精品解析：上海市市西中学2026-2027学年高二上学期10月调研英语试卷

上海市市西中学2026-2027学年高二上学期10月调研 英语试卷 2026.10 I. Listening Comprehension (25’) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. $10. B. $20. C. $30. D. $40. 2. A. At the toy store. B. At school. C. At the bicycle-repair shop. D. At the post office. 3. A. Stay inside. B. Find his umbrella. C. Look outside. D. Go out with an umbrella. 4. A. He did show her one of the signs. B. Sarah has to act in a play. C. Sarah already knows about the exhibit. D. He would play in the theatre. 5. A. Annoyed. B. Apologetic. C. Bored. D. Understanding. 6. A. She wants to go to class. B. She really wants to go to the movie. C. She prefers not to go to the movie. D. She thinks the man is too tired to go to the movie. 7. A. He gave the woman the wrong directions. B. He’s also looking for the dean’s office. C. His friend works in the dean’s office. D. He can’t give the woman directions. 8. A. Betty rarely borrows money. B. Betty rarely repays debts quickly. C. Betty has a lot of expenses lately. D. He’s never lent Betty any money. 9. A. This game level is rather easy. B. He owes the woman a favour. C. He doesn’t like playing video games. D. The woman should ask somebody else. 10. A. To monitor her improvement. B. To ensure her safety. C. To encourage her in words. D. To show her how to lift a weight. Section B Directions: In section B, you will hear several short passages and longer conversations, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and conversations. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. The damage to the speaker’s home. B. The damage to his neighbors’ houses. C. The deaths caused by the earthquake. D. The exact time when the earthquake happened. 12. A. They moved to the beautiful city of Kobe. B. They felt worried that terrible experience might happen again. C. They didn’t care since they had experienced many earthquakes. D. They had a financial problem in rebuilding their home. 13. A. Frightened and worried. B. Calm and indifferent. C. Confused and excited. D. Angry and hopeless. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. A dispute between Russia and the United States. B. A Russian rocket carries the first space tourist. C. An American millionaire supports the Russian space program. D. Putting a non-professional astronaut in space will end in tragedy. 15. A. He is taking a journey to the international space station. B. He was nervous as the rocket rose into the blue skies. C. He is a business partner of Russian space agency. D. He has planned this trip ever since 1986. 16. A. 9 minutes. B. 73 seconds. C. Two days. D. Six days. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Sit around. B. Baby sit. C. Earn some money. D. Clean the house. 18. A. They left their house empty. B. They paid Tom to live in their house. C. They asked a friend for help. D. They hired a baby-sitter. 19. A. Mow the lawn. B. Water the plants. C. Take care of the children. D. Feed the pets. 20. A. Filling a form. B. An interview with the homeowners. C. Three references. D. Relevant experience. II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20’) Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Work quietly until the results speak. What changes your life is rarely what you announce – it is what you keep doing when no one is watching. Not every plan needs to be announced. Much of meaningful growth happens during periods ____1____ almost nobody is paying attention. There are no impressive results yet, no applause, and sometimes not even certainty ____2____ the path will work. You simply keep doing the work. So “quiet” does not mean becoming secretive or refusing support. It means reclaiming your attention: explaining less, performing less, protecting unfinished work ____3____ premature judgment, and investing more energy in execution, feedback, and accumulation. Don’t announce a version of yourself that hasn’t been built yet. Most goals are especially fragile at the beginning, and the conviction behind the decision is still relatively thin. Yet this is often ____4____ we feel most tempted to announce everything. “I’m changing my life.” “This is what I’m going to do now.” “This year I’ll finally make it happen.” ____5____ (share) the plan brings encouragement and attention, and for a moment it can feel as if progress has already begun. The difficult part comes later: the twentieth repetition, the third month without visible results, the work nobody notices, and the days when excitement disappears but the task ____6____ (remain). These moments are less interesting to talk about, yet they are what determine whether the change survives. Some plans therefore deserve a private beginning. Not because they must remain secret forever, but because unfinished things sometimes need protection before they need ____7____ audience. Once unfinished work enters public view too early, a second set of metrics can take over: Who liked it? What do people think of this direction? Do my friends approve? Why did that person not react? Attention that ____8____ have gone toward solving the problem begins to manage other people’s impressions instead. ____9____ you even know whether the work is good, you are already worried about whether it looks good. Once you calibrate yourself against results, applause becomes ____10____ (necessary) for daily motivation. You can continue when nobody is watching and tolerate periods of low recognition because progress—not noise—is what you are tracking. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. comprised   B. bonds   C. suffers   D. checked   E. consists   F. unease G. anchored   H. contentment   I. treats   J. accounts   K. addicted Why overeating cannot deliver lasting joy Many people trapped in chronic stress resort to compulsive overeating. They become ____11____ to the rush of dopamine triggered by sugary and fatty foods, believing it can quiet their inner ____12____. The appeal is easy to understand: the snack offers a cheap and quick fix. This phenomenon, known as “the hedonic treadmill” (享乐适应) describes a biological mechanism by which the brain gradually adapts to pleasurable stimuli. Over time, it demands stronger and richer calorie-dense food just to attain the same emotional reward. This, in large part, ____13____ for why people keep eating more while feeling less contented. In other words, these vulnerable individuals get stuck in a vicious circle of cravings and guilt. While overeating may temporarily mask anxiety, it fails to nurture the deeper psychological fulfilment that authentic happiness is ____14____of. Research conducted across decades confirms that long-lasting ____15____ rarely stems from eating alone or instant pleasure; instead, it emerges from meaningful social ____16____, a sense of purpose and the capacity to enjoy subtle, everyday experiences. Those who rely on food to regulate their mood often discover that once the physical comfort fades, their original distress returns, now compounded by regret and poorer health. Psychologists do not dismiss simple pleasures entirely, but they warn that if we rely on food as an emotional crutch (拐杖), our ability to cultivate long-term well-being ____17____. After all, our willpower has a limited battery, and when we spend it on endless cravings, little is left for what truly matters. So what can we do? Instead of seeking short-lived bursts of delight via overeating, it is time we ____18____ our happiness in activities that are more accessible and more lasting: joining a community, engaging our curiosity and building a stable sense of self-worth. These moves are not about giving up ____19____ forever; they are about keeping the urge to overeat ____20____ and putting food back in its proper place. In this framework, happiness is not a sensation we consume, but a state of mind that we construct gradually through intentional choices. III. Reading Comprehension (45’) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. What is the best way to catch someone who is telling a lie? For a long time, the traditional method of ____21____ liars was to watch their body language, including facial expressions. What if the person ____22____ to be nervous? Is the person unable to look me in the eye? Is he or she looking around the room? What about other nervous ____23____, such as fidgeting or shifting from side to side? Many people — from parents to police officers and airport security personnel — depend on this method. But does a person’s body and face ____24____ the truth? Not according to a new study. Can you catch a liar? Talking, it seems, is the best way to ____25____ out a liar. That is what researchers in the United Kingdom found out recently. Their ____26____ took place at one place where lying can get you into big trouble — an airport. The researchers asked volunteers to pretend they were real passengers and then lie to airport security agents. Some ____27____ conversation‑based methods to question these make‑believe passengers. Others depended instead on the person’s body language, like lack of eye contact and ____28____ signs of nervousness. The agents talking with the passengers were 20 times more likely to catch the liars. The study has found that these conversation‑based techniques can help you ____29____ when a person is lying to you. Like many methods, this conversation method has a name. It is called Controlled Cognitive Engagement or CCE, for short. The British government partly ____30____ this study. The American Psychological Association published the findings. Body language cannot be trusted. Using body language and facial expressions to catch someone in a lie is really hard. And it only works, ____31____, by chance. Thomas Ormerod is the head of the School of Psychology at the University of Sussex in England. On the APA website, he reported that the “suspicious‑signs method” — or using body language — “almost completely ____32____” in finding lies. In the conversational CCE method, security agents just talk with passengers. They ask about informal things as you would in a(n) ____33____ conversation. While talking, the agents might ask questions about topics that are apparently ____34____. Then the agent observes if the person becomes more ____35____. They also observe whether their way of speaking changes. 21. A. calculating B. hunting C. identifying D. describing 22. A. appears B. pretends C. decides D. attempts 23. A. movement B. disorder C. impression D. explanation 24. A. hide B. disclose C. acknowledge D. accept 25. A. work B. put C. come D. pick 26. A. system B. programme C. investigation D. process 27. A. improved B. adopted C. inquired D. recommended 28. A. carrying B. attaching C. avoiding D. displaying 29. A. catch B. recognize C. guess D. explain 30. A. motivated B. released C. financed D. reviewed 31. A. totally B. seemingly C. heavily D. especially 32. A. fails B. works C. succeeds D. disappears 33. A. normal B. similar C. essential D. familiar 34. A. related B. shared C. unimagined D. unrelated 35. A. unpredicted B. unprecedented C. unsolved D. uninformed Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) I was sitting in my high school classroom, nervously tapping my pencil against the desk as I awaited the start of the English exam. As the clock struck, signaling the beginning of the exam, my heart began to race. I opened the exam booklet and scanned the questions, and I felt a wave of panic over me. The questions seemed foreign, and the topics unfamiliar. In a state of panic, I hurriedly wrote down my answers, hoping that somehow, by some stroke of luck, they would be correct. But as the minutes went by, I realized I couldn’t seem to make sense of the questions before me. As the final bell rang, I handed in my paper with a heavy heart. In the days that followed, I couldn’t shake the feeling of failure that hung over me like a dark cloud. I replayed the exam over and over in my mind, analyzing every question, every answer, searching for clues as to where I had gone wrong. But in the depression, a realization began to dawn on me — I had failed, yes, but I had also learned valuable lessons along the way. Armed with this newfound wisdom, I ensured that I would do better next time. I threw myself into my studies with renewed determination, devouring books and practicing past exams with an eagerness I had never known before. When the time came to retake the exam, I was ready. I approached each question with confidence and clarity, drawing upon the lessons I had learned from my previous missteps. When the results were announced, I held my breath as I scanned the list of names. And there it was — my name, shining brightly among the list of successful candidates. At that moment, all the hard work, all the late nights and early mornings, were worth it. And as I look back on that sunny afternoon in the high school classroom, I am grateful for the lessons it taught me, and the person it helped me become. 36. Why did the author panic when he first took the exam? A. He sat with a pounding heart. B. He found the questions too difficult. C. He was not familiar with the foreign language. D. He was in a hurry when answering the questions. 37. What did the author do after he failed in the exam? A. He attended valuable lessons in school. B. He retook the exam over and over again. C. He promised to arm himself with eagerness. D. He determined to engage himself in learning. 38. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “devouring” (paragraph 4)? A. being targeted at B. being obliged for C. being absorbed in D. being credited to 39. According to the passage, this experience helped the author become _____. A. cheerful and considerate B. objective and demanding C. tough and persevering D. proud and tolerant (B) How We Get Vitamin D Vitamin D helps our bodies absorb calcium for stronger bones. We get it from two slightly different molecules (分子). One is D3, made when sunlight hits our skin cells. The other is D2, which comes from fungi and yeast. Some foods may be fortified (强化) with D2. To become active, both molecules go through several conversions in the body. SUNSHINE AND SKIN People, like plants, transform solar energy into essential molecules. When UVB rays enter certain skin cells, compounds from those cells are transformed into D3. FOOD AND SUPPLEMENTS Very few foods naturally contain high amounts of vitamin D. Fatty fish such as salmon and tuna do, as does cod liver oil. Supplements can contain a mix of D3 and D2 forms; the D3 compound is commonly derived from irradiated sheep’s wool grease, which is also the source of the vitamin D in fortified milk. 40. How many kinds of molecule related to the whole process of Vitamin D absorption are mentioned in this passage? A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four 41. Xiao Ming is found to suffer from rickets, which is caused by low level of Vitamin D. Which of the following ways can help him? A. Having more plants in the house. B. Applying wool grease to the skin. C. Eliminating fatty fish from the diet. D. Turning to drinking fortified milk. 42. According to the passage, which of the following statement is TRUE? A. D2 and D3 are converted into 25D in the liver. B. D2 is made when UVB rays enter certain skin cells. C. All kinds of vitamin D can only be stored for several days in the body. D. The 25D molecules function as “on” switches for genes. (C) Gothic fiction is a genre of literature featuring the elements of fear, horror, and the supernatural. There are often characters such as vampire (吸血鬼) and evil spirits. Common subject matter includes family curses (诅咒), mystery and madness. Gothic fiction is the forerunner of the modern horror genre, although the original genre has continued to have a faithful following. Originating in the late 18th century, this type of fiction was a branch of the larger Romantic movement that sought to stimulate strong emotions in the reader. The genre is so called because it tends to use medieval (中世纪的) architecture as its settings, reminding people of the terrifying dark time of the Middle Ages. Gothic fictions place heavy emphasis on atmosphere, building suspense and a sense of unease in the reader. Although the novel is often considered the best example of this genre, some poetry and short stories can also be characterized as Gothic, such as those written by the Graveyard Poets of late 18th century England and the short stories of Edgar Allen Poe. These works of literature have influenced Gothic writers ever since they were published. Gothic fiction often deals with past eras. In its early days, the genre took the medieval period as a major inspiration. Modern examples of this type of fiction have continued the tendency to look to past eras. They often use such settings as colonial (殖民时期的) America, Victorian England or the pre-Civil War southern United States. Those set in the present day might take place in a 19-century building, much in the way that early works commonly used medieval castles as their settings. Gothic novels were among the most popular fiction of the late 18th century. Famous examples include Horace Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto and Anne Radcliffe’s The Mysteries of Udolpho. Although it was less popular during the Victorian era, Gothic fiction was once again among the most-read literature of the late 20th century. The vampire, one of the favorite stock characters of this genre, appeared in several important works of this era, including Sheridan LeFanu’s Carmilla and Dracula. Writers such as William Faulkner, Harper Lee and Tennessee Williams applied the style to their treatment of the American South. But the influence of Gothic fiction can not only be noted in literature but also in film and music. For example, many of Alfred Hitchcock’s films, as well as the books on which they were based, could be considered Gothic. 43. According to the article, Gothic fiction came into existence ________. A. in the Middle Ages. B. in the early eighteenth century. C. in the era of Romantic movement. D. in the Victorian era and the 20th century. 44. Which of following statements about the Gothic genre is TRUE? A. The Gothic genre paved the way for modern horror genre. B. The Gothic genre overtook Romantic literary works. C. The Gothic writing style influenced the medieval architecture. D. Vampire was the most frequent character in Hitchcock’s film. 45. Which of the following can we infer from the passage? A. Edgar Allen Poe was a famous Gothic novelist. B. All Gothic novels are set in the medieval period. C. The Middle Ages was known for its terrifying darkness. D. Carmilla is a popular Gothic novel in the 18th century. 46. Which of the following is most likely to be taken from a Gothic novel? A. Philip woke early next morning. His sleep had been restless, but when he looked at the sunshine that slid through the blinds, making patterns on the floor, he sighed with satisfaction. B. Miss Manette had taken some refreshment on the road, and required none then, and was extremely anxious to see the gentleman from Tellson’s immediately. C. I fancied myself now like one of the ancient giants, which were said to live in caves, where none could come at them; for I persuaded myself while I was here, if five hundred savages were to hunt me, they could never find me out. D. In the silence of the night, how we tremble with fright at the melancholy threat of their tone! For every sound that floats, from the rust within their throats, is a groan. Section C Directions: Fill in each blank with the sentence that best fits the context from the six sentences marked A, B, C, D, E and F. Success Requires “Ample Doses of Pain” Jensen Huang, CEO of Nvidia, has a simple message for young people who want to achieve greatness: No pain, no gain. That was essentially his message for students at his alma mater (母校), Stanford University, where he made a speech at the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research. “Greatness is not intelligence. ____47____ And character isn’t formed out of smart people; it’s formed out of people who suffered,” Huang said in response to a question about how students can maximize their shot at being successful. ____48____ In 1993, he co-founded computer chip company Nvidia, where he’s served as CEO for more than three decades. The company’s success turned Huang into a billionaire. Now, with Nvidia’s chips in high demand for building AI software, it’s become one of the world’s most valuable companies with a valuation worth of $2 trillion. Yet the road to success was far from smooth, and Huang often had to make hard choices in the company’s early days. “One of my great advantages is that I have very low expectations,” Huang said, noting that most Stanford graduates have very high expectations as a result of having an elite education. Often people with very high expectations have very low resilience because they are not accustomed to, or prepared for, failure. “____49____ I don’t know how to teach it to you except for I hope suffering happens to you,” he said. Psychologists also tend to agree that resilient people are more likely to have the strength and confidence to handle challenges and bounce back from failure. Huang certainly had to struggle in his company’s early days. “To this day I use the phrase ‘pain and suffering’ inside our company with great joy,” Huang told the Stanford students. “____50____ You want greatness out of it.” A. Greatness comes from character. B. Unfortunately, resilience matters in success. C. Building character is a key factor in determining success. D. When it comes to achieving success, Huang knows more than most. E. That’s why I still worry Nvidia could ultimately fail, despite its massive success. F. I mean that in a happy way, because you want to shape the character of your company. IV. Summary Writing (10’) 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Motivating Your Adolescent to Perform Teenagers may lack the motivation a parent wants — to try harder, to achieve better, to care about doing well, to be more ambitious — but they definitely have the motivation to do what they want (like pleasure) and to avoid what they don’t (like work). So the key lies in how parents can motivate their kids properly. To apply extrinsic (外来的) motivation, parents usually start by believing in the power of persuasion — explaining, urging, and even pleading. Persuasion, aimed at appealing to adolescents to understand parents, sometimes works, and sometimes doesn’t. If the adolescent is unwilling to listen, this approach can be more annoying than encouraging since it makes them feel that their parents are always unsatisfied with them. Additionally, parents might try to increase extrinsic motivation by offering rewards for improved performance or using punishment if behavior doesn’t change. The risk here is that both rewards and punishment can be counterproductive. Rewards can be negative when seen as threats — meaning they won’t get the prize if they don’t improve. And punishment, such as criticism or anger, can make them upset and lead to even more rebellion. Actually, the best way to motivate adolescents is to trigger their intrinsic (内在的) motivation. That is, parents should make their kids willing to take charge of what matters to them and make decisions on their own. Parents cannot reward or punish an adolescent into becoming intrinsically motivated, but sometimes they can encourage self-motivation by creating a circumstance that stimulates self-interest. For example, after battling with teenagers over homework delay, parents had better take their kids to visit a university they like. There, with parents getting out of the way, their kids can talk directly to the university teachers to find out what grades they need to get in. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation (15’) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 毫无疑问，及时保护岛民的语言和传统对子孙后代至关重要。(conserve) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 53. 正是通过公众的共同努力，这片区域才被保留下来为自然保护区。（It）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 54. 第一次朋友拒绝帮忙时，她感到十分沮丧，但她牢记：自己越独立，就越快乐。（bear） ________________________________________________________________ 55. 无论灾后重建多么艰难，这些志愿者始终坚信：只有不遗余力地为幸存者提供庇护，才能给他们带去希望。（only+倒装）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ VI. Writing (25’) 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120 — 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.  学校英语报正在以“Small Acts, Big Difference”为主题征文。邀请同学们谈谈“普通人能否改变世界”的看法。你是否赞同这一观点？请你写一篇英语文章投稿，内容包括： （1）简述你的观点； （2）结合具体事例，阐述理由。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 上海市市西中学2026-2027学年高二上学期10月调研 英语试卷 2026.10 I. Listening Comprehension (25’) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. $10. B. $20. C. $30. D. $40. 2. A. At the toy store. B. At school. C. At the bicycle-repair shop. D. At the post office. 3. A. Stay inside. B. Find his umbrella. C. Look outside. D. Go out with an umbrella. 4. A. He did show her one of the signs. B. Sarah has to act in a play. C. Sarah already knows about the exhibit. D. He would play in the theatre. 5. A. Annoyed. B. Apologetic. C. Bored. D. Understanding. 6. A. She wants to go to class. B. She really wants to go to the movie. C. She prefers not to go to the movie. D. She thinks the man is too tired to go to the movie. 7. A. He gave the woman the wrong directions. B. He’s also looking for the dean’s office. C. His friend works in the dean’s office. D. He can’t give the woman directions. 8. A. Betty rarely borrows money. B. Betty rarely repays debts quickly. C. Betty has a lot of expenses lately. D. He’s never lent Betty any money. 9. A. This game level is rather easy. B. He owes the woman a favour. C. He doesn’t like playing video games. D. The woman should ask somebody else. 10. A. To monitor her improvement. B. To ensure her safety. C. To encourage her in words. D. To show her how to lift a weight. Section B Directions: In section B, you will hear several short passages and longer conversations, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and conversations. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. The damage to the speaker’s home. B. The damage to his neighbors’ houses. C. The deaths caused by the earthquake. D. The exact time when the earthquake happened. 12. A. They moved to the beautiful city of Kobe. B. They felt worried that terrible experience might happen again. C. They didn’t care since they had experienced many earthquakes. D. They had a financial problem in rebuilding their home. 13. A. Frightened and worried. B. Calm and indifferent. C. Confused and excited. D. Angry and hopeless. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. A dispute between Russia and the United States. B. A Russian rocket carries the first space tourist. C. An American millionaire supports the Russian space program. D. Putting a non-professional astronaut in space will end in tragedy. 15. A. He is taking a journey to the international space station. B. He was nervous as the rocket rose into the blue skies. C. He is a business partner of Russian space agency. D. He has planned this trip ever since 1986. 16. A. 9 minutes. B. 73 seconds. C. Two days. D. Six days. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Sit around. B. Baby sit. C. Earn some money. D. Clean the house. 18. A. They left their house empty. B. They paid Tom to live in their house. C. They asked a friend for help. D. They hired a baby-sitter. 19. A. Mow the lawn. B. Water the plants. C. Take care of the children. D. Feed the pets. 20. A. Filling a form. B. An interview with the homeowners. C. Three references. D. Relevant experience. II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20’) Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Work quietly until the results speak. What changes your life is rarely what you announce – it is what you keep doing when no one is watching. Not every plan needs to be announced. Much of meaningful growth happens during periods ____1____ almost nobody is paying attention. There are no impressive results yet, no applause, and sometimes not even certainty ____2____ the path will work. You simply keep doing the work. So “quiet” does not mean becoming secretive or refusing support. It means reclaiming your attention: explaining less, performing less, protecting unfinished work ____3____ premature judgment, and investing more energy in execution, feedback, and accumulation. Don’t announce a version of yourself that hasn’t been built yet. Most goals are especially fragile at the beginning, and the conviction behind the decision is still relatively thin. Yet this is often ____4____ we feel most tempted to announce everything. “I’m changing my life.” “This is what I’m going to do now.” “This year I’ll finally make it happen.” ____5____ (share) the plan brings encouragement and attention, and for a moment it can feel as if progress has already begun. The difficult part comes later: the twentieth repetition, the third month without visible results, the work nobody notices, and the days when excitement disappears but the task ____6____ (remain). These moments are less interesting to talk about, yet they are what determine whether the change survives. Some plans therefore deserve a private beginning. Not because they must remain secret forever, but because unfinished things sometimes need protection before they need ____7____ audience. Once unfinished work enters public view too early, a second set of metrics can take over: Who liked it? What do people think of this direction? Do my friends approve? Why did that person not react? Attention that ____8____ have gone toward solving the problem begins to manage other people’s impressions instead. ____9____ you even know whether the work is good, you are already worried about whether it looks good. Once you calibrate yourself against results, applause becomes ____10____ (necessary) for daily motivation. You can continue when nobody is watching and tolerate periods of low recognition because progress—not noise—is what you are tracking. 【答案】1. when 2. that 3. from 4. when 5. Sharing 6. remains 7. an 8. should 9. Before 10. unnecessary 【解析】 【导语】文章告诉我们要默默努力，不必过早对外宣告计划，沉下心踏实积累，用成果证明自己。 【1题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：许多有意义的成长都发生在几乎没人关注的阶段。空处引导定语从句，先行词periods表时间，定语从句中不缺主宾，用关系副词when引导从句，在从句中作时间状语。 【2题详解】 考查同位语从句。句意：还没有亮眼的成果，没有掌声，有时甚至无法确定这条路是否可行。certainty后面是同位语从句，解释说明certainty的内容，从句句意完整，用that引导。 【3题详解】 考查介词。句意：这意味着收回你的注意力：少解释、少表演，保护尚未完成的作品免受过早评判。固定搭配protect...from...，意为“保护……免受……”，填介词from。 【4题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：然而这往往正是我们最忍不住想要宣告一切的时候。空处引导表语从句，从句不缺主干成分，表达“……的时候”，填when。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：分享计划会带来鼓励和关注，一时间会让人感觉好像已经取得进展。本句谓语是brings，此处用动名词作句子主语，share变动名词Sharing，句首首字母大写。 【6题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：困难的部分在后面：第二十次重复、没有可见成果的第三个月、没人注意的工作，以及热情消退但任务依然存在的日子。and连接并列分句，时态为一般现在时，主语the task是单数，谓语动词用remains。 【7题详解】 考查冠词。句意：不是因为计划必须永远保密，而是未完成的事情有时先需要保护，之后才需要观众。audience为可数名词，此处表泛指，发音以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。 【8题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：本该用于解决问题的注意力，转而用来维护别人的印象。should have done为固定用法，表示“本应该做(实际没有做)”。 【9题详解】 考查连词。句意：在你甚至还不知道成果好不好之前，就已经开始担心它看起来好不好。空处引导时间状语从句，表示“在……之前”，填Before，句首首字母大写。 【10题详解】 考查形容词。句意：一旦你以成果为标准调整自己，掌声对于日常激励就不再是必需的。空处作表语，结合语境，应用necessary的反义词unnecessary，意为“不必要的”。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. comprised   B. bonds   C. suffers   D. checked   E. consists   F. unease G. anchored   H. contentment   I. treats   J. accounts   K. addicted Why overeating cannot deliver lasting joy Many people trapped in chronic stress resort to compulsive overeating. They become ____11____ to the rush of dopamine triggered by sugary and fatty foods, believing it can quiet their inner ____12____. The appeal is easy to understand: the snack offers a cheap and quick fix. This phenomenon, known as “the hedonic treadmill” (享乐适应) describes a biological mechanism by which the brain gradually adapts to pleasurable stimuli. Over time, it demands stronger and richer calorie-dense food just to attain the same emotional reward. This, in large part, ____13____ for why people keep eating more while feeling less contented. In other words, these vulnerable individuals get stuck in a vicious circle of cravings and guilt. While overeating may temporarily mask anxiety, it fails to nurture the deeper psychological fulfilment that authentic happiness is ____14____of. Research conducted across decades confirms that long-lasting ____15____ rarely stems from eating alone or instant pleasure; instead, it emerges from meaningful social ____16____, a sense of purpose and the capacity to enjoy subtle, everyday experiences. Those who rely on food to regulate their mood often discover that once the physical comfort fades, their original distress returns, now compounded by regret and poorer health. Psychologists do not dismiss simple pleasures entirely, but they warn that if we rely on food as an emotional crutch (拐杖), our ability to cultivate long-term well-being ____17____. After all, our willpower has a limited battery, and when we spend it on endless cravings, little is left for what truly matters. So what can we do? Instead of seeking short-lived bursts of delight via overeating, it is time we ____18____ our happiness in activities that are more accessible and more lasting: joining a community, engaging our curiosity and building a stable sense of self-worth. These moves are not about giving up ____19____ forever; they are about keeping the urge to overeat ____20____ and putting food back in its proper place. In this framework, happiness is not a sensation we consume, but a state of mind that we construct gradually through intentional choices. 【答案】11. K 12. F 13. J 14. A 15. H 16. B 17. C 18. G 19. I 20. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了暴饮暴食无法带来长久的快乐，解释享乐适应机制，说明依靠食物缓解情绪的弊端，并提出建立持久幸福感的可行方式。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他们会沉迷于高糖高脂食物带来的多巴胺冲击，相信这可以平息内心的不安。空处位于become后，应用形容词，结合上文Many people trapped in chronic stress resort to compulsive overeating可知，此处指沉迷于高糖食物带来的多巴胺冲击，addicted表示“上瘾的，沉迷的”，be addicted to为固定搭配，符合语境。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：他们会沉迷于高糖高脂食物带来的多巴胺冲击，相信这可以平息内心的不安。空处位于形容词inner后，应用名词，结合quiet可知，此处指平息内心的不安，unease表示“不安，忧虑”，符合句意。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：这在很大程度上解释了为什么人们吃得越来越多，满足感却越来越低。主语为This，谓语用第三人称单数形式，根据上文Over time, it demands stronger and richer calorie-dense food just to attain the same emotional reward可知，这种机制解释了人们吃得越多满足感却降低的现象，accounts与for搭配，account for表示“解释，说明”，符合语境。 【14题详解】 考查动词过去分词。句意：尽管暴饮暴食可以暂时掩盖焦虑，却无法滋养真正幸福所包含的更深层心理满足。根据上文deeper psychological fulfilment可知，此处指幸福所包含的更深层次的心理满足，be comprised of为固定短语，表示“由……构成，包含”，符合句意。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：数十年的研究证实，长久的满足感很少单单来自进食或者即时快感。空处位于long-lasting后，应用名词，根据下文a sense of purpose and the capacity to enjoy subtle, everyday experiences可知，此处指长久的满足感，contentment表示“满足，满意”，符合语境。 【16题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：相反，它来自有意义的社交纽带、目标感以及感受细微日常美好的能力。空处前有形容词social修饰，应用名词，bonds表示“纽带，联系”，social bonds为常用搭配，意为“社交纽带”。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：心理学家并非完全否定简单的愉悦，但他们警告，如果把食物当作情绪依靠，我们培养长期幸福感的能力就会受损。根据上文if we rely on food as an emotional crutch (拐杖)可知，如果把食物当情绪依靠，培养长期幸福感的能力会受损，主语为ability，谓语用第三人称单数形式，suffers表示“受损害，变差”，符合语境。 【18题详解】 考查动词过去式。句意：我们不该靠暴饮暴食寻找短暂的愉悦，而应该把幸福根植于更容易获得、更持久的活动之中。本句为it is time（that）从句，从句用一般过去时，根据下文 in activities that are more accessible and more lasting可知，此处指要把幸福植根于那些更容易获得、更持久的活动中，anchored表示“使扎根，使固定”，符合句意。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：这些做法并不是要永远放弃美食犒赏；而是控制暴饮暴食的冲动，让食物回归原本的位置。空处作giving up的宾语，结合上文Instead of seeking short-lived bursts of delight via overeating可知，此处指并非永远放弃没事，名词treats“美食，犒赏”，符合语境。 【20题详解】 考查动词过去分词。句意：这些做法并不是要永远放弃美食犒赏；而是控制暴饮暴食的冲动，让食物回归原本的位置。keep sth. done表示“使某事被……”，根据后文putting food back in its proper place可知，此处呼吁人们控制暴饮暴食的冲动，checked表示“抑制，控制”，符合句意。 III. Reading Comprehension (45’) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. What is the best way to catch someone who is telling a lie? For a long time, the traditional method of ____21____ liars was to watch their body language, including facial expressions. What if the person ____22____ to be nervous? Is the person unable to look me in the eye? Is he or she looking around the room? What about other nervous ____23____, such as fidgeting or shifting from side to side? Many people — from parents to police officers and airport security personnel — depend on this method. But does a person’s body and face ____24____ the truth? Not according to a new study. Can you catch a liar? Talking, it seems, is the best way to ____25____ out a liar. That is what researchers in the United Kingdom found out recently. Their ____26____ took place at one place where lying can get you into big trouble — an airport. The researchers asked volunteers to pretend they were real passengers and then lie to airport security agents. Some ____27____ conversation‑based methods to question these make‑believe passengers. Others depended instead on the person’s body language, like lack of eye contact and ____28____ signs of nervousness. The agents talking with the passengers were 20 times more likely to catch the liars. The study has found that these conversation‑based techniques can help you ____29____ when a person is lying to you. Like many methods, this conversation method has a name. It is called Controlled Cognitive Engagement or CCE, for short. The British government partly ____30____ this study. The American Psychological Association published the findings. Body language cannot be trusted. Using body language and facial expressions to catch someone in a lie is really hard. And it only works, ____31____, by chance. Thomas Ormerod is the head of the School of Psychology at the University of Sussex in England. On the APA website, he reported that the “suspicious‑signs method” — or using body language — “almost completely ____32____” in finding lies. In the conversational CCE method, security agents just talk with passengers. They ask about informal things as you would in a(n) ____33____ conversation. While talking, the agents might ask questions about topics that are apparently ____34____. Then the agent observes if the person becomes more ____35____. They also observe whether their way of speaking changes. 21. A. calculating B. hunting C. identifying D. describing 22. A. appears B. pretends C. decides D. attempts 23. A. movement B. disorder C. impression D. explanation 24. A. hide B. disclose C. acknowledge D. accept 25. A. work B. put C. come D. pick 26. A. system B. programme C. investigation D. process 27. A. improved B. adopted C. inquired D. recommended 28. A. carrying B. attaching C. avoiding D. displaying 29. A. catch B. recognize C. guess D. explain 30. A. motivated B. released C. financed D. reviewed 31. A. totally B. seemingly C. heavily D. especially 32. A. fails B. works C. succeeds D. disappears 33. A. normal B. similar C. essential D. familiar 34. A. related B. shared C. unimagined D. unrelated 35. A. unpredicted B. unprecedented C. unsolved D. uninformed 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. A 34. D 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了一项关于“如何识别说谎者”的科学研究。 【21题详解】 考查动词。句意：很长一段时间以来，识别说谎者的传统方法是观察他们的肢体语言，包括面部表情。A. calculating计算；B. hunting狩猎；C. identifying识别；D. describing描述。根据下文的“watch their body language, including facial expressions”可知，这里指“识别”说谎者的方法。 【22题详解】 考查动词。句意：如果这个人看起来很紧张呢？A. appears看起来；B. pretends假装；C. decides决定；D. attempts尝试。根据下文“Is the person unable to look me in the eye? Is he or she looking around the room?”可知，这些都是从外表上观察到的表现，所以这里指这个人“看起来”很紧张。 【23题详解】 考查名词。句意：其他的紧张动作呢，比如坐立不安或左右摇晃？A. movement动作；B. disorder紊乱；C. impression印象；D. explanation解释。根据下文“such as fidgeting or shifting from side to side”可知，这里指紧张的“动作”。 【24题详解】 考查动词。句意：但是一个人的身体和面部会透露真相吗？A. hide隐藏；B. disclose透露；C. acknowledge承认；D. accept接受。根据上文的“a person’s body and face”和下文的“the truth”并结合下文的实验可知，这里指“透露”真相。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：说话似乎是识破说谎者的最佳方式。A. work (out)解决；B. put (out)扑灭；C. come (out)出现；D. pick (out)识破。根据上文的“Talking”和下文的“a liar”并结合倒数第二段“ Using body language and facial expressions to catch someone in a lie is really hard.”可知，此处指通过谈话来把说谎者“辨认出来”。 【26题详解】 考查名词。句意：他们的调查是在一个说谎会让你陷入大麻烦的地方——机场进行的。A. system系统；B. programme项目；C. investigation调查；D. process过程。根据上文“That is what researchers in the United Kingdom found out recently.”可知，他们进行了“调查”。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：一些人采用基于对话的方法来询问这些假扮的乘客。A. improved改进；B. adopted采用；C. inquired询问；D. recommended推荐。根据后文“Others depended instead on the person's body language”可知，前后对比两种方法，此处指“采用”了谈话法。 【28题详解】 考查动词。句意：其他人则依赖于人的肢体语言，比如缺乏眼神交流和表现出紧张的迹象。 A. carrying携带；B. attaching附加；C. avoiding避免；D. displaying表现出。根据上文的“lack of eye contact”可知，此处指“表现出”紧张的迹象。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：研究发现，这些基于对话的技巧可以帮助你识别别人什么时候在对你撒谎。A. catch抓住；B. recognize识别；C. guess猜测；D. explain解释。根据前文“Talking, it seems, is the best way to ____ out a liar.”以及全文主题可知，此处强调通过谈话技巧“识别”谎言。 【30题详解】 考查动词。句意：英国政府为这项研究提供了部分资金。A. motivated激发；B. released发布；C. financed资助；D. reviewed审查。根据上文的“That is what researchers in the United Kingdom found out recently.”和下文的“The American Psychological Association published the findings.”可知，此处说明研究的资金来源。 【31题详解】 考查副词。句意：而且它似乎只是偶然奏效。A. totally完全地；B. seemingly似乎；C. heavily严重地；D. especially特别地。根据上文“Using body language and facial expressions to catch someone in a lie is really hard.”可知，用肢体语言抓谎言只是碰巧有效。 【32题详解】 考查动词。句意：在APA网站上，他报告说，“可疑迹象法”——或者说使用肢体语言——在发现谎言方面“几乎完全失败”。A. fails失败；B. works起作用；C. succeeds成功；D. disappears消失。根据上文的“Using body language and facial expressions to catch someone in a lie is really hard.”可知，这种方法几乎完全“失败”。 【33题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他们会像在正常对话中一样询问一些非正式的事情。A. normal正常的；B. similar相似的；C. essential必要的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据前文“informal things”可知，安检人员以轻松自然的方式提问，让对话看起来像日常正常交流。 【34题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在谈话过程中，安检人员可能会询问一些显然不相关的话题。A. related相关的；B. shared共享的；C. unimagined无法想象的；D. unrelated不相关的。根据CCE方法的策略可知，安检人员故意问看似不相关的话题来观察对方反应。 【35题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然后安检人员观察这个人是否变得更加不可预测。A. unpredicted未被预料到的；B. unprecedented前所未有的；C. unsolved未解决的；D. uninformed不知情的。根据后文“They also observe whether their way of speaking changes.”可知，安检人员关注的是对方在回答不相关问题时是否出现异常、不可预测的反应。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) I was sitting in my high school classroom, nervously tapping my pencil against the desk as I awaited the start of the English exam. As the clock struck, signaling the beginning of the exam, my heart began to race. I opened the exam booklet and scanned the questions, and I felt a wave of panic over me. The questions seemed foreign, and the topics unfamiliar. In a state of panic, I hurriedly wrote down my answers, hoping that somehow, by some stroke of luck, they would be correct. But as the minutes went by, I realized I couldn’t seem to make sense of the questions before me. As the final bell rang, I handed in my paper with a heavy heart. In the days that followed, I couldn’t shake the feeling of failure that hung over me like a dark cloud. I replayed the exam over and over in my mind, analyzing every question, every answer, searching for clues as to where I had gone wrong. But in the depression, a realization began to dawn on me — I had failed, yes, but I had also learned valuable lessons along the way. Armed with this newfound wisdom, I ensured that I would do better next time. I threw myself into my studies with renewed determination, devouring books and practicing past exams with an eagerness I had never known before. When the time came to retake the exam, I was ready. I approached each question with confidence and clarity, drawing upon the lessons I had learned from my previous missteps. When the results were announced, I held my breath as I scanned the list of names. And there it was — my name, shining brightly among the list of successful candidates. At that moment, all the hard work, all the late nights and early mornings, were worth it. And as I look back on that sunny afternoon in the high school classroom, I am grateful for the lessons it taught me, and the person it helped me become. 36. Why did the author panic when he first took the exam? A. He sat with a pounding heart. B. He found the questions too difficult. C. He was not familiar with the foreign language. D. He was in a hurry when answering the questions. 37. What did the author do after he failed in the exam? A. He attended valuable lessons in school. B. He retook the exam over and over again. C. He promised to arm himself with eagerness. D. He determined to engage himself in learning. 38. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “devouring” (paragraph 4)? A. being targeted at B. being obliged for C. being absorbed in D. being credited to 39. According to the passage, this experience helped the author become _____. A. cheerful and considerate B. objective and demanding C. tough and persevering D. proud and tolerant 【答案】36. B 37. D 38. C 39. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者从一次考试失败的经历中变得坚韧不拔的故事。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第二段中“I opened the exam booklet and scanned the questions, and I felt a wave of panic over me. The questions seemed foreign, and the topics unfamiliar. (我打开考试手册，浏览了一下问题，我感到一阵恐慌。这些问题似乎很陌生，话题也很陌生。)”可知，他觉得这些问题太难了，所以参加考试时惊慌失措。故选B。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第四段中“I threw myself into my studies with renewed determination, devouring books and practicing past exams with an eagerness I had never known before. (我以全新的决心投入到学习中，如饥似渴地啃书本，以前所未有的热情复习过去的考试。)”可知，作者考试不及格后决心专心学习。故选D。 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。由文章第四段中“I threw myself into my studies with renewed determination (我以全新的决心投入到学习中)”可知，作者以全新的决心投入到学习中，全神贯注于书本，以前所未有的热情复习过去的考试。划线词的含义为“全神贯注于”。A. being targeted at针对；B. being obliged for因某事而感谢；C. being absorbed in全神贯注于；D. being credited to归功于。故选C。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第四段“But in the depression, a realization began to dawn on me — I had failed, yes, but I had also learned valuable lessons along the way. Armed with this newfound wisdom, I ensured that I would do better next time. I threw myself into my studies with renewed determination, devouring books and practicing past exams with an eagerness I had never known before. (但在沮丧中，我开始意识到——我失败了，是的，但我也在这条路上学到了宝贵的教训。有了这个新发现的智慧，我保证下次我会做得更好。我以全新的决心投入到学习中，如饥似渴地啃书本，以前所未有的热情复习过去的考试。)”和第六段中“At that moment, all the hard work, all the late nights and early mornings, were worth it. (在那一刻，所有的努力工作，所有的熬夜和早起，都是值得的。)”可知，这段经历帮助作者成为坚韧而坚持不懈的人。故选C。 (B) How We Get Vitamin D Vitamin D helps our bodies absorb calcium for stronger bones. We get it from two slightly different molecules (分子). One is D3, made when sunlight hits our skin cells. The other is D2, which comes from fungi and yeast. Some foods may be fortified (强化) with D2. To become active, both molecules go through several conversions in the body. SUNSHINE AND SKIN People, like plants, transform solar energy into essential molecules. When UVB rays enter certain skin cells, compounds from those cells are transformed into D3. FOOD AND SUPPLEMENTS Very few foods naturally contain high amounts of vitamin D. Fatty fish such as salmon and tuna do, as does cod liver oil. Supplements can contain a mix of D3 and D2 forms; the D3 compound is commonly derived from irradiated sheep’s wool grease, which is also the source of the vitamin D in fortified milk. 40. How many kinds of molecule related to the whole process of Vitamin D absorption are mentioned in this passage? A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four 41. Xiao Ming is found to suffer from rickets, which is caused by low level of Vitamin D. Which of the following ways can help him? A. Having more plants in the house. B. Applying wool grease to the skin. C. Eliminating fatty fish from the diet. D. Turning to drinking fortified milk. 42. According to the passage, which of the following statement is TRUE? A. D2 and D3 are converted into 25D in the liver. B. D2 is made when UVB rays enter certain skin cells. C. All kinds of vitamin D can only be stored for several days in the body. D. The 25D molecules function as “on” switches for genes. 【答案】40. D 41. D 42. A 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了维生素D，包括来自阳光的D3和来自真菌的D2，有助于钙的吸收。它也可以通过食用富含脂肪的鱼类、鳕鱼肝油、补充剂以及强化牛奶获得，但需要经过人体转化才能发挥作用。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“We get it from two slightly different molecules (分子). One is D3, made when sunlight hits our skin cells. The other is D2, which comes from fungi and yeast.( 我们通过两种略有不同的分子来获取它：一种是D3，由阳光照射皮肤细胞时生成；另一种是D2，来源于真菌和酵母。)”以及图片中的内容“In the kidneys, some 25D is changed into the biologically active form of the vitamin, 1,25D. That compound returns to the blood, circulating throughout the body.(在肾脏中，一些25D会转化为维生素的生物活性形式1,25D。该化合物随后返回血液，循环于全身。)”可知，全文围绕维生素 D的摄取、转化、活化全过程展开，共提到4种相关分子。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据方框中的信息“Fatty fish such as salmon and tuna do, as does cod liver oil. Supplements can contain a mix of D3 and D2 forms; the D3 compound is commonly derived from irradiated sheep’s wool grease, which is also the source of the vitamin D in fortified milk.( 例如三文鱼、金枪鱼等脂肪鱼类，以及鳕鱼肝油都含有丰富的维生素D。补充剂中可能同时含有D3和D2两种形式，其中D3通常来自辐照过的羊毛脂，这也是强化牛奶中维生素D的来源。)”可知，佝偻病由维生素D缺乏导致，需要补充维生素D。原文明确说明强化牛奶中添加了维生素D，饮用强化牛奶可以有效补充，改善维生素D水平。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据图片中的内容“Vitamin D binding protein transports D2 and D3 through the blood.( 维生素D结合蛋白通过血液运输D2和D3。)”以及“Once in the body, some vitamin D can be stored for weeks or months, primarily in fat cells and the liver.( 一旦进入体内，部分维生素D可以储存数周甚至数月，主要储存在脂肪细胞和肝脏中。)”结合图文信息，D2 和 D3 经维生素 D 结合蛋白运输至肝脏，在肝脏中完成第一步转化，生成 25D，该表述符合代谢过程。 (C) Gothic fiction is a genre of literature featuring the elements of fear, horror, and the supernatural. There are often characters such as vampire (吸血鬼) and evil spirits. Common subject matter includes family curses (诅咒), mystery and madness. Gothic fiction is the forerunner of the modern horror genre, although the original genre has continued to have a faithful following. Originating in the late 18th century, this type of fiction was a branch of the larger Romantic movement that sought to stimulate strong emotions in the reader. The genre is so called because it tends to use medieval (中世纪的) architecture as its settings, reminding people of the terrifying dark time of the Middle Ages. Gothic fictions place heavy emphasis on atmosphere, building suspense and a sense of unease in the reader. Although the novel is often considered the best example of this genre, some poetry and short stories can also be characterized as Gothic, such as those written by the Graveyard Poets of late 18th century England and the short stories of Edgar Allen Poe. These works of literature have influenced Gothic writers ever since they were published. Gothic fiction often deals with past eras. In its early days, the genre took the medieval period as a major inspiration. Modern examples of this type of fiction have continued the tendency to look to past eras. They often use such settings as colonial (殖民时期的) America, Victorian England or the pre-Civil War southern United States. Those set in the present day might take place in a 19-century building, much in the way that early works commonly used medieval castles as their settings. Gothic novels were among the most popular fiction of the late 18th century. Famous examples include Horace Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto and Anne Radcliffe’s The Mysteries of Udolpho. Although it was less popular during the Victorian era, Gothic fiction was once again among the most-read literature of the late 20th century. The vampire, one of the favorite stock characters of this genre, appeared in several important works of this era, including Sheridan LeFanu’s Carmilla and Dracula. Writers such as William Faulkner, Harper Lee and Tennessee Williams applied the style to their treatment of the American South. But the influence of Gothic fiction can not only be noted in literature but also in film and music. For example, many of Alfred Hitchcock’s films, as well as the books on which they were based, could be considered Gothic. 43. According to the article, Gothic fiction came into existence ________. A. in the Middle Ages. B. in the early eighteenth century. C. in the era of Romantic movement. D. in the Victorian era and the 20th century. 44. Which of following statements about the Gothic genre is TRUE? A. The Gothic genre paved the way for modern horror genre. B. The Gothic genre overtook Romantic literary works. C. The Gothic writing style influenced the medieval architecture. D. Vampire was the most frequent character in Hitchcock’s film. 45. Which of the following can we infer from the passage? A. Edgar Allen Poe was a famous Gothic novelist. B. All Gothic novels are set in the medieval period. C. The Middle Ages was known for its terrifying darkness. D. Carmilla is a popular Gothic novel in the 18th century. 46. Which of the following is most likely to be taken from a Gothic novel? A. Philip woke early next morning. His sleep had been restless, but when he looked at the sunshine that slid through the blinds, making patterns on the floor, he sighed with satisfaction. B. Miss Manette had taken some refreshment on the road, and required none then, and was extremely anxious to see the gentleman from Tellson’s immediately. C. I fancied myself now like one of the ancient giants, which were said to live in caves, where none could come at them; for I persuaded myself while I was here, if five hundred savages were to hunt me, they could never find me out. D. In the silence of the night, how we tremble with fright at the melancholy threat of their tone! For every sound that floats, from the rust within their throats, is a groan. 【答案】43. C 44. A 45. C 46. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了哥特式小说的文学特点、起源、题材风格、时代发展以及其在文学、影视、音乐领域的深远影响。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Originating in the late 18th century, this type of fiction was a branch of the larger Romantic movement that sought to stimulate strong emotions in the reader.(哥特式小说起源于18世纪晚期，是浪漫主义文学运动的一个分支)”可知，哥特式小说诞生于浪漫主义运动时期。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Gothic fiction is the forerunner of the modern horror genre(哥特式小说是现代恐怖文学的先驱)”可知，哥特式小说为现代恐怖题材奠定了基础、铺平了道路，A表述正确。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“The genre is so called because it tends to use medieval architecture as its settings, reminding people of the terrifying dark time of the Middle Age.(这类小说常以中世纪建筑为场景，让人联想到中世纪黑暗恐怖的时代)”可推断，中世纪以黑暗、恐怖著称。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章首句“Gothic fiction is a genre of literature featuring the elements of fear, horror, and the supernatural.(哥特式小说以恐惧、惊悚、超自然元素为主要特征)”可知，哥特式小说氛围阴森、压抑、恐怖。D选项描写深夜的恐惧、低沉的呻吟，充满惊悚阴郁的氛围，符合哥特式小说特点。 Section C Directions: Fill in each blank with the sentence that best fits the context from the six sentences marked A, B, C, D, E and F. Success Requires “Ample Doses of Pain” Jensen Huang, CEO of Nvidia, has a simple message for young people who want to achieve greatness: No pain, no gain. That was essentially his message for students at his alma mater (母校), Stanford University, where he made a speech at the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research. “Greatness is not intelligence. ____47____ And character isn’t formed out of smart people; it’s formed out of people who suffered,” Huang said in response to a question about how students can maximize their shot at being successful. ____48____ In 1993, he co-founded computer chip company Nvidia, where he’s served as CEO for more than three decades. The company’s success turned Huang into a billionaire. Now, with Nvidia’s chips in high demand for building AI software, it’s become one of the world’s most valuable companies with a valuation worth of $2 trillion. Yet the road to success was far from smooth, and Huang often had to make hard choices in the company’s early days. “One of my great advantages is that I have very low expectations,” Huang said, noting that most Stanford graduates have very high expectations as a result of having an elite education. Often people with very high expectations have very low resilience because they are not accustomed to, or prepared for, failure. “____49____ I don’t know how to teach it to you except for I hope suffering happens to you,” he said. Psychologists also tend to agree that resilient people are more likely to have the strength and confidence to handle challenges and bounce back from failure. Huang certainly had to struggle in his company’s early days. “To this day I use the phrase ‘pain and suffering’ inside our company with great joy,” Huang told the Stanford students. “____50____ You want greatness out of it.” A. Greatness comes from character. B. Unfortunately, resilience matters in success. C. Building character is a key factor in determining success. D. When it comes to achieving success, Huang knows more than most. E. That’s why I still worry Nvidia could ultimately fail, despite its massive success. F. I mean that in a happy way, because you want to shape the character of your company. 【答案】47. A 48. D 49. B 50. F 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍英伟达CEO黄仁勋在斯坦福大学的演讲，阐述磨难塑造品格、成就伟大的观点。 【47题详解】 根据空前的“Greatness is not intelligence.(伟大并非源于聪慧。)”以及空后的“And character isn’t formed out of smart people; it’s formed out of people who suffered.(品格不是聪明人造就的，而是历经磨难的人造就的。)”可知，前文否定伟大来自聪慧，后文围绕品格展开论述，空格处需要引出品格和伟大之间的关系。A选项“Greatness comes from character.(伟大源于品格。)”承接上文，同时引出下文关于品格的内容，前后语义连贯。 【48题详解】 根据空后的“In 1993, he co-founded computer chip company Nvidia, where he’s served as CEO for more than three decades. The company’s success turned Huang into a billionaire.(1993年，他联合创立芯片公司英伟达，担任首席执行官三十余年，公司的成功让他成为亿万富翁。)”可知，后文开始介绍黄仁勋自身的创业经历，用他的经历作为论据支撑观点，空格处起到总起过渡的作用，引出下文对他的介绍。D选项“When it comes to achieving success, Huang knows more than most.(谈及取得成功，黄仁勋比大多数人都深有体会。)”总领本段，自然引出他的创业故事。 【49题详解】 根据空前的“Often people with very high expectations have very low resilience because they are not accustomed to, or prepared for, failure.(往往期待很高的人抗挫力很低，因为他们不习惯、也没有准备好面对失败。)”以及空后的“I don’t know how to teach it to you except for I hope suffering happens to you.(除了希望磨难降临在你们身上，我不知道该如何教会你们它。)”可知，前文提到高期待人群缺少抗挫力，后文的it指代空格处内容，同时心理学家也认可抗挫力对应对挑战很重要。B选项“Unfortunately, resilience matters in success.(遗憾的是，抗挫力对成功至关重要。)”中的resilience对应上下文关键词，it指代resilience，逻辑通顺。 【50题详解】 根据空前的“To this day I use the phrase ‘pain and suffering’ inside our company with great joy.(直到今天，我还乐于在公司内部使用‘痛苦与磨难’这个说法。)”以及空后的“You want greatness out of it.(你要从中收获伟大。)”可知，前文说他开心地提起磨难，后文说明磨难带来的收获，空格处解释自己愉快提及磨难的原因。F选项“I mean that in a happy way, because you want to shape the character of your company.(我这么说是积极的意思，因为你想要塑造公司的品格。)”承接上文with great joy，解释缘由。 IV. Summary Writing (10’) 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Motivating Your Adolescent to Perform Teenagers may lack the motivation a parent wants — to try harder, to achieve better, to care about doing well, to be more ambitious — but they definitely have the motivation to do what they want (like pleasure) and to avoid what they don’t (like work). So the key lies in how parents can motivate their kids properly. To apply extrinsic (外来的) motivation, parents usually start by believing in the power of persuasion — explaining, urging, and even pleading. Persuasion, aimed at appealing to adolescents to understand parents, sometimes works, and sometimes doesn’t. If the adolescent is unwilling to listen, this approach can be more annoying than encouraging since it makes them feel that their parents are always unsatisfied with them. Additionally, parents might try to increase extrinsic motivation by offering rewards for improved performance or using punishment if behavior doesn’t change. The risk here is that both rewards and punishment can be counterproductive. Rewards can be negative when seen as threats — meaning they won’t get the prize if they don’t improve. And punishment, such as criticism or anger, can make them upset and lead to even more rebellion. Actually, the best way to motivate adolescents is to trigger their intrinsic (内在的) motivation. That is, parents should make their kids willing to take charge of what matters to them and make decisions on their own. Parents cannot reward or punish an adolescent into becoming intrinsically motivated, but sometimes they can encourage self-motivation by creating a circumstance that stimulates self-interest. For example, after battling with teenagers over homework delay, parents had better take their kids to visit a university they like. There, with parents getting out of the way, their kids can talk directly to the university teachers to find out what grades they need to get in. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Parents can motivate teens properly. Extrinsic motivation, which comes from persuasion or rewards and punishment, may backfire. The best way is to arouse teens’ intrinsic motivation by creating suitable situations for them to build their self-motivation actively. 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍的是父母可以采用外在激励方式激励青少年，但劝说、奖惩可能适得其反，最好的办法是激发青少年的内在动力，创设环境促使他们主动自我激励。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 Teenagers may lack the motivation a parent wants — to try harder, to achieve better, to care about doing well, to be more ambitious — but they definitely have the motivation to do what they want (like pleasure) and to avoid what they don’t (like work). So the key lies in how parents can motivate their kids properly. ②To apply extrinsic (外来的) motivation, parents usually start by believing in the power of persuasion — explaining, urging, and even pleading. ③If the adolescent is unwilling to listen, this approach can be more annoying than encouraging since it makes them feel that their parents are always unsatisfied with them. ④Additionally, parents might try to increase extrinsic motivation by offering rewards for improved performance or using punishment if behavior doesn’t change. The risk here is that both rewards and punishment can be counterproductive. ⑤Actually, the best way to motivate adolescents is to trigger their intrinsic (内在的) motivation. ⑥Parents cannot reward or punish an adolescent into becoming intrinsically motivated, but sometimes they can encourage self-motivation by creating a circumstance that stimulates self-interest. 2. 缜密构思 将第①点作为总起句，将第②、③、④点整合为外在激励的两种形式及其弊端，将第⑤、⑥点整合为激发内在动力是最优方式以及实现途径。 3. 遣词造句 Parents can motivate teens properly. Extrinsic motivation, which comes from persuasion or rewards and punishment, may backfire. The best way is to arouse teens’ intrinsic motivation by creating suitable situations for them to build their self-motivation actively. 【点睛】[高分句型 1] Extrinsic motivation, which comes from persuasion or rewards and punishment, may backfire.(使用which引导非限制性定语从句) [高分句型 2] The best way is to arouse teens’ intrinsic motivation by creating suitable situations for them to build their self-motivation actively.(使用不定式作表语和动名词作宾语) V. Translation (15’) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 毫无疑问，及时保护岛民的语言和传统对子孙后代至关重要。(conserve) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Without doubt, it is vital to conserve islanders’ languages and traditions in time for future generations. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意，该句描述的是客观事实或普遍道理，全句使用一般现在时；表示“毫无疑问”使用固定短语without doubt，置于句首单词首字母需大写；表示“……至关重要”使用it作形式主语的句式，即it is vital，其中vital意为“至关重要的”；表示“及时保护岛民的语言和传统”为真正的主语，使用动词不定式to conserve islanders’ languages and traditions in time，其中conserve意为“保护、保存”，in time意为“及时”；表示“对子孙后代”为目的状语，使用介词短语for future generations。 53. 正是通过公众的共同努力，这片区域才被保留下来为自然保护区。（It）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is through the joint efforts of the public that this area has been preserved as a nature reserve. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意，该句描述的是已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响，使用现在完成时；表示“正是通过公众的共同努力”使用强调句型“it is...that...”，其中被强调部分为方式状语through the joint efforts of the public；主语“这片区域”为this area；表示“被保留下来”使用被动语态，翻译为has been preserved，表示“作为自然保护区”为as a nature reserve。 54. 第一次朋友拒绝帮忙时，她感到十分沮丧，但她牢记：自己越独立，就越快乐。（bear） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】She felt quite upset the first time her friend refused to help, but she bears in mind that the more independent she is, the happier she will be. 【解析】 【详解】“第一次朋友拒绝帮忙时，她感到十分沮丧”为第一个分句，描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时；表示“第一次朋友拒绝帮忙时”使用the first time引导时间状语从句，即the first time her friend refused to help；表示“她感到十分沮丧”译为she felt quite upset；“她牢记：自己越独立，就越快乐”为第二个分句，该句陈述描述当前牢记的道理，用一般现在时，，表示“牢记”用bear in mind，主语为she，故动词使用第三人称单数bears；表示“自己越独立，就越快乐”为宾语从句，使用“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，即the more independent she is, the happier she will be。两个分句是转折关系，用but连接。 55. 无论灾后重建多么艰难，这些志愿者始终坚信：只有不遗余力地为幸存者提供庇护，才能给他们带去希望。（only+倒装）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】However tough the post-disaster reconstruction is, these volunteers firmly believe that only by sparing no effort to provide shelter for survivors can they bring hope to them. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意，该句描述的是当前的状态和信念，主句使用一般现在时；表示“无论灾后重建多么艰难”使用however引导的让步状语从句，即however tough the post-disaster reconstruction is；表示“这些志愿者始终坚信”为主句，译为these volunteers firmly believe；表示“只有不遗余力地为幸存者提供庇护，才能给他们带去希望”为宾语从句，其中“只有……”使用only+状语结构置于从句句首，引起部分倒装，即only by sparing no effort to provide shelter for survivors can they bring hope to them，其中spare no effort to do sth.意为“不遗余力做某事”，provide shelter for意为“为……提供庇护”，情态动词can置于主语之前构成部分倒装。 VI. Writing (25’) 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120 — 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.  学校英语报正在以“Small Acts, Big Difference”为主题征文。邀请同学们谈谈“普通人能否改变世界”的看法。你是否赞同这一观点？请你写一篇英语文章投稿，内容包括： （1）简述你的观点； （2）结合具体事例，阐述理由。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Small Acts, Big Difference I firmly believe that ordinary people can make a big difference through small acts. History has shown us time and again that great changes often begin with simple, everyday kindness. Take the story of a young boy who started picking up litter in his neighborhood as an example. What began as a weekend hobby soon inspired his classmates to join him. Within a year, their small community became one of the cleanest in the city, and the local government even launched a city-wide cleanup campaign. This proves that one person’s action can create a ripple effect. In conclusion, we don’t need to be superheroes to change the world. As long as we keep doing small good deeds, we can collectively make our planet a better place. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生给学校英语报投稿，围绕主题Small Acts, Big Difference，发表普通人能否改变世界的看法并结合事例说明理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 激励：inspire → motivate 证实：prove → turn out 影响：effect → influence 共同地：collectively → jointly 2. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：I firmly believe that ordinary people can make a big difference through small acts. 拓展句：I hold the firm belief that ordinary people can make a big difference through small acts. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】What began as a weekend hobby soon inspired his classmates to join him.(运用了what引导主语从句) 【高分句型 2】As long as we keep doing small good deeds, we can collectively make our planet a better place.(运用了as long as引导条件状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $