来自小村庄的优秀老师，并且受他们鼓舞，前往最需要他的地方教书。分析句子结构可知，此处应用where引导地点状语从句，表示“在……地方”。 【14题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：张天带了很多书、衣服和两双运动鞋，怀着热切的心去往这个村庄。此处为非谓语，主语Zhang Tian与bring为主动关系，用现在分词bringing作伴随状语，且句首时首字母应大写。 【15题详解】 考查副词。句意：他想象着在村里独立生活和教书的各种令人兴奋的事情。修饰动名词living，需要用副词作状语，表示“独立地”，应用independently。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Bogues was only 1.6 metres tall, ___16___made him the shortest player ever in the NBA. Guess what? Paul was only 1.6 metres tall, too! Paul knew that being shorter than other players meant that he had to practise more. During all those hours of doing jump shots on his own, he used Bogues as his ___17___ (inspire). Paul once said, “If Bogues could make it, why not me?” Our coach was not so sure. Paul had to try out many times just for making the team. He was still usually on the bench, being just a replacement, which was really tough on him. Everyone knew Paul had real skills, and was someone ___18___ worked really hard and had a strong desire to play for the team. However, Paul didn’t get a chance. This week, The Lions were playing our main ___19___ (compete), The Bears, a team ___20___ record this season had been perfect. They hadn’t lost a single game. It would be a tough one. Paul didn’t know he’d soon get the chance that he’d been waiting for. 【答案】16. which 17. inspiration 18. who 19. competitor 20. whose 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述身高仅1.6米的保罗以NBA矮个球员博格斯为激励，刻苦训练，虽然长期坐冷板凳，但他一直等待上场机会，即将对战全胜的强敌熊队。 【16题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：博格斯身高只有1.6米，这使他成为NBA有史以来最矮的球员。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整件事，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：在独自练习跳投的无数个小时里，他把博格斯当作自己的奋斗榜样/激励对象。形容词性物主代词his后接名词，inspire的名词形式为inspiration，表示“鼓舞人心的人（或事物）”，此处用单数形式符合语境。 【18题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：所有人都知道保罗拥有真正的实力，他是一个训练十分刻苦、有着强烈为球队出战渴望的人。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词someone，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：这周，雄狮队要对战我们主要的对手熊队，这支队伍本赛季保持全胜战绩。形容词main后接名词，compete的名词competitor，表示“对手”，此处指熊队，用单数形式。 【20题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这周，雄狮队要对战我们主要的对手熊队，这支队伍本赛季保持全胜战绩。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词a team，在从句中作record的定语，表示“队伍的”，应用关系代词whose引导。 第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,38分) 第一节 (共14小题;每小题2分,共28分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A This Tiny Box Will Help You Relax In Terrible Summer Heat! Traditional Air Conditioners (AC) are outdated. They cost a lot to install and even more to run. They are huge, noisy, and dangerous to clean. You can’t move them around the house with you or take them outside! Thousands of people are now using a much cheaper alternative to cool themselves in the heat and clean their personal air. With over a million units sold worldwide, this device is becoming one of the most successful gadgets of 2024. EVERYONE wants this awesome looking box for summer! What Are We Talking About? Meet the new AirFreez, an innovative alternative to AC that cools you just the same! It’s a perfect solution for those very hot days and nights! The AirFreez was designed by two Swiss engineers who were fed up with suffering hot summers. They realized that none of the traditional AC units were made to travel with us. So, they designed this light‑weight, portable Air Cooling box. It uses a very small amount of electricity and all without sacrificing any of the main benefits of a top AC model! It’s tiny, easy to use and it can cool you in seconds! What Is So Special About This Little Box? The main benefits of AirFreez are its portability and price. It is no larger than a lunchbox. Besides, it can be powered by a pocket solar panel or battery pack and you probably have the world’s most portable AC unit. AND There Is One More Thing. The price is just amazing. Most AC units cost at least $300+ AND you have to pay for installation PLUS cover the expensive electricity bills each month. AirFreez costs less than $100 (Actually $53 for each if you buy more than one here). No messy installation, no expensive electricity bills. For a Cooling unit of this quality, this must be the single best price‑quality AC unit there is! How Can You Get An AirFreez? Now that you are aware of this amazing new invention, here is how to get one — order it from the Official Website for BEST PRICE. 21. Which of the following words can best describe AirFreez? A. Smart but fragile. B. Costly but multi‑functional. C. Light but energy‑saving. D. Hardy and energy‑saving. 22. What can we learn about AirFreez? A. It costs less than $53. B. It requires no complex installation. C. It doesn’t consume electricity. D. It is a little larger than a lunch box. 23. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To advertise AirFreez. B. To explain the functions of AirFreez. C. To introduce the inventors of AirFreez. D. To compare AirFreez with traditional AC. 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了一款名为AirFreez的便携式小型冷却设备。 【21题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段中的“So, they designed this light‑weight, portable Air Cooling box. It uses a very small amount of electricity and all without sacrificing any of the main benefits of a top AC model!(因此，他们设计了这款轻便、便携的制冷箱。它耗电量非常小，同时又不牺牲顶级空调的主要优点！)”可知，AirFreez 的特点是轻便（light-weight）且省电（uses a very small amount of electricity，即 energy-saving）。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“No messy installation, no expensive electricity bills.(无需繁杂的安装，也没有高昂的电费。)”可知，AirFreez不需要复杂安装。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Now that you are aware of this amazing new invention, here is how to get one — order it from the Official Website for BEST PRICE.(既然你已经了解这项惊人的新发明，下面就是购买方式 —— 在官网下单可享受最优价格。)”可知，文章目的是为AirFreez做广告。 B I got married just after I graduated from college and found a job to support our family at the nearby Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). It was in the laboratory of Prof. Edward Lorenz that I learned what a computer was and how to develop software. One day my husband saw a newspaper advertisement. The MIT Instrumentation Laboratory was looking for people to develop software to “send man to the moon”. Deeply attracted both by the idea and the fact that it had never been done before, I became the first programmer to join and the first woman the lab hired. At the beginning, nobody thought software was such a big deal. But then they began to realize how much they were relying on it. Our software needed to be very reliable and able to detect an error and recover from it at any time during the mission. My daughter, Lauren, liked to imitate me — playing astronaut. One day, she was with me when I was doing a simulation (模拟) of a mission to the moon. She started hitting keys and all of a sudden, she selected a program which was supposed to be run before launch. The computer had so little space that it wiped the navigation data taking her to the moon. I thought: my God — this could happen by accident in a real mission. I suggested a program change to prevent a prelaunch program being selected during flight. But the higher‑ups at MIT and NASA said the astronauts were too well trained to make such a mistake. On the very next mission, Apollo 8, one of the astronauts on board accidentally did exactly what Lauren had done! The Lauren bug! It created destruction and required the mission to be rearranged. After that, they let me put the program change in. It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11. During the early days of Apollo, software was not taken as seriously as other engineering disciplines (学科). It was out of desperation I came up with the term “software engineering”. Then one day in a meeting, one of the most respected hardware experts explained to everyone that he agreed with me that the process of building software should also be considered an engineering discipline, just like with hardware. It was a memorable moment. 24. What do we know about the author? A. She taught Lauren to write software. B. She got her master’s degree from MIT. C. She is the first woman ever hired by MIT. D. She created the term “software engineering”. 25. What greatly contributed to Apollo 11’s success according to the passage? A. The in‑time upload of data. B. The program change. C. Astronauts’ rich experience. D. Experts' new attitude. 26. What can we learn from Margaret’s story? A. Honesty is the best policy. B. A good beginning is half done. C. Two heads are better than one. D. Small things can make a big difference. 【答案】24. D 25. B 26. D 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了作者参与登月软件研发并提出软件工程概念的故事。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It was out of desperation I came up with the term “software engineering”.(我实在是走投无路了，才创造出了“软件工程”这个术语。)”可知，正是作者本人首次提出了“软件工程”这一核心概念，为软件行业正式成为独立工程学科奠定了基础。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11.(正是这次程序修改，对阿波罗11号任务的成功起到了至关重要的作用。)”可知，作者此前提出的、后来被采纳的程序修改方案，是保障阿波罗11号顺利完成登月任务的关键因素。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“On the very next mission, Apollo 8, one of the astronauts on board accidentally did exactly what Lauren had done! The Lauren bug! It created destruction and required the mission to be rearranged. After that, they let me put the program change in. It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11.(就在接下来的阿波罗8号任务中，飞船上的一名宇航员意外地做出了和Lauren完全一样的事情！这就是“Lauren漏洞”！它造成了破坏，导致任务需要重新安排。在那之后，他们同意我落实该程序修改方案。正是这次程序修改对阿波罗11号任务的成功产生了至关重要的影响。)”并结合第四段可知，女儿Lauren在模拟中随手按键触发的小意外，让作者意识到飞行中可能发生同类错误并推动程序修改，而这一小小的修改最终决定了阿波罗11号登月的成功，说明“Small things can make a big difference.(小事情也能产生重大影响)”。 C From linguists’ point of view, grammar is a set of patterns for how words are put together to form phrases or clauses, whether in spoken or written. Different languages have different patterns. Some scholars have tried to identify patterns common to all languages. But apart from some basic features, few of these so‑called linguistic universals have been found. The study of these patterns opens up “an ongoing debate” between two positions, known as prescriptivism and descriptivism. For much of history, the vast majority of language was spoken. But as people became more interconnected, writing gained importance. Written language was standardized to allow broader communication and ensure that people in different parts around could understand each other. Language purists worked to establish and promote this standard by detailing a set of rules that reflected the established grammar of their times. And rules for written grammar were applied to spoken language as well. Speech patterns that deviated from the written rules were considered signs of low social status. And many people who are grown‑ups speaking in these ways were forced to adopt the standardized form. More recently, however, linguists have understood that speech is a separate phenomenon from writing with its own regularities and patterns. Most of us learn to speak at such an early age that we don’t even remember it. We form our spoken skills through unconscious habits, not memorized rules. And because speech also uses mood and intonation for meaning, its structure is often more flexible, adapting to the needs of speakers and listeners. This could mean avoiding complex clauses that are hard to understand in real time, making changes to avoid awkward pronunciation or removing sounds to make speech faster. This linguistic approach that tries to understand and map such differences without dictating correct ones is known as descriptivism. Rather than deciding how language should be used, it describes how people actually use it and tracks the innovation they come up with in the process. But while the debate between prescriptivism and descriptivism continues, the two are not mutually exclusive. At its best, prescriptivism is useful for informing people about the most common established patterns at a given point in time. Ultimately, grammar is best considered as a set of linguistic habits that are constantly being negotiated and reinvented by the entire group of language users. Like language itself, it’s a wonderful and complex fabric woven through the contributions of speakers and listeners, writers and readers, prescriptivists and descriptivists from both near and far. 27. The underlined word “deviated” in paragraph 3 probably means ________. A. copied B. updated C. differed D. originated 28. According to the passage, prescriptivism ________. A. focuses on established language patterns B. accepts the differences between languages C. follows the innovations in language patterns D. attaches more importance to written language 29. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. A new understanding of grammar. B. The ongoing debate between linguists. C. The impact of grammar on language. D. The history of grammar. 30. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Grammar: Rules or Habits. B. The Belief held by prescriptivists. C. Grammar: Rules of Grammar. D. Grammar: Writing Rules. 【答案】27. C 28. A 29. A 30. A 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍语言学中规范主义与描写主义的争论，阐述语法既是既定规则，也是全体语言使用者不断演变的语言习惯。 【27题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段“Speech patterns that deviated from the written rules were considered signs of low social status. And many people who are grown‑ups speaking in these ways were forced to adopt the standardized form.(deviated from书面规则的言语模式被视为社会地位低下的标志。而且，许多以这些方式说话的成年人也被迫采用标准化的语言形式)”可知，许多成年人都是这样说话的，他们被迫采用标准化的形式，这是前一句的结果，因此偏离书面语法规则的言语模式被认为是社会地位低下的标志，由此可知画线词deviated词义为“不同于、相异”，与differed意思相同。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“At its best, prescriptivism is useful for informing people about the most common established patterns at a given point in time.(规范主义在理想状态下，有助于告知人们在某一特定时期内最普遍的既定语言模式)”可知，规范主义重点关注已经形成的语言模式。 【29题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“More recently, however, linguists have understood that speech is a separate phenomenon from writing with its own regularities and patterns.(然而，近年来，语言学家已经认识到，言语是不同于书面语的一种独立现象，它有着自身的规律和模式)”可知，本段主要介绍的是描述主义立场下对言语及语法的新理解。 【30题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文特别是根据最后一段“Ultimately, grammar is best considered as a set of linguistic habits that are constantly being negotiated and reinvented by the entire group of language users.(归根结底，语法最好被看作一套语言习惯，不断由全体语言使用者共同商定并重塑)”可知，文章围绕规范主义的语言规则和描写主义的语言习惯之间的讨论展开，所以A项“Grammar: Rules or Habits.(语法：规则还是习惯)”符合语境。 D If you look across the entire lifespan, what you see is an average increase in desirable personality traits（特点）.Psychologists call this the “maturity principle” and it’s comforting to know that, assuming your personality follows a typical course, then the older you get, the maturer you will become. However, it’s not such good news for young adolescents, because at this point, something known as the “disruption hypothesis” kicks in. Consider a study of Dutch teenagers who completed personality tests each year for six or seven years from 2005. The boys showed a temporary dip in conscientiousness—orderliness and self-discilpline in early adolescence, and the girls showed a temporary increase in neuroticism—emotional instability. This seems to back up some of the stereotypes we have of messy teen bedrooms and mood swings. Thankfully, this decline in personality is short-lived, with the Dutch data showing that the teenagers’ previous positive traits rebound（反弹）in later adolescence. Both parents and their teenage children agree that changes occur, but surprisingly, the perceived change can depend on who is measuring, according to a 2017 study of over 2,700 German teenagers. They rated their own personalities twice, at age 11 and age 14, and their parents also rated their personalities at these times. Some differences emerged: for instance, while the teenagers rated themselves as declining in agreeability, their parents saw this decline as much shaper. Also, the teens saw themselves as increasingly extroverted（外向的）, but their parents saw them as increasingly introverted. This mismatch can perhaps be explained by the big changes underway in the parent-child relationship brought on by teenagers’ growing desire for autonomy and privacy. The researchers point out that parents and teens might also be using different reference points—parents are measuring their teenagers’ traits against a typical adult, while the teenagers are comparing their own traits against those displayed by their peers. This is in line with several further studies, which also reveal a pattern of a temporary reduction in advantageous traits in early adolescence. The general picture of the teenage years as a temporary personality “disruption” therefore seems accurate. In fact, we’re only just beginning to understand the complex mix of genetic and environmental factors that contribute to individual patterns of personality change. Studies also offer some clues for how we might create more nurturing environments for teenagers to aid their personality development. This is an approach worth pushing further given that teenage personality traits are predictive of experiences in later life. For instance, one British study of over 4,000 teenagers showed that those who scores lower in conscientiousness were twice as likely to be unemployed later in life, in comparison with those who scored higher. People focus so much on teaching teenagers facts and getting them to pass exams, but perhaps they ought to pay at least as much attention to helping nurture their personalities. 31. Which of the following can be an example of “disruption hypothesis”? A. A kindergarten kid cries over a toy. B. A boy in high school cleans his own room. C. A teenage girl feels sad for unknown reason. D. A college graduate feels stressed out by work. 32. According to the study of German teenagers ______. A. parent give their teens too much automony and privacy B. teens are more optimistic about their personality changes C. teens and parents have the same personality rating standard D. parents and teens can later agree on teens’ personality decline 33. We can infer from the last three paragraphs that ______. A. teens should pay less attention to their scores in exams B. developing teens’ personality has a long-term effect in their life C. people’s success in later life depends on teenage personality traits D. environmental factors outweigh genetic ones for personality change 34. What is the author’s attitude towards present teenager personality education? A. Dissatisfied. B. Approving. C. Neutral. D. Cautious. 【答案】31. C 32. B 33. B 34. A 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了对青少年人格的研究，并指出培养青少年的人格对他们的生活有着长期的影响，我们应该注重青少年的人格教育。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the girls showed a temporary increase in neuroticism—emotional instability.”可知，“破坏假说”的例子包括女孩表现出暂时的神经质、情绪不稳定性增加，也就是说十几岁的女孩感到莫名的伤感属于“破坏假说”的例子，故C项正确。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Also, the teens saw themselves as increasingly extroverted（外向的）, but their parents saw them as increasingly introverted.”可知，此外，德国青少年认为自己越来越外向，但他们的父母认为他们越来越内向，由此可知，德国青少年对自己的性格变化更乐观，故B项正确。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“This is an approach worth pushing further given that teenage personality traits are predictive of experiences in later life.”可知，考虑到青少年的人格特征预示着以后的生活经历，这种方法值得进一步推广，由此可知，培养青少年的人格对他们的生活有着长期的影响，故B项正确。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“People focus so much on teaching teenagers facts and getting them to pass exams, but perhaps they ought to pay at least as much attention to helping nurture their personalities. ”可知，人们很重视教青少年知识，让他们通过考试，但也许他们至少应该同样重视帮助培养他们的人格，言外之意，作者认为现在的教育只注重教青少年知识，而在培养他们的人格方面做得并不够，由此可知，作者对当前青少年的人格教育是不满意的，故A项正确。 【点睛】涉及到观点态度的推理判断题难度较大，文章一般不会直接表明作者的态度，需要我们根据措辞的褒贬来揣摩其态度，例如本篇第4题，根据最后一段“People focus so much on teaching teenagers facts and getting them to pass exams, but perhaps they ought to pay at least as much attention to helping nurture their personalities. ”可知，人们很重视教青少年知识，让他们通过考试，但也许他们至少应该同样重视帮助培养他们的人格，言外之意，作者认为现在的教育只注重教青少年知识，而在培养他们的人格方面做得并不够，特别是“ought to pay at least as much attention to”表明了作者对当前青少年的人格教育是不满意的。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Play Helps Develop Bigger, Better Brains! Playing is a serious business. Children absorbed in a make-believe world, baby foxes play-fighting or kittens teasing a ball of string aren’t just having fun. Play may look like a carefree way to pass the time before the hard work of adulthood comes along, but there’s much more to it. If play is not simply a way to have fun, for what other reasons has it developed? ___35___ (66) Earlier this year, Sergio Pellis of Lethbridge University, Canada, reported that there is a strong positive link between brain size and playfulness among mammals in general. ___36___ The opposite was also found to be true. According to John Byers of Idaho University, the timing of the playful stage in young animals provides an important clue to what’s going on. If you plot the amount of time a child devotes to play each day over the course of its development, you discover a pattern typically associated with a “sensitive period”—a brief development window during which the brain can actually be adjusted in ways that are not possible earlier or later in life. ___37___ “People have not paid enough attention to the amount of the brain activated by play,” says Mare Bekoff from Colorado University. Bekoff studied coyote pups at play and found that the kind of behavior involved was obviously more variable and unpredictable than that of adults. He also reasons that such behavior activates many different parts of the brain. ___38___ “There’s enormous cognitive involvement in play,” says Bekoff. He points out that play often involves complex assessments of playmates and the use of specialized signals and rules. He believes that play creates a brain that has greater behavioral flexibility and improved potential for learning later in life. ___39___ A. Play just lights everything up. B. The importance of playfulness is drawing more attention. C. The latest idea suggests that play has developed to build big brains. D. A popular explanation is that it helps children develop the skills they will later need. E. Think of the relative ease with which kids—but not babies or adults—absorb language. F. Not only is more of the brain involved in play, but it also activates higher cognitive processes. G. Comparing fifteen orders of mammal, his team found larger brains are linked to greater playfulness. 【答案】35. C 36. G 37. E 38. F 39. A 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了游戏有助于开发更大、更好的大脑。 【35题详解】 空前说如果游戏不仅仅是一种娱乐方式，那么它的发展还有什么其他的原因呢?此处承接上文，是对前一句的回答，故C项（最新的想法表明，游戏已经发展到培养大的大脑）符合语境。 【36题详解】 空前说加拿大莱思布里奇大学的塞尔吉奥·佩利斯报告说，在哺乳动物中，大脑的大小和爱玩性之间成正比，此处举例说明这种正比关系，故G项（通过比较15种哺乳动物，他的研究小组发现，大脑越大，越爱玩）符合语境。 【37题详解】 空前说如果你计算出孩子在成长过程中每天花在游戏上的时间，你就会发现一个典型的与“敏感期”相关的模式——一个短暂的发展窗口，在此期间，大脑实际上可以以不可能在生命早期或晚期进行调整的方式进行调整，此处是对前面的举例说明，说的是关于孩童时期而不是生命的其他阶段的内容，故E项（想想孩子们而不是婴儿或成人吸收语言的相对容易程度）符合语境。 【38题详解】 空后贝科夫说：“游戏中有大量的认知参与”，因此此处是说游戏有助于培养大脑的认知能力，故F项（大脑不仅更多地参与游戏，而且还激活了更高的认知过程）符合语境。 【39题详解】 空前说贝科夫认为，游戏创造了一种大脑，它具有更大的行为灵活性，并提高了以后学习的潜力，此处总结上文，说的是游戏对大脑的好处，故A项（游戏会点亮一切）符合语境。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） （共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 Tips for Dealing with Seasonal Affective Disorder Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that sets in or starts in the winter. Unlike other types of depression, it may improve as spring comes on. It is often a periodic occurring disorder‑you’ll feel depressed every winter and begin to feel better each spring. SAD depression is caused by lowered levels of serotonin (血清素), the mood‑affecting brain chemical that is caused by seasonal changes in daylight. Shorter days may also disrupt the body’s biological clock, which upsets the balance of melatonin (褪黑激素), the hormone which regulates mood and sleep patterns. Seasonal affective disorder is far more common in northern climates, where days can be very short in winter. SAD affects more women than men and is more likely to occur in people under age 40 than those older than that. Although any amount of outdoor light can help raise serotonin levels, getting light in the morning seems to offer the most benefit. If the weather permits, take a walk. In your home or office, try sitting close to a window that faces south. Replacing light bulbs in your home with full spectrum light bulbs can help because they give out light similar to sunlight. Studies have shown that increasing your exercise routine can counteract SAD. Exercise raises levels of serotonin. Moderate exercise, which means neither too much nor too little exercise, such as walking, riding a stationary bike or swimming is a great way to get started. But any activities that raise your heart rate, including daily chores, can help, especially if you can do them outdoors or near a sunny window. Yoga, jogging and Tai chi can all help lift your mood. 40. According to the passage, what is SAD? ________________________________________________________________ 41. Who are more likely to suffer from SAD? ________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why. ▶ Increasing exercise routine can fight against SAD, and people should do a large amount of exercise to get started. ________________________________________________________________ 43. Seasons bring not only depression but also happiness. Which season can cheer you up? And why? (In about 40 words) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. It is a type of winter depression that often improves in spring. 41. Women and people under age 40. 42. False statement: people should do a large amount of exercise to get started. Reason: The passage says we should start with moderate exercise, not too much. 43. 示例：I like spring best. Warm sunshine and fresh air always cheer me up. Flowers come out and everything looks lively. I often take walks outside and feel relaxed and hopeful. 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍季节性情绪失调SAD的定义、易发人群，并给出利用光照、运动等方法缓解该病症的建议。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that sets in or starts in the winter. Unlike other types of depression, it may improve as spring comes on.(季节性情绪失调（SAD）是一种在冬季发作的抑郁症。与其他类型抑郁症不同，随着春天到来，症状会好转。)”可知，SAD是一种冬季抑郁症，常在春天好转。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“SAD affects more women than men and is more likely to occur in people under age 40 than those older than that.(SAD对女性的影响多于男性，并且相较于年龄更大的人，它更容易发生在40岁以下人群身上。)”可知，更容易患上SAD的人群是女性以及40岁以下的人。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Moderate exercise, which means neither too much nor too little exercise, such as walking, riding a stationary bike or swimming is a great way to get started.(适度运动，即运动量不多也不少，例如散步、骑健身单车或游泳，是很好的入门方式。)”可知，文章建议从适度运动开始，而不是大量运动，所以这句话错误。 【43题详解】 开放性题目，言之有理即可。题干：季节不仅带来抑郁，也带来快乐。哪个季节能让你高兴起来？为什么？可回答：我最喜欢春天。温暖的阳光和新鲜的空气总是使我心情愉快。花儿开放，一切都显得生机勃勃。我经常到户外散步，感到放松而又充满希望。故答案为I like spring best. Warm sunshine and fresh air always cheer me up. Flowers come out and everything looks lively. I often take walks outside and feel relaxed and hopeful. 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华，你的初中好友 Jim 发来邮件，询问你的近况。请你回复一封邮件，向他介绍你的高中生活，内容包含： 1. 校园环境、师生氛围、课程设置或校园活动等相关情况； 2. 个人感受以及对未来的期许； 3. 询问 Jim 的高中生活近况。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文： Dear Jim, I’m glad to receive your email. I’m writing to tell you something about my high school life. Our school has green trees and modern teaching buildings. Teachers are patient and classmates are friendly. Besides basic courses, we can take part in various after-school activities, such as sports meetings and science clubs. At first, I found the schoolwork a little challenging, but I’m gradually getting used to it. I hope I can make greater progress and develop more hobbies in the coming days. How is your high school life going? I’m looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以红星中学李华的身份回复初中好友Jim的邮件，介绍自己的高中生活，包含校园情况、个人感受与未来期许，并询问Jim的高中近况。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴的：glad → thrilled 现代的：modern → contemporary 各种各样的：various → diverse 培养：develop → cultivate 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Besides basic courses, we can take part in various after-school activities, such as sports meetings and science clubs. 拓展句：Besides basic courses, we can take part in various after-school activities, which include sports meetings and science clubs. 【点睛】【高分句型1】 I’m writing to tell you something about my high school life. (运用了不定式作目的状语。) 【高分句型2】I hope I can make greater progress and develop more hobbies in the coming days. (运用了省略that的宾语从句。) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京市丰台区建华学校2026‑2027学年第一学期10月月考 高一英语 时间 90分钟 满分 100分 第一部分:知识运用(共两节,30分) 第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分) 阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 The View from the Slow Lane As we pulled into the driveway, I noticed that something seemed different about my mom. She was facing away from me, her shoulders dropped and her hands relaxed. I parked the car and she turned toward me. “Okay, we’re home,” I said, ____1____ that now was her time to get out and let me be on my own. She sniffed and brushed her hair behind her ears to reveal her bloodshot eyes and moist cheeks. She had been crying. “Mom!” I whined (嘟囔着说), surprised by the tears running down her face. “Why are you crying?” I asked. ____2____, I already knew the answer. I had just got my license, which I’d been looking forward to for months. I was free — able to drive myself where I needed to go. But now that I had it in my pocket, I suddenly felt ____3____. I had been so quick to grow up, completely ignoring the emotions that my mom must be experiencing with her first son nearing adulthood. “My baby boy is growing up too fast,” she ____4____ to say between deep breaths. My heart ached. I hated to see my mom cry, and I hated more that I had been so ignorant toward her feelings. I had been counting down the days, ____5____ waiting to enter the next stage of my life, while she counted down with fear and heartache. The ____6____ and freedom I had previously felt were gone, replaced by an odd sense of mourning. We hugged. Then she looked me in the eye and told me to drive carefully. “Of course I will,” I reassured her. She unbuckled her seatbelt, opened the door, and stepped out. I waved goodbye and pulled out of the driveway. I had been so ____7____ to start speeding and skirting around corners that I’d forgotten just how beautiful the ride is. Now I cruised (漫游) down the peaceful two‑lane road, enjoying the sights, sounds, and smells of the nature that surrounds me. At that moment I made a promise to myself, a promise to take things ____8____ and to never, ever, catch myself speeding again. Life had passed me by while I lived my days in fast forward, ignorantly wishing for tomorrow and ____9____ to notice all the beautiful things along the way. Friendships, victories, heartbreaks — have sped by me because I was too busy looking toward the future. It seems life also has its own speed limit, and if you find yourself going too fast, you risk ____10____ the moments that make it so special. 1. A. fearing B. implying C. remembering D. considering 2. A. in case B. now that C. as though D. even though 3. A. guilty B. anxious C. annoyed D. disappointed 4. A. tried B. managed C. intended D. hesitated 5. A. unwillingly B. impatiently C. nervously D. thankfully 6. A. luck B. honor C. delight D. gratitude 7. A. afraid B. confident C. surprised D. excited 8. A. easy B. slow C. wrong D. personal 9. A. trying B. failing C. refusing D. pretending 10. A. wasting B. losing C. missing D. deleting 第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Zhang Tian graduated from university and got a teacher’s certificate last year. His parents, like most, hoped he would go to a big city to find a teaching job. Likewise, his friends all ____11____ (leave) his hometown for work in Shanghai or Beijing. Zhang Tian felt differently, however. He wanted to start a new lifestyle. He had met wonderful teachers from small villages during his early school years and he ____12____ (inspire) by them to go and teach ____13____ he was needed the most. For that reason he applied and became a volunteer teacher in a village school. ____14____ (bring) with him lots of books, clothes, and two pairs of trainers, Zhang Tian travelled to the village with an eager heart. He imagined all sorts of exciting things about living ____15____ (dependent) and teaching in a village. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Bogues was only 1.6 metres tall, ___16___made him the shortest player ever in the NBA. Guess what? Paul was only 1.6 metres tall, too! Paul knew that being shorter than other players meant that he had to practise more. During all those hours of doing jump shots on his own, he used Bogues as his ___17___ (inspire). Paul once said, “If Bogues could make it, why not me?” Our coach was not so sure. Paul had to try out many times just for making the team. He was still usually on the bench, being just a replacement, which was really tough on him. Everyone knew Paul had real skills, and was someone ___18___ worked really hard and had a strong desire to play for the team. However, Paul didn’t get a chance. This week, The Lions were playing our main ___19___ (compete), The Bears, a team ___20___ record this season had been perfect. They hadn’t lost a single game. It would be a tough one. Paul didn’t know he’d soon get the chance that he’d been waiting for. 第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,38分) 第一节 (共14小题;每小题2分,共28分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A This Tiny Box Will Help You Relax In Terrible Summer Heat! Traditional Air Conditioners (AC) are outdated. They cost a lot to install and even more to run. They are huge, noisy, and dangerous to clean. You can’t move them around the house with you or take them outside! Thousands of people are now using a much cheaper alternative to cool themselves in the heat and clean their personal air. With over a million units sold worldwide, this device is becoming one of the most successful gadgets of 2024. EVERYONE wants this awesome looking box for summer! What Are We Talking About? Meet the new AirFreez, an innovative alternative to AC that cools you just the same! It’s a perfect solution for those very hot days and nights! The AirFreez was designed by two Swiss engineers who were fed up with suffering hot summers. They realized that none of the traditional AC units were made to travel with us. So, they designed this light‑weight, portable Air Cooling box. It uses a very small amount of electricity and all without sacrificing any of the main benefits of a top AC model! It’s tiny, easy to use and it can cool you in seconds! What Is So Special About This Little Box? The main benefits of AirFreez are its portability and price. It is no larger than a lunchbox. Besides, it can be powered by a pocket solar panel or battery pack and you probably have the world’s most portable AC unit. AND There Is One More Thing. The price is just amazing. Most AC units cost at least $300+ AND you have to pay for installation PLUS cover the expensive electricity bills each month. AirFreez costs less than $100 (Actually $53 for each if you buy more than one here). No messy installation, no expensive electricity bills. For a Cooling unit of this quality, this must be the single best price‑quality AC unit there is! How Can You Get An AirFreez? Now that you are aware of this amazing new invention, here is how to get one — order it from the Official Website for BEST PRICE. 21. Which of the following words can best describe AirFreez? A. Smart but fragile. B. Costly but multi‑functional. C. Light but energy‑saving. D. Hardy and energy‑saving. 22. What can we learn about AirFreez? A. It costs less than $53. B. It requires no complex installation. C. It doesn’t consume electricity. D. It is a little larger than a lunch box. 23. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To advertise AirFreez. B. To explain the functions of AirFreez. C. To introduce the inventors of AirFreez. D. To compare AirFreez with traditional AC. B I got married just after I graduated from college and found a job to support our family at the nearby Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). It was in the laboratory of Prof. Edward Lorenz that I learned what a computer was and how to develop software. One day my husband saw a newspaper advertisement. The MIT Instrumentation Laboratory was looking for people to develop software to “send man to the moon”. Deeply attracted both by the idea and the fact that it had never been done before, I became the first programmer to join and the first woman the lab hired. At the beginning, nobody thought software was such a big deal. But then they began to realize how much they were relying on it. Our software needed to be very reliable and able to detect an error and recover from it at any time during the mission. My daughter, Lauren, liked to imitate me — playing astronaut. One day, she was with me when I was doing a simulation (模拟) of a mission to the moon. She started hitting keys and all of a sudden, she selected a program which was supposed to be run before launch. The computer had so little space that it wiped the navigation data taking her to the moon. I thought: my God — this could happen by accident in a real mission. I suggested a program change to prevent a prelaunch program being selected during flight. But the higher‑ups at MIT and NASA said the astronauts were too well trained to make such a mistake. On the very next mission, Apollo 8, one of the astronauts on board accidentally did exactly what Lauren had done! The Lauren bug! It created destruction and required the mission to be rearranged. After that, they let me put the program change in. It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11. During the early days of Apollo, software was not taken as seriously as other engineering disciplines (学科). It was out of desperation I came up with the term “software engineering”. Then one day in a meeting, one of the most respected hardware experts explained to everyone that he agreed with me that the process of building software should also be considered an engineering discipline, just like with hardware. It was a memorable moment. 24. What do we know about the author? A. She taught Lauren to write software. B. She got her master’s degree from MIT. C. She is the first woman ever hired by MIT. D. She created the term “software engineering”. 25. What greatly contributed to Apollo 11’s success according to the passage? A. The in‑time upload of data. B. The program change. C. Astronauts’ rich experience. D. Experts' new attitude. 26. What can we learn from Margaret’s story? A. Honesty is the best policy. B. A good beginning is half done. C. Two heads are better than one. D. Small things can make a big difference. C From linguists’ point of view, grammar is a set of patterns for how words are put together to form phrases or clauses, whether in spoken or written. Different languages have different patterns. Some scholars have tried to identify patterns common to all languages. But apart from some basic features, few of these so‑called linguistic universals have been found. The study of these patterns opens up “an ongoing debate” between two positions, known as prescriptivism and descriptivism. For much of history, the vast majority of language was spoken. But as people became more interconnected, writing gained importance. Written language was standardized to allow broader communication and ensure that people in different parts around could understand each other. Language purists worked to establish and promote this standard by detailing a set of rules that reflected the established grammar of their times. And rules for written grammar were applied to spoken language as well. Speech patterns that deviated from the written rules were considered signs of low social status. And many people who are grown‑ups speaking in these ways were forced to adopt the standardized form. More recently, however, linguists have understood that speech is a separate phenomenon from writing with its own regularities and patterns. Most of us learn to speak at such an early age that we don’t even remember it. We form our spoken skills through unconscious habits, not memorized rules. And because speech also uses mood and intonation for meaning, its structure is often more flexible, adapting to the needs of speakers and listeners. This could mean avoiding complex clauses that are hard to understand in real time, making changes to avoid awkward pronunciation or removing sounds to make speech faster. This linguistic approach that tries to understand and map such differences without dictating correct ones is known as descriptivism. Rather than deciding how language should be used, it describes how people actually use it and tracks the innovation they come up with in the process. But while the debate between prescriptivism and descriptivism continues, the two are not mutually exclusive. At its best, prescriptivism is useful for informing people about the most common established patterns at a given point in time. Ultimately, grammar is best considered as a set of linguistic habits that are constantly being negotiated and reinvented by the entire group of language users. Like language itself, it’s a wonderful and complex fabric woven through the contributions of speakers and listeners, writers and readers, prescriptivists and descriptivists from both near and far. 27. The underlined word “deviated” in paragraph 3 probably means ________. A. copied B. updated C. differed D. originated 28. According to the passage, prescriptivism ________. A. focuses on established language patterns B. accepts the differences between languages C. follows the innovations in language patterns D. attaches more importance to written language 29. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. A new understanding of grammar. B. The ongoing debate between linguists. C. The impact of grammar on language. D. The history of grammar. 30. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Grammar: Rules or Habits. B. The Belief held by prescriptivists. C. Grammar: Rules of Grammar. D. Grammar: Writing Rules. D If you look across the entire lifespan, what you see is an average increase in desirable personality traits（特点）.Psychologists call this the “maturity principle” and it’s comforting to know that, assuming your personality follows a typical course, then the older you get, the maturer you will become. However, it’s not such good news for young adolescents, because at this point, something known as the “disruption hypothesis” kicks in. Consider a study of Dutch teenagers who completed personality tests each year for six or seven years from 2005. The boys showed a temporary dip in conscientiousness—orderliness and self-discilpline in early adolescence, and the girls showed a temporary increase in neuroticism—emotional instability. This seems to back up some of the stereotypes we have of messy teen bedrooms and mood swings. Thankfully, this decline in personality is short-lived, with the Dutch data showing that the teenagers’ previous positive traits rebound（反弹）in later adolescence. Both parents and their teenage children agree that changes occur, but surprisingly, the perceived change can depend on who is measuring, according to a 2017 study of over 2,700 German teenagers. They rated their own personalities twice, at age 11 and age 14, and their parents also rated their personalities at these times. Some differences emerged: for instance, while the teenagers rated themselves as declining in agreeability, their parents saw this decline as much shaper. Also, the teens saw themselves as increasingly extroverted（外向的）, but their parents saw them as increasingly introverted. This mismatch can perhaps be explained by the big changes underway in the parent-child relationship brought on by teenagers’ growing desire for autonomy and privacy. The researchers point out that parents and teens might also be using different reference points—parents are measuring their teenagers’ traits against a typical adult, while the teenagers are comparing their own traits against those displayed by their peers. This is in line with several further studies, which also reveal a pattern of a temporary reduction in advantageous traits in early adolescence. The general picture of the teenage years as a temporary personality “disruption” therefore seems accurate. In fact, we’re only just beginning to understand the complex mix of genetic and environmental factors that contribute to individual patterns of personality change. Studies also offer some clues for how we might create more nurturing environments for teenagers to aid their personality development. This is an approach worth pushing further given that teenage personality traits are predictive of experiences in later life. For instance, one British study of over 4,000 teenagers showed that those who scores lower in conscientiousness were twice as likely to be unemployed later in life, in comparison with those who scored higher. People focus so much on teaching teenagers facts and getting them to pass exams, but perhaps they ought to pay at least as much attention to helping nurture their personalities. 31. Which of the following can be an example of “disruption hypothesis”? A. A kindergarten kid cries over a toy. B. A boy in high school cleans his own room. C. A teenage girl feels sad for unknown reason. D. A college graduate feels stressed out by work. 32. According to the study of German teenagers ______. A. parent give their teens too much automony and privacy B. teens are more optimistic about their personality changes C. teens and parents have the same personality rating standard D. parents and teens can later agree on teens’ personality decline 33. We can infer from the last three paragraphs that ______. A. teens should pay less attention to their scores in exams B. developing teens’ personality has a long-term effect in their life C. people’s success in later life depends on teenage personality traits D. environmental factors outweigh genetic ones for personality change 34. What is the author’s attitude towards present teenager personality education? A. Dissatisfied. B. Approving. C. Neutral. D. Cautious. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Play Helps Develop Bigger, Better Brains! Playing is a serious business. Children absorbed in a make-believe world, baby foxes play-fighting or kittens teasing a ball of string aren’t just having fun. Play may look like a carefree way to pass the time before the hard work of adulthood comes along, but there’s much more to it. If play is not simply a way to have fun, for what other reasons has it developed? ___35___ (66) Earlier this year, Sergio Pellis of Lethbridge University, Canada, reported that there is a strong positive link between brain size and playfulness among mammals in general. ___36___ The opposite was also found to be true. According to John Byers of Idaho University, the timing of the playful stage in young animals provides an important clue to what’s going on. If you plot the amount of time a child devotes to play each day over the course of its development, you discover a pattern typically associated with a “sensitive period”—a brief development window during which the brain can actually be adjusted in ways that are not possible earlier or later in life. ___37___ “People have not paid enough attention to the amount of the brain activated by play,” says Mare Bekoff from Colorado University. Bekoff studied coyote pups at play and found that the kind of behavior involved was obviously more variable and unpredictable than that of adults. He also reasons that such behavior activates many different parts of the brain. ___38___ “There’s enormous cognitive involvement in play,” says Bekoff. He points out that play often involves complex assessments of playmates and the use of specialized signals and rules. He believes that play creates a brain that has greater behavioral flexibility and improved potential for learning later in life. ___39___ A. Play just lights everything up. B. The importance of playfulness is drawing more attention. C. The latest idea suggests that play has developed to build big brains. D. A popular explanation is that it helps children develop the skills they will later need. E. Think of the relative ease with which kids—but not babies or adults—absorb language. F. Not only is more of the brain involved in play, but it also activates higher cognitive processes. G. Comparing fifteen orders of mammal, his team found larger brains are linked to greater playfulness. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） （共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 Tips for Dealing with Seasonal Affective Disorder Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that sets in or starts in the winter. Unlike other types of depression, it may improve as spring comes on. It is often a periodic occurring disorder‑you’ll feel depressed every winter and begin to feel better each spring. SAD depression is caused by lowered levels of serotonin (血清素), the mood‑affecting brain chemical that is caused by seasonal changes in daylight. Shorter days may also disrupt the body’s biological clock, which upsets the balance of melatonin (褪黑激素), the hormone which regulates mood and sleep patterns. Seasonal affective disorder is far more common in northern climates, where days can be very short in winter. SAD affects more women than men and is more likely to occur in people under age 40 than those older than that. Although any amount of outdoor light can help raise serotonin levels, getting light in the morning seems to offer the most benefit. If the weather permits, take a walk. In your home or office, try sitting close to a window that faces south. Replacing light bulbs in your home with full spectrum light bulbs can help because they give out light similar to sunlight. Studies have shown that increasing your exercise routine can counteract SAD. Exercise raises levels of serotonin. Moderate exercise, which means neither too much nor too little exercise, such as walking, riding a stationary bike or swimming is a great way to get started. But any activities that raise your heart rate, including daily chores, can help, especially if you can do them outdoors or near a sunny window. Yoga, jogging and Tai chi can all help lift your mood. 40. According to the passage, what is SAD? ________________________________________________________________ 41. Who are more likely to suffer from SAD? ________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why. ▶ Increasing exercise routine can fight against SAD, and people should do a large amount of exercise to get started. ________________________________________________________________ 43. Seasons bring not only depression but also happiness. Which season can cheer you up? And why? (In about 40 words) ________________________________________________________________ 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华，你的初中好友 Jim 发来邮件，询问你的近况。请你回复一封邮件，向他介绍你的高中生活，内容包含： 1. 校园环境、师生氛围、课程设置或校园活动等相关情况； 2. 个人感受以及对未来的期许； 3. 询问 Jim 的高中生活近况。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $