精品解析：上海复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年第一学期高二年级英语学科9月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试题

复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科9月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Never Skip Sleep Stress, scientists also know, can speed up aging, and a body that’s not sleeping enough looks similar to one that’s stressed out — it’s highly reactive to threats, even when those threats don’t have any real risk. Biologically speaking, there’s virtually no difference in the way a body reacts to a noise in the middle of the night or a stressful work deadline: in ____1____ of the cases, fight-or-flight mode is triggered (触发), blood pressure rises, breathing gets shallow, and the heart starts to race. That’s what happens to a body on no sleep too. Those stress reactions can be useful, of course: they enable you ____2____ (respond) more readily to an actual physical threat. But that’s not usually what ____3____ (go) on. And staying in an alert mode can trigger a number of unhealthy conditions, the most damaging of ____4____ is inflammation (发炎). Inflammation is the body’s natural defense system ____5____ injury or invading microbes like bacteria and viruses. But inflammation can also become long-term, and that’s when the real trouble starts. Long-term inflammation, doctors now know, is a(n) ____6____ (lead) driver of many diseases, and one of the main drivers of long-term inflammation is, of course, not sleeping enough. Getting a decent night’s sleep, then, is good advice for all of us. Americans spent a(n) ____7____ (estimate) $41 billion on sleeping pills and other sleep aids in 2015; ____8____ much we may boast about our diligence, we know that we need sleep, even if we don’t always know why. But scientists do. That’s ____9____ experts are insisting, with increasing frequency and noise, that sleep be a priority — as important or more than what you eat and how much you exercise. We wouldn’t dream of skipping meals on a regular basis, so why _____10_____ (skip) sleep? Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. chairs B. competitors C. contributes D. decline E. emit F. licensed G. limit H. paralleled I. record J. symbol K. worthless Kangaroos in Australia Across Australia’s most populous state, at least 5 million kangaroos are thought to have died terrible deaths since one of the country’s worst droughts (干旱) began nearly four years ago. The crisis has urged calls for changes to how Australia manages a national ___11___. Surveys indicate Australia has more than 40 million kangaroos, nearly twice the number of humans. That marks a(n) ___12___ of about 16 million in recent years, largely due to drought. Rangelands in eastern Australia, home to millions of kangaroos, have just had their driest three-year period on ___13___. On a recent drive, Geoff Wise, a veterinarian (兽医) from Dubbo, says he spotted a kangaroo dead of hunger or thirst or killed by a passing vehicle roughly every 200 metres. Mr Wise ___14___ a body that recently held a conference about managing the kangaroo population. State governments allow “commercial harvesting” of four kangaroo species for meat and fur. The kangaroo industry ___15___ about $170 million a year to Australia’s economy. George Wilson of the Australian National University says it could be more if farmers could see kangaroos as livestock (家畜), not as ___16___ for the grass and water consumed by cattle and sheep. Expanding the industry this way would bring better controls over kangaroos’ welfare, and help the environment. Kangaroos can survive on just 1.5 litres of water a day. They ___17___ far less methane, a greenhouse gas. And their meat has less fat and more protein. The states typically permit ___18___ professionals to kill up to 15% of the total kangaroo population. Last year, for instance, the ___19___ across the four states with the biggest number of kangaroos was set at 7 million. But for some time, the kangaroo hunters have used only some of their quotas (定额), sometimes killing just 3.5% of the population. That is because demand for kangaroo meat and fur has been falling. A campaign by animal-rights activists urged California, once a big market, to stop imports three years ago. Mr Wilson says this has made skins “____20____”, without bringing any improvement in kangaroo welfare. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Every decade, the average height of people in Europe grows another centimetre. Every year, more and more truly big people are born. However, this does not mean humanity is producing a new super race. In fact, we are ____21____ what we were like as cavemen. Only now are we ____22____ the effects of generations of poor diet. For most of human history, our ancestors got their food from a wide variety of sources: women gathered herbs (草药), fruits and berries, while men added to these with occasional kills of animals. One research study found that they based their diet on 85 different wild plants, for example. Then about 9,000 years ago, agriculture was ____23____, with destructive consequences. Most of the planet’s green places have been gradually ____24____ by farmers, with the result that just three carbohydrate (碳水化合物)-rich plants — wheat, rice and maize — provide more than half of the calories consumed by the human race today. This poor diet has had a disastrous effect. Over the centuries we have lived on soups and breads that have left us underfed and ____25____. In one study in Ohio, scientists discovered that when they began to grow corn, healthy hunter-gatherers were turned into sickly, underweight ____26____. Tooth decay increased, as did diseases. Far from being one of the ____27____ of the New World, corn was a public health disaster, according to some anthropologists (人类学家). ____28____, from then on agriculture spread because a piece of farmed land could support ten times the number of people who had previously lived off it as hunter-gatherers. The fact that most people relying on this system are poorly nourished has only ____29____ been handled, even by the world’s wealthier nations. Only in some countries are diets again reflecting the ____30____ of our ancestors’ diets. As a result, the average man in the US is now 179 cm, in Holland 180 cm, and in Japan 177 cm. It is a(n) ____31____ trend, though not without its own problems. Heights may have risen, but the world has not moved on, it seems. A standard bed-length has remained at 190 cm since 1860. ____32____, leg-room in planes and trains seems to have shrunk rather than grown, while clothes manufacturers are constantly having to revise their range of products. However, scientists add one note of qualification. Individuals may be growing taller because of improved nutrition, but as a species we are actually ____33____. During the last ice age, 10,000 years ago, members of the human race were slightly rounder and taller — an evolutionary response to the ____34____. Since the climate warmed, we appear to have got slightly thinner and smaller, even when ____35____ fed. And as the planet continues to heat up, we may get even thinner and smaller. 21. A. returning to B. relying on C. agreeing with D. looking for 22. A. suffering B. defending C. losing D. seeing 23. A. invented B. discussed C. neglected D. replaced 24. A. taken over B. settled down C. passed on D. made up 25. A. over-rated B. over-consumed C. under-corrected D. underdeveloped 26. A. workers B. farmers C. researchers D. soldiers 27. A. discovery B. symbol C. nature D. blessings 28. A. Nevertheless B. Consequently C. Furthermore D. Namely 29. A. unintentionally B. theoretically C. recently D. scarcely 30. A. shortage B. safety C. quantity D. richness 31. A. average B. similar C. welcome D. curious 32. A. In effect B. To conclude C. For example D. Even worse 33. A. developing B. awakening C. shrinking D. suspecting 34. A. wildlife B. cold C. starvation D. crisis 35. A. unhealthily B. properly C. randomly D. regularly Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Early on, by age nine perhaps, I discovered my passion for both reading and writing fiction. The discovery was sudden and unexpected: one very hot summer day in Birmingham (no air conditioning), while reading, I realized I was trembling with cold. I had become caught up in a Laura Ingalls Wilder description of a snowstorm. How is this possible? I asked myself, and the answer came immediately. It’s these words. Just these words have made me feel cold. Full of wonder and admiration for Laura’s writing, I thought, I’d like to be able to do that someday. Nonetheless, I found myself beginning college as a premedical student with the intention of becoming a doctor. You see, I wanted to do good, or to be a good person, one devoted to the welfare of others. And what of my own love of reading and my interest in imaginative writing? Both still gave me immense pleasure, though I was failing chemistry. But what good is literature? I asked myself. And I asked my serious-minded student friends the same question. To spend my life merely doing what I loved seemed unacceptably self-centered. One day in a literature class at my small, excellent liberal arts college, the knowledgeable professor, who was also dean of the college, posed a question that none of us could answer: “In what way are Huck of Huckleberry Finn and Pip of Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations alike?” While I did not know the answer, what I did know—in a strange flash of awareness—was that whatever the answer, it would be of crucial importance to the young man sitting across the corridor from me. And who was he? A brilliant person, a troubled person for all his brilliance, someone I loved and admired. The professor answered his own question. “Both are boys in search of a father.” And I knew my friend across the corridor, through literature, suddenly understood his own confusion. He knew in an instinctive way something of vital importance. What was true of those fictive boys was also true of him: he needed to become a guiding father to himself. The class was over. As my friend Dwight and I walked out the door together into the hall, he said without looking at me, “And how can you doubt, Sena, that literature can do good in the world?” Without looking at him, but sure both his eyes and my eyes were shined with tears, I replied, “I know. I know.” I knew that literature could and does make ideas and feelings real, dramatic, and accessible in a way that enhances the quality of our lives. And so I gave myself permission to embrace a literary life, both as reader and as writer. If something I might come to write offered one wonderful person a new and needed perspective, then I could justify choosing a life for myself in literature. That was all a very long time ago, about half a century ago. My friend would die in an auto accident before he was twenty-one. And I would live to be extraordinarily happy in my choice of professions. This I believe: that the arts must be a part of education at all levels, that the arts can and do offer us not only pleasure but also invaluable insights into ourselves and our world. 36. What was the embarrassing situation Sena the author of the passage faced? A. She was attracted by Laura’s writing but felt extremely cold. B. She did not know how to answer the question but it was important. C. She loved literature but wanted to do something good for humanity. D. She admired her brilliant friend Dwight but he died in an accident. 37. The author of the passage mentioned her friend Dwight to demonstrate_________. A. only he could answer the professor’s question B. he was the very person she loved and admired C. literature becomes a guiding father to himself D. literature offers us priceless insights into ourselves 38. It can be concluded that the author decided to_________. A. follow her passion for being a doctor B. devote herself to literature in her life C. be a reader to enhance the quality of her life D. be a doctor and engaged in literature sometimes 39. What might be the best title for the passage? A. A life in literature B. A medical career C. An unforgettable lesson D. An unexpected accident （B） Official Ticketing Service Welcome to the official Louvre online sales site The Musée du Louvre is reopening and we are glad to be able to welcome you back again. In line with the measures taken to prevent the spread of COVID-19, visitors will be required to wear a mask. According to government recommendations, all visitors to the Louvre aged 12 years and two months or older must show a Health Pass. All visitors, including those entitled to free admission, must book a time period. Please accept our apologies for the inconvenience. Individual tickets for the Museum Admission and reservation of a time period to access the permanent collections. Tickets valid for the selected date only. Full list of visitors entitled to free admission at Louvre.fr. General admission: €18 The Musée du Louvre is open every day — except Tuesdays, January 1, May 1 and December 25— from 9:00 am to 6:00 pm. Visitors will be asked to leave the exhibition rooms 30 minutes before closure. All tickets purchased online are time-stamped and nominative (记名的); you may therefore be asked to provide proof of identity. They are only valid for the service, date and time selected. They cannot be used to skip the queue but do guarantee access to the museum within half an hour of the time shown on the ticket. Any holder of an online ticket who does not arrive within the assigned time period for admission to the museum shall be subject to the same admission and waiting conditions as visitors without tickets. Visitors entitled to free admission (other than Louvre members) —Under 18s, proof of ID required —16-25 year-old residents of the European Economic Area (European Union, Norway, Iceland, and Liechtenstein), proof of ID and residency required Professionals —Teachers working in France, valid “Pass Education” required —Teachers of art, art history or the applied arts, valid proof of employment stating subject taught required —Artists with the Maison des Artistes or International Association of Art, valid proof required Other —Jobseekers, valid proof and ID required (dated within the last year or indicating a period of validity) —Disabled visitors and the person accompanying them 40. This passage mainly aims at ________ . A. introducing the exhibits at the Louvre B. providing ticketing information of the Louvre C. listing restrictions on admission to the Louvre D. clarifying the history of the Louvre 41. If a family in Norway, including the wife, an art teacher, the husband, an IT engineer, and a 10-year-old son, want to visit the Louvre this weekend, they should pay at least ________ in all. A. €18 B. €36 C. €45 D. €54 42. What can be learned about the Louvre from the passage? A. It is open every day except on Tuesdays. B. Its online tickets guarantee access to it at any time. C. Proof of ID is required for anyone buying its tickets online. D. Ticket holders may be refused to enter it if arriving an hour late. （C） The weekend is a recent invention, and its history is a reminder that arrangements we treat as natural were once contested and could be contested again. For most of recorded history, work was organised by daylight, by harvest or by religious obligation; the idea that a fixed proportion of the week should be reserved for rest, and that the rest should fall on the same two days for almost everyone, is barely a century old. Its origins lie in industrial conflict rather than benevolence. When factories replaced workshops, the boundary between work and the rest of life dissolved: the machine did not stop at dusk, and the owner who ran two shifts could undercut the one who ran a single shift. Early campaigners therefore asked not for shorter days but for a protected block of time, and they were resisted with an argument that has never quite disappeared — that rest is a cost imposed on production, and that a worker who does not wish to work will be replaced by one who does. What is striking, in retrospect, is how quickly the weekend was naturalised. Within two generations it had stopped looking like a concession won by organised labour and started looking like a fact about human beings — something the body requires, like food. The historian who studies it faces an unusual difficulty: the institution has been so thoroughly absorbed into common sense that its defenders no longer need to defend it, and its beneficiaries rarely ask what it is for. That complacency may now be the weekend’s greatest vulnerability. Remote work has not abolished the working week so much as dissolved its edges; the laptop travels home, and the boundary that a factory gate once enforced has to be maintained by the worker alone. Whether this represents liberation or a quiet extension of the working day is genuinely unclear, and it is unlikely to be settled by argument. Arrangements of this kind are decided by what people are able to refuse. None of which means the weekend will disappear. It means that its survival depends on something more fragile than custom: the continued ability of people to say no to the seventh day. The lesson of its history is not that rest is natural but that it was won, and that anything won can be given back. 43. What does the writer say about the weekend in the first paragraph? A. It has existed in its present form for centuries. B. It was originally religious in origin. C. It is a recent and contingent arrangement. D. It was introduced by factory owners as a reward. 44. Why did early campaigners demand a protected block of time rather than shorter days? A. Shorter days were opposed by religious authorities. B. Continuous production meant the working day had no natural end. C. They believed rest was more valuable than wages. D. Longer hours were already illegal. 45. What difficulty does the writer identify for historians of the weekend? A. There are almost no surviving records of early campaigns. B. Its origins lie outside the countries where it is studied. C. It has become so familiar that its purpose is no longer examined. D. Historians disagree about when it was first introduced. 46. What is the writer’s conclusion? A. Remote work has made the weekend obsolete. B. The weekend is natural and therefore permanent. C. Rest has to be actively defended to be kept. D. The weekend will certainly disappear within a generation. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Truth About Breakfast Is skipping breakfast a terrible way to start your day? Will you get hungry later, eat all the wrong things and put on weight? That is certainly what Public Health England and NHS guidelines currently say. But is it true? ____47____ A study last year from the German Diabetes Centre in Düsseldorf, for example, found that when they compared a group of people who skipped breakfast with a group who ate breakfast, those who skipped it were not only heavier but were also 33 per cent more likely to have type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) than those who didn’t. ____48____ The fact is that people who regularly eat breakfast also smoke less, drink less and tend to be more active than those who skip breakfast, factors which are likely to be of much greater importance than when you decide to break your fast. The best way to resolve the question is to do randomised controlled studies in which you ask breakfast skippers to eat breakfast, and vice versa, and see what happens. The good news is that a large number of these studies have been done. The bad news, for the advocates of ‘breakfast is the most important meal of the day’, is that randomised controlled trials have, on the whole, shown that getting people to eat breakfast may not serve the intended purpose. A large analysis recently published in the British Medical Journal pulled together results from a dozen studies. ____49____ In fact, the scientists found that people who are asked to skip breakfast, on average, take in 260 kcal less a day than those who eat it. They also weigh, on average, 0.44kg less. The researchers concluded that, “____50____” So the message is, if you enjoy eating breakfast (as I do), then fine. But if you prefer to wait and break your fast later in the day, then no harm done. A. There is plenty of evidence from numerous studies that eating breakfast is good for your health. B. It also pointed out that the alleged benefits for children are weak and largely observational. C. It found that although people who skip breakfast do eat more later in the day, they don’t eat enough to make up for the calories they skipped early on. D. Does eating ‘the most important meal of the day’ help you stay healthy? E. But just because people who skip breakfast tend to be less healthy, it doesn’t mean that breakfast is the reason. F. Caution is needed when recommending breakfast for weight loss in adults, as it could have the opposite effect. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. A Brief History of Silk Comfortable to wear whether the weather is hot or cold, silk is as popular today as it was 5,000 years ago when it was first manufactured. However, the history of silk has not always been as smooth as the fabric (织物) itself. Today’s basic silk-production process has changed very little since it first began. The fabric comes from silkworms which, although tiny when born, grow rapidly in size. Indeed, on a strict diet of mulberry leaves, it is estimated that they increase in weight by 10,000% over the first six weeks of their life. When they are fully grown, the silkworms create a cocoon—a protective shell made of silk. They then crawl inside in order to prepare for their next stage of development. However, for commercial silk production, these cocoons are then boiled, killing the worm inside, to ensure that the silk is not damaged. After this, the silk is gathered and prepared. A single cocoon can produce between 300 and 900 metres of silk thread. Although today silk is both grown and worn worldwide, the original production of silk was restricted to China. Likewise, in the sixth century, two monks managed to take some eggs all the way back to their native Byzantium (modern-day Istanbul, in Turkey). This was an event of great importance, since Europe was form that point able to manufacture its own silk. Before the monks’ success in bringing the silkworms out of China, Europeans were dependent on merchants bringing the fabric from East Asia across the mountain roads of Central Asia and the Middle East. Indeed, so much silk was transported that this trade route became known as Silk Road. Although man-made fibres (纤维) are cheaper and easier to manufacture, the beauty of silk is difficult to match, and there is always likely to be a large international market. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这家餐厅的服务和美食使它成为城里无与伦比的用餐体验。(second) (汉译英) ____________________________________________ 53. 针对需求的突然增加，公司迅速调整了策略。（response）(汉译英) ____________________________________________ 54. 我尽力向我的弟弟灌输坚持的重要性，希望能激励他追求自己的梦想。（impress）(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________ 55. 培养技能人才并非朝夕之功，还需要在畅通发展通道和完善保障政策等方面持续发力。(require) (汉译英) ____________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below. 假设你是明启中学高二学生李明，最近你校计划在图书馆内新购一批图书，特向全校师生征集意见，给图书馆写一封邮件，内容须包括： 1．你推荐图书馆新购何书； 2．简要描述该书的内容； 3．你推荐该书的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科9月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Never Skip Sleep Stress, scientists also know, can speed up aging, and a body that’s not sleeping enough looks similar to one that’s stressed out — it’s highly reactive to threats, even when those threats don’t have any real risk. Biologically speaking, there’s virtually no difference in the way a body reacts to a noise in the middle of the night or a stressful work deadline: in ____1____ of the cases, fight-or-flight mode is triggered (触发), blood pressure rises, breathing gets shallow, and the heart starts to race. That’s what happens to a body on no sleep too. Those stress reactions can be useful, of course: they enable you ____2____ (respond) more readily to an actual physical threat. But that’s not usually what ____3____ (go) on. And staying in an alert mode can trigger a number of unhealthy conditions, the most damaging of ____4____ is inflammation (发炎). Inflammation is the body’s natural defense system ____5____ injury or invading microbes like bacteria and viruses. But inflammation can also become long-term, and that’s when the real trouble starts. Long-term inflammation, doctors now know, is a(n) ____6____ (lead) driver of many diseases, and one of the main drivers of long-term inflammation is, of course, not sleeping enough. Getting a decent night’s sleep, then, is good advice for all of us. Americans spent a(n) ____7____ (estimate) $41 billion on sleeping pills and other sleep aids in 2015; ____8____ much we may boast about our diligence, we know that we need sleep, even if we don’t always know why. But scientists do. That’s ____9____ experts are insisting, with increasing frequency and noise, that sleep be a priority — as important or more than what you eat and how much you exercise. We wouldn’t dream of skipping meals on a regular basis, so why _____10_____ (skip) sleep? 【答案】1. both 2. to respond 3. is going 4. which 5. against 6. leading 7. estimated 8. however 9. why 10. skip 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍睡眠不足和压力会引发相似的应激反应，长期炎症由此产生并诱发多种疾病，强调睡眠应当和饮食、锻炼一样被优先重视。 【1题详解】 考查代词。句意：从生物学角度来说，身体对半夜的异响和有压力的工作截止日期的反应方式几乎没有区别：在这两种情况下，战斗或逃跑模式都会被触发，血压升高，呼吸变浅，心跳开始加速。前文提到两种情况，both表示两者都。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：当然，这些应激反应是有用的：它们让你对真实的人身威胁更快作出反应。固定搭配enable sb. to do sth.，不定式作宾语补足语。 【3题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：但这通常并不是正在发生的情况。what作主语，谓语用单数；结合语境用现在进行时is going。 【4题详解】 考查定语从句关系词。句意：持续处于警觉状态会引发多种不健康状况，其中危害最大的是炎症。介词+which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面unhealthy conditions。 【5题详解】 考查介词。句意：炎症是身体对抗损伤以及细菌、病毒这类入侵微生物的天然防御系统。against表示对抗、抵御。 【6题详解】 考查形容词。句意：医生现已了解，长期炎症是许多疾病的主要诱因，而长期炎症的主要诱因之一自然就是睡眠不足。形容词修饰名词driver，leading表示主要的。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：2015年，美国人在安眠药以及其他助眠产品上的花费估计达410亿美元。形容词化的过去分词estimated作定语，表被动含义，意为预估的。 【8题详解】 考查让步状语从句。句意：无论我们如何吹嘘自己勤奋，我们都知道自己需要睡眠，即便我们并不总清楚背后的原因。表示无论多么，用however引导让步状语从句。 【9题详解】 考查表语从句引导词。句意：这就是专家们越来越频繁、强烈地坚持睡眠应当优先的原因，其重要性不亚于甚至高于饮食和运动。表示……的原因，用why引导表语从句。 【10题详解】 考查动词。句意：我们绝不会想着经常不吃饭，那为什么要舍弃睡眠呢？固定句型why do sth.，此处why后直接接动词原形skip。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. chairs B. competitors C. contributes D. decline E. emit F. licensed G. limit H. paralleled I. record J. symbol K. worthless Kangaroos in Australia Across Australia’s most populous state, at least 5 million kangaroos are thought to have died terrible deaths since one of the country’s worst droughts (干旱) began nearly four years ago. The crisis has urged calls for changes to how Australia manages a national ___11___. Surveys indicate Australia has more than 40 million kangaroos, nearly twice the number of humans. That marks a(n) ___12___ of about 16 million in recent years, largely due to drought. Rangelands in eastern Australia, home to millions of kangaroos, have just had their driest three-year period on ___13___. On a recent drive, Geoff Wise, a veterinarian (兽医) from Dubbo, says he spotted a kangaroo dead of hunger or thirst or killed by a passing vehicle roughly every 200 metres. Mr Wise ___14___ a body that recently held a conference about managing the kangaroo population. State governments allow “commercial harvesting” of four kangaroo species for meat and fur. The kangaroo industry ___15___ about $170 million a year to Australia’s economy. George Wilson of the Australian National University says it could be more if farmers could see kangaroos as livestock (家畜), not as ___16___ for the grass and water consumed by cattle and sheep. Expanding the industry this way would bring better controls over kangaroos’ welfare, and help the environment. Kangaroos can survive on just 1.5 litres of water a day. They ___17___ far less methane, a greenhouse gas. And their meat has less fat and more protein. The states typically permit ___18___ professionals to kill up to 15% of the total kangaroo population. Last year, for instance, the ___19___ across the four states with the biggest number of kangaroos was set at 7 million. But for some time, the kangaroo hunters have used only some of their quotas (定额), sometimes killing just 3.5% of the population. That is because demand for kangaroo meat and fur has been falling. A campaign by animal-rights activists urged California, once a big market, to stop imports three years ago. Mr Wilson says this has made skins “____20____”, without bringing any improvement in kangaroo welfare. 【答案】11. J 12. D 13. I 14. A 15. C 16. B 17. E 18. F 19. G 20. K 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍澳大利亚遭遇严重干旱，大量袋鼠死亡，引发社会对于袋鼠种群管理的讨论，同时介绍袋鼠商业捕猎产业的经济、环保优势，以及受动物保护运动冲击后皮毛市场受挫的现状。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：这场危机促使人们呼吁改变澳大利亚管理这一国家象征的方式。根据上文“at least 5 million kangaroos are thought to have died terrible deaths since one of the country’s worst droughts (干旱) began nearly four years ago”可知，干旱造成袋鼠大量死亡，袋鼠作为澳大利亚标志性动物，这场危机引发对该物种管理方式的反思。symbol(象征)符合语境。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：这表明近年来大约减少了1600万，主要是干旱造成的。根据上文“at least 5 million kangaroos are thought to have died terrible deaths since one of the country’s worst droughts (干旱) began nearly four years ago”可知，干旱造成袋鼠死亡，种群数量下降。decline(下降，减少)符合文意。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：数百万袋鼠的栖息地——澳大利亚东部牧场，刚刚经历了有记录以来最干旱的三年。根据本句中“driest three‑year period”可知，此处是和过往记载的数据作对比，固定搭配on record表示“有记录以来”。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：怀斯先生在一个团体中担任主席，该团体近期举办了一场有关袋鼠种群管理的会议。根据下文“a body that recently held a conference about managing the kangaroo population”可知，Wise先生担任主席角色，chair(担任主席，主持)符合题意；主语Mr Wise为单数，谓语用第三人称单数chairs。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：袋鼠产业每年为澳大利亚经济贡献约1.7亿美元。根据本句“about $170 million a year to Australia’s economy”可知，此处在表达产业对经济的作用、贡献，固定搭配contribute…to…意为“为……贡献”，主语industry是单数，使用contributes。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：澳大利亚国立大学的乔治·威尔逊表示，如果农民将袋鼠视作家畜，而不是与牛羊争夺水草的竞争对手，该产业的收益还能更高。根据下文“for the grass and water consumed by cattle and sheep”可知，袋鼠会和牛羊争夺水草资源，是彼此的竞争者。competitors(竞争者)符合语境。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：它们排放的温室气体甲烷要少得多。根据下文“methane, a greenhouse gas”可知，此处表达袋鼠释放这种气体，emit表示“排放(气体)”。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：各州一般允许持证的专业人员捕杀最多占袋鼠总数量15%的袋鼠。根据后文“professionals to kill up to 15% of the total kangaroo population”并结合常识可知，商业捕猎需要资质许可，licensed意为“有执照的、持证的”，作定语修饰professionals。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：例如去年，袋鼠数量最多的四个州设定的捕杀限额为700万只。根据下文“set at 7 million”和“But for some time, the kangaroo hunters have used only some of their quotas (定额)”可知，quotas(定额)为本处线索，对应官方设定捕杀数量上限（700万只），limit(限额)符合句意。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：威尔逊先生表示，这让袋鼠皮变得一文不值，却没有改善袋鼠的福利。根据上文“A campaign by animal-rights activists urged California, once a big market, to stop imports three years ago.”可知，海外主要市场关闭，袋鼠皮毛失去销路，因此变得没有价值，worthless(无价值的)作宾语补足语。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Every decade, the average height of people in Europe grows another centimetre. Every year, more and more truly big people are born. However, this does not mean humanity is producing a new super race. In fact, we are ____21____ what we were like as cavemen. Only now are we ____22____ the effects of generations of poor diet. For most of human history, our ancestors got their food from a wide variety of sources: women gathered herbs (草药), fruits and berries, while men added to these with occasional kills of animals. One research study found that they based their diet on 85 different wild plants, for example. Then about 9,000 years ago, agriculture was ____23____, with destructive consequences. Most of the planet’s green places have been gradually ____24____ by farmers, with the result that just three carbohydrate (碳水化合物)-rich plants — wheat, rice and maize — provide more than half of the calories consumed by the human race today. This poor diet has had a disastrous effect. Over the centuries we have lived on soups and breads that have left us underfed and ____25____. In one study in Ohio, scientists discovered that when they began to grow corn, healthy hunter-gatherers were turned into sickly, underweight ____26____. Tooth decay increased, as did diseases. Far from being one of the ____27____ of the New World, corn was a public health disaster, according to some anthropologists (人类学家). ____28____, from then on agriculture spread because a piece of farmed land could support ten times the number of people who had previously lived off it as hunter-gatherers. The fact that most people relying on this system are poorly nourished has only ____29____ been handled, even by the world’s wealthier nations. Only in some countries are diets again reflecting the ____30____ of our ancestors’ diets. As a result, the average man in the US is now 179 cm, in Holland 180 cm, and in Japan 177 cm. It is a(n) ____31____ trend, though not without its own problems. Heights may have risen, but the world has not moved on, it seems. A standard bed-length has remained at 190 cm since 1860. ____32____, leg-room in planes and trains seems to have shrunk rather than grown, while clothes manufacturers are constantly having to revise their range of products. However, scientists add one note of qualification. Individuals may be growing taller because of improved nutrition, but as a species we are actually ____33____. During the last ice age, 10,000 years ago, members of the human race were slightly rounder and taller — an evolutionary response to the ____34____. Since the climate warmed, we appear to have got slightly thinner and smaller, even when ____35____ fed. And as the planet continues to heat up, we may get even thinner and smaller. 21. A. returning to B. relying on C. agreeing with D. looking for 22. A. suffering B. defending C. losing D. seeing 23. A. invented B. discussed C. neglected D. replaced 24. A. taken over B. settled down C. passed on D. made up 25. A. over-rated B. over-consumed C. under-corrected D. underdeveloped 26. A. workers B. farmers C. researchers D. soldiers 27. A. discovery B. symbol C. nature D. blessings 28. A. Nevertheless B. Consequently C. Furthermore D. Namely 29. A. unintentionally B. theoretically C. recently D. scarcely 30. A. shortage B. safety C. quantity D. richness 31. A. average B. similar C. welcome D. curious 32. A. In effect B. To conclude C. For example D. Even worse 33. A. developing B. awakening C. shrinking D. suspecting 34. A. wildlife B. cold C. starvation D. crisis 35. A. unhealthily B. properly C. randomly D. regularly 【答案】21. A 22. D 23. A 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. C 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. B 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述了现代人身高增长得益于饮食回归祖先多样化模式；农业兴起曾造成饮食单一、健康受损，而从物种层面看，气候变暖会让人类整体体型逐渐变小。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：事实上，我们正在回归穴居人原本的状态。A. returning to回归；B. relying on依靠；C. agreeing with同意；D. looking for寻找。根据第四段“Only in some countries are diets again reflecting the 　　　 of our ancestors’ diets.”可知，此处指如今部分国家饮食重回祖先丰富多样的模式，身高回升。 【22题详解】 考查动词。句意：直到现在，我们才看到几代人饮食不佳所带来的影响。A. suffering遭受；B. defending保卫；C. losing摆脱；D. seeing看见。根据前文“Every decade, the average height of people in Europe grows another centimetre”可知，人们身高变化，让我们得以看见不良饮食带来的影响。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：然后大约九千年前，农业被发明，带来了破坏性的后果。A. invented发明；B. discussed讨论；C. neglected忽视；D. replaced取代。根据第三段“agriculture spread because a piece of farmed land could support ten times the number of people”可知，农业这一生产方式诞生并传播。 【24题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：地球上大部分绿地逐渐被农民接管，结果如今仅小麦、水稻和玉米这三种富含碳水的作物，就为人类提供一半以上的热量。A. taken over接管；B. settled down安定；C. passed on传递；D. made up编造。根据后文“wheat, rice and maize”描述农民种植三种主食作物可知，此处指绿地被农田占据接管。 【25题详解】 考查形容词。句意：几个世纪以来，我们依靠汤和面包果腹，营养不足，发育不良。A. over-rated被高估的；B. over-consumed过度消耗的；C. under-corrected未被纠正的；D. underdeveloped发育不良的。根据前文“This poor diet has had a disastrous effect”以及“underfed”可知，此处指饮食单一、营养不足会造成发育不良。 【26题详解】 考查名词。句意：在俄亥俄州的一项研究中，科学家发现，当他们开始种植玉米时，原本健康的狩猎采集者变成了体弱、体重不足的农民。A. workers工人；B. farmers农民；C. researchers研究者；D. soldiers士兵。根据前文“when they began to grow corn”可知，种植玉米的人成为农民。 【27题详解】 考查名词。句意：一些人类学家认为，玉米远非新大陆的福祉之一，反而是一场公共卫生灾难。A. discovery发现；B. symbol象征；C. nature自然；D. blessings福祉。根据后文“corn was a public health disaster”可知，此处指玉米远非新大陆的福祉之一，blessings与disaster构成相反对照，贴合语境。 【28题详解】 考查副词。句意：尽管如此，从那以后农业还是传播开来，因为一块耕地能养活的人口，是之前狩猎采集模式下的十倍。A. Nevertheless尽管如此；B. Consequently因此；C. Furthermore此外；D. Namely也就是。根据前文“corn was a public health disaster”描述玉米带来健康灾难可知，后文农业依旧扩散，两句是转折让步关系，Nevertheless贴合语境。 【29题详解】 考查副词。句意：依靠这套农耕体系的大多数人营养不良这一问题，直到最近才得到处理，即便是在世界上富裕国家。A. unintentionally无意地；B. theoretically理论上；C. recently最近；D. scarcely几乎不。根据后文“been handled, even by the world’s wealthier nations”可知，此处指营养不良的问题到近期才得到重视解决。 【30题详解】 考查名词。句意：只有在部分国家，饮食再次重现了祖先饮食的丰富性。A. shortage短缺；B. safety安全；C. quantity数量；D. richness丰富性。根据第一段“our ancestors got their food from a wide variety of sources”可知，此处指祖先食物来源多样，richness和a wide variety呼应，贴合语境。 【31题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这是一个可喜的趋势，尽管它本身也带来一些问题。A. average平均的；B. similar相似的；C. welcome可喜的；D. curious好奇的。根据前文“the average man in the US is now 179 cm, in Holland 180 cm, and in Japan 177 cm”可知，各国平均身高提升是向好趋势，welcome贴合语境。 【32题详解】 考查副词短语。句意：更糟糕的是，飞机和火车上腿部空间似乎不增反减，而服装厂商则要不断更新产品尺码。A. In effect实际上；B. To conclude总之；C. For example例如；D. Even worse更糟糕的是。根据前文“A standard bed-length has remained at 190 cm since 1860”以及语境可知，床的标准长度长期不变，本句继续列举跟不上身高增长的糟心事，递进加强负面含义，Even worse贴合语境。 【33题详解】 考查动词。句意：个体或许因为营养改善长得更高，但作为一个物种，我们实际上正在缩小。A. developing发展；B. awakening觉醒；C. shrinking缩小；D. suspecting怀疑。根据后文“we appear to have got slightly thinner and smaller”可知，人类物种整体体型在变小。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：一万年前末次冰期时，人类体型稍壮、个子更高，这是对寒冷环境的进化适应。A. wildlife野生动物；B. cold寒冷；C. starvation饥饿；D. crisis危机。根据前文“During the last ice age”以及常识可知，冰期的环境特点是寒冷。 【35题详解】 考查副词。句意：气候变暖之后，即便营养供给充足，我们也变得更瘦、更小了。A. unhealthily不健康地；B. properly充足地，恰当地；C. randomly随意地；D. regularly定期地。根据前文“Individuals may be growing taller because of improved nutrition”可知，个体营养变好会长高，此处对比物种层面，就算营养充足体型依旧变小。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Early on, by age nine perhaps, I discovered my passion for both reading and writing fiction. The discovery was sudden and unexpected: one very hot summer day in Birmingham (no air conditioning), while reading, I realized I was trembling with cold. I had become caught up in a Laura Ingalls Wilder description of a snowstorm. How is this possible? I asked myself, and the answer came immediately. It’s these words. Just these words have made me feel cold. Full of wonder and admiration for Laura’s writing, I thought, I’d like to be able to do that someday. Nonetheless, I found myself beginning college as a premedical student with the intention of becoming a doctor. You see, I wanted to do good, or to be a good person, one devoted to the welfare of others. And what of my own love of reading and my interest in imaginative writing? Both still gave me immense pleasure, though I was failing chemistry. But what good is literature? I asked myself. And I asked my serious-minded student friends the same question. To spend my life merely doing what I loved seemed unacceptably self-centered. One day in a literature class at my small, excellent liberal arts college, the knowledgeable professor, who was also dean of the college, posed a question that none of us could answer: “In what way are Huck of Huckleberry Finn and Pip of Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations alike?” While I did not know the answer, what I did know—in a strange flash of awareness—was that whatever the answer, it would be of crucial importance to the young man sitting across the corridor from me. And who was he? A brilliant person, a troubled person for all his brilliance, someone I loved and admired. The professor answered his own question. “Both are boys in search of a father.” And I knew my friend across the corridor, through literature, suddenly understood his own confusion. He knew in an instinctive way something of vital importance. What was true of those fictive boys was also true of him: he needed to become a guiding father to himself. The class was over. As my friend Dwight and I walked out the door together into the hall, he said without looking at me, “And how can you doubt, Sena, that literature can do good in the world?” Without looking at him, but sure both his eyes and my eyes were shined with tears, I replied, “I know. I know.” I knew that literature could and does make ideas and feelings real, dramatic, and accessible in a way that enhances the quality of our lives. And so I gave myself permission to embrace a literary life, both as reader and as writer. If something I might come to write offered one wonderful person a new and needed perspective, then I could justify choosing a life for myself in literature. That was all a very long time ago, about half a century ago. My friend would die in an auto accident before he was twenty-one. And I would live to be extraordinarily happy in my choice of professions. This I believe: that the arts must be a part of education at all levels, that the arts can and do offer us not only pleasure but also invaluable insights into ourselves and our world. 36. What was the embarrassing situation Sena the author of the passage faced? A. She was attracted by Laura’s writing but felt extremely cold. B. She did not know how to answer the question but it was important. C. She loved literature but wanted to do something good for humanity. D. She admired her brilliant friend Dwight but he died in an accident. 37. The author of the passage mentioned her friend Dwight to demonstrate_________. A. only he could answer the professor’s question B. he was the very person she loved and admired C. literature becomes a guiding father to himself D. literature offers us priceless insights into ourselves 38. It can be concluded that the author decided to_________. A. follow her passion for being a doctor B. devote herself to literature in her life C. be a reader to enhance the quality of her life D. be a doctor and engaged in literature sometimes 39. What might be the best title for the passage? A. A life in literature B. A medical career C. An unforgettable lesson D. An unexpected accident 【答案】36. C 37. D 38. B 39. A 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。这篇文章讲述了作者的文学生涯。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“You see, I wanted to do good, or to be a good person, one devoted to the welfare of others. And what of my own love of reading and my interest in imaginative writing? Both still gave me immense pleasure, though I was failing chemistry. But what good is literature? I asked myself. And I asked my serious-minded student friends the same question. To spend my life merely doing what I loved seemed unacceptably self-centered.（你看，我想做善事，或做一个好人，一个致力于他人福利的人。我自己对阅读的热爱和对想象力写作的兴趣又如何呢? 虽然我的化学成绩不及格，但这两件事仍然给我带来了极大的快乐。但是文学有什么好处呢? 我问我自己。我问了我那些严肃的学生朋友同样的问题。只做自己喜欢的事似乎是不可接受的以自我为中心）”，可知，这篇文章的作者Sena所面临的尴尬局面是她热爱文学，但想为人类做些好事。故选C。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段“The class was over. As my friend Dwight and I walked out the door together into the hall, he said without looking at me, “And how can you doubt, Sena, that literature can do good in the world?” Without looking at him, but sure both his eyes and my eyes were shined with tears, I replied, “I know. I know.” I knew that literature could and does make ideas and feelings real, dramatic, and accessible in a way that enhances the quality of our lives.（下课了。当我和我的朋友德怀特一起走出大门走进大厅时，他没有看我一眼就说:“你怎么能怀疑文学能给世界带来好处呢，塞纳?” 我没有看他，但他的眼睛和我的眼睛都闪烁着泪光，我回答说:“我知道。我知道。” 我知道，文学能够而且确实能让想法和感觉变得真实、戏剧化、通俗易懂，从而提高我们的生活质量）”，可知，这篇文章的作者提到了她的朋友德怀特，以证明文学为我们提供了无价的自我洞察。故选D。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“so I gave myself permission to embrace a literary life, both as reader and as writer. If something I might come to write offered one wonderful person a new and needed perspective, then I could justify choosing a life for myself in literature.（所以我允许自己以读者和作家的身份去拥抱文学生活。如果我要写的东西能给一个优秀的人提供一个新的和需要的视角，那么我就能证明自己选择文学生活是正确的）”，可知，作者决定在她的一生中致力于文学。故选B。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。根据倒数第三段中“so I gave myself permission to embrace a literary life, both as reader and as writer.（所以我允许自己以读者和作家的身份去拥抱文学生活）”和最后一段“This I believe: that the arts must be a part of education at all levels, that the arts can and do offer us not only pleasure but also invaluable insights into ourselves and our world.（我相信这一点:艺术必须是各级教育的一部分，艺术不仅能而且确实能给我们带来快乐，还能让我们对自己和我们的世界有宝贵的见解）”，可知，这篇文章讲述作者的文学生涯。所以A项A life in literature为最佳主题。故选A。 （B） Official Ticketing Service Welcome to the official Louvre online sales site The Musée du Louvre is reopening and we are glad to be able to welcome you back again. In line with the measures taken to prevent the spread of COVID-19, visitors will be required to wear a mask. According to government recommendations, all visitors to the Louvre aged 12 years and two months or older must show a Health Pass. All visitors, including those entitled to free admission, must book a time period. Please accept our apologies for the inconvenience. Individual tickets for the Museum Admission and reservation of a time period to access the permanent collections. Tickets valid for the selected date only. Full list of visitors entitled to free admission at Louvre.fr. General admission: €18 The Musée du Louvre is open every day — except Tuesdays, January 1, May 1 and December 25— from 9:00 am to 6:00 pm. Visitors will be asked to leave the exhibition rooms 30 minutes before closure. All tickets purchased online are time-stamped and nominative (记名的); you may therefore be asked to provide proof of identity. They are only valid for the service, date and time selected. They cannot be used to skip the queue but do guarantee access to the museum within half an hour of the time shown on the ticket. Any holder of an online ticket who does not arrive within the assigned time period for admission to the museum shall be subject to the same admission and waiting conditions as visitors without tickets. Visitors entitled to free admission (other than Louvre members) —Under 18s, proof of ID required —16-25 year-old residents of the European Economic Area (European Union, Norway, Iceland, and Liechtenstein), proof of ID and residency required Professionals —Teachers working in France, valid “Pass Education” required —Teachers of art, art history or the applied arts, valid proof of employment stating subject taught required —Artists with the Maison des Artistes or International Association of Art, valid proof required Other —Jobseekers, valid proof and ID required (dated within the last year or indicating a period of validity) —Disabled visitors and the person accompanying them 40. This passage mainly aims at ________ . A. introducing the exhibits at the Louvre B. providing ticketing information of the Louvre C. listing restrictions on admission to the Louvre D. clarifying the history of the Louvre 41. If a family in Norway, including the wife, an art teacher, the husband, an IT engineer, and a 10-year-old son, want to visit the Louvre this weekend, they should pay at least ________ in all. A. €18 B. €36 C. €45 D. €54 42. What can be learned about the Louvre from the passage? A. It is open every day except on Tuesdays. B. Its online tickets guarantee access to it at any time. C. Proof of ID is required for anyone buying its tickets online. D. Ticket holders may be refused to enter it if arriving an hour late. 【答案】40. B 41. A 42. C 【解析】 【导语】本篇文章是一篇应用文。文章介绍了卢浮宫网上的票务信息以及注意事项。 【40题详解】 主旨大意题。根据标题“Official Ticketing Service”（官方门票服务）可知，下文主要讲的是关于卢浮宫的门票信息，故选B。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据问题可知是在问价格方面的，所以在文章中找相关价格的。根据“General admission: €18”（一般价格是18欧元）以及“Visitors entitled to free admission (other than Louvre members)”（有权免费入场的拜访者）包括的“Under 18s, proof of ID required”（18岁以下，需要提供身份证明）还有“—Teachers of art, art history or the applied arts, valid proof of employment stating subject taught required”（艺术、艺术老师或者是应用艺术，提供有效的就业证明。），题目中包含的有“If a family in Norway, including the wife, an art teacher, the husband, an IT engineer, and a 10-year-old son”（如果在挪威的家庭，包括作为艺术教师的妻子，作为IT工程师的丈夫还有一个10岁的儿子）可知，妻子和儿子是免费的，丈夫是需要支付一般费用的，所以至少需要18欧元，故选A。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据“All tickets purchased online are time-stamped and nominative (记名的); you may therefore be asked to provide proof of identity.”（所有网上买票都有时间盖章的并且是记名的，因此你可能被要求提供身份证明）可知，买票需要身份验证，所以人们需要提供身份证明来购票，故选C。 【点睛】阅读理解应用文做算术题技巧：一定要注意题目中所有涉及到的事情，尤其还要注意的就是对事物的相关修饰，这是很重要的。 （C） The weekend is a recent invention, and its history is a reminder that arrangements we treat as natural were once contested and could be contested again. For most of recorded history, work was organised by daylight, by harvest or by religious obligation; the idea that a fixed proportion of the week should be reserved for rest, and that the rest should fall on the same two days for almost everyone, is barely a century old. Its origins lie in industrial conflict rather than benevolence. When factories replaced workshops, the boundary between work and the rest of life dissolved: the machine did not stop at dusk, and the owner who ran two shifts could undercut the one who ran a single shift. Early campaigners therefore asked not for shorter days but for a protected block of time, and they were resisted with an argument that has never quite disappeared — that rest is a cost imposed on production, and that a worker who does not wish to work will be replaced by one who does. What is striking, in retrospect, is how quickly the weekend was naturalised. Within two generations it had stopped looking like a concession won by organised labour and started looking like a fact about human beings — something the body requires, like food. The historian who studies it faces an unusual difficulty: the institution has been so thoroughly absorbed into common sense that its defenders no longer need to defend it, and its beneficiaries rarely ask what it is for. That complacency may now be the weekend’s greatest vulnerability. Remote work has not abolished the working week so much as dissolved its edges; the laptop travels home, and the boundary that a factory gate once enforced has to be maintained by the worker alone. Whether this represents liberation or a quiet extension of the working day is genuinely unclear, and it is unlikely to be settled by argument. Arrangements of this kind are decided by what people are able to refuse. None of which means the weekend will disappear. It means that its survival depends on something more fragile than custom: the continued ability of people to say no to the seventh day. The lesson of its history is not that rest is natural but that it was won, and that anything won can be given back. 43. What does the writer say about the weekend in the first paragraph? A. It has existed in its present form for centuries. B. It was originally religious in origin. C. It is a recent and contingent arrangement. D. It was introduced by factory owners as a reward. 44. Why did early campaigners demand a protected block of time rather than shorter days? A. Shorter days were opposed by religious authorities. B. Continuous production meant the working day had no natural end. C. They believed rest was more valuable than wages. D. Longer hours were already illegal. 45. What difficulty does the writer identify for historians of the weekend? A. There are almost no surviving records of early campaigns. B. Its origins lie outside the countries where it is studied. C. It has become so familiar that its purpose is no longer examined. D. Historians disagree about when it was first introduced. 46. What is the writer’s conclusion? A. Remote work has made the weekend obsolete. B. The weekend is natural and therefore permanent. C. Rest has to be actively defended to be kept. D. The weekend will certainly disappear within a generation. 【答案】43. C 44. B 45. C 46. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了周末是近代工业冲突的产物，它并非天然存在的事物，如今随着远程办公的普及，周末的边界逐渐模糊，其存续需要人们主动争取、捍卫。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。​根据第一段中“The weekend is a recent invention, and its history is a reminder that arrangements we treat as natural were once contested and could be contested again.(周末其实是近代才出现的产物，它的历史提醒我们：那些我们视作理所当然的作息安排，曾经饱受争议，未来也有可能再次引发争论)”可知，作者认为周末是一种近期出现的、并非必然的安排。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“When factories replaced workshops, the boundary between work and the rest of life dissolved: the machine did not stop at dusk, and the owner who ran two shifts could undercut the one who ran a single shift.(当工厂取代作坊时，工作与生活的界限消失了：机器不会在黄昏停止，实行两班制的工厂主能够以比仅开单班的工厂主更低的价格竞争)”可知，早期活动人士要求一段受保护的时间而不是更短的工作日，是因为连续生产意味着工作日没有自然的终点。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。​根据第三段中“The historian who studies it faces an unusual difficulty: the institution has been so thoroughly absorbed into common sense that its defenders no longer need to defend it, and its beneficiaries rarely ask what it is for.(研究它的历史学家面临着一个不同寻常的困难：这种制度已经完全融入了常识，以至于它的捍卫者不再需要捍卫它，而它的受益者也很少问它的目的是什么)”可知，作者指出历史学家面临的困难是周末变得如此熟悉，以至于人们不再审视它的目的。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。​根据最后一段中“It means that its survival depends on something more fragile than custom: the continued ability of people to say no to the seventh day. The lesson of its history is not that rest is natural but that it was won, and that anything won can be given back.(这意味着它的生存取决于比习俗更脆弱的东西：人们对第七天说不的持续能力。它的历史教训不是休息是自然的，休息是人们争取来的，任何争取来的东西都可能得而复失)”可知，作者的结论是休息必须被积极捍卫才能得以保留。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Truth About Breakfast Is skipping breakfast a terrible way to start your day? Will you get hungry later, eat all the wrong things and put on weight? That is certainly what Public Health England and NHS guidelines currently say. But is it true? ____47____ A study last year from the German Diabetes Centre in Düsseldorf, for example, found that when they compared a group of people who skipped breakfast with a group who ate breakfast, those who skipped it were not only heavier but were also 33 per cent more likely to have type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) than those who didn’t. ____48____ The fact is that people who regularly eat breakfast also smoke less, drink less and tend to be more active than those who skip breakfast, factors which are likely to be of much greater importance than when you decide to break your fast. The best way to resolve the question is to do randomised controlled studies in which you ask breakfast skippers to eat breakfast, and vice versa, and see what happens. The good news is that a large number of these studies have been done. The bad news, for the advocates of ‘breakfast is the most important meal of the day’, is that randomised controlled trials have, on the whole, shown that getting people to eat breakfast may not serve the intended purpose. A large analysis recently published in the British Medical Journal pulled together results from a dozen studies. ____49____ In fact, the scientists found that people who are asked to skip breakfast, on average, take in 260 kcal less a day than those who eat it. They also weigh, on average, 0.44kg less. The researchers concluded that, “____50____” So the message is, if you enjoy eating breakfast (as I do), then fine. But if you prefer to wait and break your fast later in the day, then no harm done. A. There is plenty of evidence from numerous studies that eating breakfast is good for your health. B. It also pointed out that the alleged benefits for children are weak and largely observational. C. It found that although people who skip breakfast do eat more later in the day, they don’t eat enough to make up for the calories they skipped early on. D. Does eating ‘the most important meal of the day’ help you stay healthy? E. But just because people who skip breakfast tend to be less healthy, it doesn’t mean that breakfast is the reason. F. Caution is needed when recommending breakfast for weight loss in adults, as it could have the opposite effect. 【答案】47. A 48. E 49. C 50. F 【解析】 【导语】本文围绕“不吃早餐是否有害”展开，介绍相关研究并说明吃早餐未必如指南所说那样有益。 【47题详解】 下文“A study last year from the German Diabetes Centre in Düsseldorf, for example, found that when they compared a group of people who skipped breakfast with a group who ate breakfast, those who skipped it were not only heavier but were also 33 per cent more likely to have type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) than those who didn’t.(例如，杜塞尔多夫德国糖尿病中心去年的一项研究发现，当他们对比不吃早餐和吃早餐的两组人群时，不吃早餐的人不仅体重更重，患2型糖尿病的概率也比吃早餐的人高出33%。)”举例证明吃早餐有益的研究证据。A选项“There is plenty of evidence from numerous studies that eating breakfast is good for your health.(大量研究有充分证据表明吃早餐对健康有益。)”总起本段，引出下文的研究例子。 【48题详解】 上文介绍不吃早餐人群健康状况较差的研究结果，下文“The fact is that people who regularly eat breakfast also smoke less, drink less and tend to be more active than those who skip breakfast, factors which are likely to be of much greater importance than when you decide to break your fast.(事实是，经常吃早餐的人吸烟更少、饮酒更少，并且往往比不吃早餐的人更爱运动，这些因素的重要性很可能远大于你选择何时进食第一餐。)”说明健康差异来自别的因素，而不是早餐本身。E选项“But just because people who skip breakfast tend to be less healthy, it doesn’t mean that breakfast is the reason.(但是仅仅因为不吃早餐的人往往健康状况更差，并不代表早餐就是（健康差异的）原因。)”承接上文，转折引出下文的解释，逻辑连贯。 【49题详解】 上文“A large analysis recently published in the British Medical Journal pulled together results from a dozen studies.(最近发表在《英国医学期刊》上的一项大型分析汇总了十几项研究的结果。)”引出这项汇总分析，下文 “In fact, the scientists found that people who are asked to skip breakfast, on average, take in 260 kcal less a day than those who eat it.(事实上，科学家发现，被要求不吃早餐的人平均每天摄入的热量比吃早餐的人少260千卡。)”介绍该分析的研究发现。C选项“It found that although people who skip breakfast do eat more later in the day, they don’t eat enough to make up for the calories they skipped early on.(该分析发现，虽然不吃早餐的人在当天晚些时候吃得更多，但他们摄入的量不足以弥补早上少吃的热量。)”承接上文，引出后文具体结论。 【50题详解】 上文“In fact, the scientists found that people who are asked to skip breakfast, on average, take in 260 kcal less a day than those who eat it. They also weigh, on average, 0.44kg less.(事实上，科学家发现，被要求不吃早餐的人平均每天摄入的热量比吃早餐的人少260千卡。他们的体重平均也轻0.44千克)”介绍研究发现：不吃早餐的人总热量摄入更低、体重更轻，本空为研究者得出的结论。F选项“Caution is needed when recommending breakfast for weight loss in adults, as it could have the opposite effect.(向成年人推荐吃早餐来减重时需要谨慎，因为它可能起到相反的效果)” 贴合研究结果，作为研究结论收尾，逻辑连贯。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. A Brief History of Silk Comfortable to wear whether the weather is hot or cold, silk is as popular today as it was 5,000 years ago when it was first manufactured. However, the history of silk has not always been as smooth as the fabric (织物) itself. Today’s basic silk-production process has changed very little since it first began. The fabric comes from silkworms which, although tiny when born, grow rapidly in size. Indeed, on a strict diet of mulberry leaves, it is estimated that they increase in weight by 10,000% over the first six weeks of their life. When they are fully grown, the silkworms create a cocoon—a protective shell made of silk. They then crawl inside in order to prepare for their next stage of development. However, for commercial silk production, these cocoons are then boiled, killing the worm inside, to ensure that the silk is not damaged. After this, the silk is gathered and prepared. A single cocoon can produce between 300 and 900 metres of silk thread. Although today silk is both grown and worn worldwide, the original production of silk was restricted to China. Likewise, in the sixth century, two monks managed to take some eggs all the way back to their native Byzantium (modern-day Istanbul, in Turkey). This was an event of great importance, since Europe was form that point able to manufacture its own silk. Before the monks’ success in bringing the silkworms out of China, Europeans were dependent on merchants bringing the fabric from East Asia across the mountain roads of Central Asia and the Middle East. Indeed, so much silk was transported that this trade route became known as Silk Road. Although man-made fibres (纤维) are cheaper and easier to manufacture, the beauty of silk is difficult to match, and there is always likely to be a large international market. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】版本一：Comfortable to wear, silk is as popular today as it was first manufactured. However it’s basic silk-production process has little changed since it was originally produced in China. With so much silk exported abroad, the trade route became known as Silk Road. It is expected to be a large international market because the beauty of silk is difficult to match. 版本二：Silk has been popular for almost 5000 years, and its production hasn’t changed much. It is made from cocoons, protective shells created by silkworms. Before two monks brought silk to Europe in the 6th century, China used to be the only country that produced silk and Silk Road was the route through which silk was transported to other countries. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了丝绸的历史：丝绸缎优点、生产过程、出口以及丝绸之路的形成和未来广阔的市场。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Comfortable to wear whether the weather is hot or cold, silk is as popular today as it was 5,000 years ago when it was first manufactured. ②Today’s basic silk-production process has changed very little since it first began. ③Although today silk is both grown and worn worldwide, the original production of silk was restricted to China. Indeed, so much silk was transported that this trade route became known as Silk Road. ④the beauty of silk is difficult to match, and there is always likely to be a large international market. 2.缜密构思 将第①、②两个要点进行重组，将第③、④两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 However it’s basic silk-production process has changed little very little since it first began. As a result of so much silk was exported abroad, the trade route became known as Silk Road. The beauty of silk is difficult to match, and there is always likely to be a large international market. 【点睛】[高分句型1] With so much silk exported abroad, the trade route became known as Silk Road.运用一个with复合结构对原文第三段和第四段进行了概括。 [高分句型2]It is expected to be a large international market because the beauty of silk is difficult to match. 用固定句型It is expected to be对第五段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这家餐厅的服务和美食使它成为城里无与伦比的用餐体验。(second) (汉译英) ____________________________________________ 【答案】The restaurant’s service and cuisine make it a dining experience second to none in the city. 【解析】 【详解】表示“这家餐厅的服务和美食”用The restaurant’s service and cuisine作主语。表示“使”用 make，本句描述一般事实，用一般现在时，主语是复数，谓语动词用原形make，宾语用it指代“这家餐厅”。“无与伦比”表达为second to none，表示“城里无与伦比的用餐体验”用a dining experience second to none in the city。 53. 针对需求的突然增加，公司迅速调整了策略。（response）(汉译英) ____________________________________________ 【答案】In response to the sudden increase in demand, the company quickly adjusted its strategy. 【解析】 【详解】 “针对……”使用提示词response，表达为固定短语in response to；“需求的突然增加”表达为名词短语the sudden increase in demand；表示“公司”用名词the company；“调整”表达为动词adjust，句子表示过去的动作，用一般过去时adjusted；“策略”表达为名词词组its strategy；“迅速”是副词quickly，放在动词前，修饰动词adjust。 54. 我尽力向我的弟弟灌输坚持的重要性，希望能激励他追求自己的梦想。（impress）(汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I tried my best to impress on my brother the importance of persistence, hoping (that) I could inspire him to pursue his dreams. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词、固定短语和宾语从句。根据汉语语境可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。“尽力做某事”可使用固定短语“try one’s best to do sth.”；“向某人灌输某事”可使用固定短语“impress on sb sth.”；“坚持的重要性”可译为“the importance of perseverance”；“激励某人做某事”可使用固定短语“inspire sb. to do sth.”；“追求某人的梦想”可译为“pursue one’s dreams”。故整句话可译为：I tried my best to impress on my brother the importance of persistence, hoping (that) I could inspire him to pursue his dreams. 55. 培养技能人才并非朝夕之功，还需要在畅通发展通道和完善保障政策等方面持续发力。(require) (汉译英) ____________________________________________ 【答案】Developing skilled talents is not an overnight accomplishment, as it requires sustained efforts in establishing clear career development pathways, and improving supportive policies. 【解析】 【详解】表示“培养技能人才”用 develop skilled talents，作主语，用动名词短语；本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，be动词用is。表示“并非朝夕之功”用not an overnight accomplishment。表示“还需要在畅通发展通道和完善保障政策等方面持续发力”即“因为还需要在畅通发展通道和完善保障政策等方面持续发力”，用as引导原因状语从句。从句中：用it作主语，指代“培养技能人才”；表示“需要”用require，主语it为单数，谓语动词用requires；表示“持续发力”用sustained efforts。介词in后接动名词。表示“畅通发展通道”用establish clear career development pathways，establish变为动名词establishing。表示“完善保障政策”用improve supportive policies，improve变为动名词improving。 V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below. 假设你是明启中学高二学生李明，最近你校计划在图书馆内新购一批图书，特向全校师生征集意见，给图书馆写一封邮件，内容须包括： 1．你推荐图书馆新购何书； 2．简要描述该书的内容； 3．你推荐该书的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Librarians, I’m Li Ming, a Grade Two student from Mingqi High School. Hearing that our school library plans to purchase new books and collect suggestions from teachers and students, I’m writing to recommend The Little Prince. This book tells a warm story about a little prince traveling across different planets. During his journey, he meets various strange adults and finally lands on Earth, where he makes friends with a pilot and learns the true meaning of love and responsibility from his rose. I strongly recommend it for two reasons. First, its simple but profound language helps us improve our English reading skills easily. Besides, it teaches teenagers to cherish the people around them and keep a pure heart, which brings us valuable spiritual inspiration. I believe it will be popular among students. Thank you for taking my advice into consideration. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以明启中学高二学生李明的身份，给图书馆写一封邮件，推荐一本适合图书馆采购的书籍，介绍书籍内容并说明推荐理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 各种各样的：various → a variety of 深刻的：profound → insightful 宝贵的：valuable → precious 考虑：take...into consideration → take...into account 2. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：I believe it will be popular among students. 拓展句：I am convinced that it will gain great popularity among students. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】Hearing that our school library plans to purchase new books and collect suggestions from teachers and students, I’m writing to recommend The Little Prince. (运用现在分词Hearing作状语及that引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型 2】During his journey, he meets various strange adults and finally lands on Earth, where he makes friends with a pilot and learns the true meaning of love and responsibility from his rose. (运用where引导非限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $