上海复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年第一学期高二年级英语学科9月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科9月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Never Skip Sleep Stress, scientists also know, can speed up aging, and a body that's not sleeping enough looks similar to one that's stressed out—it's highly reactive to threats, even when those threats don't have any real risk. Biologically speaking, there's virtually no difference in the way a body reacts to a noise in the middle of the night or a stressful work deadline: in 1          of the cases, fight-or-flight mode is triggered (触发), blood pressure rises, breathing gets shallow, and the heart starts to race. That's what happens to a body on no sleep too. Those stress reactions can be useful, of course: they enable you 2          (respond) more readily to an actual physical threat. But that's not usually what 3          (go) on. And staying in an alert mode can trigger a number of unhealthy conditions, the most damaging of 4          is inflammation (发炎). Inflammation is the body's natural defense system 5          injury or invading microbes like bacteria and viruses. But inflammation can also become long-term, and that's when the real trouble starts. Long-term inflammation, doctors now know, is a(n) 6          (lead) driver of many diseases, and one of the main drivers of long-term inflammation is, of course, not sleeping enough. Getting a decent night's sleep, then, is good advice for all of us. Americans spent a(n) 7          (estimate) $41 billion on sleeping pills and other sleep aids in 2015; 8          much we may boast about our diligence, we know that we need sleep, even if we don't always know why. But scientists do. That's 9          experts are insisting, with increasing frequency and noise, that sleep be a priority—as important or more than what you eat and how much you exercise. We wouldn't dream of skipping meals on a regular basis, so why 10          (skip) sleep? Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. chairs B. competitors C. contributes D. decline E. emit F. licensed G. limit H. paralleled I. record J. symbol K. worthless Kangaroos in Australia Across Australia's most populous state, at least 5 million kangaroos are thought to have died terrible deaths since one of the country's worst droughts (干旱) began nearly four years ago. The crisis has spurred calls for changes to how Australia manages a national 11         . Surveys indicate Australia has more than 40 million kangaroos, nearly twice the number of humans. That marks a(n) 12          of about 16 million in recent years, largely due to drought. Rangelands in eastern Australia, home to millions of kangaroos, have just had their driest three-year period on 13         . On a recent drive, Geoff Wise, a veterinarian (兽医) from Dubbo, says he spotted a kangaroo dead of hunger or thirst or killed by a passing vehicle roughly every 200 metres. Mr Wise 14          a body that recently held a conference about managing the kangaroo population. State governments allow "commercial harvesting" of four kangaroo species for meat and fur. The kangaroo industry 15          about $170 million a year to Australia's economy. George Wilson of the Australian National University says it could be more if farmers could see kangaroos as livestock (家畜), not as 16          for the grass and water consumed by cattle and sheep. Expanding the industry this way would bring better controls over kangaroos' welfare, and help the environment. Kangaroos can survive on just 1.5 litres of water a day. They 17          far less methane, a greenhouse gas. And their meat has less fat and more protein. The states typically permit 18          professionals to kill up to 15% of the total kangaroo population. Last year, for instance, the 19          across the four states with the biggest number of kangaroos was set at 7 million. But for some time, the kangaroo hunters have used only some of their quotas (定额), sometimes killing just 3.5% of the population. That is because demand for kangaroo meat and fur has been falling. A campaign by animal-rights activists urged California, once a big market, to stop imports three years ago. Mr Wilson says this has made skins " 20          ", without bringing any improvement in kangaroo welfare. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Every decade, the average height of people in Europe grows another centimetre. Every year, more and more truly big people are born. However, this does not mean humanity is producing a new super race. In fact, we are 21          what we were like as cavemen. Only now are we 22          the effects of generations of poor diet. For most of human history, our ancestors got their food from a wide variety of sources: women gathered herbs (草药), fruits and berries, while men added to these with occasional kills of animals. One research study found that they based their diet on 85 different wild plants, for example. Then about 9,000 years ago, agriculture was 23         , with destructive consequences. Most of the planet's green places have been gradually 24          by farmers, with the result that just three carbohydrate (碳水化合物)-rich plants—wheat, rice and maize—provide more than half of the calories consumed by the human race today. This poor diet has had a disastrous effect. Over the centuries we have lived on soups and breads that have left us underfed and 25         . In one study in Ohio, scientists discovered that when they began to grow corn, healthy hunter-gatherers were turned into sickly, underweight 26         . Tooth decay increased, as did diseases. Far from being one of the 27          of the New World, corn was a public health disaster, according to some anthropologists (人类学家). 28         , from then on agriculture spread because a piece of farmed land could support ten times the number of people who had previously lived off it as hunter-gatherers. The fact that most people relying on this system are poorly nourished has only 29          been handled, even by the world's wealthier nations. Only in some countries are diets again reflecting the 30          of our ancestors' diets. As a result, the average man in the US is now 179 cm, in Holland 180 cm, and in Japan 177 cm. It is a(n) 31          trend, though not without its own problems. Heights may have risen, but the world has not moved on, it seems. A standard bed-length has remained at 190 cm since 1860. 32         , leg-room in planes and trains seems to have shrunk rather than grown, while clothes manufacturers are constantly having to revise their range of products. However, scientists add one note of qualification. Individuals may be growing taller because of improved nutrition, but as a species we are actually 33         . During the last ice age, 10,000 years ago, members of the human race were slightly rounder and taller—an evolutionary response to the 34         . Since the climate warmed, we appear to have got slightly thinner and smaller, even when 35          fed. And as the planet continues to heat up, we may get even thinner and smaller. 21. A. returning to B. relying on C. agreeing with D. looking for 22. A. suffering B. defending C. losing D. seeing 23. A. invented B. discussed C. neglected D. replaced 24. A. taken over B. settled down C. passed on D. made up 25. A. over-rated B. over-consumed C. under-corrected D. underdeveloped 26. A. workers B. farmers C. researchers D. soldiers 27. A. discovery B. symbol C. nature D. blessings 28. A. Nevertheless B. Consequently C. Furthermore D. Namely 29. A. unintentionally B. theoretically C. recently D. scarcely 30. A. shortage B. safety C. quantity D. richness 31. A. average B. similar C. welcome D. curious 32. A. In effect B. To conclude C. For example D. Even worse 33. A. developing B. awakening C. shrinking D. suspecting 34. A. wildlife B. cold C. starvation D. crisis 35. A. unhealthily B. properly C. randomly D. regularly Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Early on, by age nine perhaps, I discovered my passion for both reading and writing fiction. The discovery was sudden and unexpected: one very hot summer day in Birmingham (no air conditioning), while reading, I realized I was trembling with cold. I had become caught up in a Laura Ingalls Wilder description of a snowstorm. How is this possible? I asked myself, and the answer came immediately. It’s these words. Just these words have made me feel cold. Full of wonder and admiration for Laura’s writing, I thought, I’d like to be able to do that someday. Nonetheless, I found myself beginning college as a premedical student with the intention of becoming a doctor. You see, I wanted to do good, or to be a good person, one devoted to the welfare of others. And what of my own love of reading and my interest in imaginative writing? Both still gave me immense pleasure, though I was failing chemistry. But what good is literature? I asked myself. And I asked my serious-minded student friends the same question. To spend my life merely doing what I loved seemed unacceptably self-centered. One day in a literature class at my small, excellent liberal arts college, the knowledgeable professor, who was also dean of the college, posed a question that none of us could answer: “In what way are Huck of Huckleberry Finn and Pip of Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations alike?” While I did not know the answer, what I did know—in a strange flash of awareness—was that whatever the answer, it would be of crucial importance to the young man sitting across the corridor from me. And who was he? A brilliant person, a troubled person for all his brilliance, someone I loved and admired. The professor answered his own question. “Both are boys in search of a father.” And I knew my friend across the corridor, through literature, suddenly understood his own confusion. He knew in an instinctive way something of vital importance. What was true of those fictive boys was also true of him: he needed to become a guiding father to himself. The class was over. As my friend Dwight and I walked out the door together into the hall, he said without looking at me, “And how can you doubt, Sena, that literature can do good in the world?” Without looking at him, but sure both his eyes and my eyes were shining with tears, I replied, “I know. I know.” I knew that literature could and does make ideas and feelings real, dramatic, and accessible in a way that enhances the quality of our lives. And so I gave myself permission to embrace a literary life, both as reader and as writer. If something I might come to write offered one wonderful person a new and needed perspective, then I could justify choosing a life for myself in literature. That was all a very long time ago, about half a century ago. My friend would die in an auto accident before he was twenty-one. And I would live to be extraordinarily happy in my choice of professions. This I believe: that the arts must be a part of education at all levels, that the arts can and do offer us not only pleasure but also invaluable insights into ourselves and our world. 36. What was the embarrassing situation Sena, the author of the passage, faced? A. She was attracted by Laura’s writing but felt extremely cold. B. She did not know how to answer the question but it was important. C. She loved literature but wanted to do something good for humanity. D. She admired her brilliant friend Dwight but he died in an accident. 37. The author of the passage mentioned her friend Dwight to demonstrate_______. A. only he could answer the professor’s question B. he was the very person she loved and admired C. literature becomes a guiding father to himself D. literature offers us priceless insights into ourselves 38. It can be concluded that the author decided to_______. A. follow her passion for being a doctor B. devote herself to literature in her life C. be a reader to enhance the quality of her life D. be a doctor and engaged in literature sometimes 39. What might be the best title for the passage? A. A life in literature B. A medical career C. An unforgettable lesson D. An unexpected accident （B） Welcome to the official Louvre online sales site The Musée du Louvre is reopening and we are glad to be able to welcome you back again. In line with the measures taken to prevent the spread of COVID-19, visitors will be required to wear a mask. According to government recommendations, all visitors to the Louvre aged 12 years and two months or older must show a Health Pass. All visitors, including those entitled to free admission, must book a time period. Please accept our apologies for the inconvenience. Individual tickets for the Museum Admission and reservation of a time period to access the permanent collections. Tickets valid for the selected date only. Full list of visitors entitled to free admission at Louvre.fr. General admission: €18 The Musée du Louvre is open every day — except Tuesdays, January 1, May 1 and December 25 — from 9:00 am to 6:00 pm. Visitors will be asked to leave the exhibition rooms 30 minutes before closure. All tickets purchased online are time-stamped and nominative (记名的); you may therefore be asked to provide proof of identity. They are only valid for the service, date and time selected. They cannot be used to skip the queue but do guarantee access to the museum within half an hour of the time shown on the ticket. Any holder of an online ticket who does not arrive within the assigned time period for admission to the museum shall be subject to the same admission and waiting conditions as visitors without tickets. Visitors entitled to free admission (other than Louvre members) —Under 18s, proof of ID required —16-25 year-old residents of the European Economic Area (European Union, Norway, Iceland, and Liechtenstein), proof of ID and residency required Professionals —Teachers working in France, valid “Pass Education” required —Teachers of art, art history or the applied arts, valid proof of employment stating subject taught required —Artists with the Maison des Artistes or International Association of Art, valid proof required Other —Jobseekers, valid proof and ID required (dated within the last year or indicating a period of validity) —Disabled visitors and the person accompanying them 40. This passage mainly aims at _____. A. introducing the exhibits at the Louvre B. providing ticketing information of the Louvre C. listing restrictions on admission to the Louvre D. illustrating the services provided at the Louvre 41. If a family in Norway, including the wife, an art teacher, the husband, an IT engineer, and a 10-year-old son, want to visit the Louvre this weekend, they should pay at least _____ in all. A. €18 B. €36 C. €45 D. €54 42. What can be learned about the Louvre from the passage? A. It is open every day except on Tuesdays. B. Its online tickets ensure access to it at any time. C. Proof of ID is required for anyone buying its tickets online. D. Ticket holders may be refused entry if arriving an hour late. （C） The weekend is a recent invention, and its history is a reminder that arrangements we treat as natural were once contested and could be contested again. For most of recorded history, work was organised by daylight, by harvest or by religious obligation; the idea that a fixed proportion of the week should be reserved for rest, and that the rest should fall on the same two days for almost everyone, is barely a century old. Its origins lie in industrial conflict rather than benevolence. When factories replaced workshops, the boundary between work and the rest of life dissolved: the machine did not stop at dusk, and the owner who ran two shifts could undercut the one who ran a single shift. Early campaigners therefore asked not for shorter days but for a protected block of time, and they were resisted with an argument that has never quite disappeared — that rest is a cost imposed on production, and that a worker who does not wish to work will be replaced by one who does. What is striking, in retrospect, is how quickly the weekend was naturalised. Within two generations it had stopped looking like a concession won by organised labour and started looking like a fact about human beings — something the body requires, like food. The historian who studies it faces an unusual difficulty: the institution has been so thoroughly absorbed into common sense that its defenders no longer need to defend it, and its beneficiaries rarely ask what it is for. That complacency may now be the weekend’s greatest vulnerability. Remote work has not abolished the working week so much as dissolved its edges; the laptop travels home, and the boundary that a factory gate once enforced has to be maintained by the worker alone. Whether this represents liberation or a quiet extension of the working day is genuinely unclear, and it is unlikely to be settled by argument. Arrangements of this kind are decided by what people are able to refuse. None of which means the weekend will disappear. It means that its survival depends on something more fragile than custom: the continued ability of people to say no to the seventh day. The lesson of its history is not that rest is natural but that it was won, and that anything won can be given back. 43. What does the writer say about the weekend in the first paragraph? A. It has existed in its present form for centuries. B. It was originally religious in origin. C. It is a recent and contingent arrangement. D. It was introduced by factory owners as a reward. 44. Why did early campaigners demand a protected block of time rather than shorter days? A. Shorter days were opposed by religious authorities. B. Continuous production meant the working day had no natural end. C. They believed rest was more valuable than wages. D. Longer hours were already illegal. 45. What difficulty does the writer identify for historians of the weekend? A. There are almost no surviving records of early campaigns. B. Its origins lie outside the countries where it is studied. C. It has become so familiar that its purpose is no longer examined. D. Historians disagree about when it was first introduced. 46. What is the writer’s conclusion? A. Remote work has made the weekend obsolete. B. The weekend is natural and therefore permanent. C. Rest has to be actively defended to be kept. D. The weekend will certainly disappear within a generation. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Truth About Breakfast A. There is plenty of evidence from numerous studies that eating breakfast is good for your health. B. It also pointed out that the alleged benefits for children are weak and largely observational. C. It found that although people who skip breakfast do eat more later in the day, they don't eat enough to make up for the calories they skipped early on. D. Does eating 'the most important meal of the day' help you stay healthy? E. But just because people who skip breakfast tend to be less healthy, it doesn't mean that breakfast is the reason. F. Caution is needed when recommending breakfast for weight loss in adults, as it could have the opposite effect. Is skipping breakfast a terrible way to start your day? Will you get hungry later, eat all the wrong things and put on weight? That is certainly what Public Health England and NHS guidelines currently say. But is it true? A study last year from the German Diabetes Centre in Düsseldorf, for example, found that when they compared a group of people who skipped breakfast with a group who ate breakfast, those who skipped it were not only heavier but were also 33 per cent more likely to have type 2 diabetes than those who didn't. 47          The fact is that people who regularly eat breakfast also smoke less, drink less and tend to be more active than those who skip breakfast, factors which are likely to be of much greater importance than when you decide to break your fast. The best way to resolve the question is to do randomised controlled studies in which you ask breakfast skippers to eat breakfast, and vice versa, and see what happens. The good news is that a large number of these studies have been done. The bad news, for the advocates of 'breakfast is the most important meal of the day', is that randomised controlled trials have, on the whole, shown that getting people to eat breakfast may not serve the intended purpose. A large analysis recently published in the British Medical Journal pulled together results from a dozen studies. 48          In fact, the scientists found that people who are asked to skip breakfast, on average, take in 260kcal less a day than those who eat it. They also weigh, on average, 0.44kg less. The researchers concluded that, " 49          " So the message is, if you enjoy eating breakfast (as I do), then fine. But if you prefer to wait and break your fast later in the day, then no harm done. 50          III. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 51. A Brief History of Silk Comfortable to wear whether the weather is hot or cold, silk is as popular today as it was 5,000 years ago when it was first manufactured. However, the history of silk has not always been as smooth as the fabric (织物) itself. Today's basic silk-production process has changed very little since it first began. The fabric comes from silkworms which, although tiny when born, grow rapidly in size. Indeed, on a strict diet of mulberry leaves, it is estimated that they increase in weight by 10,000% over the first six weeks of their life. When they are fully grown, the silkworms create a cocoon—a protective shell made of silk. They then crawl inside in order to prepare for their next stage of development. However, for commercial silk production, these cocoons are then boiled, killing the worm inside, to ensure that the silk is not damaged. After this, the silk is gathered and prepared. A single cocoon can produce between 300 and 900 metres of silk thread. Although today silk is both grown and worn worldwide, the original production of silk was restricted to China. Later, in the sixth century, two monks managed to take some eggs all the way back to their native Byzantium (modern-day Istanbul, in Turkey). This was an event of great importance, since Europe was from that point able to manufacture its own silk. Before the monks' success in bringing the silkworms out of China, Europeans were dependent on merchants bringing the fabric from East Asia across the mountain roads of Central Asia and the Middle East. Indeed, so much silk was transported that this trade route became known as the Silk Road. Although man-made fibres (纤维) are cheaper and easier to manufacture, the beauty of silk is difficult to match, and there is always likely to be a large international market. IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这家餐厅的服务和美食使它成为城里无与伦比的用餐体验。(second) 53. 针对需求的突然增加，公司迅速调整了策略。(response) 54. 我尽力向我的弟弟灌输坚持的重要性，希望能激励他追求自己的梦想。(impress) 55. 培养技能人才并非朝夕之功，还需要在畅通发展通道和完善保障政策等方面持续发力。(require) V. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假设你是明启中学高二学生李明，最近你校计划在图书馆内新购一批图书，特向全校师生征集意见。给图书馆写一封邮件，内容须包括：1) 你推荐图书馆新购何书；2) 简要描述该书的内容；3) 你推荐该书的理由。 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科9月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷　答案 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 1. both 2. to respond 3. is going 4. which 5. against 6. leading 7. estimated 8. no matter how 9. why 10. skip Section B 11. J 12. D 13. I 14. A 15. C 16. B 17. E 18. F 19. G 20. K II. Reading Comprehension Section A 21. A 22. D 23. A 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. C 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. B Section B 36. C 37. D 38. B 39. A 40. B 41. A 42. C 43. C 44. B 45. C 46. C Section C 47. E 48. C 49. F 50. B III. Summary Writing 51. Silk has been popular for almost 5000 years, during which its production hasn’t changed much. It is made from cocoons, protective shells created by silkworms. China used to be the only country that produced silk and the Silk Road was the route through which silk was transported to other countries. Two monks took it to Europe in the 6th century. IV. Translation 52. The restaurant’s service and cuisine make it a dining experience second to none in the city. 53. In response to the sudden increase in demand, the company quickly adjusted its strategy. 54. I tried my best to impress the importance of perseverance upon my younger brother, hoping to inspire him to pursue his dreams. 55. Developing skilled talents is not an overnight accomplishment, as it requires sustained efforts in establishing clear career development pathways, and improving supportive policies. V. Guided Writing 56. Dear Librarian, I am writing to recommend a book that I believe would profoundly benefit our students: Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind by Yuval Noah Harari. This masterpiece provides a captivating overview of humanity's evolutionary trajectory, tracing our history from the Cognitive Revolution to the modern Scientific Revolution and exploring how Homo sapiens came to dominate the planet. I recommend this book primarily because it can vastly broaden our cognitive boundaries. It challenges conventional assumptions and encourages readers to view human history from an entirely novel perspective, which is highly beneficial for our critical thinking. Furthermore, the author's engaging narrative style makes complex concepts remarkably accessible, not only imparting knowledge but also igniting a passion for history and anthropology. I sincerely hope you will consider adding it to our collection. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $