精品解析：上海复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年第一学期高二年级英语学科11月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科11月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in historic areas? To answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historic buildings are attractive. However, there may be other, perhaps economic, reasons for ____1____ (preserve) them. So, let us assume that the historical buildings are both attractive and important. What should we do, then, if a new building ____2____ (need)? In my view, new architectural styles ____3____ exist perfectly well alongside an older style. In fact, there are many examples in my own hometown of Boston, with modern designs ____4____ (place) very successfully next to old buildings. ____5____ the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate its surroundings too much, it often enhances the attractiveness of the area. Admittedly, there are examples of new buildings ____6____ have spoiled the area they are in. But the same can be said of some old buildings, too. Yet people still object to new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply ____7____ people are naturally conservative and do not like change. Although we have to respect people’s feelings as fellow users and viewers of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner ____8____ (move) things forward. If we constantly reproduced what was there before, we would still be living in caves. Therefore, I would argue ____9____ building imitations ____10____ (choose) something fresh and different, even though that might be the riskier option. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. abuse B. assist C. current D. fearful E. oral F. presence G. prospect H. receptive I. recommending J. recovering K. response Storytime Is for “Everyone” In a 2010 survey in the United Kingdom, elderly adults who joined weekly read-aloud groups reported better concentration and an improved ability to socialize. The second-century Greek doctor Antyllus even prescribed (开药方) daily recitation to his patients, ____11____ it as a kind of health-giving medicine. We are not the only species to benefit from this kind of ____12____ medicine. Dogs do, too, which is why, since 2014, volunteers at the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals have read to the animals under the group’s care. “Ten or fifteen years ago, I was essentially the only person who worked with the neglect and ____13____ cases,” says Victoria Wells, the organization’s senior manager for behavior and training. “I used to sit with them, and play guitar and sing. I used to play the Beatles. I noticed that the dogs who were very ____14____ would slowly move forward to the front. They would appear to be listening, and they would become very relaxed.” The dogs’ ____15____ to music led in a natural way to the idea of reading aloud. It was a practical means of allowing a larger number of volunteers to minister to ____16____ animals. Some volunteers keep the animals informed of ____17____ events by reading the newspaper, some choose children’s books, and others prefer fiction. On the day I stopped by, a retired opera singer was reading the sci-fi fiction Logan’s Run to half a dozen dogs. “The dogs really enjoy the reading,” Wells says. “We noticed that it really does ____18____ in the standard behavior treatment. The dogs are much more ____19____ to us, and they seem more comfortable in general. I think it’s that comforting tone of voice and the ____20____ of somebody to keep them company that really, really benefits them.” II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. When you are stuck on a problem, sometimes it is best to stop thinking about it—consciously, anyway. Research has shown that taking a break or a nap can help the brain create____21____to a solution. Now a new study____22____on the effect of this so-called incubation（潜伏期）by using sound cues to focus the sleeping mind on a targeted problem. When humans sleep, parts of the brain replay certain memories, strengthening and transforming them. About a decade ago researchers developed a technique, called targeted memory reactivation（TMR）, aimed at further enhancing____23____memories: when a sound becomes associated with a memory and is later played during sleep, that memory gets____24____. In a study published last November in Psychological Science, scientists tested whether____25____the memory of a puzzle during sleep might also improve problem-solving. About 60 participants visited the laboratory before and after a night of____26____. First, they____27____spatial, verbal and conceptual puzzles, with a distinct music clip repeating in the background for each, until they had worked on six puzzles they could not solve. Overnight they wore electrodes（电极）to detect slow-wave sleep, which may be important for memory enhancement—and a device played the sounds ____28____to three of the six unsolved puzzles. The next day, back at the lab, the participants attempted the six puzzles again.（Each repeated the experiment with a different set of puzzles the following night.） All told, the subjects solved 32 percent of the sound-stimulated puzzles compared with 21 percent of the ____29____puzzles. The researchers "very bravely went for quite complex tasks that involved a lot of complex processing, and remarkably they found these really strong effects in all of their _____30_____." says Penny Lewis, a psychologist at Cardiff University, who was not involved in the research. "These are supercool results. Now we need to go out and try to understand them by firstly replicating（复制）them and secondly trying to _____31_____the component processes that are actually being influenced." Beyond providing new evidence that humans restructure memories while sleeping, the research may have _____32_____implications. "In a futuristic world, maybe TMR could help us use sleep to work on our problems," says lead author Kristin Sanders, who was a graduate student at Northwestern University during the study. Sleep-monitoring technology is increasingly accessible—and even without devices, prospective solvers can focus on important problems before _____33_____. Still, sleep is not _____34_____; people need to do their homework and load their heads with the puzzle pieces involved. "I'm not going to solve cancer with this technique," Sanders says, "because I am totally _____35_____cancer research." 21. A. applications B. commitment C. attention D. pathways 22. A. counts B. expands C. insists D. passes 23. A. treasured B. selected C. devoted D. shortened 24. A. dimmed B. stored C. reactivated D. researched 25. A. neglecting B. examining C. erasing D. revisiting 26. A. sleep B. experiment C. training D. relaxation 27. A. created B. solved C. attempted D. classified 28. A. assigned B. transformed C. explained D. introduced 29. A. unsettled B. untargeted C. unstated D. untested 30. A. puzzles B. brains C. processes D. tasks 31. A. work out B. turn to C. take on D. bring about 32. A. individual B. conceptual C. practical D. collective 33. A. dinner B. dawn C. bed D. schooling 34. A. significant B. magic C. fixed D. possible 35. A. dependent on B. curious about C. interested in D. ignorant of Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) This week, the Summer Boat Show in London is filled with fine boats, shining with new technology. By contrast, my own lies quietly on a tidal creek (小溪) off the south coast. She was designed last year but, seeing her, you might imagine her to be 100 years old and think that her owner must be some kind of lost-soul romantic. For me a boat should always be a boat and not a cottage on the water. When I bought an earlier boat, Hirta, in which I sailed around Britain for a TV race series, the previous owner observed that she had every comfort, but no luxury. During my long relationship with her, Hirta taught me how wise she was. Her sails were heavy, and she had no pumped water, no electricity to speak of, no fridge, no central heating, and absolutely no electronics, yet she was the kindest, easiest boat that I have ever sailed at sea. Back on land, however, it is a sad fact that the very oldness of classic boats means that they need a lot of looking after. When I had a bad injury to my back, I realised that my 15-year love affair with her had to end. Searching for a younger replacement produced no satisfaction, so I decided to build a new boat from scratch. The Westman has never disappointed me. Although Nigel Irens, the designer, and ED Burnett, his right-hand man, are good at computer-assisted design programs, Irens initially drew this boat on a paper napkin, and only later transferred his ideas to the computer. Then, he carved a model, just as boatyards did in the days of sail. Together we considered the primary embryonic vessel (船的雏形), then fed the design back into the electronic box for modification. The next version was nearly right and by the time the final one appeared, the form was perfect. The completed boat has now crossed the North Atlantic and has won four out of her first six racing starts. Her appearance is ageless, her motion at sea is a pleasure and her accommodation provides an atmosphere of deep peace. Maybe this is because she was drawn purely as a sailing craft, without reference to any furniture we might put into her. That is the well-tried method of the sea. In her timeless calmness, she is the living proof that it works: that there is no need to follow current fashions to find satisfaction, and that sometimes it pays to listen to the lessons of history. 36. By “For me a boat should always be a boat and not a cottage on the water”, the writer means that ________. A. he always keeps his boat in good condition B. he never thinks of a boat as his living space C. he doesn't like the idea of building a home on the water D. he doesn't mind whether to live on a boat or in a cottage 37. What is the writer’s opinion of Hirta? A. It was a perfect sailboat. B. It was a little bit luxurious. C. It was not modern enough. D. It was not very comfortable. 38. According to the writer, The Westman was designed in a ________ way. A. creative B. disappointing C. traditional D. repetitive 39. What does the writer want to prove with his boat? A. The lessons of history are not easy to follow though they are useful. B. A boat can work very well even if it involves no modern technology. C. There is no need to find evidence that boats are still a timeless treasure. D. It is impossible to find satisfaction on a boat by following current fashions. (B) Lily: Studying abroad is an area that is becoming increasingly interesting for researchers, as more students are choosing to do a semester, a year or even a degree in another country. In my research, I set out to establish whether young people attending a course abroad acquire more global awareness than students enrolled on similar courses in their home country. Using a comparative study of 50 Canadian undergraduates, half of whom studied abroad for varying lengths of time, there were shown to be considerable gains in global awareness and these were not only noted by the students themselves but also their tutors. Thomas: My research project asked ten students starting a year of study abroad to keep a daily record of their experiences. Having begun the diary a month before leaving home, they continued it for a month after they returned. The primary reason for studying abroad in all cases was to polish their language skills. The students were allowed to write as freely as they wished but were asked to include comments on their language learning experience as well as on the strategies they used to cope with living in a new culture. Analysing the diaries, we found remarkably similar patterns. All the participants demonstrate a gradual recognition and acceptance of difference in other cultures and a new objectivity about their own culture as a result of their experience. Jasmine: This paper reports on some research carried out last year into why students choose a period of study abroad, their reasons for selecting a specific destination, their behaviour when abroad and the extent to which the experience matches their expectations. Having administered a questionnaire to 1,000 international students studying at a number of universities in Australia, we got 696 responses. An initial analysis of the responses has revealed some interesting data suggesting that the key factor affecting all the areas we were investigating was the individual’s personality and study interests. Country of origin and gender proved less significant than expected. Jimmy: This research looked at the career paths of 35 young business people who had spent part of their university course at a foreign educational institution in order to ascertain whether those people had acquired greater cross-cultural perspectives through their experience of study abroad. Concerned about the lack of cultural awareness of their staff, a group of US business corporations proposed the research. The results are less conclusive than expected, but they do suggest that a period of study in a foreign country may help students to develop the cross-cultural awareness that US employers currently seek. 40. The passage is mainly about four researchers’ findings on ______ A. the reasons for young students to study abroad B. the impact and effects of studying in another country C. the trend of more students furthering their study abroad D. the interest of students who once studied in another country 41. ______ used the subjects’ personal account as the research material. A. Lily B. Thomas C. Jasmine D. Jimmy 42. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A. Most of the researchers found the students’ global awareness increased. B. All of the researchers took a reserved attitude towards studying abroad. C. None of the researchers thought gender played a role in students’ choice. D. Only one of the researchers did research on the subjects’ career development. (C) Draw a line across a page, and write on it what you had for dinner yesterday and what you plan to eat tomorrow. If you come from pretty much any European country, you no doubt wrote last night’s meal to the left of tomorrow night’s because we construct mental timelines to represent and reason about time, and most people in the West think of the past as on the left, and the future as on the right. Arnaud Saj at the University of Geneva and his colleagues wondered whether the ability to create a mental timeline is a necessary part of reasoning about events in time. They found seven Europeans with left hemispatial neglect, which means they have damage to parts of the right side of their brain, limiting their ability to detect, identify and interact with objects in the lefthand side of space. They may eat from only the right side of a plate or shave just the right side of their face. The team also found seven volunteers who had damage to the right side of their brain but didn’t have hemispatial neglect, and seven people with undamaged brains. All the volunteers took part in memory tests. First they learned about a fictional man called David. They were shown pictures of what David liked to eat 10 years ago, and what he might like to eat in 10 years’ time. Participants were then shown drawings of 10 of David’s favourite foods, plus four food items they hadn’t seen before. Participants had to say whether it was a food that David liked in the past or might like in the future. The tests were repeated with items in David’s apartment. People with hemispatial neglect could remember just as many items as the other two groups of volunteers. However, of these items, significantly fewer were from David’s past than his future. They were also more likely to make mistakes about items when they were from the past. In other words, people with hemispatial neglect have trouble imagining the left side of their timeline, and consequently assign past events to the future. It would be interesting to see whether people with neglect of the right space have trouble with events that are supposed to happen in the future, says a researcher, but these kinds of symptoms are rare since the brain areas that represent space are predominantly in the right side. Together these results suggest that the ability to represent space in the mind’s eye is vital to our ability to remember and reason about events that occur along that timeline. “It gives us an understanding of the representation of time in humans,” says Saj. His team will now investigate how people with spatial neglect represent their own understanding of space and time. “They get bored less than others in hospital because the time seems to pass more quickly to them,” he says. Saj’s team will test whether these people experience a compression of “personal time”. 43. People with left hemispatial neglect are most likely to . A. use their left hands more often than right hands B. start reading from the right side of the page C. ignore numbers on the left side of a clock D. shave just the left side of the face 44. What does Arnaud Saj imply about people with right hemisphere neglect? A. Their understanding of time is different from others. B. They are likely to assign the future events to the past. C. They have little trouble reasoning about events in time. D. Their ability to represent space has been greatly affected. 45. The word “compression” (in the last paragraph) is closest in meaning to . A. saving B. dividing C. forgetting D. shortening 46. What can be concluded from the passage? A. Past may well be very vague if your right side of the brain is faulty. B. Right hemisphere neglect is a rare condition among people from the West. C. The brain areas that help understand space and time are close to each other. D. The ability to remember time has something to do with where you are from. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Cube has his own voice I arrive at the Szepilona Bisztro, on a leafy road on the “Buda” side of Budapest, holding a Rubik’s Cube and searching for the man who had created it almost 50 years ago. I feel unworthy to have lunch with Erno Rubik, not the least reason of which is because the Cube I am holding has never been solved. Rubik arrives punctually. He has been coming to this restaurant since the late 1960s, when he was a graduate student, before he had invented one of the world’s most successful puzzles — a cube with 43 quintillion combinations, only one of which is correct. ____47____ At that time, Rubik was living in his family’s apartment on a grand avenue on the “Pest” side of the city. He was a professor of architecture, but his room was “like a child’s pocket, full of marbles and treasures”. In an attempt to help students understand three-dimensional problems, he tried to build a set of cubes that stayed together but could also move independently. ____48____ He painted each side a different colour. But after he had twisted it, he realised that he could not easily return it to its original state. “It was a more difficult task to find a system to solve it than it had been to create the thing itself,” he says. In the end, it took him a month. And solving it gave him a “happy feeling of freedom”, he said at the time. The Rubik’s Cube was born, and to date more than 450 million have been sold, the craze reaching its peak in the early 1980s. Rubik was 29 when he “discovered” the Cube in 1974. By 1979, Rubik had sold 300,000. ____49____ From there, it spread across the world, with some 100 million Rubik’s Cubes being sold in only three years. “I can’t imagine there being a higher type for it than there had been in the 80s,” he says. He motions to my Cube. ____50____ Rubik comforts me with a Japanese slogan from the 1980s, coined for a game: “a minute to learn and a lifetime to master”. A. But the content of the Cube is so wide that it can be a symbol of logical thinking, a way of life. B. Eventually he came up with a six-sided structure with nine interlocking cubes on each side. C. His moment of inspiration came in the spring of 1974. D. I am forced to admit that I haven’t solved it yet. E. Rubik was born towards the end of the Second World War to an aircraft engineer father and a poet mother. F. The following year he was offered the chance to take his invention to a toy fair in New York. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Power of First Impressions When people meet for the first time, they make first impressions of one another in a few seconds. Research shows that first impressions are very important because they have a strong impact on forming relationships. Studies show that the primacy effect is an important part of first impressions. The primacy effect is the idea that the first impression is very difficult to change. After the first meeting, two people may interact again and learn more about each other, but the early impressions they formed will influence their feelings about each other in the future. For example, if a person has a good first impression of someone, he or she probably will not notice bad things about the person later. However, if that person has a bad first impression, he or she will probably notice mostly bad things in the future. Another interesting part of first impressions is that people act how others expect them to act. This is called a self-fulfilling prophecy. Research by Snyder and Swann supports this idea. In that study, partners played a game together. The partners did not know one another, so the researchers told each player about his partner. Sometimes they said positive things about a partner. Sometimes they said negative things. The result of the study showed that players acted friendly when they expected their partners to be friendly, but they acted unfriendly when they expected their partners to be unfriendly. The players’ expectations influenced how they acted toward one another. A related study by Michael Sunnafrank (2004) showed that when people first meet, they quickly make predictions about what kind of relationship they will have. Sunnafrank found that these predictions had a strong impact on future relationships. In his study of 164 first-year college students, Sunnafrank found that when students predicted they could be friends, they sat closer together in class and interacted more. As a result, they actually became friends. In other words, they made their predictions come true. Clearly, first impressions are very important in forming relationships, because they influence the expectations people have of one another and how they behave toward one another. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 闲聊有助于打破陌生人之间的僵局。（break the ice）（汉译英） ______________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 正是那些不经意的善意，构建起人与人之间宝贵的纽带。(It is...that...) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 不要轻易假设线上友谊能够完全取代现实交往。（assume） (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 虽然善意的小谎言可以保护他人的情感，但我们必须分清何时应当坚持实话实说。(while) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，你校将于下个月举办一次慈善义卖，计划招募部分学生作为志愿者参与本次义卖的组织工作。作为学校宣传部的成员，你需要为志愿者招募写一份说明，内容须包括： 1）对这次义卖的简单介绍（如主题、时间、目的等）； 2）计划招募多少名志愿者以及他们的责任。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科11月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in historic areas? To answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historic buildings are attractive. However, there may be other, perhaps economic, reasons for ____1____ (preserve) them. So, let us assume that the historical buildings are both attractive and important. What should we do, then, if a new building ____2____ (need)? In my view, new architectural styles ____3____ exist perfectly well alongside an older style. In fact, there are many examples in my own hometown of Boston, with modern designs ____4____ (place) very successfully next to old buildings. ____5____ the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate its surroundings too much, it often enhances the attractiveness of the area. Admittedly, there are examples of new buildings ____6____ have spoiled the area they are in. But the same can be said of some old buildings, too. Yet people still object to new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply ____7____ people are naturally conservative and do not like change. Although we have to respect people’s feelings as fellow users and viewers of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner ____8____ (move) things forward. If we constantly reproduced what was there before, we would still be living in caves. Therefore, I would argue ____9____ building imitations ____10____ (choose) something fresh and different, even though that might be the riskier option. 【答案】1. preserving 2. is needed 3. can 4. placed 5. As long as 6. that##which 7. because 8. to move 9. against 10. to choose 【解析】 【导语】本文围绕历史区域里现代建筑能否紧邻古建筑修建展开讨论，作者认为只要设计得当，新旧风格可以和谐共存。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，可能还有其他或许是经济层面的理由来保护它们。介词for后接动名词作宾语，preserve的动名词形式是preserving。 【2题详解】 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：那么，如果需要一栋新建筑，我们该怎么做？主语a new building和need之间是被动关系；主句为一般现在时，if条件从句也用一般现在时，单数主语对应is needed。 【3题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：在我看来，新的建筑风格能够和老式风格完美共存。根据句意，此处表示“能够，可以”，用情态动词can。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：事实上，在我的家乡波士顿就有很多例子，现代设计被非常成功地安置在老建筑旁边。这是with复合结构，modern designs和place是被动关系，用过去分词placed作宾语补足语。 【5题详解】 考查连词。句意：只要所讨论的建筑赏心悦目，并且不会过度压倒周边环境，它往往会提升这片区域的吸引力。as long as引导条件状语从句，表示“只要”，句首首字母大写。 【6题详解】 考查定语从句关系词。句意：诚然，也有一些新建筑破坏了其所在区域的例子。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是new buildings，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，关系词用which或者that。 【7题详解】 考查表语从句引导词。句意：我认为这仅仅是因为人们天生保守，不喜欢改变。this is because…是固定句型，表示“这是因为……”，because引导表语从句解释原因。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管我们必须尊重同为建筑使用者和观赏者的人们的感受，但我相信建筑师和规划师有责任推动发展。固定句型it is one’s duty to do sth.，it作形式主语，不定式为真正主语。 【9题详解】 考查介词。句意：因此，我反对建造仿制品，以选择一些新颖独特的东西，尽管这或许是风险更高的选择。argue against是固定搭配，表示“反对”。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，我反对建造仿制品，以选择一些新颖独特的东西，尽管这或许是风险更高的选择。不定式to choose作目的状语。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. abuse B. assist C. current D. fearful E. oral F. presence G. prospect H. receptive I. recommending J. recovering K. response Storytime Is for “Everyone” In a 2010 survey in the United Kingdom, elderly adults who joined weekly read-aloud groups reported better concentration and an improved ability to socialize. The second-century Greek doctor Antyllus even prescribed (开药方) daily recitation to his patients, ____11____ it as a kind of health-giving medicine. We are not the only species to benefit from this kind of ____12____ medicine. Dogs do, too, which is why, since 2014, volunteers at the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals have read to the animals under the group’s care. “Ten or fifteen years ago, I was essentially the only person who worked with the neglect and ____13____ cases,” says Victoria Wells, the organization’s senior manager for behavior and training. “I used to sit with them, and play guitar and sing. I used to play the Beatles. I noticed that the dogs who were very ____14____ would slowly move forward to the front. They would appear to be listening, and they would become very relaxed.” The dogs’ ____15____ to music led in a natural way to the idea of reading aloud. It was a practical means of allowing a larger number of volunteers to minister to ____16____ animals. Some volunteers keep the animals informed of ____17____ events by reading the newspaper, some choose children’s books, and others prefer fiction. On the day I stopped by, a retired opera singer was reading the sci-fi fiction Logan’s Run to half a dozen dogs. “The dogs really enjoy the reading,” Wells says. “We noticed that it really does ____18____ in the standard behavior treatment. The dogs are much more ____19____ to us, and they seem more comfortable in general. I think it’s that comforting tone of voice and the ____20____ of somebody to keep them company that really, really benefits them.” 【答案】11. I 12. E 13. A 14. D 15. K 16. J 17. C 18. B 19. H 20. F 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了志愿者为救助站的狗狗朗读，这种口头方式辅助治疗，让胆小的狗狗变得放松、愿意亲近人。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：二世纪的希腊医生Antyllus甚至给病人开每日诵读的方子，把它推荐为一种保健疗法。句子已有谓语prescribed，此空是非谓语；根据“it”指代“daily recitation”以及“as a kind of health-giving medicine”可知，此空是现在分词recommending，意为“推荐”，作状语。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我们并不是唯一从这类口头疗法中受益的物种。根据第一段“daily recitation”以及空后名词“medicine”可知，此空是形容词oral，意为“口头的”，作定语。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：该机构负责行为与训练的高级经理Victoria Wells说：“十到十五年前，基本上只有我一个人处理遭忽视和虐待的动物案例。”根据“the neglect and”可知，此空是名词且偏负面含义，填abuse，意为“虐待”，作定语修饰cases。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我注意到那些十分胆怯的狗会慢慢挪到前面来。根据“would slowly move forward to the front”以及“were”可推知，狗狗原本胆小害怕不敢动，此空是形容词fearful，意为“害怕的”，作表语。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：狗狗们对音乐的反应很自然地催生了大声朗读这个想法。根据“They would appear to be listening, and they would become very relaxed.”以及“The dogs’ ____ to”可知，此空是名词response，意为“反应”，作主语。response to是固定搭配，意为“对……的反应”。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：这是一个可行办法，让更多志愿者照料正在康复的动物。根据空后名词“animals”以及救助动物的背景可知，此空是现在分词recovering，意为“康复中的”，作定语。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：一些志愿者通过读报纸让动物了解时事，一些志愿者选择儿童读物，还有一些更喜欢小说。根据空后名词“events”以及“reading the newspaper”可知，此空是形容词current，作定语。current events是固定搭配，意为“时事”。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：我们注意到朗读确实在标准行为治疗中起到辅助作用。根据本段末句“keep them company that really, really benefits them”以及“does”后接动词原形可知，此空是assist。assist in是固定搭配，意为“在……方面起帮助作用”。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：狗狗对我们接纳度高很多，总体看起来也更放松。根据“be ____ to”以及“comforting tone of voice”可知，此空是形容词receptive，作表语。be receptive to是固定搭配，意为“愿意接纳，乐于接受”。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：我认为，真正让他们受益的，正是那种让人安心的语气，以及有一个人陪伴在身边的这份存在。根据“the ____ of”以及“keep them company”可知，此空是名词presence，意为“在场”，作主语。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. When you are stuck on a problem, sometimes it is best to stop thinking about it—consciously, anyway. Research has shown that taking a break or a nap can help the brain create____21____to a solution. Now a new study____22____on the effect of this so-called incubation（潜伏期）by using sound cues to focus the sleeping mind on a targeted problem. When humans sleep, parts of the brain replay certain memories, strengthening and transforming them. About a decade ago researchers developed a technique, called targeted memory reactivation（TMR）, aimed at further enhancing____23____memories: when a sound becomes associated with a memory and is later played during sleep, that memory gets____24____. In a study published last November in Psychological Science, scientists tested whether____25____the memory of a puzzle during sleep might also improve problem-solving. About 60 participants visited the laboratory before and after a night of____26____. First, they____27____spatial, verbal and conceptual puzzles, with a distinct music clip repeating in the background for each, until they had worked on six puzzles they could not solve. Overnight they wore electrodes（电极）to detect slow-wave sleep, which may be important for memory enhancement—and a device played the sounds ____28____to three of the six unsolved puzzles. The next day, back at the lab, the participants attempted the six puzzles again.（Each repeated the experiment with a different set of puzzles the following night.） All told, the subjects solved 32 percent of the sound-stimulated puzzles compared with 21 percent of the ____29____puzzles. The researchers "very bravely went for quite complex tasks that involved a lot of complex processing, and remarkably they found these really strong effects in all of their _____30_____." says Penny Lewis, a psychologist at Cardiff University, who was not involved in the research. "These are supercool results. Now we need to go out and try to understand them by firstly replicating（复制）them and secondly trying to _____31_____the component processes that are actually being influenced." Beyond providing new evidence that humans restructure memories while sleeping, the research may have _____32_____implications. "In a futuristic world, maybe TMR could help us use sleep to work on our problems," says lead author Kristin Sanders, who was a graduate student at Northwestern University during the study. Sleep-monitoring technology is increasingly accessible—and even without devices, prospective solvers can focus on important problems before _____33_____. Still, sleep is not _____34_____; people need to do their homework and load their heads with the puzzle pieces involved. "I'm not going to solve cancer with this technique," Sanders says, "because I am totally _____35_____cancer research." 21. A. applications B. commitment C. attention D. pathways 22. A. counts B. expands C. insists D. passes 23. A. treasured B. selected C. devoted D. shortened 24. A. dimmed B. stored C. reactivated D. researched 25. A. neglecting B. examining C. erasing D. revisiting 26. A. sleep B. experiment C. training D. relaxation 27. A. created B. solved C. attempted D. classified 28. A. assigned B. transformed C. explained D. introduced 29. A. unsettled B. untargeted C. unstated D. untested 30. A. puzzles B. brains C. processes D. tasks 31. A. work out B. turn to C. take on D. bring about 32. A. individual B. conceptual C. practical D. collective 33. A. dinner B. dawn C. bed D. schooling 34. A. significant B. magic C. fixed D. possible 35. A. dependent on B. curious about C. interested in D. ignorant of 【答案】21. D 22. B 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. C 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究，该研究通过使用声音线索将睡眠中的大脑集中在一个目标问题上，进一步来研究“潜伏期”的影响。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，休息或小睡可以帮助大脑创造通往解决方案的路径。A. applications申请，应用；B. commitment许诺，承诺；C. attention注意； D. pathways路径，途径。根据后文的to a solution可知，空处应使用pathways，表示“解决问题的途径”。故选D项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，一项新的研究通过使用声音线索将睡眠中的大脑集中在一个目标问题上，来扩大研究这种所谓的潜伏期的影响。A. counts数数；B. expands扩展；C. insists坚持；D. passes传递。前文“Research has shown that taking a break or a nap can help the brain create____1____to a solution.”提到了“潜伏期”的影响。而新的研究应该是扩大研究“潜伏期”的影响。故选B项。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大约十年前，研究人员开发了一种技术，称为定向记忆再激活(TMR) ，旨在进一步增强选定的记忆：当一个声音与记忆联系起来，然后在睡眠中播放时，记忆就会被激活。A. treasured珍视的，宝贵的；B. selected 挑选的，选定的；C. devoted投入的；D. shortened缩短的。根据前文中的targeted memory reactivation中的targeted可知，空处应填近义词selected。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约十年前，研究人员开发了一种技术，称为定向记忆再激活(TMR) ，旨在进一步增强选定的记忆：当一个声音与记忆联系起来，然后在睡眠中播放时，记忆就会被激活。A. dimmed使…暗淡；B. stored存储；C. reactivated使恢复活力；D. researched研究。根据前文中的targeted memory reactivation中的reactivation可知，空处应填reactivated。故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：去年11月发表在《心理科学》杂志上的一项研究中，科学家们测试了是否在睡眠中重温一个谜题的记忆也能提高解决问题的能力。A. neglecting忽视；B. examining检查；C. erasing抹去，消除；D. revisiting再访。根据空后的during sleep可推出，应该是白天没有解出谜题，晚上睡觉时再访（revisit）该记忆。故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：大约60名参与者在睡觉前后参观了实验室。A. sleep睡觉；B. experiment实验；C. training训练；D. relaxation放松。根据空前的a night of可推知，应该是一夜睡眠（sleep）。后文中的sleep也印证了答案。故选A项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，他们尝试了空间、语言和概念性的难题，每个难题背景中都有一个独特的音乐片段，直到他们完成了六个他们无法解决的难题。A. created创造；B. solved 解决；C. attempted尝试；D. classified归类。根据后文中的“until they had worked on”可知，在work on之前，他们应该是尝试（attempt）解决谜题。故选C项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：整整一夜，他们佩戴电极来检测慢波睡眠，这可能对增强记忆很重要--并且一个设备播放分配给六个未解决的谜题中三个的声音。A. assigned分配；B. transformed改变；C. explained解释；D. introduced介绍。be assigned to为固定搭配，意为“分配给…”。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：总的来说，受试者解决了32% 的声音刺激的难题，相比之下，只解决了21% 的非靶向性的难题。A. unsettled未解决的；B. untargeted非靶向性的；C. unstated未陈述的；D. untested未检验的。根据前文的compared with可知，空处应使用与sound-stimulated相反的词，untargeted “非靶向性的”，即没有声音刺激的，符合题意。故选B项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员非常勇敢地进行涉及许多复杂处理的相当复杂的任务，并且他们惊人地发现这些在他们所有的任务中真正强大的效果。A. puzzles谜；B. brains脑子；C. processes过程；D. tasks任务。根据空前的tasks可知，空处也应使用tasks，前后叙述一致。故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：现在，我们需要走出去，首先复制它们，然后试图找出实际上正在受到影响的组件过程，从而试图理解它们。A. work out解决；B. turn to转向…；C. take on承担；D. bring about促成。根据空前的try to understand them可知，空处应使用work out，表达“解决”之意，才能understand them。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了提供新的证据证明人类在睡眠中重组记忆外，这项研究还可能有实际意义。A. individual个人的；B. conceptual概念的；C. practical 实际的；D. collective集体的，共同的。根据后文的“In a futuristic world, maybe TMR could help us use sleep to work on our problems,”提出的实际意义可知，空处应填practical。故选C项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：睡眠监测技术正变得越来越容易使用--即使没有设备，未来的解决者也可以在睡前专注于重要的问题。A. dinner晚餐；B. dawn日出；C. bed床；D. schooling学校教育。根据前文的Sleep-monitoring technology中的sleep可知，空处应使用bed。前后语义相关。故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，睡眠并不是魔法。A. significant重要的；B. magic神奇的，魔法的；C. fixed固定的；D. possible可能的。前文提到了该技术的多种好处，后文 “I'm not going to solve cancer with this technique” 却提到该技术的局限性，因此推测这项技术不是魔法（magic）。故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查形容词短语辨析。句意：因为我对癌症研究一无所知。A. dependent on取决于；B. curious about 对…好奇；C. interested in对…感兴趣；D. ignorant of对…无知。根据前文“I'm not going to solve cancer with this technique”可知，Sanders应是对癌症知识不熟悉（ignorant）。故选D项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) This week, the Summer Boat Show in London is filled with fine boats, shining with new technology. By contrast, my own lies quietly on a tidal creek (小溪) off the south coast. She was designed last year but, seeing her, you might imagine her to be 100 years old and think that her owner must be some kind of lost-soul romantic. For me a boat should always be a boat and not a cottage on the water. When I bought an earlier boat, Hirta, in which I sailed around Britain for a TV race series, the previous owner observed that she had every comfort, but no luxury. During my long relationship with her, Hirta taught me how wise she was. Her sails were heavy, and she had no pumped water, no electricity to speak of, no fridge, no central heating, and absolutely no electronics, yet she was the kindest, easiest boat that I have ever sailed at sea. Back on land, however, it is a sad fact that the very oldness of classic boats means that they need a lot of looking after. When I had a bad injury to my back, I realised that my 15-year love affair with her had to end. Searching for a younger replacement produced no satisfaction, so I decided to build a new boat from scratch. The Westman has never disappointed me. Although Nigel Irens, the designer, and ED Burnett, his right-hand man, are good at computer-assisted design programs, Irens initially drew this boat on a paper napkin, and only later transferred his ideas to the computer. Then, he carved a model, just as boatyards did in the days of sail. Together we considered the primary embryonic vessel (船的雏形), then fed the design back into the electronic box for modification. The next version was nearly right and by the time the final one appeared, the form was perfect. The completed boat has now crossed the North Atlantic and has won four out of her first six racing starts. Her appearance is ageless, her motion at sea is a pleasure and her accommodation provides an atmosphere of deep peace. Maybe this is because she was drawn purely as a sailing craft, without reference to any furniture we might put into her. That is the well-tried method of the sea. In her timeless calmness, she is the living proof that it works: that there is no need to follow current fashions to find satisfaction, and that sometimes it pays to listen to the lessons of history. 36. By “For me a boat should always be a boat and not a cottage on the water”, the writer means that ________. A. he always keeps his boat in good condition B. he never thinks of a boat as his living space C. he doesn't like the idea of building a home on the water D. he doesn't mind whether to live on a boat or in a cottage 37. What is the writer’s opinion of Hirta? A. It was a perfect sailboat. B. It was a little bit luxurious. C. It was not modern enough. D. It was not very comfortable. 38. According to the writer, The Westman was designed in a ________ way. A. creative B. disappointing C. traditional D. repetitive 39. What does the writer want to prove with his boat? A. The lessons of history are not easy to follow though they are useful. B. A boat can work very well even if it involves no modern technology. C. There is no need to find evidence that boats are still a timeless treasure. D. It is impossible to find satisfaction on a boat by following current fashions. 【答案】36. B 37. A 38. C 39. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述作者钟情简约帆船，结合历史经验打造新船，证明不必追逐当下潮流。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“For me a boat should always be a boat and not a cottage on the water.(对我而言，船就应该是船，而不是水上小屋。)”可知，作者认为船的本质是航行工具，不把船当作居住空间。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Her sails were heavy, and she had no pumped water, no electricity to speak of, no fridge, no central heating, and absolutely no electronics, yet she was the kindest, easiest boat that I have ever sailed at sea.(她的船帆很沉，没有泵压供水，几乎没有电力，没有冰箱，没有中央供暖，也完全没有电子设备，可它却是我在海上驾驶过的最贴心、最好操控的船。)”可知，作者认为这是一艘很棒的帆船。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The Westman has never disappointed me.(“韦斯特曼”号从未让我失望。)”和“Then, he carved a model, just as boatyards did in the days of sail.(接着，他雕刻出船模，就像帆船时代造船厂一贯的做法。)”可知，“韦斯特曼”号是以传统方式设计的。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Maybe this is because she was drawn purely as a sailing craft, without reference to any furniture we might put into her. That is the well-tried method of the sea.(或许这是因为它纯粹是作为航行船只来设计的，没有考虑我们可能放进船里的家具。这是经过海上长期检验的方法。)”以及第三段中“Although Nigel Irens, the designer, and ED Burnett, his right-hand man, are good at computer-assisted design programs, Irens initially drew this boat on a paper napkin, and only later transferred his ideas to the computer. Then, he carved a model, just as boatyards did in the days of sail.(尽管设计师奈Nigel Irens，以及他的得力助手ED Burnett都精通计算机辅助设计软件，Irens最初却是在一张餐巾纸上画出这艘船的草图，之后才把构思录入电脑。接着，他雕刻出船模，就像帆船时代造船厂一贯的做法。)”设计师先用餐巾纸手绘、雕刻船模的传统做法可知，作者想用这艘船证明就算不依赖现代科技，船依旧可以性能出众。 (B) Lily: Studying abroad is an area that is becoming increasingly interesting for researchers, as more students are choosing to do a semester, a year or even a degree in another country. In my research, I set out to establish whether young people attending a course abroad acquire more global awareness than students enrolled on similar courses in their home country. Using a comparative study of 50 Canadian undergraduates, half of whom studied abroad for varying lengths of time, there were shown to be considerable gains in global awareness and these were not only noted by the students themselves but also their tutors. Thomas: My research project asked ten students starting a year of study abroad to keep a daily record of their experiences. Having begun the diary a month before leaving home, they continued it for a month after they returned. The primary reason for studying abroad in all cases was to polish their language skills. The students were allowed to write as freely as they wished but were asked to include comments on their language learning experience as well as on the strategies they used to cope with living in a new culture. Analysing the diaries, we found remarkably similar patterns. All the participants demonstrate a gradual recognition and acceptance of difference in other cultures and a new objectivity about their own culture as a result of their experience. Jasmine: This paper reports on some research carried out last year into why students choose a period of study abroad, their reasons for selecting a specific destination, their behaviour when abroad and the extent to which the experience matches their expectations. Having administered a questionnaire to 1,000 international students studying at a number of universities in Australia, we got 696 responses. An initial analysis of the responses has revealed some interesting data suggesting that the key factor affecting all the areas we were investigating was the individual’s personality and study interests. Country of origin and gender proved less significant than expected. Jimmy: This research looked at the career paths of 35 young business people who had spent part of their university course at a foreign educational institution in order to ascertain whether those people had acquired greater cross-cultural perspectives through their experience of study abroad. Concerned about the lack of cultural awareness of their staff, a group of US business corporations proposed the research. The results are less conclusive than expected, but they do suggest that a period of study in a foreign country may help students to develop the cross-cultural awareness that US employers currently seek. 40. The passage is mainly about four researchers’ findings on ______ A. the reasons for young students to study abroad B. the impact and effects of studying in another country C. the trend of more students furthering their study abroad D. the interest of students who once studied in another country 41. ______ used the subjects’ personal account as the research material. A. Lily B. Thomas C. Jasmine D. Jimmy 42. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A. Most of the researchers found the students’ global awareness increased. B. All of the researchers took a reserved attitude towards studying abroad. C. None of the researchers thought gender played a role in students’ choice. D. Only one of the researchers did research on the subjects’ career development. 【答案】40. B 41. B 42. D 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了四位研究者分别围绕出国留学展开研究，介绍了各自的研究内容、研究方式以及相关研究发现，探讨出国留学带来的影响与作用。 【40题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，Lily研究出国留学能否提升全球意识，Thomas研究留学经历对文化认知的影响，Jasmine研究学生选择留学的相关因素，Jimmy研究留学经历对职业发展和跨文化视角的影响，都围绕出国留学带来的影响展开，可知文章主要介绍四位研究者关于出国留学带来的影响的研究成果。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据Thomas部分“My research project asked ten students starting a year of study abroad to keep a daily record of their experiences. Having begun the diary a month before leaving home, they continued it for a month after they returned.(我的研究项目要求十名即将出国学习一年的学生每日记录自己的经历。他们在离家前一个月开始写日记，回国后还继续写了一个月)”可知，Thomas使用研究对象的个人日记作为研究材料。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据Jimmy部分“This research looked at the career paths of 35 young business people who had spent part of their university course at a foreign educational institution in order to ascertain whether those people had acquired greater cross-cultural perspectives through their experience of study abroad.(本研究调查了35名年轻商界人士的职业发展路径，这些人曾在大学就读期间前往境外教育机构完成部分学业，目的是确认这类人群是否通过海外留学经历获得了更开阔的跨文化视野‌)”可知，只有Jimmy的研究涉及研究对象的职业发展。 (C) Draw a line across a page, and write on it what you had for dinner yesterday and what you plan to eat tomorrow. If you come from pretty much any European country, you no doubt wrote last night’s meal to the left of tomorrow night’s because we construct mental timelines to represent and reason about time, and most people in the West think of the past as on the left, and the future as on the right. Arnaud Saj at the University of Geneva and his colleagues wondered whether the ability to create a mental timeline is a necessary part of reasoning about events in time. They found seven Europeans with left hemispatial neglect, which means they have damage to parts of the right side of their brain, limiting their ability to detect, identify and interact with objects in the lefthand side of space. They may eat from only the right side of a plate or shave just the right side of their face. The team also found seven volunteers who had damage to the right side of their brain but didn’t have hemispatial neglect, and seven people with undamaged brains. All the volunteers took part in memory tests. First they learned about a fictional man called David. They were shown pictures of what David liked to eat 10 years ago, and what he might like to eat in 10 years’ time. Participants were then shown drawings of 10 of David’s favourite foods, plus four food items they hadn’t seen before. Participants had to say whether it was a food that David liked in the past or might like in the future. The tests were repeated with items in David’s apartment. People with hemispatial neglect could remember just as many items as the other two groups of volunteers. However, of these items, significantly fewer were from David’s past than his future. They were also more likely to make mistakes about items when they were from the past. In other words, people with hemispatial neglect have trouble imagining the left side of their timeline, and consequently assign past events to the future. It would be interesting to see whether people with neglect of the right space have trouble with events that are supposed to happen in the future, says a researcher, but these kinds of symptoms are rare since the brain areas that represent space are predominantly in the right side. Together these results suggest that the ability to represent space in the mind’s eye is vital to our ability to remember and reason about events that occur along that timeline. “It gives us an understanding of the representation of time in humans,” says Saj. His team will now investigate how people with spatial neglect represent their own understanding of space and time. “They get bored less than others in hospital because the time seems to pass more quickly to them,” he says. Saj’s team will test whether these people experience a compression of “personal time”. 43. People with left hemispatial neglect are most likely to . A. use their left hands more often than right hands B. start reading from the right side of the page C. ignore numbers on the left side of a clock D. shave just the left side of the face 44. What does Arnaud Saj imply about people with right hemisphere neglect? A. Their understanding of time is different from others. B. They are likely to assign the future events to the past. C. They have little trouble reasoning about events in time. D. Their ability to represent space has been greatly affected. 45. The word “compression” (in the last paragraph) is closest in meaning to . A. saving B. dividing C. forgetting D. shortening 46. What can be concluded from the passage? A. Past may well be very vague if your right side of the brain is faulty. B. Right hemisphere neglect is a rare condition among people from the West. C. The brain areas that help understand space and time are close to each other. D. The ability to remember time has something to do with where you are from. 【答案】43. C 44. B 45. D 46. A 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述研究者通过实验探究心理时间线，发现左半侧空间忽视症患者难以感知空间左侧，对应难以处理代表过去的信息，说明大脑空间想象能力对于记忆和理解时间事件十分关键。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“They found seven Europeans with left hemispatial neglect, which means they have damage to parts of the right side of their brain, limiting their ability to detect, identify and interact with objects in the lefthand side of space. They may eat from only the right side of a plate or shave just the right side of their face.(他们发现了七名患有左半侧空间忽视症的欧洲人，这意味着他们的大脑右侧部分受损，从而限制了他们检测、识别左侧空间中的物体并与之互动的能力。他们可能只会用盘子的右侧进食，或者只刮右侧的脸)”可知，这类患者会忽略空间左侧的事物，最有可能忽略钟表左侧的数字。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“In other words, people with hemispatial neglect have trouble imagining the left side of their timeline, and consequently assign past events to the future. It would be interesting to see whether people with neglect of the right space have trouble with events that are supposed to happen in the future, says a researcher, but these kinds of symptoms are rare since the brain areas that represent space are predominantly in the right side.(换言之，患有左半侧空间忽视症的人在想象时间线的左侧时存在困难，因此会将过去的事件误认为发生在未来。一位研究人员表示，观察患有右半侧空间忽略症的人是否在想象未来事件时遇到困难会很有趣，但这类症状较为罕见，因为代表空间的大脑区域主要集中在右侧)”可知，按照对应逻辑，右半侧空间忽视的人很可能把未来事件归为过去。 【45题详解】 词句猜测题。根据最后一段““They get bored less than others in hospital because the time seems to pass more quickly to them,” he says. Saj’s team will test whether these people experience a compression of “personal time”.(“他们在医院里比其他人更不容易感到无聊，因为时间对他们来说似乎过得更快。”他说。萨伊的团队将测试这些人在是否经历了“个人时间”的compression)”可知，他们感知到的个人时间被“缩短”了，compression与D选项“shortening(缩短)”意思相近。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“They found seven Europeans with left hemispatial neglect, which means they have damage to parts of the right side of their brain, limiting their ability to detect, identify and interact with objects in the lefthand side of space.(他们发现了七名患有左半侧空间忽视症的欧洲人，这意味着他们的大脑右侧部分受损，从而限制了他们检测、识别和与左侧空间中的物体互动的能力)”和第四段“In other words, people with hemispatial neglect have trouble imagining the left side of their timeline, and consequently assign past events to the future.(换言之，患有左半侧空间忽视症的人在想象时间线的左侧时存在困难，因此会将过去的事件误认为发生在未来)”并结合该病症由右脑损伤引发，可知如果右脑受损，人可能会对过去的认知很模糊。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Cube has his own voice I arrive at the Szepilona Bisztro, on a leafy road on the “Buda” side of Budapest, holding a Rubik’s Cube and searching for the man who had created it almost 50 years ago. I feel unworthy to have lunch with Erno Rubik, not the least reason of which is because the Cube I am holding has never been solved. Rubik arrives punctually. He has been coming to this restaurant since the late 1960s, when he was a graduate student, before he had invented one of the world’s most successful puzzles — a cube with 43 quintillion combinations, only one of which is correct. ____47____ At that time, Rubik was living in his family’s apartment on a grand avenue on the “Pest” side of the city. He was a professor of architecture, but his room was “like a child’s pocket, full of marbles and treasures”. In an attempt to help students understand three-dimensional problems, he tried to build a set of cubes that stayed together but could also move independently. ____48____ He painted each side a different colour. But after he had twisted it, he realised that he could not easily return it to its original state. “It was a more difficult task to find a system to solve it than it had been to create the thing itself,” he says. In the end, it took him a month. And solving it gave him a “happy feeling of freedom”, he said at the time. The Rubik’s Cube was born, and to date more than 450 million have been sold, the craze reaching its peak in the early 1980s. Rubik was 29 when he “discovered” the Cube in 1974. By 1979, Rubik had sold 300,000. ____49____ From there, it spread across the world, with some 100 million Rubik’s Cubes being sold in only three years. “I can’t imagine there being a higher type for it than there had been in the 80s,” he says. He motions to my Cube. ____50____ Rubik comforts me with a Japanese slogan from the 1980s, coined for a game: “a minute to learn and a lifetime to master”. A. But the content of the Cube is so wide that it can be a symbol of logical thinking, a way of life. B. Eventually he came up with a six-sided structure with nine interlocking cubes on each side. C. His moment of inspiration came in the spring of 1974. D. I am forced to admit that I haven’t solved it yet. E. Rubik was born towards the end of the Second World War to an aircraft engineer father and a poet mother. F. The following year he was offered the chance to take his invention to a toy fair in New York. 【答案】47. C 48. B 49. F 50. D 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述了作者在布达佩斯拜访魔方发明者厄尔诺・鲁比克，了解魔方的创作初衷、诞生经过、风靡全球的过程，以及鲁比克对魔方内涵的理解。 【47题详解】 后文“At that time, Rubik was living in his family’s apartment on a grand avenue on the ‘Pest’ side of the city. He was a professor of architecture, but his room was ‘like a child’s pocket, full of marbles and treasures’. (当时，鲁比克住在佩斯一侧一条宽阔大道上的自家公寓里。他是一名建筑学教授，但他的房间‘像小孩子的口袋，装满弹珠和宝贝’。)”介绍了鲁比克当时的生活背景，C选项“His moment of inspiration came in the spring of 1974. (1974年春天，他灵感迸发。)”点明他1974年春天获得灵感，后文的“At that time”对应选项中灵感到来的时间“in the spring of 1974”，衔接上下文，引出魔方的发明过程。 【48题详解】 前文“In an attempt to help students understand three-dimensional problems, he tried to build a set of cubes that stayed together but could also move independently. (为了帮助学生理解三维空间问题，他尝试制作一组可以固定在一起、又能独立移动的立方体。)”提到他尝试制作可组合又能独立移动的立方体，后文“He painted each side a different colour. (他给每一面涂上不同颜色。)”提到他给每面涂不同颜色，B选项“Eventually he came up with a six-sided structure with nine interlocking cubes on each side. (最终，他设计出了一个六面结构，每一面都有九个相互咬合的小方块。)”说明他最终设计出了每面有九个相互咬合的小方块的六面结构，完美衔接前文的制作尝试和后文的涂色步骤。 【49题详解】 前文“Rubik was 29 when he ‘discovered’ the Cube in 1974. By 1979, Rubik had sold 300,000. (1974年鲁比克‘发现’魔方时29岁。到1979年，魔方已经卖出30万个。)”提到1979年他已经卖出30万个魔方，后文“From there, it spread across the world, with some 100 million Rubik’s Cubes being sold in only three years. (魔方从那里走向全世界，短短三年就售出约一亿个。)”讲魔方随后风靡全球，F选项“The following year he was offered the chance to take his invention to a toy fair in New York. (第二年，他获得机会带着这项发明参加纽约玩具展。)”说明他获得去纽约展示发明的机会，衔接了本地热销到走向世界的发展脉络。 【50题详解】 后文“Rubik comforts me with a Japanese slogan from the 1980s, coined for a game: ‘a minute to learn and a lifetime to master’. (鲁比克用一句80年代出自一款游戏的日本标语安慰我：‘一分钟学会，一辈子精通。’)”提到鲁比克安慰作者，D选项“I am forced to admit that I haven’t solved it yet. (我只好承认，我至今还没能还原它。)”中作者承认自己还没解开这个魔方，呼应首段“I feel unworthy to have lunch with Erno Rubik, not the least reason of which is because the Cube I am holding has never been solved. (能和厄尔诺・鲁比克共进午餐，我自觉有些不配，最重要的原因就是我手上这个魔方，至今还没能还原。)”提到的作者说到自己的魔方从未被解开的伏笔，逻辑通顺。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Power of First Impressions When people meet for the first time, they make first impressions of one another in a few seconds. Research shows that first impressions are very important because they have a strong impact on forming relationships. Studies show that the primacy effect is an important part of first impressions. The primacy effect is the idea that the first impression is very difficult to change. After the first meeting, two people may interact again and learn more about each other, but the early impressions they formed will influence their feelings about each other in the future. For example, if a person has a good first impression of someone, he or she probably will not notice bad things about the person later. However, if that person has a bad first impression, he or she will probably notice mostly bad things in the future. Another interesting part of first impressions is that people act how others expect them to act. This is called a self-fulfilling prophecy. Research by Snyder and Swann supports this idea. In that study, partners played a game together. The partners did not know one another, so the researchers told each player about his partner. Sometimes they said positive things about a partner. Sometimes they said negative things. The result of the study showed that players acted friendly when they expected their partners to be friendly, but they acted unfriendly when they expected their partners to be unfriendly. The players’ expectations influenced how they acted toward one another. A related study by Michael Sunnafrank (2004) showed that when people first meet, they quickly make predictions about what kind of relationship they will have. Sunnafrank found that these predictions had a strong impact on future relationships. In his study of 164 first-year college students, Sunnafrank found that when students predicted they could be friends, they sat closer together in class and interacted more. As a result, they actually became friends. In other words, they made their predictions come true. Clearly, first impressions are very important in forming relationships, because they influence the expectations people have of one another and how they behave toward one another. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】First impressions are important in terms of how the future relationship might be. Firstly, it is difficult to change the first impression. Secondly, people will do what they think others expect them to do at the first meeting. Lastly, people will predict what their relationships will be like in the future when they meet for the first time. 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍人们几秒内就会形成第一印象，它对人际交往影响很大。首因效应使其难以改变，还会催生自我实现预言，人们对关系的预判也往往成真。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ① Research shows that first impressions are very important because they have a strong impact on forming relationships. ② The primacy effect is the idea that the first impression is very difficult to change. After the first meeting, two people may interact again and learn more about each other, but the early impressions they formed will influence their feelings about each other in the future. ③ Another interesting part of first impressions is that people act how others expect them to act. This is called a self-fulfilling prophecy. ④ A related study by Michael Sunnafrank (2004) showed that when people first meet, they quickly make predictions about what kind of relationship they will have. Sunnafrank found that these predictions had a strong impact on future relationships. 2. 缜密构思 将第①点作为核心结论，点明第一印象对建立关系十分重要；第②点概括为首因效应，第一印象很难改变，持续影响后续感受；第③点概括为自我实现预言，人们会按照预想中对方的期待行事；第④点概括为初次见面时人们对关系的预判会深刻影响日后交往。 3. 遣词造句 First impressions are vital because they strongly affect future relationships. The primacy effect makes early impressions difficult to change. Self-fulfilling prophecy leads people to behave as expected. Initial predictions often come true through later interaction, shaping how people relate to each other. 【点睛】【高分句型1】First impressions are important in terms of how the future relationship might be. (运用了how引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】Lastly, people will predict what their relationships will be like in the future when they meet for the first time. (运用了what引导的宾语从句，when引导的状语从句) IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 闲聊有助于打破陌生人之间的僵局。（break the ice）（汉译英） ______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Small talk helps break the ice between strangers. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意，该句描述的是客观事实或普遍规律，全句使用一般现在时；表示“闲聊”为Small talk作主语，位于句首，首字母需大写；表示“有助于做某事”为help (to) do sth.，主语Small talk为不可数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式helps；表示“打破陌生人之间的僵局”为break the ice between strangers，其中break the ice为固定短语，意为“打破僵局/破冰”，“陌生人之间”为介词短语between strangers。 53. 正是那些不经意的善意，构建起人与人之间宝贵的纽带。(It is...that...) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is those casual acts of kindness that build up precious bonds between people. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意和中文提示可知，此处考查It is...that... 强调句型；表示“那些不经意的善意”应用those casual acts of kindness，作主语，为强调部分；表示“构建起”应用build up，作谓语，时态用一般现在时陈述客观事实；表示“人与人之间宝贵的纽带”应用precious bonds between people，作宾语。 54. 不要轻易假设线上友谊能够完全取代现实交往。（assume） (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Do not easily assume that online friendships can completely replace real-life interactions. 【解析】 【详解】“不要”表达为否定祈使句Do not，其中Do为助动词，not为否定副词；“轻易地”表达为副词easily，作状语，修饰assume；“假设”表达为动词assume，结合提示词assume，用动词原形；“线上友谊能够完全取代现实交往”表达为that引导的宾语从句that online friendships can completely replace real‑life interactions，其中that为连接词，引导宾语从句；“线上友谊”表达为名词短语online friendships，作从句主语，其中online为形容词表示“线上的”，friendships为名词复数；“能够”表达为情态动词can，后接动词原形；“完全”表达为副词completely，作状语，修饰replace；“取代”表达为动词replace，用动词原形；“现实交往”表达为名词短语real‑life interactions，作replace的宾语，其中real‑life为复合形容词表示“现实的”，interactions为名词复数表示“交往”。 55. 虽然善意的小谎言可以保护他人的情感，但我们必须分清何时应当坚持实话实说。(while) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】While a white lie of good intentions can protect others’ feelings, we must distinguish when to stick to telling the truth. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意以及句子提示要求可知，该句为连词While“虽然”引导让步状语从句，从句中，表示“善意的小谎言”应为名词短语a white lie of good intentions；表示“可以”为情态动词can；表示“保护他人的情感”应为动词短语protect others’ feelings；主句中，表示“必须”为情态动词must；表示“分清”为动词distinguish；后接“疑问词when + 不定式”结构，作distinguish的宾语，表示“坚持实话实说”应为动词短语stick to telling the truth。 V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，你校将于下个月举办一次慈善义卖，计划招募部分学生作为志愿者参与本次义卖的组织工作。作为学校宣传部的成员，你需要为志愿者招募写一份说明，内容须包括： 1）对这次义卖的简单介绍（如主题、时间、目的等）； 2）计划招募多少名志愿者以及他们的责任。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Volunteer Recruitment Notice To raise funds for underprivileged children and foster the sense of social responsibility, our school will host a charity bazaar themed “Passing on Love” next month. All proceeds will go to rural schools to supply learning materials and better local children’s education. To ensure the smooth operation of the event, we plan to recruit 30 volunteers, who will be assigned various responsibilities. Your main tasks are setting up stalls, sorting donated goods, keeping order and handing out leaflets. If you are caring and warm-hearted, come and join us. You can help with this worthy activity as well as develop your organizational and communication skills. Please sign up at the Student Union office by next Wednesday. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以李明的身份，撰写一则慈善义卖志愿者招募说明，介绍义卖相关信息以及志愿者人数和职责。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 各种各样的：various → a wide range of 体贴人的：caring → considerate 热心的：warm-hearted→ enthusiastic 有价值的：worthy → valuable 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：All proceeds will go to rural schools to supply learning materials and better local children’s education. 拓展句：All proceeds will go to rural schools, where they will be used to supply learning materials and better local children’s education. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】To raise funds for underprivileged children and foster the sense of social responsibility, our school will host a charity bazaar themed “Passing on Love” next Friday.（运用了不定式作目的状语以及过去分词短语作后置定语） 【高分句型 2】To ensure the smooth operation of the event, we plan to recruit 30 volunteers, who will be assigned various responsibilities.（运用了关系代词who引导的非限制性定语从句以及动词不定式作目的状语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $