上海复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年第一学期高二年级英语学科9月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科9月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷　答案 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 1. because 2. Put 3. whether 4. further 5. which 6. to listen 7. may 8. is not known 9. concerning 10. what Section B 11. E 12. K 13. J 14. C 15. B 16. H 17. D 18. A 19. G 20. F II. Reading Comprehension Section A 21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. B Section B 36. D 37. D 38. A 39. C 40. B 41. C 42. B 43. C 44. D 45. C 46. A Section C 47. B 48. D 49. E 50. A III. Summary Writing 51. Heavy metal music has been associated with negative effects on listeners’ behavior and mental health. However, recent studies challenge these assumptions. A study from Macquarie University found that heavy metal fans respond to violent imagery in the same way as non-fans. Another study at the University of Queensland revealed that extreme music can provide emotional release and help process anger. IV. Translation 52. It is very pleasant to take a walk on an early spring morning. 53. His elderly father is looking forward to his return every day. 54. In winter, when the flu is spreading, we need to be more cautious and take necessary preventive measures. 55. Although multitasking wastes time and energy, many workers say they are often required to work on several tasks at once. V. Guided Writing 56. Dear School Administration, I am writing to express my firm opposition to converting the open-air tennis courts into a parking lot. As a student, I believe we should prioritize our physical well-being over the convenience of parking. According to the survey conducted by the Student Union, an overwhelming 78% of students use the tennis courts regularly: 52% at least once a week and 26% daily. This data clearly demonstrates that the courts are an integral part of campus life, serving as a vital outlet for stress relief and exercise. Only 22% of respondents never use them. Even so, eliminating such a crucial sports venue would undermine the health and vitality of the student body, for physical fitness is essential to academic success. Therefore, I strongly urge the school to seek alternative locations, such as unused spaces near the main gate. Preserving our sports facilities is paramount to a dynamic and healthy campus. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科9月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Mirror Neurons (神经元) Do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently it’s 1          we have mirror neurons in our brains. 2          (put) simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate it, 3          we actually perform the same action or not. This explains a great deal about how we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. But the idea goes 4          (far): mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions, they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people. Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the areas 5          relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences 6          (listen) to (for example: “The hand took hold of the ball”), the same mirror neurons were triggered (触发) as when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball). Any problems with mirror neurons 7          well result in problems with behavior. Much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning. However, it 8          (not know) exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders. Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with even more information 9          (concern) how humans behave and interact. Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent for neuroscience of 10          Einstein’s theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else does—well, perhaps you’ll understand why. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. comparisons B. crucially C. cultivate D. descriptions E. extends F. findings G. frequently H. presented I. preserve J. supports K. useful Smells and Sensibility The human sense of smell is weak. And the relative weakness of smell compared with sight 11          to language, too. Humans have no difficulty putting names to colours but are bad at putting names to smells. Some researchers suggest it is a consequence of the tendency of languages to contain words 12          to their speakers. A study, by Asifa Majid at Radboud University in the Netherlands and Nicole Kruspe at Lund University in Sweden, 13          this. To test how important people’s way of life is to their use of abstract words for smells, Dr Majid and Dr Kruspe looked at how two groups of people used terms for colours and smells. These were the Semaq Beri, who hunt and gather for a living, and the Semelai, who 14          rice. And 15          although these two peoples make their livings in different ways, their languages are closely related and they both live in the rainforest. Dr Majid and Dr Kruspe asked 20 Semaq Beri and 21 Semelai to name smells and colours 16          to them at random. The two researchers found that the Semaq Beri used abstract terms for smells 86% of the time—about as often as they did for colours, which was 80%. The Semelai also used abstract colour 17          at a similar rate, namely 78% of the time. But when it came to describing smells they relied on abstraction on only 44% of occasions, while turning to 18          such as “banana-like” and “chocolate-like”, 56% of the time. Moreover, the Semaq Beri more 19          agreed with one another about naming odours than did the Semelai. Given these 20         , Dr Majid and Dr Kruspe argue that it is the hunting-and-gathering way of life, rather than the use of a particular language, that is important to the use of abstract names for smells. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. While people who are both trustworthy and capable are the most sought after when it comes to team assembly, friendliness and trustworthiness are often more important factors than ability. “We assume that people are 21          for important task forces and teams because of the knowledge, skills and abilities they bring to the table. However, this research suggests that people may often get picked because team members feel 22          with them,” said Cynthia Maupin, assistant professor of organizational behavior and leadership in Binghamton University’s School of Management. “People may be willing to 23          a bit in terms of performance in order to have a really positive team experience.” Maupin and her colleagues focused on a group of MBA students to conduct their study. Students were 24          assigned to teams at the beginning of the semester to work on class projects and assignments. Toward the end of the semester, students were asked to form their own teams and 25          why they selected each member of their group. “We wanted to find out what people did to 26          to others that they might be someone who would be good to team up with in the future,” Maupin said. The researchers 27          looked at how students signaled their human capital, the ability to do their tasks well, and their social capital, the 28          to which they were friendly and trustworthy, to other students by studying their use of either challenging or supportive voice: ● Challenging voice: Communicating in a way that challenges the present circumstances and is 29          new ideas and efficiency. ● Supportive voice: Communicating in a way that 30          social ties and trust, and builds friendly unity of a team. The researchers found that people who 31          both abilities, through the use of challenging voice, and trustworthiness, through the use of supportive voice, were the most in-demand people when it came to 32          teams. “As might be expected, anyone who was very strong in terms of signaling both their human and social capital was extremely sought after. They’re doing all the right things to 33          that they’re both trustworthy and a good worker,” Maupin said. However, the researchers found that students who only exhibited social capital through 34          voice were more sought after than those who only signaled their ability through the use of challenging voice. “Our findings suggest that when people feel like they can trust you, even if you’re not 35          the best worker, they’re going to be more likely to want to work with you,” Maupin said. “They know that there are likely to be fewer interpersonal issues in that case.” 21. A. qualified B. selected C. examined D. accounted 22. A. dissatisfied B. favourite C. permanent D. comfortable 23. A. sacrifice B. exchange C. prohibit D. contribute 24. A. deliberately B. originally C. randomly D. purposefully 25. A. bargain B. assess C. negotiate D. neglect 26. A. signal B. contribute C. devote D. manage 27. A. indefinitely B. frequently C. considerably D. specifically 28. A. occasion B. mission C. degree D. opinion 29. A. engaged in B. focused on C. gotten across D. taken off 30. A. adjusts B. decreases C. monitors D. strengthens 31. A. exhibited B. developed C. evaluated D. concealed 32. A. separating B. dominating C. assembling D. maintaining 33. A. establish B. resolve C. analyze D. estimate 34. A. challenging B. moderate C. healthful D. supportive 35. A. doubtfully B. necessarily C. questionably D. fortunately Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） The employees at Helwig Carbon Products in Milwaukee have their own company cafeteria on site, a rarity it seems more and more these days. But if anyone wants to eat a doughnut (甜甜圈), it’s going to cost twice as much as what they might pay for the sweet at the local grocery store. That’s because Helwig Carbon Products has a wellness program, and it is one of many local companies trying to show employees how to eat healthier. “We’re really trying to persuade people to eat healthier,” said Cheryl Brah, human resources director at Helwig Carbon Products. “A piece of fruit is 25 cents; a doughnut is $1.50 — and we still have people who buy doughnuts. People complain — but we really try to put our efforts toward the middle-of-the-line people who might lean more toward the wellness side, eventually.” This effort isn’t just happening at Helwig Carbon. There has been a city-wide movement of 44 local companies who added or evolved their health and wellness programs to their company culture, and because of it Milwaukee is now nationally recognized for a large number of businesses with wellness programs. It all started several years ago, when a program called Well City Milwaukee teamed up with 44 local businesses that collectively represent a workforce of 130,000 employees. Well City Milwaukee provided healthy practices guidelines for businesses. In exchange, it surveyed the employees to find out what their health needs and risks were and what activities they found interesting. Well City then set a very high bar for companies to meet a lot of expectations to be considered a top wellness program. Companies needed a commitment from the CEO; to form a wellness team; to collect information from the employees in surveys and health assessments; to come up with an operating plan; to create a supportive environment; to self-evaluate their efforts; and finally, to choose their best approaches. That meant coming up with activities, better nutrition education, and motivational programs like getting people to quit smoking, getting people in for medical self-care and working on stress management. 36. What does the passage mainly want to tell us? A. Company cafeterias are rarer and rarer these days. B. A healthy diet is especially important to people’s health. C. Company culture is gaining priority in a company’s development. D. Companies are trying to help their employees think about their health. 37. The company cafeteria charges much more for doughnuts in order to _____. A. drive employees to the local grocery store B. show the rich ingredients of the doughnuts C. profit more from the wellness program D. discourage the purchase of unhealthy food 38. “The middle-of-the-line people” in Paragraph 2 refer to those who _____. A. are neutral about what to eat B. are used to cutting in line when buying food C. are addicted to sweet food D. are middle-aged and have health problems 39. According to Well City Milwaukee’s requirements, a top wellness program of a company should _____. A. motivate its employees to cooperate with each other B. diagnose and treat its employees’ diseases effectively C. initiate related activities based on their employees’ needs D. prohibit its CEO from putting any pressure on its employees （B） A decade ago, psychology acquired an uncomfortable reputation. A series of attempts to repeat well-known experiments failed, and the failures were not random: the effects that vanished were, almost without exception, the interesting ones. The scandal gave the field a word — replication — and a crisis, and it changed what counts as a respectable result. The most visible response was procedural. Journals began to accept “registered reports”, in which a study is reviewed and accepted before the data are collected, so that the decision to publish no longer depends on what the study finds. Researchers were encouraged to post their materials, their data and their analysis plans in advance. None of these practices makes a result true. What they do is remove the most obvious ways of accidentally producing an impressive finding that is not real. A subtler change concerns what a single study is for. In its classical form, an experiment is a test: it is designed to decide whether a hypothesis survives. Under the new regime, an experiment is better understood as a measurement: it contributes one number, with a known margin of error, to an average that only becomes informative when many such numbers are combined. The difference sounds technical, but it alters what a researcher is entitled to claim. A single surprising result is no longer a discovery; it is a data point that has not yet been placed. The change has been resisted, for an obvious reason. Measurement is unglamorous. It offers no headline, no eureka, and it requires a researcher to spend years on a question that will be settled by someone else’s arithmetic. It also, quietly, redistributes credit: the person who runs the twenty-fifth study of the same effect does work of genuine value, and nobody will ever name a prize after them. Whether the reforms have made psychology more truthful is not yet clear, and the honest answer is that they may have made it more modest instead. That is not a defeat. A field that reports its effect sizes with confidence intervals, and says plainly that it does not yet know, is harder to summarise and easier to trust. 40. What was the pattern in the failed replications mentioned in paragraph 1? A. They were carried out carelessly. B. The effects that could not be repeated were the notable ones. C. They involved experiments that had never been published. D. They failed mainly in fields outside psychology. 41. According to paragraph 2, what do registered reports and posted analysis plans achieve? A. They guarantee that a published result is correct. B. They make research cheaper to conduct. C. They remove the commonest routes to spurious findings. D. They increase the number of studies that are published. 42. What is the writer’s point about a “measurement” in paragraph 3? A. It replaces the need for hypotheses altogether. B. It makes a single study less conclusive on its own. C. It is technically harder than the classical experiment. D. It is only useful in the physical sciences. （C） No creature of the Far North is less beloved than the wolverine, which is best known for unpleasantness. It grows to about 30 pounds, and has claws and jaws (爪子和下颚) strong enough to tear apart a frozen moose (驼鹿). It will eat anything, including teeth. A wolverine will attack an animal ten times its size, chasing a moose or caribou for miles before bringing it down. Wolverines were once relatively common in the United States, but trapping and habitat loss have shrunk populations to just 300 or so animals, now mostly found in the Cascades and Northern Rockies. Arctic populations are thought to be healthier, but the animal’s furtive (鬼鬼祟祟的) nature and the vast area each one covers pose a challenge to scientists. “The effort you have to put into finding enough of them to make reasonable conclusions about the population is considerable,” says Tom Glass, a field biologist with the Wildlife Conservation Society, or WCS, which is conducting a comprehensive field study of Arctic wolverines. From low-flying airplanes over Alaska’s North Slope, the researchers have observed that wolverines live “pretty much everywhere,” says Martin Robards, of the WCS. Dozens of wolverines trapped on the tundra (冻原) by researchers and outfitted with satellite collars are revealing how the animals live. A typical day might include a 12-hour nap, followed by 12 hours of nearly nonstop running to find food, covering as many as 25 miles or more. Several females live within the territory of a single male, which polices a range of 800 square miles, two-thirds the size of Rhode Island. Glass, the WCS researcher, is particularly interested in how Arctic wolverines use snowpack for storing food, for shelter from predators and especially for raising their kits, which are born in snow dens (穴) in the early spring. The dens are tunnel systems of surprising complexity. They might reach ten or so feet and extend 200 feet along a snow-buried riverbank. Because snow dens appear crucial for ensuring the health of young wolverines, and thus future populations, the research has extra urgency. The Arctic is warming twice as fast as the rest of the planet, and the snowpack appears to be melting an average of one day earlier every other year. Meanwhile, the researchers are getting a new perspective on the unlovable beasts. Female wolverines, which birth a litter of kits every one to three years, live with their young for about a year. “We have pictures from reproductive dens of the mother with her kits,” Glass told me. “They are like a family scene from any species you can think of.” 43. What can be learned about wolverines from the passage? A. They spend most time of their life sleeping. B. Female ones are responsible for finding food. C. They can take down large animals despite their size. D. Male ones can share their territory with other males. 44. Tom Glass is quoted in paragraph 2 in order to show that A. WCS is going to put more efforts to study Arctic wolverines B. Arctic wolverines are known for their tough and fearless nature C. the population of Arctic wolverines are shrinking in the U.S.A. D. it’s hard to locate enough Arctic wolverines for the study 45. According to the passage, what is the challenge facing Arctic wolverines? A. The complexity of the tunnel systems. B. The negative impression people have of them. C. The effect of the climate change on the snowpack. D. The decline of the animal population they feed on. 46. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage? A. There is more to wolverines than their reputation as unpleasant beasts. B. Wolverines’ reproductive cycle is slower than many other animals. C. Some wolverines are bigger than people generally think they are. D. Wolverines live best in areas with varying temperature in a day. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Bad Dreams Are Good A. Then again, your brain might be practicing so you’ll be ready if such an event ever comes to pass. B. Relatedly, people put great stock in their dreams. C. The dreamiest member of the animal kingdom logs up to eight hours of REM sleep a day. D. Even if dreams can’t foretell the future, they seem to expose our shared emotions. E. Others argue that dreams have no evolutionary function at all. F. But those who reported dreams about the exam, even bad ones, did better on it than those who didn’t. What are dreams for? There are a handful of theories. Sigmund Freud famously claimed that they reveal hidden truths and wishes. More recent research suggests that they may help us process intense emotions, or perhaps sort through and enhance memories, or make sense of random neuron (神经元) activity, or practise responding to threatening situations. Despite being largely unsupported by evidence, Freud’s view maintains a strong following around the world. Researchers found that students in the U.S., South Korea, and India were much more likely to say that dreams reveal hidden truths than to support better-substantiated theories. 47          In the same study, respondents said that dreaming about a plane crash would cause them more anxiety than an official warning about a terrorist attack. 48          The majority of dreams occur during REM sleep cycles, of which the average person has four or five a night. Anxiety is quite common: A study of Canadian university students found the most common dream topics to be school, falling, being chased, and arriving too late for something. Fears show up as well: being paralyzed (麻痹的) with fear, or “wild, violent beasts.” If humans are sounder sleepers than animals, can we have evolved to practise our fears and anxieties in dreams, each a safe rehearsal for the real thing? 49          So the next time you dream about an education-related scenario in which you are both failing and being chased, don’t worry: It’s probably totally meaningless. 50          III. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Historically, heavy metal music has a reputation for the effect it has on its listeners’ behaviour and mental health. Studies have suggested a link between listening to heavy metal and increased suicide risk or desensitisation (麻木不仁) to violence, but these have often failed to take account of outside factors, such as poor family relationships and feelings of isolation. Even though a 2018 study at Macquarie University in New South Wales found that music with violent themes does not make fans more violent, it might take some time for heavy metal’s image to change. The effect heavy metal music has on its fans isn’t as negative as you might expect. According to the researchers at the Macquarie University study, regular listeners responded to violent imagery in the same way as non-listeners. Fans’ sensitivity to violence was tested using a standard technique known as “binocular rivalry”. Test subjects are shown two different images at the same time, one to each eye. The brain, which is used to combining two similar images to produce one three-dimensional image, chooses one to perceive while the other is suppressed (压制). One of the images presented is violent in nature, while the other is neutral. Ordinarily, the brain prioritises the violent image, which helps it to identify and assess threats. The researchers asked both fans and non-fans to indicate when they perceived each image, and found that both groups showed the same tendency to process the violent image first. In fact, for fans of heavy metal, the music could be helpful, providing emotional release. In 2015, a study at the University of Queensland asked for participants who were fans of extreme music. They made them angry, then allowed them to listen to the music of their own choice and assessed how their emotional state had changed. The researchers found that the extreme music improved their emotional state, and could help with processing anger. IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 初春的清晨外出散步，特别惬意。(It) 53. 年迈的父亲每天都在盼望着他能回来。(look forward) 54. 冬季往往是流感肆虐的季节，我们更需要提高警惕，做好必要的预防措施。(when) 55. 尽管多任务处理费时费力，但许多工人说他们经常被要求同时完成许多任务。(waste) V. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假设你是明启中学高二学生李明，最近你校计划将露天网球场改造为停车场，以满足学校教工停车的需求，但学校师生对这一计划褒贬不一。为了更好地帮助校方做出决策，学生会调研了师生对该网球场的使用情况，结果如下图所示。结合这一调研结果，写一封信给校方，内容须包括：1) 你是否赞同这一改造计划；2) 结合调研结果说明你的理由。 图表数据：Never 22%; Daily 26%; At least once a week 52% 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $