学考专题15 语篇还原（阅读填空）：知识盘点+核心精讲+进阶训练（讲义，全国通用）2027年高中英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题15 语篇还原（阅读填空） 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 研|核心专题精讲 考点一 段首题（总结；小标题） 考点二 段中题（衔接；逻辑关系） 考点三 段尾题（总结；逻辑关系） 练|巩固提升训练 本模块依据《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2025年修订）》对本专题在学考中的要求进行梳理，并结合近年全国各地学业水平考试命题实践作出趋势判断。 语篇还原题的考查内容是语篇的宏观组织结构——即课标表7 语篇知识中反复强调的“段与段的关系以及语篇各部分与语篇主题之间的关系”，以及表10 语言技能内容要求·必修·理解性技能中的第 11 条“识别书面语篇中常见的指代和衔接关系”、第 12 条“根据书面语篇的标题、图片、图表和关键词等信息，推断语篇的主题和内容”、第 13 条“分析书面语篇段落间和上下文间的逻辑关系，评价作者的写作策略和技巧”、第 15 条“根据语篇事实或语言表达，推断、评价说话人或作者的行为、观点、意图和态度”。这些条目全部属于必修，不带星号——语篇还原考的是必修范围内的核心能力。 课标条目 内容要求原文（节选） 对应还原题能力 学考要求 表10 理解性技能第 11 条 识别书面语篇中常见的指代和衔接关系 代词指代、连接词衔接 （段中题的核心） 熟练掌握 表10 理解性技能第 12 条 根据书面语篇的标题、图片、图表和关键词等信息，推断语篇的主题和内容 小标题的概括与匹配 （小标题式的核心） 熟练掌握 表10 理解性技能第 13 条 分析书面语篇段落间和上下文间的逻辑关系，评价作者的写作策略和技巧 逻辑关系判断 （段首／段中／段尾题的核心） 熟练掌握 表10 理解性技能第 15 条 根据语篇事实或语言表达，推断、评价说话人或作者的行为、观点、意图和态度 话题一致与全局校验 熟练掌握 表10 理解性技能第 6 条 概括书面语篇中的主要信息、观点及其支撑论据 段落大意概括 熟练掌握 表7 语篇知识必修第 5 条 语篇中的显性衔接和连贯手段，如通过使用代词、连接词、省略句、替代等手段来实现的指代、连接、省略、替代等衔接关系 七种衔接信号 熟练掌握 表7 语篇知识必修第 6 条 语篇的段首句、主题句、过渡句的作用、位置及行文特征 空位类型的判断依据 （段首／段中／段尾） 熟练掌握 1.2 学考与高考的考查差异 比较维度 学业水平考试（学考） 高考 题量与选项 3 空 4 选（湖南、云南等卷）至 5 空 5 选（福建卷）；四选三、五选五两种形态出现在学考真题 5 空 7 选（全国卷） 文本长度 200—300 词，结构清晰 300—400 词，层层推进 选项长度 多为短句或短语，信息量适中（8—20 词） 偏长句，一处可含两个信息点 设空位置 段首、段中、段尾三类齐全，小标题式与句子式混合出现（如福建卷） 以段中句为主，小标题式单独成型 干扰项设计 多见话题偏离与同义词面陷阱（湖南卷第 15 空最典型） 更多同义改写与深层逻辑错配，且“选错一空导致连错两空”的牵制效应更强 文体 以说明文为主，话题贴近学生生活（记忆健康、各国午餐、阅读与口语、登山） 说明文为主，议论文比例更高（浙江卷六选五基本不考记叙文） 得分目标 “把该对的空全对”——流程对就能拿满分 “在强干扰中突围”——需要长期语篇训练 易错提醒：学考做还原题的三个致命习惯 习惯一：先读文章再读选项。 这是最贵的一个习惯。 七选五的选项里已经明示了大量线索（连接词、代词、话题词），先读选项，读文章时才能“带着钩子去找”；反过来先读文章，读选项时又要重读一遍文章，时间直接翻倍。 习惯二：不判断空位类型就往下做。 段首题要往后看，段尾题要往前看，段中题才两头看——方向错了，越读越乱。正确做法是在草稿上给每个空标上“首／中／尾”，这一步只要 1 分钟，却能省下后面大量冤枉时间。 习惯三：填完不看。 七选五的选项互相牵制——一空错，往往连错两空。 做完必须把答案填回文章通读一遍，这是唯一能发现连锁错误的方法。同时回头看多余项——如果某个多余项读起来明显比已填的更合适，说明前面填错了。 1.3 2027命题趋势观察与备考策略 语篇还原进入学考试卷，是一件需要教师特别关注的事。它意味着这一题型正在从“个别省份的尝试”变成“全国通用配置的一部分”。下表把趋势、表现与备考动作并列。 趋势 表现 趋势一：语篇还原已进入多省学考试卷 全国学考真题中，2025 湖南卷设“添加小标题”题（3 空 4 选）、2025 年 6 月福建卷设段落还原（5 空 5 选），云南、陕西、大连、贵州等卷亦设同类“添加小标题”题。这已不是个别现象。 趋势二：题量形态呈现“四选三—五选五”两档 湖南卷 3 空 4 选（1 多余）、福建卷为 5 空 5 选（无多余项）；“多余项”与“无多余项”两种机制均已出现 趋势三：小标题式与句子式混合成为常态 2025 福建卷一题之内，既有小标题空（第 14 空）、又有段首句、段中句、段尾句——学生必须同时处理“分项标题”与“段中衔接” 备考策略四条 ● 第一条：把“读选项”放在“读文章”之前。 这是七选五独有的优势，不用就浪费了。读选项时在每个选项旁标出信号词类型（But／Therefore／代词／小标题），读文章时带着钩子去找。 ● 第二条：先判空位类型，再决定看哪边。 段首题往后看，段尾题往前看，段中题两头看——在草稿上标“首／中／尾”，这一步 1 分钟，能省半小时。 ● 第三条：每次只练一种信号。 第一周只练复现词，第二周只练连接词，第三周才综合。一次找齐七个信号，学生会自己把自己绕晕。 ● 第四条：多余项必须“复盘”，不能只划掉。 每做完一篇，把多余项抄下来，写一句“它为什么不属于这里”。这一句话，比做对十道题更有价值——因为它训练的是排除能力，而排除能力正是这一题型真正拉开差距的地方。 2.1 题型谱系：基于三年学考真题 先把这道题的“家底”摸清。语篇还原在学考中不是传闻，而是已经落地的事实——下面这份谱系表把学考真题中出现的还原题逐条列出，每一行都有原卷可查。 来源 题量与选项 题面形态 设空性质 2025 湖南卷 （真实学考真题） 3 空 / 4 选 （1 项多余） “下面文章中有 3 处需要添加小标题。请从以下选项（A、B、C 和 D）中选出符合各段意思的小标题……选项中有一项是多余选项。” 纯小标题式； 三空全部位于段首， 各自概括本段 2025 年 6 月福建卷 （真实学考真题） 5 空 / 5 选 （无多余项） “选出能填入空白处的最佳选项”； 文章本身带 ● 小标题（Learning new skills／Making connections／第三空待填） 小标题式＋句子式混合； 空位含段首、段中、段尾与小标题 2025 云南／陕西／大连／贵州卷 （真实学考真题） 3 空 / 4 选 （1 项多余） 指令语与湖南卷一致—— “有 3 处需要添加小标题，选项中有一项为多余选项” 纯小标题式； 与湖南卷同属一类， 证明该题型非个别现象 ★ 三条结论 结论一：语篇还原在学考中是真实存在的题型，不是虚构。全国学考真题中，2025 湖南卷设“小标题还原”（3 空 4 选）、2025 年 6 月福建卷设“段落还原”（5 空 5 选），云南、陕西、大连、贵州等卷亦设同类“添加小标题”题。这说明语篇还原已进入全国通用学考试卷的题型序列。 结论二：三种题量形态中，学考真题已出现两种。 四选三（湖南、云南等卷）、五选五（福建卷）——选项数比空数多的“多余项”机制，是这一族题型的设计核心；而福建卷的无多余项形态，则要求“正向作答”。 结论三：必须按“设空位置”而非“题量”分类教学。 小标题式与非小标题式的解法完全不同；而段首、段中、段尾三类空位的判断信号也完全不同。本讲义即按这两条轴线组织。 ★ 一个必须讲清的边界 本专题专讲“整句／整标题还原”，不涉及“选词填空”。 选词填空（填一个词或短语，如 2024 湖北卷、2025 云南卷、2025 陕西卷）考的是词类与词形，属专题 16 的范围；本专题讲的每一空，填进去的都是一个完整句子或一个完整标题——这是两类题最本质的区别，也是学生最容易混淆的地方。 ★ 题型谱系补全（高考参照）：七选五（5 空 7 选，2 项多余）与六选五（5 空 6 选）属高考题型，在 19 份学考真题中尚未出现；本讲义把它们的判断方法一并纳入 2.3、2.4 两节，但所有例证均取自学考真题。 易错提醒：这一讲必须先纠正的三个认知偏差 偏差一：“七选五是高考题，学考不考。” 这个说法在 2025 年之后已经不准确。 学考真题中的小标题还原（湖南、云南、陕西、大连、贵州等卷）与段落还原（福建卷）已经证明这一族题型进入全国通用学考试卷。 偏差二：“语篇还原＝选词填空。” 两者判分方式完全不同：选词填空填一个词或短语（如 2024 湖北卷填 were、dislikes），语篇还原填一个完整句子或一个完整标题。学生用选词填空的思路做语篇还原，必然错——因为选词填空看的是“缺什么成分”，语篇还原看的是“接什么内容”。 偏差三：“多余项是干扰，划掉就行。” 多余项其实是这一题型最有教学价值的部分。 它检验的是排除能力——而排除能力恰恰是语篇还原里最难训练、也最拉开差距的能力。 2.2 小标题式与非小标题式的判别 语篇还原按设空内容的性质分为两种：小标题式（加标题）与非小标题式（补句子）。这两种的解法是相反的，用错方法会导致系统性失分。 子类型 一眼认出 解法 真题依据 小标题式 （加小标题） ① 指令语出现“需要添加小标题”； ② 空格处独立成行、编号单独占一行； ③ 选项都是名词短语或祈使句短语 （Stay physically active．／Try to stay organized．） “概括”而非“衔接”： ① 通读全文，先给每段写一句中文概括； ② 再回头读选项，找与该概括同义的那个； ③ 注意同义替换—— stay organized 与 keep your spaces tidy 是同义 2025 湖南卷 13—15 （3 空 4 选，1 项多余） 非小标题式 （补句子） ① 指令语为“选出能填入空白处的最佳选项”； ② 空格在句子中间或段尾， 前后是完整句子； ③ 选项是完整句子， 常带 So／For example 等衔接词 2025 福建卷 11—15 （5 空 5 选，含段首／段中／段尾与小标题） ★ 为什么必须先分清这两种（最常见的失分根源） 学生常犯的错：拿小标题式的办法去做句子式。 结果是把每个选项都“概括成中文”，再逐段比对——而句子式的空根本不要求“概括全段”，只要求“接得上”。 以福建卷第 15 空为例：空在段中，上文讲“把文化传统与家庭习俗同音乐联系起来”，下文讲“家庭合唱让孩子传承传统”；中间只需一个举例句（E：例如民乐让我们想起传统习俗）——根本不需要概括段落主旨。 反过来，拿句子式的办法去做小标题式也不行：只看空的前一句后一句，看不到整段内容，而小标题必须覆盖整段。 一句话判据：看空格是独立成行，还是夹在句子中间。 独立成行 → 小标题式；夹在句中 → 句子式。 易错提醒：判别只需一秒，但省下的是整道题 判别动作只有一个：看空格是独立成行，还是夹在句子中间。 独立成行（甚至单独占一行、带编号）→ 小标题式； 夹在句中（前后都有完整句子）→ 句子式。 补充一个更快的判别：看选项的形态。 选项是名词短语或祈使句短语（Stay physically active．／Try to stay organized．）→ 小标题式；选项是完整句子（多数带主语和谓语）→ 句子式。 为什么必须先判别？ 因为两种题型的“正确答案”长什么样根本不同：小标题式的答案必须覆盖整段；句子式的答案只需接得上前后两句。用“覆盖整段”的标准去做句子式，会选出那些“意思对但位置不对”的选项——这是学生最常见也最难自查的错误。 2.3 段首题·段中题·段尾题 空在段落中的位置，决定了你要往哪个方向看。 这是本讲义最实用的一条判断，也是训练时必须每题都做的动作。 空位类型 判断信号 解题抓手 真题例证 段首题 （空在段首） 空后第一句就是 该段的主体内容， 空在段首且后面跟着 成段的具体论述 总起／引出下文。 ① 看空后第一句讲什么， 空就要“引出”它； ② 多为概念句、过渡句、 或小标题本身； ③ 常用标志： So／● 小标题 福建卷第 13 空： 空后是“音乐能创造连接感， 让你有归属感”， 故空应点明本段主题 “与人建立连接是基本需求”→ B 段中题 （空在段中） 空前后都有完整句子， 且空所在的句子 在补充、解释或举例 衔接与逻辑。 ① 圈出选项的举例／连接词； ② 判断空缺处的逻辑角色 （因果？举例？）； ③ 看空前后两句的 逻辑关系 福建卷第 15 空： 上文讲“把传统与习俗 同音乐联系起来”， 空以 For example 举例， 引出“民乐唤起传统习俗”→ E 段尾题 （空在段尾） 空在段落最后， 其后没有内容， 或紧接着是下一段 总结／升华／引出下文。 ① 看空前面那段 讲了什么，空要收束它； ② 常见形式： So／Therefore／小结句； ③ 小标题式的段尾 往往是该段的结论句 福建卷第 11 空： 在引言段末， 前文讲“与家人一起演奏音乐很有趣”， 空以 So 引出下文三大好处 → D 福建卷第 12 空： 段末总结“犯错是学习新技能的一部分”→ C ★ 三类空位的一句话总纲 段首题：往后看。 看空后的内容，空要把它“引出来”。 段中题：两头看。 看空前讲了什么、空后讲了什么，中间缺的是什么“关系”。 段尾题：往前看。 看空前那段讲了什么，空要把它“收起来”。 补充第四条：段首题最容易，因为选项往往是现成的小标题；段尾题次之，因为空前的段落就在眼前；段中题最难，因为要同时处理前后两个方向的关系。 湖南卷 13—15 三空均为段首小标题，是段首题最纯粹的真题样本；福建卷 11—15 则一段之内段首、段中、段尾、小标题四种空位齐全。 2.4 六类衔接信号 判断“哪句话接得上”，靠的是线索。列出四类衔接信号（按学考真题中出现频率排序），并配上来自学考真题的真实例证。 信号 长什么样 指向 真题例证 同义替换 选项用词与原文 不一样但意思相同 概括匹配—— 小标题式必备： stay organized ← keep your spaces tidy 2025 湖南卷第 14 空： 选项 Try to stay organized 对应原文“保持空间整洁、 用计划表保持条理” 复现词 同一词（如 mistakes） 在选项与原文中 反复出现 话题一致—— 选项里出现的原文词， 往往就是该段的主题词 2025 福建卷第 12 空： 上文讲“犯错没关系”， 选项 Making mistakes … 与原文 mistakes 复现 → C 小标题呼应 选项与段落小标题 直接对应 主题一致—— 选项须与所在段 小标题同线 2025 福建卷第 13、14 空： B 项“建立连接”呼应小标题 Making connections； A 项“传承传统”呼应 该段小标题 举例／因果标志词 For example／So／ Therefore／because 逻辑方向—— 举例、总结、因果 2025 福建卷第 15 空： For example 引出具体例子 → 锁定 E； 第 11 空 So 收束上文、 开启下文 → D ★ 使用这四类信号的操作顺序（不要一次找齐） 第一步：先看空的位置。 段首／段中／段尾？——这决定你“看哪边”。 第二步：只找最强的那一个信号。 同义替换 > 复现词 > 小标题呼应 > 举例／因果——优先级是经验值，不要一次找四个信号，那样会自己把自己绕晕。 第三步：用排除法缩小范围。 把与空位逻辑角色不符的选项先划掉，通常三步之内就能锁定唯一答案。 特别提醒：同一个选项里往往有多个信号同时指向，这叫“强证据”；如果两个选项都能被你找到支持，说明你还没把段落逻辑读透，回到第一步重来。 2.5 四类高频干扰项的识别 排除能力是这一题型真正拉开差距的地方。把四类高频干扰项拆开，每一类都配上来自学考真题的真实例证。 干扰类型 典型表现 真题例证 识别与排除 同义词面陷阱 选项里有原文出现过的词，但只对应文中一句 2025 湖南卷第 15 空 干扰项 D（Get plenty of vitamins B and D）—— 原文确有 vitamin-rich，但该项不覆盖“均衡饮食” 小标题必须覆盖整段；只沾边不全面 → 是干扰项 多余项（话题偏离） 选项内容本身正确， 但不属于这一段 2025 湖南卷第 15 空 的多余项 D—— 讲“维生素”， 整段讲的是“均衡饮食” “放到别处也通、 但本段不谈它” 是多余项的典型特征 因果／逻辑错位 把“原因”和“结果”、 “举例”和“结论” 位置调换 2025 福建卷第 15 空： 上文是“泛论传统与音乐”， 故空必须是举例（E）， 若选成结论句则错位 看到 For example／ So，空的逻辑角色 就定了，不可颠倒 ★ 讲评时的三个提问（比讲答案更有用） 提问一：“这个选项如果填进去，本段多说了什么？” 答不上来 → 多余项。 提问二：“如果这一空不存在，读者会不会觉得缺了什么？” 不会 → 说明这个空可有可无，是错项。 提问三：“你填的这个，和全文标题／小标题是一条线吗？” 不在一条线上 → 即使局部通顺，也是错项。 这三个提问正好对应语篇还原的三条判断标准：信息增量、必要性、全局一致。 考点一：段首题（总结句；小标题） 例1. (2025年湖南市普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) How to Keep Your Memory Healthy Struggling to recall a memory that feels just out of reach can be frustrating, inconvenient and, at times, embarrassing. Thankfully, there are ways to help boost your memory and keep your recall sharp. Besides getting a good night’s sleep and reading a book, the following three might also be better tips for you. 13 It might seem surprising, but one of the best ways to keep your brain active is to keep your body in motion. Exercise improves blood flow to the brain, helping to keep your brain cells healthy and happy. Studies show that as little as 15 minutes of exercise can lead to observable improvements in cognition (认知) and memory. Regular exercise — between 75 and 150 minutes per week — has been tied to improved memory function in adults. 14 Mess, both physical and mental, can negatively impact your ability to remember things. If you keep your working and living spaces tidy, it’s easier to remember where you set your phone, keys, or wallet. Similarly, a planner can help keep you mentally organized, making it easier to remember appointments, tasks, and other responsibilities. 15 Your diet can impact many aspects of your life, including your neurological function. Nutritious, vitamin-rich (富含维生素的) foods, such as fresh fruit and vegetables, can give your brain the fuel it needs to keep functioning as it should. A．Try to stay organized.          B．Stay physically active. C． Eat a well-balanced diet.          D．Get plenty of vitamins B and D． What can we do to keep healthy? Here are some tips.(小建议) 1 If you want to be healthy, you should (应该) eat more healthy food, such as vegetables and fruit. You should also drink 500 ml milk every day. 2 Doing exercise is another way to keep you healthy. So you should do some sports after class. Doing sports can make you strong. You’ll have a good figure (身材) if you do enough exercise. 3 Smile (微笑) is the best way to make you healthy. Try to find the things that make you laugh and you’ll be happy every day. You should be optimistic (乐观) about life. 4 Don’t stay up! Students should go to bed before 10 o’clock. If you want to have a good grade (成绩), you must have a good rest. There’s a famous saying, “ 5 ” It tells us enough time of rest is important. A．Enough smiles. B．Enough exercise. C．Enough healthy food. D．Enough time of rest (休息). E．Remember smile is the best medicine to cure (治疗) your illness. F．Eating chocolate is healthy. G．Early to bed and early to rise makes a person healthy. 考点二 ：段中题（逻辑关系） 例1. (2026年广东省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) Have you ever set a goal for yourself, like getting fit, making honor roll, or being picked for a team? Like lots of people, maybe you started out doing great, but then lost some of that drive and had trouble getting motivated again. 16 It all comes down to good planning, realistic expectations, and a stick-to-it attitude. Here’s what you need to do: First, know your goal. Start by writing down your major goal. For example, “I want to make honor roll”, or “I want to get fit enough to make the cross-country team,” or even, “I want to play in the Olympics” are all major goals because they’re the final thing the goal setter wants to see happen. 17 That’s how people get things done. You just have to remember that the bigger the goal, the more work it takes to get there. Make it specific. It’s easier to plan for and master a specific goal than an unclear one. 18 That’s pretty unclear. Make it specific by defining what you want to achieve, why you want to get fit, and by when. This helps you make a plan to reach your goal. 19 People often abandon their goals because their expectations are unreasonable. Part of staying motivated is being realistic about what you can achieve within the timeframe you’ve planned. Competing on the Olympic ski team is a workable goal if you are 15 and already a star skier. But if you’re 18 and only just taking your first lesson, time isn’t exactly on your side. Break it down. Making any change takes self-discipline. You need to pay constant attention so you don’t get sidetracked. 20 For example, let’s say you want to run a marathon. If it’s February and the marathon is in August, that’s a realistic timeframe to prepare. Start by planning to run 2 miles and work up gradually to the distance you need. A．Make it realistic. B．It’s OK to dream big. C．One way to make this easier is to break a big goal into small steps. D．Let’s say your goal is to get fit. E．So how do you stay motivated and on track with your goal? Paper‑cutting counts as a shining treasure belonging to Chinese folk art. 1 Folk craftsmen use scissors or carving knives to turn red paper into various attractive decorative patterns. Back in ancient times, this folk art already carried rich symbolic meanings. The character “Xi” stands for happy marriage at weddings. Fish patterns represent surplus and wealth. People paste those art pieces on windows and doors for important traditional festivals. In ancient times, large numbers of women learned paper‑cutting skills within their own households. 2 Mothers would show daughters basic cutting skills in their spare time. 3 As a result, this folk art got passed down from generation to generation. Entering modern society, people explore new ways to spread this handicraft. Some schools launch paper‑cutting optional courses. Folk artists also exhibit their creative works across internet platforms. 4 Even though difficulties remain, with joint efforts from all sides, this age‑old folk art will keep shining brightly in modern society. 5 More young people begin to know and love this traditional handicraft. Local communities also organize different kinds of hand‑craft activities. A．It owns a history of over 1500 years. B．Family was the main place for skill learning at that time. C．Family members often practiced paper‑cutting together. D．Modern new forms contribute to spreading this precious folk heritage. E．Positive influences can be seen among the younger generation. F．Paper‑cutting should no longer be shown on online platforms. G．Paper-cutting can only be made by elderly artists. 考点三 ：段尾题（总结；逻辑关系） 例1. (2025年陕西省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) How to Use a Public Computer—Safety Tips There are times when you may want to use a public computer, for example, in an Internet cafe, a library or at an airport. That’s when it is especially important to be smart and safe. 16 Don’t save! When you want to log into(登录) a social networking website or your web mail, the system will ask you, “Do you want to save this password?” Don’t click ‘Yes’ on a public computer. 17 A．Log out! B．Watch out! C．However, your personal account will be at risk. D．you should create a new password on the computer. E．you should close all the windows on the computer first. F．Read on to find how you can use a public computer safely. G．Otherwise, other users can probably log into your personal account. 例2. (2025年云南省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) How to Exercise Your Brain Whether you’re trying to get your brain back into shape or you just want to keep it as strong as it is now, there are some things you can do to exercise your brain. 16 Read as much as you can. …. Increase your vocabulary. …. Learn a new language. … ........ A．Join an interest group. B．Here are some tips to help you. C．Learn to play a musical instrument. D．It will improve your social connections. E．This exercises the language part of your brain. F．Like any exercise, start small and work your way up. G．It’s a great way to keep learning new things and challenging your brain. Running is a great way to stay healthy, but beginners need to keep some useful tips in mind. If you do it in a right way, you will enjoy running and stay away from injuries. 1 Choose a pair of good running shoes. You do not need expensive ones, but they must fit your feet well. Bad shoes are one of the main reasons for foot pain. 2 Start slowly. Do not try to run a long distance in your first week. The walk‑run method works well for new runners. You can mix walking and jogging. 3 Never skip warm‑up and cool‑down. Warm‑up makes your blood flow faster and prepares your muscles. After running, cool‑down exercises relax your body. 4 Listen to your body. Feeling tired is normal, but sharp pain is a warning signal. 5 Stop running and take a rest if you feel hurt. A．Do not push yourself through serious pain. B．Here is some practical advice for you. C．This helps your body get used to running little by little. D．You should buy the most expensive running shoes. E．These two steps greatly lower the risk of getting hurt. F．You can run for an hour without any break at first. G．Comfortable‑fitting shoes can prevent foot pain. A Why Do We Need Holidays? For most students, holidays are one of the most exciting parts of a year. We can stay away from busy schoolwork for some time. 1 There are several main reasons why holidays are important for us. First, holidays give us time to relax ourselves. During school days, we are busy with lessons and homework every day. 2 We can slow down and rest both our body and mind. Second, holidays are a great chances for family time. Many parents are too busy with their work on weekdays. 3 They can go travelling, cook nice food or just chat together at home. Third, holiday experiences open our eyes. 4 When we travel to new places, we see different scenery, meet new people and learn things we cannot get from textbooks. 5 We should make good plans and make our holidays meaningful. A．Holidays help us stay away from pressure for a while. B．So holidays bring them chances to stay with their kids. C．We can learn nothing new during our holidays. D．However, we don't need any rest after long time study. E．Lots of people look forward to their holiday time. F．Travelling or local activities can bring us new knowledge. G．A good holiday does not mean wasting time all day long. B High school can be one of the most exciting periods of your life — and one of the most confusing. You face new challenges, new freedoms, and new responsibilities. Here is some advice from older students on how to make these years count. 1 One of the biggest transitions in high school is managing your time. Unlike middle school, you’ll have more homework and less free time. A good approach is to use a planner or a digital calendar. Write down all your assignments, tests, and activities. This helps you plan ahead and avoid last-minute stress. 2 High school offers dozens of clubs, sports teams, and activities. You might want to try them all. That’s normal, but try to choose two or three that you genuinely enjoy. It’s better to be deeply involved in a few activities than to join everything and do nothing well. 3 The biggest factor in high school success isn’t your IQ — it’s your self-discipline. Spend a little time every day reviewing your lessons instead of cramming before exams. Ask for help early. Teachers are available during office hours. Don’t let pride get in the way. 4 It’s hard, but it’s important. Even if you feel stressed or overwhelmed, don’t isolate yourself. Talk to a friend, a family member, or a school counselor. Everyone has bad days in high school. The key is not letting a bad day turn into a bad month. 5 High school is only four years. It sounds like a long time, but it goes by quickly. Try to appreciate the time you have with your classmates and create memorable experiences. When you look back, you won’t remember every test — but you will remember laughing with friends, joining clubs, and trying new things. A．Don’t be afraid to ask for help. B．Stay on top of your schoolwork. C．Find your people. D．Use your time wisely. E．Don’t go through it alone. F．Choose a few activities, not all of them. G．Enjoy the journey. C How to develop good reading habits Reading can open new worlds and improve your vocabulary. However, many people find it hard to keep reading regularly. 1 Pick books you are truly interested in. If you force yourself to read a book you hate, you will give up quickly. Start with topics you love: sports, travel, history or novels. 2 Set a simple daily reading goal. You don’t need to finish one chapter every day. Even 10 minutes of reading counts. 3 Slowly reading will become your daily habit. Reduce distractions when reading. Put your phone in another room. Turn off TV and noisy music. Find a quiet corner. 4 Don’t fear quitting a book. If a book still bores you after reading 50 pages, give it up. There are millions of great books waiting for you. It is not a failure to stop reading one book. 5 A．Here are some useful tips. B．Good books are always hard to find. C．This helps you focus on your book. D．It is just a chance to try another one. E．A small goal is easier to stick to. F．You can borrow books from libraries for free. G．Good reading skills can help your study greatly. D Watching sports matches is great fun, but being a good spectator needs good manners. Good fans can make the match more enjoyable for everyone. 1 Learn the basic rules of the sport first. If you know little about the rules, you may get confused about what is happening on the field. You may even cheer at the wrong time. 2 Cheer for all players, not just your favourite team. 3 When the other team makes a wonderful move, you can also clap for them. This shows your respect for all competitors. Keep your voice and behaviour polite. Never shout rude words at players or referees. 4 If you bring snacks, do not drop rubbish everywhere. Accept the final result calmly. Every game has a winner and a loser. 5 Learn from the game and enjoy the wonderful moments, whatever the final score is. A．You can cheer loudly for your own team. B．Here is some advice to be a polite spectator. C．It helps you understand the match better. D．It is not wise to get angry when your team loses. E．You should push through crowds to get good seats. F．Taking photos with flash during matches is usually allowed. G．Never throw bottles or other things onto the sports field. E The arts, especially music, should be part of every school’s lessons at every grade level. 1 They could improve their classroom skills, like paying attention and following directions. 2 Making music also lets children use their imagination. It provides students with a chance to try out their own ideas. Music not only makes children better students, but also gives them something positive to do. In a music program, children can be part of a band. Parents can enjoy listening to their children’s music instead of seeing them addicted to (沉迷于) a computer or TV screen. 3 They can get along well with old friends and make new friends through music. 4 It gives children a sense of achievement and success. Making music is something for them to be proud of, and it lets kids practice performing in front of audiences. Music gives children an opportunity for self-expression, and that helps develop their self-confidence. Once again, music is important because it can make children better students, give them something positive to do, and build their characters. 5 A．Music builds self-confidence, too. B．Popular music singers make much money. C．In a school band, students get to be part of a team. D．People develop all these skills when they learn music. E．It was started by cowboys who would sing at night to the cows. F．Students would be much smarter if they had some musical experience. G．That is why music should be offered in every single grade in every school. F A healthy lifestyle is very important to us. It can not only keep us fit but also help us perform better in study. 1 To begin with, a proper diet is the base of good health. Make sure to have three meals a day. We should include a lot of fresh vegetables and fruit in our diet. 2 Instead of having a can of cola, we can choose a glass of fruit juice. Doing sports is necessary. We don’t have to do too much exercise for many hours. 3 For example, we can simply take a walk during breaks or just climb the stairs. They are very easy to do but very useful. Another key is getting enough sleep. Many of us stay up late to study. 4 We should have a regular sleep schedule and get 7 to 8 hours of sleep each night. A good night’s sleep will help us remember better and be ready for a new day. 5 We often face challenges and stress in our studies and life. It’s important to find ways to deal with stress, such as having a chat with our friends, listening to music or reading books. Keeping positive can help us overcome difficulties. All in all, with these healthy habits, we can get healthy and get the ability to study and grow. A．Pay attention to mental health. B．But it can influence our memory. C．Making more friends is also a good way. D．The simple ones can make a big difference. E．Try to take fewer drinks and less junk food. F．Here are some ways to keep a healthy lifestyle. G．Eating as much food as you want can make you happy. 一、阅读理解 A Campus ResourcesBookstore The bookstores supply required and recommended textbooks, reference materials, and college sportswear. You can buy or rent textbooks. Access more details about the bookstore on My Macomb. Locations: South Campus K Building 586.445.7385 Center Campus P Building 586.286.2093 Library Macomb Community College’s Library collections contain print and multimedia materials covering a wide range of topics. Each campus library features resources in the program areas offered at that location. Center Campus focuses on Nursing, Public Safety, and Early Childhood Education. The South Campus Library highlights Applied Technology, Media and Communication Arts, and Engineering Technology. Locations: South Campus J Building 586.445.7401 Center Campus C Building 586.286.2104 College Success Skills-CSSK-1200 CSSK is a three-credit-hour course that is open to all students. You will learn what it takes to be a successful college student, explore campus resources, and connect with other students. You will also learn goal setting, study strategies, time management and educational planning. Career (职业) Development and Decision Making-LIFE-1010 LIFE is a three-credit-hour course. It will guide you to explore your interests, personality and values as they’re late to the world of work. This course is suggested if you are undecided on a job path, or have ideas about what you want to do but are unsure how to get there. In this class you will tour companies and talk to professionals in different industries. 1．Where can you get multimedia materials in Engineering Technology? A．South Campus K Building    586.445.7385 B．Center Campus P Building    586.286.2093 C．South Campus J Building    586.445.7401 D．Center Campus C Building    586.286.2104 2．Why is the course LIFE established? A．To guide students to explore campus resources. B．To inspire students to develop research interests. C．To encourage students to set educational plans. D．To help students make suitable career choices. 3．Where is this text probably taken from? A．A course plan. B．A student guide. C．An academic article. D．A college newspaper. B In June, 11-year-old JoJo Zager organized a 10-day donation drive for Michigan’s Community Food Bank of Macomb County, planning to collect 10, 000 pounds of food. Worried about funding cuts affecting the area, he first visited the food bank to learn about its work and how he could help. JoJo then took action: he set up drop-off boxes at nearby libraries and made leaflets, and his mom helped share information online. A local newspaper also covered the event, spreading the word widely. Donation boxes filled up with nonperishable (不易变质的) foods, such as cereal and canned goods. JoJo and his mother took them to the food bank every other day. Food insecurity is a serious and widespread challenge in the United States. The food bank supported 50 local pantries (救济食品室) and helped 400, 000 people in the community last year. Though JoJo fell short of his 10, 000-pound goal — collecting 6, 000 pounds — he felt proud. The food bank’s program manager praised him for putting the food bank on the map — many people didn’t know about it before. JoJo realized that even small efforts could make a big difference to those in need. JoJo isn’t stopping here. He plans to hold another food drive next March. 4．What was the result of the joint effort to spread JoJo’s action? A．Donations poured in. B．JoJo earned his first paycheck. C．Nearby libraries became popular. D．The community no longer faced hunger. 5．How many pounds of food did JoJo still need to reach the goal? A．400, 000. B．16, 000. C．10, 000. D．4, 000. 6．What did the program manager praise JoJo for? A．Donating the most food. B．Selling food at a low price. C．Raising funds for the food bank. D．Helping more people learn about the food bank. 7．What will JoJo do next? A．Build a food bank. B．Organize a food drive again. C．Contact hungry people directly. D．Sell more drop-off boxes. C “No pain, no gain” is a phrase you might hear often at the gym. People who say it usually believe you need to push your body hard, and even feel pain, to see results! However, this idea may not always be true, as research from Australia’s Edith Cowan University has found that you can become stronger and healthier without very intense (剧烈) workouts. Instead of focusing on lifting heavy weights or doing hundreds of squats (深蹲), researchers say, it can be better to use slow and controlled actions where muscles (肌肉) work while they are lengthening. These are known as “eccentric” exercises (离心运动). Slowly sitting down in a chair, walking downstairs, or lowering a weight are good examples of eccentric exercises. Research shows that muscles produce more force during these movements, while using less energy than they do when lifting or pulling. This means people can build strength without feeling very tired. In addition, eccentric exercises require neither a gym nor any special equipment (设备). Simple exercises at home, such as chair squats or wall push-ups, can be enough, and even a short routine of a few minutes each day can lead to real improvements over time. You don’t always have to make exercise intense or painful. Instead, try to make it feel easier and more achievable. That way, you’re more likely to stick with it — and remember, consistency is what really brings better health! 8．Which of the following is an example of eccentric exercises? A．Walking upstairs quickly. B．Doing hundreds of fast squats. C．Slowly sitting down in a chair. D．Lifting heavy weights. 9．What do paragraphs 5&6 mainly tell us about eccentric exercises? A．Their risks. B．The proper way to do them. C．Their popularity. D．Their advantages. 10．What does the author try to do in the last paragraph? A．Offer advice. B．Explain a saying. C．Raise doubts. D．Give a warning. 11．What is the best title for this text? A．No Pain, No Gain B．Easy Exercise Builds Strength C．How to Balance Life and Workout D．A Good Choice Makes a Strong Body D How to Make Friends Friends are so wonderful because they bring laughter, share adventures and comfort you in hard times. 12 Fortunately, once you know where to look and how to put yourself out there, making new friends doesn’t have to be hard. Here are some tips and strategies for building the friendships you deserve. 13 If you want to make friends, you first need to put yourself out there somehow in order to meet people. If you just sit alone, friends might come to you, but that’s not likely because they might think you want to stay alone. For example, if you’re still in school, sit somewhere with other people. It doesn’t have to be a crowded table, but try to choose one with at least 2 other people. Join an organization or club to meet new people. 14 You don’t necessarily need to have a lot of common interests with people in order to make friends with them. Some of the most rewarding friendships are between 2 people who don’t have much in common at all. Make eye contact and smile. If you don’t present a friendly and inviting appearance, people are less likely to be receptive to your friendship. 15 Be reliable. When you say you’ll do something, do it. 16 If you embody this quality in your treatment of others, it will attract others who appreciate reliability and who will be reliable in return. A．Make yourself available. B．Look for opportunities to talk to people. C．Show the good, unique qualities about yourself. D．Be someone that people know that they can depend on. E．But sometimes making new friends can feel really hard. F．This is a great way to find other people who have common interests. G．Look people directly in the eye when they are speaking to you and offer them a warm, friendly smile. 二、完形填空 When I was a little girl, I loved music very much. I dreamed of becoming a 17 one day. My parents supported my dream, and they bought me a piano. I practiced every day, but sometimes I felt 18 and wanted to give up. One day, my piano teacher told me a story. She said, “Music is not just about playing notes. It is about 19 your feelings and connecting with others. You should love music from the 20 of your heart.” Her words changed me. I started to practice with more 21 and passion. I listened to different kinds of music, learned from great musicians and 22 my own style. When I was 16, I took part in a national piano competition. I was very 23 before the competition, but I tried my best to play. When I finished playing, the audience stood up and 24 for a long time. I won the first prize! Now, I am a professional pianist. I travel around the world to give 25 and share my love for music with people. I am very 26 for my parents and my teacher, who helped me make my dream come true. Music has changed my life. It has taught me to be 27 , patient and hard-working. It has also given me a lot of 28 and happiness. I hope more people can 29   the beauty of music and make it a part of their life. If you have a dream, don’t give up. Keep working hard, and you will 30 succeed. Remember, the road to success is not 31 , but as long as you keep going, you will reach your goal. 17．A．singer B．pianist C．dancer D．writer 18．A．tired B．excited C．happy D．relaxed 19．A．hiding B．expressing C．controlling D．changing 20．A．top B．surface C．bottom D．middle 21．A．difficulty B．pressure C．effort D．time 22．A．developed B．forgot C．lost D．found 23．A．calm B．nervous C．angry D．sad 24．A．talked B．shouted C．clapped D．laughed 25．A．concerts B．speeches C．lessons D．parties 26．A．sorry B．thankful C．careful D．helpful 27．A．lazy B．brave C．shy D．quiet 28．A．trouble B．sadness C．joy D．stress 29．A．enjoy B．ignore C．forget D．hate 30．A．never B．hardly C．finally D．suddenly 31．A．easy B．long C．hard D．short 三、语法填空 I hate being overweight. Everything from my waist to my legs was overweight. After Christmas last year, I 32 (decide) to do something. I met Dr Wallace, and she told me I had to stop 33 (eat) fast food. It was very hard for me because I was eating them three or four times a week: pizza, hamburgers, whatever I could get. But I said to 34 (I) that I would try my best to do it — and I did. My best friend, Rachel Waterman, said I had to walk 10,000 steps every day. That was very hard for me at 35 beginning. I was used to driving everywhere, 36 I started to walk everywhere instead. I walked in the morning before work, and I 37 (usual) took a walk in the park with my husband after work. Now I never go to bed until I’ve done my 10,000 steps. Six 38 (month) has passed, and I made it. Last week, my husband bought me an MP4 as a gift. The weight is wonderful — I feel like a 39 (difference) person now, and I can buy my favourite clothes in the shops. I am so proud 40 myself because everyone thought I wouldn’t be able 41 (make) it including myself. 四、书信写作 42． 假定你是李华，你的外国朋友David最近选修了中文课程。他来信向你咨询学好中文的方法。请你写一封回信，内容包括： （1）提出建议； （2）表达祝愿。 注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear David, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题15 语篇还原（阅读填空） 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 研|核心专题精讲 考点一 段首题（总结；小标题） 考点二 段中题（衔接；逻辑关系） 考点三 段尾题（总结；逻辑关系） 练|巩固提升训练 本模块依据《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2025年修订）》对本专题在学考中的要求进行梳理，并结合近年全国各地学业水平考试命题实践作出趋势判断。 语篇还原题的考查内容是语篇的宏观组织结构——即课标表7 语篇知识中反复强调的“段与段的关系以及语篇各部分与语篇主题之间的关系”，以及表10 语言技能内容要求·必修·理解性技能中的第 11 条“识别书面语篇中常见的指代和衔接关系”、第 12 条“根据书面语篇的标题、图片、图表和关键词等信息，推断语篇的主题和内容”、第 13 条“分析书面语篇段落间和上下文间的逻辑关系，评价作者的写作策略和技巧”、第 15 条“根据语篇事实或语言表达，推断、评价说话人或作者的行为、观点、意图和态度”。这些条目全部属于必修，不带星号——语篇还原考的是必修范围内的核心能力。 课标条目 内容要求原文（节选） 对应还原题能力 学考要求 表10 理解性技能第 11 条 识别书面语篇中常见的指代和衔接关系 代词指代、连接词衔接 （段中题的核心） 熟练掌握 表10 理解性技能第 12 条 根据书面语篇的标题、图片、图表和关键词等信息，推断语篇的主题和内容 小标题的概括与匹配 （小标题式的核心） 熟练掌握 表10 理解性技能第 13 条 分析书面语篇段落间和上下文间的逻辑关系，评价作者的写作策略和技巧 逻辑关系判断 （段首／段中／段尾题的核心） 熟练掌握 表10 理解性技能第 15 条 根据语篇事实或语言表达，推断、评价说话人或作者的行为、观点、意图和态度 话题一致与全局校验 熟练掌握 表10 理解性技能第 6 条 概括书面语篇中的主要信息、观点及其支撑论据 段落大意概括 熟练掌握 表7 语篇知识必修第 5 条 语篇中的显性衔接和连贯手段，如通过使用代词、连接词、省略句、替代等手段来实现的指代、连接、省略、替代等衔接关系 七种衔接信号 熟练掌握 表7 语篇知识必修第 6 条 语篇的段首句、主题句、过渡句的作用、位置及行文特征 空位类型的判断依据 （段首／段中／段尾） 熟练掌握 1.2 学考与高考的考查差异 比较维度 学业水平考试（学考） 高考 题量与选项 3 空 4 选（湖南、云南等卷）至 5 空 5 选（福建卷）；四选三、五选五两种形态出现在学考真题 5 空 7 选（全国卷） 文本长度 200—300 词，结构清晰 300—400 词，层层推进 选项长度 多为短句或短语，信息量适中（8—20 词） 偏长句，一处可含两个信息点 设空位置 段首、段中、段尾三类齐全，小标题式与句子式混合出现（如福建卷） 以段中句为主，小标题式单独成型 干扰项设计 多见话题偏离与同义词面陷阱（湖南卷第 15 空最典型） 更多同义改写与深层逻辑错配，且“选错一空导致连错两空”的牵制效应更强 文体 以说明文为主，话题贴近学生生活（记忆健康、各国午餐、阅读与口语、登山） 说明文为主，议论文比例更高（浙江卷六选五基本不考记叙文） 得分目标 “把该对的空全对”——流程对就能拿满分 “在强干扰中突围”——需要长期语篇训练 易错提醒：学考做还原题的三个致命习惯 习惯一：先读文章再读选项。 这是最贵的一个习惯。 七选五的选项里已经明示了大量线索（连接词、代词、话题词），先读选项，读文章时才能“带着钩子去找”；反过来先读文章，读选项时又要重读一遍文章，时间直接翻倍。 习惯二：不判断空位类型就往下做。 段首题要往后看，段尾题要往前看，段中题才两头看——方向错了，越读越乱。正确做法是在草稿上给每个空标上“首／中／尾”，这一步只要 1 分钟，却能省下后面大量冤枉时间。 习惯三：填完不看。 七选五的选项互相牵制——一空错，往往连错两空。 做完必须把答案填回文章通读一遍，这是唯一能发现连锁错误的方法。同时回头看多余项——如果某个多余项读起来明显比已填的更合适，说明前面填错了。 1.3 2027命题趋势观察与备考策略 语篇还原进入学考试卷，是一件需要教师特别关注的事。它意味着这一题型正在从“个别省份的尝试”变成“全国通用配置的一部分”。下表把趋势、表现与备考动作并列。 趋势 表现 趋势一：语篇还原已进入多省学考试卷 全国学考真题中，2025 湖南卷设“添加小标题”题（3 空 4 选）、2025 年 6 月福建卷设段落还原（5 空 5 选），云南、陕西、大连、贵州等卷亦设同类“添加小标题”题。这已不是个别现象。 趋势二：题量形态呈现“四选三—五选五”两档 湖南卷 3 空 4 选（1 多余）、福建卷为 5 空 5 选（无多余项）；“多余项”与“无多余项”两种机制均已出现 趋势三：小标题式与句子式混合成为常态 2025 福建卷一题之内，既有小标题空（第 14 空）、又有段首句、段中句、段尾句——学生必须同时处理“分项标题”与“段中衔接” 备考策略四条 ● 第一条：把“读选项”放在“读文章”之前。 这是七选五独有的优势，不用就浪费了。读选项时在每个选项旁标出信号词类型（But／Therefore／代词／小标题），读文章时带着钩子去找。 ● 第二条：先判空位类型，再决定看哪边。 段首题往后看，段尾题往前看，段中题两头看——在草稿上标“首／中／尾”，这一步 1 分钟，能省半小时。 ● 第三条：每次只练一种信号。 第一周只练复现词，第二周只练连接词，第三周才综合。一次找齐七个信号，学生会自己把自己绕晕。 ● 第四条：多余项必须“复盘”，不能只划掉。 每做完一篇，把多余项抄下来，写一句“它为什么不属于这里”。这一句话，比做对十道题更有价值——因为它训练的是排除能力，而排除能力正是这一题型真正拉开差距的地方。 2.1 题型谱系：基于三年学考真题 先把这道题的“家底”摸清。语篇还原在学考中不是传闻，而是已经落地的事实——下面这份谱系表把学考真题中出现的还原题逐条列出，每一行都有原卷可查。 来源 题量与选项 题面形态 设空性质 2025 湖南卷 （真实学考真题） 3 空 / 4 选 （1 项多余） “下面文章中有 3 处需要添加小标题。请从以下选项（A、B、C 和 D）中选出符合各段意思的小标题……选项中有一项是多余选项。” 纯小标题式； 三空全部位于段首， 各自概括本段 2025 年 6 月福建卷 （真实学考真题） 5 空 / 5 选 （无多余项） “选出能填入空白处的最佳选项”； 文章本身带 ● 小标题（Learning new skills／Making connections／第三空待填） 小标题式＋句子式混合； 空位含段首、段中、段尾与小标题 2025 云南／陕西／大连／贵州卷 （真实学考真题） 3 空 / 4 选 （1 项多余） 指令语与湖南卷一致—— “有 3 处需要添加小标题，选项中有一项为多余选项” 纯小标题式； 与湖南卷同属一类， 证明该题型非个别现象 ★ 三条结论 结论一：语篇还原在学考中是真实存在的题型，不是虚构。全国学考真题中，2025 湖南卷设“小标题还原”（3 空 4 选）、2025 年 6 月福建卷设“段落还原”（5 空 5 选），云南、陕西、大连、贵州等卷亦设同类“添加小标题”题。这说明语篇还原已进入全国通用学考试卷的题型序列。 结论二：三种题量形态中，学考真题已出现两种。 四选三（湖南、云南等卷）、五选五（福建卷）——选项数比空数多的“多余项”机制，是这一族题型的设计核心；而福建卷的无多余项形态，则要求“正向作答”。 结论三：必须按“设空位置”而非“题量”分类教学。 小标题式与非小标题式的解法完全不同；而段首、段中、段尾三类空位的判断信号也完全不同。本讲义即按这两条轴线组织。 ★ 一个必须讲清的边界 本专题专讲“整句／整标题还原”，不涉及“选词填空”。 选词填空（填一个词或短语，如 2024 湖北卷、2025 云南卷、2025 陕西卷）考的是词类与词形，属专题 16 的范围；本专题讲的每一空，填进去的都是一个完整句子或一个完整标题——这是两类题最本质的区别，也是学生最容易混淆的地方。 ★ 题型谱系补全（高考参照）：七选五（5 空 7 选，2 项多余）与六选五（5 空 6 选）属高考题型，在 19 份学考真题中尚未出现；本讲义把它们的判断方法一并纳入 2.3、2.4 两节，但所有例证均取自学考真题。 易错提醒：这一讲必须先纠正的三个认知偏差 偏差一：“七选五是高考题，学考不考。” 这个说法在 2025 年之后已经不准确。 学考真题中的小标题还原（湖南、云南、陕西、大连、贵州等卷）与段落还原（福建卷）已经证明这一族题型进入全国通用学考试卷。 偏差二：“语篇还原＝选词填空。” 两者判分方式完全不同：选词填空填一个词或短语（如 2024 湖北卷填 were、dislikes），语篇还原填一个完整句子或一个完整标题。学生用选词填空的思路做语篇还原，必然错——因为选词填空看的是“缺什么成分”，语篇还原看的是“接什么内容”。 偏差三：“多余项是干扰，划掉就行。” 多余项其实是这一题型最有教学价值的部分。 它检验的是排除能力——而排除能力恰恰是语篇还原里最难训练、也最拉开差距的能力。 2.2 小标题式与非小标题式的判别 语篇还原按设空内容的性质分为两种：小标题式（加标题）与非小标题式（补句子）。这两种的解法是相反的，用错方法会导致系统性失分。 子类型 一眼认出 解法 真题依据 小标题式 （加小标题） ① 指令语出现“需要添加小标题”； ② 空格处独立成行、编号单独占一行； ③ 选项都是名词短语或祈使句短语 （Stay physically active．／Try to stay organized．） “概括”而非“衔接”： ① 通读全文，先给每段写一句中文概括； ② 再回头读选项，找与该概括同义的那个； ③ 注意同义替换—— stay organized 与 keep your spaces tidy 是同义 2025 湖南卷 13—15 （3 空 4 选，1 项多余） 非小标题式 （补句子） ① 指令语为“选出能填入空白处的最佳选项”； ② 空格在句子中间或段尾， 前后是完整句子； ③ 选项是完整句子， 常带 So／For example 等衔接词 2025 福建卷 11—15 （5 空 5 选，含段首／段中／段尾与小标题） ★ 为什么必须先分清这两种（最常见的失分根源） 学生常犯的错：拿小标题式的办法去做句子式。 结果是把每个选项都“概括成中文”，再逐段比对——而句子式的空根本不要求“概括全段”，只要求“接得上”。 以福建卷第 15 空为例：空在段中，上文讲“把文化传统与家庭习俗同音乐联系起来”，下文讲“家庭合唱让孩子传承传统”；中间只需一个举例句（E：例如民乐让我们想起传统习俗）——根本不需要概括段落主旨。 反过来，拿句子式的办法去做小标题式也不行：只看空的前一句后一句，看不到整段内容，而小标题必须覆盖整段。 一句话判据：看空格是独立成行，还是夹在句子中间。 独立成行 → 小标题式；夹在句中 → 句子式。 易错提醒：判别只需一秒，但省下的是整道题 判别动作只有一个：看空格是独立成行，还是夹在句子中间。 独立成行（甚至单独占一行、带编号）→ 小标题式； 夹在句中（前后都有完整句子）→ 句子式。 补充一个更快的判别：看选项的形态。 选项是名词短语或祈使句短语（Stay physically active．／Try to stay organized．）→ 小标题式；选项是完整句子（多数带主语和谓语）→ 句子式。 为什么必须先判别？ 因为两种题型的“正确答案”长什么样根本不同：小标题式的答案必须覆盖整段；句子式的答案只需接得上前后两句。用“覆盖整段”的标准去做句子式，会选出那些“意思对但位置不对”的选项——这是学生最常见也最难自查的错误。 2.3 段首题·段中题·段尾题 空在段落中的位置，决定了你要往哪个方向看。 这是本讲义最实用的一条判断，也是训练时必须每题都做的动作。 空位类型 判断信号 解题抓手 真题例证 段首题 （空在段首） 空后第一句就是 该段的主体内容， 空在段首且后面跟着 成段的具体论述 总起／引出下文。 ① 看空后第一句讲什么， 空就要“引出”它； ② 多为概念句、过渡句、 或小标题本身； ③ 常用标志： So／● 小标题 福建卷第 13 空： 空后是“音乐能创造连接感， 让你有归属感”， 故空应点明本段主题 “与人建立连接是基本需求”→ B 段中题 （空在段中） 空前后都有完整句子， 且空所在的句子 在补充、解释或举例 衔接与逻辑。 ① 圈出选项的举例／连接词； ② 判断空缺处的逻辑角色 （因果？举例？）； ③ 看空前后两句的 逻辑关系 福建卷第 15 空： 上文讲“把传统与习俗 同音乐联系起来”， 空以 For example 举例， 引出“民乐唤起传统习俗”→ E 段尾题 （空在段尾） 空在段落最后， 其后没有内容， 或紧接着是下一段 总结／升华／引出下文。 ① 看空前面那段 讲了什么，空要收束它； ② 常见形式： So／Therefore／小结句； ③ 小标题式的段尾 往往是该段的结论句 福建卷第 11 空： 在引言段末， 前文讲“与家人一起演奏音乐很有趣”， 空以 So 引出下文三大好处 → D 福建卷第 12 空： 段末总结“犯错是学习新技能的一部分”→ C ★ 三类空位的一句话总纲 段首题：往后看。 看空后的内容，空要把它“引出来”。 段中题：两头看。 看空前讲了什么、空后讲了什么，中间缺的是什么“关系”。 段尾题：往前看。 看空前那段讲了什么，空要把它“收起来”。 补充第四条：段首题最容易，因为选项往往是现成的小标题；段尾题次之，因为空前的段落就在眼前；段中题最难，因为要同时处理前后两个方向的关系。 湖南卷 13—15 三空均为段首小标题，是段首题最纯粹的真题样本；福建卷 11—15 则一段之内段首、段中、段尾、小标题四种空位齐全。 2.4 六类衔接信号 判断“哪句话接得上”，靠的是线索。列出四类衔接信号（按学考真题中出现频率排序），并配上来自学考真题的真实例证。 信号 长什么样 指向 真题例证 同义替换 选项用词与原文 不一样但意思相同 概括匹配—— 小标题式必备： stay organized ← keep your spaces tidy 2025 湖南卷第 14 空： 选项 Try to stay organized 对应原文“保持空间整洁、 用计划表保持条理” 复现词 同一词（如 mistakes） 在选项与原文中 反复出现 话题一致—— 选项里出现的原文词， 往往就是该段的主题词 2025 福建卷第 12 空： 上文讲“犯错没关系”， 选项 Making mistakes … 与原文 mistakes 复现 → C 小标题呼应 选项与段落小标题 直接对应 主题一致—— 选项须与所在段 小标题同线 2025 福建卷第 13、14 空： B 项“建立连接”呼应小标题 Making connections； A 项“传承传统”呼应 该段小标题 举例／因果标志词 For example／So／ Therefore／because 逻辑方向—— 举例、总结、因果 2025 福建卷第 15 空： For example 引出具体例子 → 锁定 E； 第 11 空 So 收束上文、 开启下文 → D ★ 使用这四类信号的操作顺序（不要一次找齐） 第一步：先看空的位置。 段首／段中／段尾？——这决定你“看哪边”。 第二步：只找最强的那一个信号。 同义替换 > 复现词 > 小标题呼应 > 举例／因果——优先级是经验值，不要一次找四个信号，那样会自己把自己绕晕。 第三步：用排除法缩小范围。 把与空位逻辑角色不符的选项先划掉，通常三步之内就能锁定唯一答案。 特别提醒：同一个选项里往往有多个信号同时指向，这叫“强证据”；如果两个选项都能被你找到支持，说明你还没把段落逻辑读透，回到第一步重来。 2.5 四类高频干扰项的识别 排除能力是这一题型真正拉开差距的地方。把四类高频干扰项拆开，每一类都配上来自学考真题的真实例证。 干扰类型 典型表现 真题例证 识别与排除 同义词面陷阱 选项里有原文出现过的词，但只对应文中一句 2025 湖南卷第 15 空 干扰项 D（Get plenty of vitamins B and D）—— 原文确有 vitamin-rich，但该项不覆盖“均衡饮食” 小标题必须覆盖整段；只沾边不全面 → 是干扰项 多余项（话题偏离） 选项内容本身正确， 但不属于这一段 2025 湖南卷第 15 空 的多余项 D—— 讲“维生素”， 整段讲的是“均衡饮食” “放到别处也通、 但本段不谈它” 是多余项的典型特征 因果／逻辑错位 把“原因”和“结果”、 “举例”和“结论” 位置调换 2025 福建卷第 15 空： 上文是“泛论传统与音乐”， 故空必须是举例（E）， 若选成结论句则错位 看到 For example／ So，空的逻辑角色 就定了，不可颠倒 ★ 讲评时的三个提问（比讲答案更有用） 提问一：“这个选项如果填进去，本段多说了什么？” 答不上来 → 多余项。 提问二：“如果这一空不存在，读者会不会觉得缺了什么？” 不会 → 说明这个空可有可无，是错项。 提问三：“你填的这个，和全文标题／小标题是一条线吗？” 不在一条线上 → 即使局部通顺，也是错项。 这三个提问正好对应语篇还原的三条判断标准：信息增量、必要性、全局一致。 考点一：段首题（总结句；小标题） 例1. (2025年湖南市普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) How to Keep Your Memory Healthy Struggling to recall a memory that feels just out of reach can be frustrating, inconvenient and, at times, embarrassing. Thankfully, there are ways to help boost your memory and keep your recall sharp. Besides getting a good night’s sleep and reading a book, the following three might also be better tips for you. 13 It might seem surprising, but one of the best ways to keep your brain active is to keep your body in motion. Exercise improves blood flow to the brain, helping to keep your brain cells healthy and happy. Studies show that as little as 15 minutes of exercise can lead to observable improvements in cognition (认知) and memory. Regular exercise — between 75 and 150 minutes per week — has been tied to improved memory function in adults. 14 Mess, both physical and mental, can negatively impact your ability to remember things. If you keep your working and living spaces tidy, it’s easier to remember where you set your phone, keys, or wallet. Similarly, a planner can help keep you mentally organized, making it easier to remember appointments, tasks, and other responsibilities. 15 Your diet can impact many aspects of your life, including your neurological function. Nutritious, vitamin-rich (富含维生素的) foods, such as fresh fruit and vegetables, can give your brain the fuel it needs to keep functioning as it should. A．Try to stay organized.          B．Stay physically active. C． Eat a well-balanced diet.          D．Get plenty of vitamins B and D． 【答案】13．B 14．A 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了保持记忆力健康的方法，包括保持身体活跃、有序和均衡饮食。 13．由下文“It might seem surprising, but one of the best ways to keep your brain active is to keep your body in motion. Exercise improves blood flow to the brain, helping to keep your brain cells healthy and happy. Studies show that as little as 15 minutes of exercise can lead to observable improvements in cognition (认知) and memory. Regular exercise — between 75 — 150 minutes per week — has been tied to improved memory function in adults.(这似乎令人惊讶，但保持大脑活跃的最佳方法之一就是让身体动起来。运动可以促进大脑的血液流动，有助于保持脑细胞的健康和良好状态。研究表明，仅仅15分钟的锻炼就能显著改善认知和记忆能力。每周进行75至150分钟的规律锻炼，已被证实可以改善成年人的记忆功能。)”可知，本段主要介绍了身体运动对记忆力的积极作用，本空应概括这一主题。B选项“Stay physically active.(保持身体活跃。)”是对该段内容的概括，符合题意。故选B。 14．由下文“Mess, both physical and mental, can negatively impact your ability to remember things. If you keep your working and living spaces tidy, it’s easier to remember where you set your phone, keys, or wallet. Similarly, a planner can help keep you mentally organized, making it easier to remember appointments, tasks, and other responsibilities.(无论是身体上的还是精神上的杂乱无章，都会对你记忆事物的能力产生负面影响。如果你保持工作和生活空间的整洁，就更容易记住手机、钥匙或钱包放在哪里。同样，使用计划表可以帮助你保持精神上的条理，让你更容易记住约会、任务和其他责任。)”可知，本段主要介绍了通过整洁和规划实现有序，进而保护记忆力，本空应概括这一主题。A选项“Try to stay organized.(尽量保持有序。)”是对该段内容的概括，符合题意。故选A。 15．由下文“Your diet can impact many aspects of your life, including your neurological function. Nutritious, vitamin-rich (富含维生素的) foods, such as fresh fruit and vegetables, can give your brain the fuel it needs to keep functioning as it should.(你的饮食会影响你生活的许多方面，包括你的神经功能。营养丰富、富含维生素的食物，如新鲜水果和蔬菜，可以为你的大脑提供所需的能量，使其保持正常运转。)”可知，本段主要介绍了健康饮食对记忆力的重要性，本空应概括这一主题。C选项“Eat a well-balanced diet.(保持均衡饮食。)”是对该段内容的概括，符合题意。故选C。 What can we do to keep healthy? Here are some tips.(小建议) 1 If you want to be healthy, you should (应该) eat more healthy food, such as vegetables and fruit. You should also drink 500 ml milk every day. 2 Doing exercise is another way to keep you healthy. So you should do some sports after class. Doing sports can make you strong. You’ll have a good figure (身材) if you do enough exercise. 3 Smile (微笑) is the best way to make you healthy. Try to find the things that make you laugh and you’ll be happy every day. You should be optimistic (乐观) about life. 4 Don’t stay up! Students should go to bed before 10 o’clock. If you want to have a good grade (成绩), you must have a good rest. There’s a famous saying, “ 5 ” It tells us enough time of rest is important. A．Enough smiles. B．Enough exercise. C．Enough healthy food. D．Enough time of rest (休息). E．Remember smile is the best medicine to cure (治疗) your illness. F．Eating chocolate is healthy. G．Early to bed and early to rise makes a person healthy. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．G 【导语】本文围绕保持健康给出饮食、运动、心态、作息四方面实用小建议。 【详解】1．根据下文“If you want to be healthy, you should (应该) eat more healthy food, such as vegetables and fruit.(如果你想要健康，你应该多吃健康的食物，比如蔬菜和水果)”可知，这部分讲的是健康饮食，选项C“充足的健康食物”符合题意。 2．根据下文“Doing exercise is another way to keep you healthy. So you should do some sports after class.(做运动是另一种保持健康的方法。所以你应该在课后做一些运动)”可知，这部分讲的是运动锻炼，选项B“充足的锻炼”符合题意。 3．根据下文“Smile (微笑) is the best way to make you healthy. Try to find the things that make you laugh and you’ll be happy every day.(微笑是使你健康的最好方法。试着去找那些能让你笑的事情，这样你每天都会很开心)”可知，这部分讲的是微笑，选项A“充足的微笑”符合题意。 4．根据下文“Don’t stay up! Students should go to bed before 10 o’clock.(别熬夜了！学生们应该在10点之前上床睡觉)”可知，这里是强调休息的重要性，选项D“足够的休息时间”符合题意。 5．根据上文“Don’t stay up! Students should go to bed before 10 o’clock. If you want to have a good grade (成绩), you must have a good rest.(别熬夜了！学生们应该在10点之前上床睡觉。如果你想取得好成绩，你必须好好休息)”可知，这部分讲的是休息，选项G“早睡早起使人健康”符合题意，下文it指代选项陈述的内容。 考点二 ：段中题（逻辑关系） 例1. (2026年广东省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) Have you ever set a goal for yourself, like getting fit, making honor roll, or being picked for a team? Like lots of people, maybe you started out doing great, but then lost some of that drive and had trouble getting motivated again. 16 It all comes down to good planning, realistic expectations, and a stick-to-it attitude. Here’s what you need to do: First, know your goal. Start by writing down your major goal. For example, “I want to make honor roll”, or “I want to get fit enough to make the cross-country team,” or even, “I want to play in the Olympics” are all major goals because they’re the final thing the goal setter wants to see happen. 17 That’s how people get things done. You just have to remember that the bigger the goal, the more work it takes to get there. Make it specific. It’s easier to plan for and master a specific goal than an unclear one. 18 That’s pretty unclear. Make it specific by defining what you want to achieve, why you want to get fit, and by when. This helps you make a plan to reach your goal. 19 People often abandon their goals because their expectations are unreasonable. Part of staying motivated is being realistic about what you can achieve within the timeframe you’ve planned. Competing on the Olympic ski team is a workable goal if you are 15 and already a star skier. But if you’re 18 and only just taking your first lesson, time isn’t exactly on your side. Break it down. Making any change takes self-discipline. You need to pay constant attention so you don’t get sidetracked. 20 For example, let’s say you want to run a marathon. If it’s February and the marathon is in August, that’s a realistic timeframe to prepare. Start by planning to run 2 miles and work up gradually to the distance you need. A．Make it realistic. B．It’s OK to dream big. C．One way to make this easier is to break a big goal into small steps. D．Let’s say your goal is to get fit. E．So how do you stay motivated and on track with your goal? 【答案】16．E 17．B 18．D 19．A 20．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述如何保持动力并朝着目标前进。 16．前文“Like lots of people, may be you started out doing great, but then lost some of that drive and had trouble getting motivated again. (像很多人一样，也许你一开始做得很好，但后来失去了一些动力，很难再次获得动力.)”描述“人们设定目标后容易失去动力”的现象，后文“It all comes down to good planning, realistic expectations, and a stick-to-it attitude. (这一切都归结为良好的计划。现实的期望和坚持的态度.)”提出解决方法（好计划、现实预期等。），E项“那么，你是如何保持动力并朝着目标前进的呢？”是承上启下的关键问句，引出下文的解决方案，故选E。 17．前文“For example, “I want to make honor roll”, or “I want to get fit enough to make the cross-country team,” or even, “I want to play in the Olympics” are all major goals because they’re the final thing the goal setter wants to see happen. (例如，“我想上荣誉榜”，或者“我想变得足够健康，可以参加越野队”，甚至“我想参加奥运会”都是主要目标，因为它们是目标设定者最希望看到的事情。)”列举“进荣誉榜、参加奥运会”等宏大目标，后文“That’s how people get things done. You just have to remember that the bigger the goal, the more work it takes to get there. (这就是人们做事的方式。你只需要记住，目标越大，需要付出的努力就越多。)”强调“目标越大，付出越多”。选项B“有远大的梦想是可以的。”与前文举例呼应，且“dream big”对应“Olympics”等大目标，后文补充说明实现难度。故选B。 18．前文“Make it specific. It’s easier to plan for and master a specific goal than an unclear one. (具体一点。制定和掌握一个明确的目标比制定一个不明确的目标更容易。)”提出“目标需具体化”，后文“That’s pretty unclear. Make it specific by defining what you want to achieve, why you want to get fit, and by when. This helps you make a plan to reach your goal. (这很不清楚。明确你想要达到的目标，为什么要健身，以及什么时候要健身。这有助于你制定一个计划来实现你的目标。)”批评“这不够清晰”并举例修正，故空处应是提及一个不够具体的目标，选项D“假设你的目标是健身。”符合语境，引出后文对“模糊目标”的批评，D项中“get fit”和后文“get fit”呼应。故选D。 19．后文“People often abandon their goals because their expectations are unreasonable. Part of staying motivated is being realistic about what you can achieve within the timeframe you’ve planned. Competing on the Olympic ski team is a workable goal if you are 15 and already a star skier. But if you’re 18 and only just taking your first lesson, time isn’t exactly on your side. (人们常常因为期望过高而放弃目标。保持动力的一部分是对你在计划的时间框架内所能取得的成就保持现实的态度。如果你15岁，已经是一名滑雪明星，参加奥运会滑雪队是一个可行的目标。但如果你才18岁，刚刚开始上第一节课，时间就不太对你有利了。)”分析“因预期不现实而放弃目标”，并对比“15岁滑雪明星”与“18岁新手”的可行性。选项A“让目标符合现实。”是段落核心论点，后文用例子证明其重要性。故选A。 20．本段主题句“Break it down. (把它分解。)”强调“分解目标”，后文“For example, let’s say you want to run a marathon. If it’s February and the marathon is in August, that’s a realistic timeframe to prepare. Start by planning to run 2 miles and work up gradually to the distance you need. (例如，假设你想跑马拉松。如果是在2月，而马拉松在8月，这是一个现实的准备时间框架。从计划跑2英里开始，逐渐增加到你需要的距离。)”以“马拉松训练”为例说明分阶段准备。选项C“有一种方法可以让这个目标更容易实现，那就是把一个大目标分解成一个个小步骤。”与本段主题一致，且后文“从2英里逐渐增加”直接例证该观点。故选C。 Paper‑cutting counts as a shining treasure belonging to Chinese folk art. 1 Folk craftsmen use scissors or carving knives to turn red paper into various attractive decorative patterns. Back in ancient times, this folk art already carried rich symbolic meanings. The character “Xi” stands for happy marriage at weddings. Fish patterns represent surplus and wealth. People paste those art pieces on windows and doors for important traditional festivals. In ancient times, large numbers of women learned paper‑cutting skills within their own households. 2 Mothers would show daughters basic cutting skills in their spare time. 3 As a result, this folk art got passed down from generation to generation. Entering modern society, people explore new ways to spread this handicraft. Some schools launch paper‑cutting optional courses. Folk artists also exhibit their creative works across internet platforms. 4 Even though difficulties remain, with joint efforts from all sides, this age‑old folk art will keep shining brightly in modern society. 5 More young people begin to know and love this traditional handicraft. Local communities also organize different kinds of hand‑craft activities. A．It owns a history of over 1500 years. B．Family was the main place for skill learning at that time. C．Family members often practiced paper‑cutting together. D．Modern new forms contribute to spreading this precious folk heritage. E．Positive influences can be seen among the younger generation. F．Paper‑cutting should no longer be shown on online platforms. G．Paper-cutting can only be made by elderly artists. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．E 【导语】本文主要介绍中国民间艺术剪纸，介绍其历史、象征寓意、古代家庭传承模式，以及当代利用学校、网络进行传播带来的良好发展。 【详解】1．上文“Paper‑cutting counts as a shining treasure belonging to Chinese folk art. (剪纸是中国民间艺术的瑰宝)”对剪纸进行总定性介绍，及下文“Folk craftsmen use scissors or carving knives to turn red paper into various attractive decorative patterns. (民间手艺人用剪刀或刻刀把红纸做成各式各样精美的装饰图案)”介绍剪纸的制作工具与成品样式。A选项“它拥有1500多年的历史”承接上文引出剪纸的基础背景信息，引出下文对剪纸工艺的介绍，符合语境。 2．上文“In ancient times, large numbers of women learned paper‑cutting skills within their own households. (在古代，大量女性在自己家中学习剪纸技艺)”点明古代女性在家学习剪纸，及下文“Mothers would show daughters basic cutting skills in their spare time. (母亲会在闲暇时间教女儿基础的剪纸技艺)”讲述母亲传授女儿剪纸技艺的家庭场景。C选项“家庭成员常常一起练习剪纸”承接上文在家学艺，引出下文母亲教授的具体家庭场景，符合语境。 3．上文“Mothers would show daughters basic cutting skills in their spare time.(母亲会在闲暇时间教女儿基础的剪纸技艺)”讲述家中母亲教授剪纸，及下文“As a result, this folk art got passed down from generation to generation. (结果，这项民间艺术代代相传)”给出技艺得以传承的结果。B选项“在那个时代，家庭是技艺学习的主要场所”对上文家庭教学现象进行总结，为下文得出代代相传的结果做逻辑铺垫，符合语境。 4．上文“Entering modern society, people explore new ways to spread this handicraft. Some schools launch paper‑cutting optional courses. Folk artists also exhibit their creative works across internet platforms. (步入现代社会，人们探索传播这门手艺的新方式。一些学校开设剪纸选修课，民间艺术家也在网络平台展示原创作品)”列举学校开设选修课、民间艺术家在网络平台展示作品等现代传播剪纸的新途径，D选项“现代新形式有助于传播这份珍贵的民间遗产”承接上文内容，点明新传播方式的作用，符合语境。 5．上文“Even though difficulties remain, with joint efforts from all sides, this age‑old folk art will keep shining brightly in modern society. (尽管仍存在困难，但在各方共同努力下，这项古老民间艺术会在现代社会持续焕发光彩)”总述剪纸的光明发展前景，及下文“More young people begin to know and love this traditional handicraft. Local communities also organize different kinds of hand‑craft activities. (更多年轻人开始了解、喜爱这项传统手工艺。当地社区也组织各类手工活动)”列举具体的良好社会现象。E选项“在年轻一代当中可以看到积极的影响”接上文前景表述，衔接下文年轻人相关的具体表现，符合语境。 考点三 ：段尾题（总结；逻辑关系） 例1. (2025年陕西省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) How to Use a Public Computer—Safety Tips There are times when you may want to use a public computer, for example, in an Internet cafe, a library or at an airport. That’s when it is especially important to be smart and safe. 16 Don’t save! When you want to log into(登录) a social networking website or your web mail, the system will ask you, “Do you want to save this password?” Don’t click ‘Yes’ on a public computer. 17 A．Log out! B．Watch out! C．However, your personal account will be at risk. D．you should create a new password on the computer. E．you should close all the windows on the computer first. F．Read on to find how you can use a public computer safely. G．Otherwise, other users can probably log into your personal account. 【答案】16．F 17．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了使用公共电脑时的安全提示，包括不保存密码、退出登录、关闭窗口以及留意周围人等，旨在帮助读者在使用公共电脑时保障个人信息安全。 16．根据上文“There are times when you may want to use a public computer, for example, in an Internet cafe, a library or at an airport. That’s when it is especially important to be smart and safe.(有时你可能想使用公共电脑，例如在网吧、图书馆或机场。在这种时候，明智和安全就显得尤为重要)” 可知，空处承接前文且引出后文关于安全使用公共电脑的具体提示内容。F选项“继续阅读，了解如何安全使用公共电脑” 符合语境，故选F。 17．根据上文“the system will ask you, “Do you want to save this password?” Don’t click ‘Yes’ on a public computer.(系统会问你,“你想保存这个密码吗？”在公共电脑上不要点击‘是’。）” 可知，解释不要点击 “是” 的原因。G选项“否则，其他用户可能会登录你的个人账户” 符合语境，故选G。 例2. (2025年云南省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) How to Exercise Your Brain Whether you’re trying to get your brain back into shape or you just want to keep it as strong as it is now, there are some things you can do to exercise your brain. 16 Read as much as you can. …. Increase your vocabulary. …. Learn a new language. … ........ A．Join an interest group. B．Here are some tips to help you. C．Learn to play a musical instrument. D．It will improve your social connections. E．This exercises the language part of your brain. F．Like any exercise, start small and work your way up. G．It’s a great way to keep learning new things and challenging your brain. 【答案】16．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了锻炼大脑的四种方法，包括多阅读、增加词汇量、学习新语言和学习乐器，助力保持大脑活力。 16．根据前文“Whether you’re trying to get your brain back into shape or you just want to keep it as strong as it is now, there are some things you can do to exercise your brain.(无论你是想让大脑恢复状态，还是只想保持现在的强健，都有一些方法可以锻炼你的大脑。)”和后文列出的具体锻炼方法可知，此空应引出下文的具体技巧，B选项“Here are some tips to help you.(这里有一些技巧可以帮助你。)”中的“some tips”指代后文的阅读、学词汇等方法，起到承上启下的作用，符合语境。故选B项。 Running is a great way to stay healthy, but beginners need to keep some useful tips in mind. If you do it in a right way, you will enjoy running and stay away from injuries. 1 Choose a pair of good running shoes. You do not need expensive ones, but they must fit your feet well. Bad shoes are one of the main reasons for foot pain. 2 Start slowly. Do not try to run a long distance in your first week. The walk‑run method works well for new runners. You can mix walking and jogging. 3 Never skip warm‑up and cool‑down. Warm‑up makes your blood flow faster and prepares your muscles. After running, cool‑down exercises relax your body. 4 Listen to your body. Feeling tired is normal, but sharp pain is a warning signal. 5 Stop running and take a rest if you feel hurt. A．Do not push yourself through serious pain. B．Here is some practical advice for you. C．This helps your body get used to running little by little. D．You should buy the most expensive running shoes. E．These two steps greatly lower the risk of getting hurt. F．You can run for an hour without any break at first. G．Comfortable‑fitting shoes can prevent foot pain. 【答案】1．B 2．G 3．C 4．E 5．A 【导语】主要介绍跑步有益于身体健康，向跑步初学者提供实用建议，帮助他们远离运动伤害。 【详解】1．根据空前的“Running is a great way to stay healthy, but beginners need to keep some useful tips in mind. If you do it in a right way, you will enjoy running and stay away from injuries.(跑步是保持健康的好方法，但初学者需要记住一些有用的建议。如果你方法得当，你就会享受跑步并且远离伤害。)”可知，文章开篇点明跑步的好处，同时提到初学者要记住一些有用建议，下文分段列举多条具体跑步注意事项，因此此空应起到承上启下的过渡作用，引出下文的各项建议。B选项“Here is some practical advice for you(这里有一些给你的实用建议)”中的some practical advice对应上文出现的some useful tips，自然引出下文各个段落的具体建议，符合语境。 2．根据空前的“Choose a pair of good running shoes. You do not need expensive ones, but they must fit your feet well. Bad shoes are one of the main reasons for foot pain.(选一双好的跑鞋。你不需要昂贵的鞋子，但是它们必须合脚。劣质鞋子是脚部疼痛的主要原因之一。)”可知，这一段的主题是挑选跑鞋，原文强调跑鞋不必昂贵但一定要合脚，还说明了劣质鞋子会造成脚部疼痛。G选项“Comfortable‑fitting shoes can prevent foot pain(合脚舒适的鞋子能够预防脚部疼痛)”与上文“Bad shoes are one of the main reasons for foot pain”形成正反对照，劣质鞋引发脚痛，合脚鞋预防脚痛，语义前后紧密呼应，符合语境。 3．根据空前的“Start slowly. Do not try to run a long distance in your first week. The walk‑run method works well for new runners. You can mix walking and jogging.(慢慢来。不要在第一周就尝试长距离跑步。走跑结合法对新手很有效。你可以把走路和慢跑结合起来。)”可知，本段主旨为新手跑步要循序渐进，介绍了适合新手的走跑结合的训练方式，空格处需要说明这种训练方式带来的具体效果。C选项“This helps your body get used to running little by little(这帮助你的身体一点点适应跑步)”中的指示代词This指代上文中mix walking and jogging这种走跑结合的训练方法，解释该方法的作用，符合语境。 4．根据空前的“Never skip warm‑up and cool‑down. Warm‑up makes your blood flow faster and prepares your muscles. After running, cool‑down exercises relax your body.(千万不要跳过热身和放松整理。热身加快血液流动，让肌肉做好准备。跑步结束后，放松运动让身体放松。)”可知，本段介绍热身和跑完后的放松整理两个环节，分别阐述了热身、放松运动各自对身体起到的作用，空格处需要对这两个步骤进行概括总结。E选项“These two steps greatly lower the risk of getting hurt(这两个步骤能大幅降低受伤风险)”中的These two steps精准指代上文的warm‑up与cool‑down，总结两项运动流程的意义，符合语境。 5．根据空前的“Listen to your body. Feeling tired is normal, but sharp pain is a warning signal.(倾听你的身体感受。感到疲惫很正常，但剧烈疼痛是一个警告信号。)”以及空后的“Stop running and take a rest if you feel hurt.(如果你感觉疼痛，停止跑步并且休息。)”可知，本段主题是留意身体发出的信号，区分疲惫和疼痛，疼痛代表危险，后文又提出受伤就要停下休息。A选项“Do not push yourself through serious pain(不要强忍剧烈疼痛坚持运动)”承接上文sharp pain is a warning signal这一警告信息，同时和后文停止跑步休息的建议逻辑连贯，说明对待疼痛的正确态度，符合语境。 A Why Do We Need Holidays? For most students, holidays are one of the most exciting parts of a year. We can stay away from busy schoolwork for some time. 1 There are several main reasons why holidays are important for us. First, holidays give us time to relax ourselves. During school days, we are busy with lessons and homework every day. 2 We can slow down and rest both our body and mind. Second, holidays are a great chances for family time. Many parents are too busy with their work on weekdays. 3 They can go travelling, cook nice food or just chat together at home. Third, holiday experiences open our eyes. 4 When we travel to new places, we see different scenery, meet new people and learn things we cannot get from textbooks. 5 We should make good plans and make our holidays meaningful. A．Holidays help us stay away from pressure for a while. B．So holidays bring them chances to stay with their kids. C．We can learn nothing new during our holidays. D．However, we don't need any rest after long time study. E．Lots of people look forward to their holiday time. F．Travelling or local activities can bring us new knowledge. G．A good holiday does not mean wasting time all day long. 【答案】1．E 2．A 3．B 4．F 5．G 【导语】本文阐述假期的重要作用，告诉我们要合理规划，度过有意义的假期。 【详解】1．前文“For most students, holidays are one of the most exciting parts of a year. We can stay away from busy schoolwork for some time.(对大多数学生来说，假期是一年中最令人兴奋的时光之一。我们可以暂时远离繁重的课业。)”讲述学生很期待假期，E项“Lots of people look forward to their holiday time.(很多人都期待假期时光。)”承接上文，引出下文介绍假期重要的原因，符合语境。 2．前文“During school days, we are busy with lessons and homework every day.(上学的时候，我们每天都忙于上课和写作业。)”讲平日学业繁忙，后文“We can slow down and rest both our body and mind.(我们可以放慢节奏，让身心都得到休息。)”说明假期可以放松身心，A项“Holidays help us stay away from pressure for a while.(假期帮我们暂时摆脱压力。)”衔接上下文，契合本段放松自我的主题，符合语境。 3．前文“Many parents are too busy with their work on weekdays.(很多家长工作日忙于工作。)”讲家长平日缺少陪伴时间，后文“They can go travelling, cook nice food or just chat together at home.(他们可以去旅行、做美食或者在家闲聊。)”介绍假期亲子活动，B项“So holidays bring them chances to stay with their kids.(所以假期给了他们陪伴孩子的机会。)”中them指代前文parents，形成因果逻辑，符合语境。 4．后文“When we travel to new places, we see different scenery, meet new people and learn things we cannot get from textbooks.(去往新地方旅行，我们看见不一样的风景，认识新人，学到课本以外的知识。)”讲旅行可以收获新知、开阔眼界，F项“Travelling or local activities can bring us new knowledge.(旅行或是本地活动能带给我们新知识。)”契合本段主旨，引出后文内容，符合语境。 5．后文“We should make good plans and make our holidays meaningful.(我们应当做好规划，让假期富有意义。)”建议好好规划假期，不要虚度，G项“A good holiday does not mean wasting time all day long.(美好的假期不等于整天虚度光阴。)”引出下文建议，符合语境。 B High school can be one of the most exciting periods of your life — and one of the most confusing. You face new challenges, new freedoms, and new responsibilities. Here is some advice from older students on how to make these years count. 1 One of the biggest transitions in high school is managing your time. Unlike middle school, you’ll have more homework and less free time. A good approach is to use a planner or a digital calendar. Write down all your assignments, tests, and activities. This helps you plan ahead and avoid last-minute stress. 2 High school offers dozens of clubs, sports teams, and activities. You might want to try them all. That’s normal, but try to choose two or three that you genuinely enjoy. It’s better to be deeply involved in a few activities than to join everything and do nothing well. 3 The biggest factor in high school success isn’t your IQ — it’s your self-discipline. Spend a little time every day reviewing your lessons instead of cramming before exams. Ask for help early. Teachers are available during office hours. Don’t let pride get in the way. 4 It’s hard, but it’s important. Even if you feel stressed or overwhelmed, don’t isolate yourself. Talk to a friend, a family member, or a school counselor. Everyone has bad days in high school. The key is not letting a bad day turn into a bad month. 5 High school is only four years. It sounds like a long time, but it goes by quickly. Try to appreciate the time you have with your classmates and create memorable experiences. When you look back, you won’t remember every test — but you will remember laughing with friends, joining clubs, and trying new things. A．Don’t be afraid to ask for help. B．Stay on top of your schoolwork. C．Find your people. D．Use your time wisely. E．Don’t go through it alone. F．Choose a few activities, not all of them. G．Enjoy the journey. 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．B 4．E 5．G 【导语】本文介绍了一些充分利用高中生活的建议。 【详解】1．根据下文“One of the biggest transitions in high school is managing your time. (高中最大的转变之一是管理你的时间)”可知，本段的核心话题是高中的时间规划管理，D选项“明智地利用你的时间”符合段落主旨。 2．根据下文“High school offers dozens of clubs, sports teams, and activities. You might want to try them all. That’s normal, but try to choose two or three that you genuinely enjoy. It’s better to be deeply involved in a few activities than to join everything and do nothing well. (高中提供数十个俱乐部、运动队和活动。你可能想全部试试。这很正常，但尽量选择两到三个你真正喜欢的。深度参与少数几个活动，远好于加入所有活动却什么都做不好)”可知，本段建议参加活动不要贪多，只选择少量自己真正感兴趣的活动参与即可，F选项“选择少量活动，而不是全部”符合段落主旨。 3．根据下文“The biggest factor in high school success isn’t your IQ — it’s your self-discipline. Spend a little time every day reviewing your lessons instead of cramming before exams. (高中成功的最大因素不是智商，而是自律。每天花一点时间复习课程，不要考试前才临时抱佛脚)”可知，本段强调日常自律、主动跟进学业的重要性，B选项“掌握好你的功课进度”符合段落主旨。 4．根据下文“Even if you feel stressed or overwhelmed, don’t isolate yourself. Talk to a friend, a family member, or a school counselor.(即使你感到压力大、不堪重负，也不要封闭自己。可以和朋友、家人或是学校辅导员聊聊)”可知，本段建议不要独自一人承受负面情绪，主动求助沟通，E选项“不要独自撑过一切”符合段落主旨。 5．根据下文“Try to appreciate the time you have with your classmates and create memorable experiences. When you look back, you won’t remember every test — but you will remember laughing with friends, joining clubs, and trying new things.(试着珍惜你和同学们共度的时光，创造难忘的经历。当你回首往事，你不会记得每一场考试，但你会记得和朋友一起欢笑、参加社团、尝试新事物的回忆)”可知，本段呼吁大家享受高中的成长过程，G选项“享受这段旅程”符合段落主旨。 C How to develop good reading habits Reading can open new worlds and improve your vocabulary. However, many people find it hard to keep reading regularly. 1 Pick books you are truly interested in. If you force yourself to read a book you hate, you will give up quickly. Start with topics you love: sports, travel, history or novels. 2 Set a simple daily reading goal. You don’t need to finish one chapter every day. Even 10 minutes of reading counts. 3 Slowly reading will become your daily habit. Reduce distractions when reading. Put your phone in another room. Turn off TV and noisy music. Find a quiet corner. 4 Don’t fear quitting a book. If a book still bores you after reading 50 pages, give it up. There are millions of great books waiting for you. It is not a failure to stop reading one book. 5 A．Here are some useful tips. B．Good books are always hard to find. C．This helps you focus on your book. D．It is just a chance to try another one. E．A small goal is easier to stick to. F．You can borrow books from libraries for free. G．Good reading skills can help your study greatly. 【答案】1．A 2．F 3．E 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文介绍了培养良好阅读习惯的几条实用建议，包括选择感兴趣的书籍、设定简单的每日阅读目标、减少阅读干扰以及不必畏惧放弃不喜欢的书。 【详解】1．根据上文“However, many people find it hard to keep reading regularly.(然而，很多人发现很难坚持定期阅读。)”以及下文各段给出的具体方法可知，空格处需要起到承上启下、引出建议的作用。A选项“Here are some useful tips.(这里有一些实用的建议。)”符合语境。 2．根据上文“Start with topics you love: sports, travel, history or novels.(从你喜欢的主题开始：运动、旅行、历史或者小说。)”可知，本段围绕挑选自己感兴趣的书展开。F选项“You can borrow books from libraries for free.(你可以从图书馆免费借书。)”承接上文，说明获取这类书籍的途径。 3．根据上文“You don’t need to finish one chapter every day. Even 10 minutes of reading counts.(你不需要每天读完一个章节。哪怕十分钟阅读也算数。)”可知，本段讲设立每日简单阅读目标。E选项“A small goal is easier to stick to.(小目标更容易坚持。)”对上文内容进行总结。 4．根据上文“Put your phone in another room. Turn off TV and noisy music. Find a quiet corner.(把手机放到另一个房间，关掉电视和吵闹的音乐，找一个安静的角落。)”可知，本段介绍减少阅读时的干扰。C选项“This helps you focus on your book.(这会帮助你专注于书本。)”说明上述做法带来的结果。 5．根据上文“It is not a failure to stop reading one book.(放弃读一本书并不是失败。)”可知，空格处继续阐述放弃一本书的意义。D选项“It is just a chance to try another one.(这只是一个去尝试另一本书的机会。)”和上文语义衔接。 D Watching sports matches is great fun, but being a good spectator needs good manners. Good fans can make the match more enjoyable for everyone. 1 Learn the basic rules of the sport first. If you know little about the rules, you may get confused about what is happening on the field. You may even cheer at the wrong time. 2 Cheer for all players, not just your favourite team. 3 When the other team makes a wonderful move, you can also clap for them. This shows your respect for all competitors. Keep your voice and behaviour polite. Never shout rude words at players or referees. 4 If you bring snacks, do not drop rubbish everywhere. Accept the final result calmly. Every game has a winner and a loser. 5 Learn from the game and enjoy the wonderful moments, whatever the final score is. A．You can cheer loudly for your own team. B．Here is some advice to be a polite spectator. C．It helps you understand the match better. D．It is not wise to get angry when your team loses. E．You should push through crowds to get good seats. F．Taking photos with flash during matches is usually allowed. G．Never throw bottles or other things onto the sports field. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．G 5．D 【导语】文章主要介绍了观看体育比赛虽充满乐趣，但观众需要具备良好礼仪，并给出了成为文明观众的多条具体建议。 【详解】1．上文“Watching sports matches is great fun, but being a good spectator needs good manners. Good fans can make the match more enjoyable for everyone.(观看体育比赛很有趣，但做一名优秀的观众需要良好的礼仪。优秀的观众能让比赛对所有人来说都更愉快)”引出观看比赛需要文明礼仪的话题，B选项“Here is some advice to be a polite spectator.(以下是一些成为文明观众的建议)”承接上文，并引出后文多条具体礼仪建议。 2．上文“If you know little about the rules, you may get confused about what is happening on the field. You may even cheer at the wrong time.(如果你几乎不了解规则，你可能会看不懂场上的情况，甚至会在错误的时机欢呼)”介绍了不懂比赛规则的弊端，C选项“It helps you understand the match better.(它能帮助你更好地理解比赛)”承接本段首句学习比赛规则的建议，说明学习规则的好处。 3．上文“Cheer for all players, not just your favourite team.(为所有运动员欢呼，而不只是为你支持的队伍欢呼)”提出观赛礼仪，A选项“You can cheer loudly for your own team.(你可以为自己支持的队伍大声欢呼)”承接上文，先肯定为己方队伍欢呼的行为；下文“When the other team makes a wonderful move, you can also clap for them.(当对方队伍打出精彩表现时，你也可以为他们鼓掌)”进一步补充要尊重对手、为对手喝彩，前后衔接自然。 4．上文“Keep your voice and behaviour polite. Never shout rude words at players or referees.(保持言行文明，切勿对运动员和裁判辱骂喊叫)”介绍观赛的言行礼仪，G选项“Never throw bottles or other things onto the sports field.(切勿将瓶子或其他物品扔到赛场内)”承接上文，列举不文明行为的禁忌，贴合段落主旨。 5．上文“Accept the final result calmly. Every game has a winner and a loser.(坦然接受比赛结果，每场比赛都有胜负)”提出要平常心看待比赛输赢，D选项“It is not wise to get angry when your team loses.(自己支持的队伍落败时生气是不明智的)”承接上文观点，指出错误的做法；下文“Learn from the game and enjoy the wonderful moments, whatever the final score is.(无论比分如何，都从比赛中学习、享受精彩瞬间)”进一步升华段落主旨，上下文逻辑连贯。 E The arts, especially music, should be part of every school’s lessons at every grade level. 1 They could improve their classroom skills, like paying attention and following directions. 2 Making music also lets children use their imagination. It provides students with a chance to try out their own ideas. Music not only makes children better students, but also gives them something positive to do. In a music program, children can be part of a band. Parents can enjoy listening to their children’s music instead of seeing them addicted to (沉迷于) a computer or TV screen. 3 They can get along well with old friends and make new friends through music. 4 It gives children a sense of achievement and success. Making music is something for them to be proud of, and it lets kids practice performing in front of audiences. Music gives children an opportunity for self-expression, and that helps develop their self-confidence. Once again, music is important because it can make children better students, give them something positive to do, and build their characters. 5 A．Music builds self-confidence, too. B．Popular music singers make much money. C．In a school band, students get to be part of a team. D．People develop all these skills when they learn music. E．It was started by cowboys who would sing at night to the cows. F．Students would be much smarter if they had some musical experience. G．That is why music should be offered in every single grade in every school. 【答案】1．F 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．G 【导语】本文论述音乐应当纳入各学校各年级课程，介绍音乐对学生学习、社交与自信心的多重益处。 【详解】1．由上文“The arts, especially music, should be part of every school’s lessons at every grade level.(艺术，尤其是音乐，应当成为每所学校各个年级课程的一部分。)”以及下文“They could improve their classroom skills, like paying attention and following directions.(他们可以提升课堂能力，例如集中注意力、听从指令。)”可知，空格处引出音乐经历带给学生的好处。F项“Students would be much smarter if they had some musical experience.(如果学生拥有一些音乐经历，他们会聪明得多。)”符合语境，引出下文具体能力提升，有承上启下作用。 2．由上文“They could improve their classroom skills, like paying attention and following directions.(他们可以提升课堂能力，例如集中注意力、听从指令。)”以及下文“Making music also lets children use their imagination.(创作音乐也能让孩子们发挥想象力。)”可知，空格处说明这些能力都是学习音乐时培养出来的。D项“People develop all these skills when they learn music.(人们在学习音乐时培养所有这些能力。)”符合语境，“all these skills”指代上文课堂各项能力，有承上启下作用。 3．由上文“Parents can enjoy listening to their children’s music instead of seeing them addicted to (沉迷于) a computer or TV screen.(家长可以欣赏孩子演奏的音乐，而不是看着他们沉迷电脑或电视屏幕。)”以及下文“They can get along well with old friends and make new friends through music.(他们可以通过音乐和老朋友和睦相处，结交新朋友。)”可知，空格处和集体、团队交往相关。C项“In a school band, students get to be part of a team.(在学校乐队里，学生成为团队的一份子。)”符合语境，引出后文交友社交的内容，有承上启下作用。 4．由下文“It gives children a sense of achievement and success. Making music is something for them to be proud of, and it lets kids practice performing in front of audiences. Music gives children an opportunity for self-expression, and that helps develop their self-confidence.(它带给孩子成就感与获胜感。创作音乐是值得他们引以为傲的事，还能让孩子们练习在观众面前表演。音乐为孩子提供自我表达的机会，而这有助于培养他们的自信心。)”可知，本段围绕音乐培养自信心展开。A项“Music builds self‑confidence, too.(音乐也能塑造自信心。)”符合语境，为本段主题句，总领下文，有启下作用。 5．由上文“Once again, music is important because it can make children better students, give them something positive to do, and build their characters.(再次强调，音乐很重要，因为它可以让学生变得更优秀，给他们积极的事情去做，并且塑造他们的品格。)”可知，空格处对全文总结，呼应文章开头观点。G项“That is why music should be offered in every single grade in every school.(那就是每所学校每个年级都应当开设音乐课的原因。)”符合语境，That指代上文列举的音乐种种好处，有总结全文、首尾呼应作用。 F A healthy lifestyle is very important to us. It can not only keep us fit but also help us perform better in study. 1 To begin with, a proper diet is the base of good health. Make sure to have three meals a day. We should include a lot of fresh vegetables and fruit in our diet. 2 Instead of having a can of cola, we can choose a glass of fruit juice. Doing sports is necessary. We don’t have to do too much exercise for many hours. 3 For example, we can simply take a walk during breaks or just climb the stairs. They are very easy to do but very useful. Another key is getting enough sleep. Many of us stay up late to study. 4 We should have a regular sleep schedule and get 7 to 8 hours of sleep each night. A good night’s sleep will help us remember better and be ready for a new day. 5 We often face challenges and stress in our studies and life. It’s important to find ways to deal with stress, such as having a chat with our friends, listening to music or reading books. Keeping positive can help us overcome difficulties. All in all, with these healthy habits, we can get healthy and get the ability to study and grow. A．Pay attention to mental health. B．But it can influence our memory. C．Making more friends is also a good way. D．The simple ones can make a big difference. E．Try to take fewer drinks and less junk food. F．Here are some ways to keep a healthy lifestyle. G．Eating as much food as you want can make you happy. 【答案】1．F 2．E 3．D 4．B 5．A 【导语】主要介绍几种保持健康生活方式的方法，包含合理饮食、运动、充足睡眠以及调节心理压力四个方面的建议。 【详解】1．根据空前的“A healthy lifestyle is very important to us. It can not only keep us fit but also help us perform better in study.(健康的生活方式对我们十分重要。它不仅能让我们保持健康，还能帮助我们在学习中表现得更好。)”以及下文依次介绍饮食、运动、睡眠、调节压力等多条健康方法可知，空格处需要总起全文，引出下文各类健康生活的办法。F选项“Here are some ways to keep a healthy lifestyle.(这里有一些保持健康生活方式的方法)”起到总领下文分点建议的作用，前后语义衔接通顺，符合语境。 2．根据空前的“We should include a lot of fresh vegetables and fruit in our diet.(我们的饮食中应当包含大量新鲜蔬菜和水果。)”以及空后的“Instead of having a can of cola, we can choose a glass of fruit juice.(我们可以选择一杯果汁，而不是一罐可乐。)”可知，本段围绕健康饮食展开，后文举例拒绝碳酸饮料，空格处应补充少吃不健康饮品、垃圾食品的饮食建议。E选项“Try to take fewer drinks and less junk food.(尽量少喝饮料、少吃垃圾食品)”贴合本段饮食主题，和前后健康饮食建议形成完整逻辑，符合语境。 3．根据空前的“We don’t have to do too much exercise for many hours.(我们不必长时间进行过量运动。)”以及空后的“For example, we can simply take a walk during breaks or just climb the stairs.(举例来说，我们可以在课间散散步，或者只是爬爬楼梯。)”可知，后文列举简单易行的轻度运动，空格处需要说明简单运动也能起到良好效果。D选项“The simple ones can make a big difference.(简单的运动也能带来很大的作用)”中The simple ones指代后文散步、爬楼梯这类简易运动，承接前文不用大量运动的观点，引出举例内容，符合语境。 4．根据空前的“Many of us stay up late to study.(我们很多人为了学习熬夜。)”以及空后的“We should have a regular sleep schedule and get 7 to 8 hours of sleep each night.(我们应当保持规律作息，每晚保证7到8小时睡眠。)”可知，前文提出熬夜的不良习惯，后文提倡规律充足睡眠，空格处需要点明熬夜带来的负面影响。B选项“But it can influence our memory.(但它会影响我们的记忆力)”中it指代前文熬夜的行为，解释为何不能熬夜，引出后文保证睡眠的建议，符合语境。 5．分析语篇可知，此处为本段小标题，格式简洁，与前文饮食、运动、睡眠的分论点结构保持一致。根据空后的“We often face challenges and stress in our studies and life. It’s important to find ways to deal with stress, such as having a chat with our friends, listening to music or reading books.(我们在学习和生活中常会遇到难题与压力。找到排解压力的方法十分重要，例如和朋友聊天、听音乐、读书。)”可知，本段核心围绕压力调节、心态情绪展开。A选项“Pay attention to mental health.(关注心理健康)”精准概括本段调节压力、保持积极心态的核心内容，适合作本段小标题，符合语境。 一、阅读理解 A Campus ResourcesBookstore The bookstores supply required and recommended textbooks, reference materials, and college sportswear. You can buy or rent textbooks. Access more details about the bookstore on My Macomb. Locations: South Campus K Building 586.445.7385 Center Campus P Building 586.286.2093 Library Macomb Community College’s Library collections contain print and multimedia materials covering a wide range of topics. Each campus library features resources in the program areas offered at that location. Center Campus focuses on Nursing, Public Safety, and Early Childhood Education. The South Campus Library highlights Applied Technology, Media and Communication Arts, and Engineering Technology. Locations: South Campus J Building 586.445.7401 Center Campus C Building 586.286.2104 College Success Skills-CSSK-1200 CSSK is a three-credit-hour course that is open to all students. You will learn what it takes to be a successful college student, explore campus resources, and connect with other students. You will also learn goal setting, study strategies, time management and educational planning. Career (职业) Development and Decision Making-LIFE-1010 LIFE is a three-credit-hour course. It will guide you to explore your interests, personality and values as they’re late to the world of work. This course is suggested if you are undecided on a job path, or have ideas about what you want to do but are unsure how to get there. In this class you will tour companies and talk to professionals in different industries. 1．Where can you get multimedia materials in Engineering Technology? A．South Campus K Building    586.445.7385 B．Center Campus P Building    586.286.2093 C．South Campus J Building    586.445.7401 D．Center Campus C Building    586.286.2104 2．Why is the course LIFE established? A．To guide students to explore campus resources. B．To inspire students to develop research interests. C．To encourage students to set educational plans. D．To help students make suitable career choices. 3．Where is this text probably taken from? A．A course plan. B．A student guide. C．An academic article. D．A college newspaper. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了书店、图书馆和两门课程等校园资源。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据Library部分中“The South Campus Library highlights Applied Technology, Media and Communication Arts, and Engineering Technology. Locations: South Campus J Building 586.445.7401 (南校区图书馆以应用技术、媒体与传播艺术和工程技术为重点。地点：南校区J楼586.445.7401)”可知，在南校区J楼586.445.7401，可以找到工程技术的多媒体材料。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据Career (职业) Development and Decision Making-LIFE-1010部分中“This course is suggested if you are undecided on a job path, or have ideas about what you want to do but are unsure how to get there. In this class you will tour companies and talk to professionals in different industries. (如果你在职业道路上犹豫不决，或者对自己想做什么有想法，但不确定如何实现，那么建议你选择这门课程。在这门课上，你将参观公司，并与不同行业的专业人士交谈。)”可知，开设LIFE课程的目的是帮助学生做出合适的职业选择。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。通读全文，根据文章标题“Campus Resources (校园资源)”以及下面的小标题“Bookstore (书店)”和“Library (图书馆)”和“College Success Skills-CSSK-1200 (大学成功技能-CSSK-1200)”以及“Career (职业) Development and Decision Making-LIFE-1010 (职业发展与决策-LIFE-1010)”可知，这段文字可能来自学生指南。故选B项。 B In June, 11-year-old JoJo Zager organized a 10-day donation drive for Michigan’s Community Food Bank of Macomb County, planning to collect 10, 000 pounds of food. Worried about funding cuts affecting the area, he first visited the food bank to learn about its work and how he could help. JoJo then took action: he set up drop-off boxes at nearby libraries and made leaflets, and his mom helped share information online. A local newspaper also covered the event, spreading the word widely. Donation boxes filled up with nonperishable (不易变质的) foods, such as cereal and canned goods. JoJo and his mother took them to the food bank every other day. Food insecurity is a serious and widespread challenge in the United States. The food bank supported 50 local pantries (救济食品室) and helped 400, 000 people in the community last year. Though JoJo fell short of his 10, 000-pound goal — collecting 6, 000 pounds — he felt proud. The food bank’s program manager praised him for putting the food bank on the map — many people didn’t know about it before. JoJo realized that even small efforts could make a big difference to those in need. JoJo isn’t stopping here. He plans to hold another food drive next March. 4．What was the result of the joint effort to spread JoJo’s action? A．Donations poured in. B．JoJo earned his first paycheck. C．Nearby libraries became popular. D．The community no longer faced hunger. 5．How many pounds of food did JoJo still need to reach the goal? A．400, 000. B．16, 000. C．10, 000. D．4, 000. 6．What did the program manager praise JoJo for? A．Donating the most food. B．Selling food at a low price. C．Raising funds for the food bank. D．Helping more people learn about the food bank. 7．What will JoJo do next? A．Build a food bank. B．Organize a food drive again. C．Contact hungry people directly. D．Sell more drop-off boxes. 【答案】4．A 5．D 6．D 7．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了11岁男孩JoJo为社区食物银行组织募捐活动并取得成效的故事。 【详解】4．细节理解题。 根据第二段中“A local newspaper also covered the event, spreading the word widely. Donation boxes filled up with nonperishable (不易变质的) foods, such as cereal and canned goods.(当地一家报纸也报道了这一活动，广泛传播了这个消息。捐赠箱里装满了不易变质的食物，如谷物和罐头食品)”可知，多方共同努力宣传JoJo的募捐活动后，捐赠大量涌入。故选A。 5．细节理解题。 根据第一段中“In June, 11-year-old JoJo Zager organized a 10-day donation drive for Michigan’s Community Food Bank of Macomb County, planning to collect 10, 000 pounds of food.(6月，11岁的JoJo Zager为密歇根州马科姆县社区食品银行组织了为期10天的捐赠活动，计划收集1万磅的食物)”和第四段中“Though JoJo fell short of his 10, 000-pound goal — collecting 6, 000 pounds — he felt proud.(尽管JoJo没有达到他10000磅的目标——收集6000磅——但他感到很自豪)”可知，JoJo离目标还差4000磅。故选D。 6．细节理解题。 根据第四段中“The food bank’s program manager praised him for putting the food bank on the map — many people didn’t know about it before.(食物银行的项目经理称赞他让食物银行声名远扬——以前很多人都不知道它)”可知，项目经理表扬JoJo让更多人了解了食物银行。故选D。 7．细节理解题。 根据最后一段中“JoJo isn’t stopping here. He plans to hold another food drive next March.(JoJo不会就此止步。他计划明年三月再举办一次食物募捐活动)”可知，JoJo接下来会再次组织募捐活动。故选B。 C “No pain, no gain” is a phrase you might hear often at the gym. People who say it usually believe you need to push your body hard, and even feel pain, to see results! However, this idea may not always be true, as research from Australia’s Edith Cowan University has found that you can become stronger and healthier without very intense (剧烈) workouts. Instead of focusing on lifting heavy weights or doing hundreds of squats (深蹲), researchers say, it can be better to use slow and controlled actions where muscles (肌肉) work while they are lengthening. These are known as “eccentric” exercises (离心运动). Slowly sitting down in a chair, walking downstairs, or lowering a weight are good examples of eccentric exercises. Research shows that muscles produce more force during these movements, while using less energy than they do when lifting or pulling. This means people can build strength without feeling very tired. In addition, eccentric exercises require neither a gym nor any special equipment (设备). Simple exercises at home, such as chair squats or wall push-ups, can be enough, and even a short routine of a few minutes each day can lead to real improvements over time. You don’t always have to make exercise intense or painful. Instead, try to make it feel easier and more achievable. That way, you’re more likely to stick with it — and remember, consistency is what really brings better health! 8．Which of the following is an example of eccentric exercises? A．Walking upstairs quickly. B．Doing hundreds of fast squats. C．Slowly sitting down in a chair. D．Lifting heavy weights. 9．What do paragraphs 5&6 mainly tell us about eccentric exercises? A．Their risks. B．The proper way to do them. C．Their popularity. D．Their advantages. 10．What does the author try to do in the last paragraph? A．Offer advice. B．Explain a saying. C．Raise doubts. D．Give a warning. 11．What is the best title for this text? A．No Pain, No Gain B．Easy Exercise Builds Strength C．How to Balance Life and Workout D．A Good Choice Makes a Strong Body 【答案】8．C 9．D 10．A 11．B 【导语】主要介绍离心运动不用高强度训练也能增强体质，阐述其特点与好处。 【详解】8．细节理解题。根据第四段中的 “These are known as “eccentric” exercises (离心运动). Slowly sitting down in a chair, walking downstairs, or lowering a weight are good examples of eccentric exercises.(这就是所谓的“离心运动”。慢慢坐到椅子上、下楼或者放下重物都是离心运动的典型例子。)”可知慢慢坐到椅子上属于离心运动。 9．主旨大意题。根据第五段中的 “Research shows that muscles produce more force during these movements, while using less energy than they do when lifting or pulling. This means people can build strength without feeling very tired.(研究表明，肌肉在这些运动中能产生更大力量，消耗的能量却少于提拉重物时。这意味着人们不用非常疲惫就能增强力量。)”以及第六段中的 “In addition, eccentric exercises require neither a gym nor any special equipment (设备). Simple exercises at home, such as chair squats or wall push-ups, can be enough, and even a short routine of a few minutes each day can lead to real improvements over time.(此外，离心运动不需要健身房，也不需要任何专业设备。在家做简单练习就足够，哪怕每天短短几分钟，久而久之也能带来实实在在的改善。)”可知两段介绍离心运动的各项优势。 10．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 “You don’t always have to make exercise intense or painful. Instead, try to make it feel easier and more achievable. That way, you’re more likely to stick with it — and remember, consistency is what really brings better health!(你不必总是进行高强度、痛苦的锻炼。相反，试着选择更轻松可行的方式。这样你更容易坚持下去——记住，坚持才能真正换来更好的健康！)”可知，作者向读者给出锻炼方面的建议。 11．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的 “However, this idea may not always be true, as research from Australia’s Edith Cowan University has found that you can become stronger and healthier without very intense (剧烈) workouts.(然而这个观点未必总是正确，澳大利亚伊迪斯科文大学的研究发现，不用高强度锻炼，你也可以变得更强壮、更健康。)”以及根据最后一段中的 “You don’t always have to make exercise intense or painful. Instead, try to make it feel easier and more achievable. That way, you’re more likely to stick with it — and remember, consistency is what really brings better health!(你不必总是进行高强度、痛苦的锻炼。相反，试着选择更轻松可行的方式。这样你更容易坚持下去——记住，坚持才能真正换来更好的健康！)”可知，文章核心是轻松的锻炼方式也可以增强力量。B选项“轻松的锻炼方式也可以增强力量”为最佳标题。 D How to Make Friends Friends are so wonderful because they bring laughter, share adventures and comfort you in hard times. 12 Fortunately, once you know where to look and how to put yourself out there, making new friends doesn’t have to be hard. Here are some tips and strategies for building the friendships you deserve. 13 If you want to make friends, you first need to put yourself out there somehow in order to meet people. If you just sit alone, friends might come to you, but that’s not likely because they might think you want to stay alone. For example, if you’re still in school, sit somewhere with other people. It doesn’t have to be a crowded table, but try to choose one with at least 2 other people. Join an organization or club to meet new people. 14 You don’t necessarily need to have a lot of common interests with people in order to make friends with them. Some of the most rewarding friendships are between 2 people who don’t have much in common at all. Make eye contact and smile. If you don’t present a friendly and inviting appearance, people are less likely to be receptive to your friendship. 15 Be reliable. When you say you’ll do something, do it. 16 If you embody this quality in your treatment of others, it will attract others who appreciate reliability and who will be reliable in return. A．Make yourself available. B．Look for opportunities to talk to people. C．Show the good, unique qualities about yourself. D．Be someone that people know that they can depend on. E．But sometimes making new friends can feel really hard. F．This is a great way to find other people who have common interests. G．Look people directly in the eye when they are speaking to you and offer them a warm, friendly smile. 【答案】12．E 13．A 14．F 15．G 16．D 【导语】本文介绍交友方法：先主动融入人群，加入社团结识他人，以微笑眼神示友好，为人可靠守信，助力建立真挚友谊。 【详解】12．根据上文“Friends are so wonderful because they bring laughter, share adventures and comfort you in hard times.(朋友之所以如此美好，是因为他们能带来欢笑，与你一同经历冒险，并在你困难时给予你安慰)”以及后文“Fortunately, once you know where to look and how to put yourself out there, making new friends doesn’t have to be hard. Here are some tips and strategies for building the friendships you deserve.(幸运的是，一旦你知道该从何处着手以及如何主动出击，结交新朋友其实并不难。以下是一些有助于建立你应得友谊的建议和方法)”可知，空前讲述朋友的美好，空后句意“幸运的是，交朋友并没有那么难”，形成转折。E选项“但有时候结交新朋友会很难”衔接上下文。 13．根据后文“If you want to make friends, you first need to put yourself out there somehow in order to meet people. If you just sit alone, friends might come to you, but that’s not likely because they might think you want to stay alone. For example, if you’re still in school, sit somewhere with other people. It doesn’t have to be a crowded table, but try to choose one with at least 2 other people.(如果你想交朋友，首先你得想办法主动去接触他人，以便结识新朋友。如果你只是独自坐着，朋友可能会主动来找你，但这种情况不太可能发生，因为他们可能会认为你想要独处。例如，如果你还在上学，就找个和别人一起坐的地方。不必是人多的餐桌，但尽量选择至少有另外两个人的座位)”可知，本段核心：要主动走出去、不要独自待着，主动接触他人。A选项“让自己多接触他人/敞开心扉”统领本段主旨。 14．根据上文“Join an organization or club to meet new people.(加入一个组织或俱乐部，以便结识新朋友)”可知，空前建议加入社团、俱乐部，这是结识同好的方式。F选项“这是找到志同道合之人的好方法” 指代前文行为。 15．根据上文“Make eye contact and smile. If you don’t present a friendly and inviting appearance, people are less likely to be receptive to your friendship.(要进行眼神交流并微笑。如果您的形象不够友好、不够吸引人，那么人们就不太可能愿意与您建立友谊)”可知，本段中心词：eye contact and smile（眼神交流与微笑）。G选项“当别人与你交谈时，要直视对方的眼睛，并给予他们一个亲切友好的微笑”具体说明眼神对视与微笑的做法，贴合段落主题。 16．根据上文“Be reliable. When you say you’ll do something, do it.(要可靠。当你承诺要做某事时，就一定要去完成)”可知，本段关键词：reliable（可靠的）。D选项“做一个让人可以依靠的人”呼应可靠的品质，符合语境。 二、完形填空 When I was a little girl, I loved music very much. I dreamed of becoming a 17 one day. My parents supported my dream, and they bought me a piano. I practiced every day, but sometimes I felt 18 and wanted to give up. One day, my piano teacher told me a story. She said, “Music is not just about playing notes. It is about 19 your feelings and connecting with others. You should love music from the 20 of your heart.” Her words changed me. I started to practice with more 21 and passion. I listened to different kinds of music, learned from great musicians and 22 my own style. When I was 16, I took part in a national piano competition. I was very 23 before the competition, but I tried my best to play. When I finished playing, the audience stood up and 24 for a long time. I won the first prize! Now, I am a professional pianist. I travel around the world to give 25 and share my love for music with people. I am very 26 for my parents and my teacher, who helped me make my dream come true. Music has changed my life. It has taught me to be 27 , patient and hard-working. It has also given me a lot of 28 and happiness. I hope more people can 29   the beauty of music and make it a part of their life. If you have a dream, don’t give up. Keep working hard, and you will 30 succeed. Remember, the road to success is not 31 , but as long as you keep going, you will reach your goal. 17．A．singer B．pianist C．dancer D．writer 18．A．tired B．excited C．happy D．relaxed 19．A．hiding B．expressing C．controlling D．changing 20．A．top B．surface C．bottom D．middle 21．A．difficulty B．pressure C．effort D．time 22．A．developed B．forgot C．lost D．found 23．A．calm B．nervous C．angry D．sad 24．A．talked B．shouted C．clapped D．laughed 25．A．concerts B．speeches C．lessons D．parties 26．A．sorry B．thankful C．careful D．helpful 27．A．lazy B．brave C．shy D．quiet 28．A．trouble B．sadness C．joy D．stress 29．A．enjoy B．ignore C．forget D．hate 30．A．never B．hardly C．finally D．suddenly 31．A．easy B．long C．hard D．short 【答案】 17．B 18．A 19．B 20．C 21．C 22．A 23．B 24．C 25．A 26．B 27．B 28．C 29．A 30．C 31．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从小热爱音乐，在父母和老师的帮助下，通过努力成为钢琴家并实现梦想的经历。 【详解】17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我梦想有一天成为一名钢琴家。A. singer歌手；B. pianist钢琴家；C. dancer舞者；D. writer作家。根据下文“they bought me a piano”可知，父母为作者买了钢琴，此处指作者梦想成为钢琴家。故选B。 18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我每天都练习，但有时我感到很累，想放弃。A. tired疲惫的；B. excited兴奋的；C. happy开心的；D. relaxed放松的。根据上文“I practiced every day”和下文“wanted to give up”可知，每天都练习，所以作者有时感到很累。故选A。 19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它是关于表达你的感受并与他人建立联系。A. hiding隐藏；B. expressing表达；C. controlling控制；D. changing改变。根据下文“your feelings”可知，音乐是表达感受的方式。故选B。 20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你应该发自内心地热爱音乐。A. top顶部；B. surface表面；C. bottom底部；D. middle中间。根据下文“of your heart”可知，老师认为应该发自内心地热爱音乐，from the bottom of one’s heart为固定短语，意为“发自内心地”。故选C。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我开始更加努力和充满激情地练习。A. difficulty困难；B. pressure压力；C. effort努力；D. time时间。根据下文“practice with more”可知，作者更加努力地练习。故选C。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我听了不同种类的音乐，向伟大的音乐家学习，并形成了自己的风格。A. developed发展；B. forgot忘记；C. lost丢失；D. found发现。根据上文“I listened to different kinds of music, learned from great musicians”和下文“my own style”可知，作者形成了自己的风格。故选A。 23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：比赛前我非常紧张，但我尽力演奏。A. calm冷静的；B. nervous紧张的；C. angry生气的；D. sad悲伤的。根据上文“When I was 16, I took part in a national piano competition.”和下文“before the competition”可知，作者比赛前很紧张。故选B。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我演奏完时，观众站起来鼓掌了很长时间。A. talked谈论；B. shouted喊叫；C. clapped鼓掌；D. laughed笑。根据上文“the audience stood up”和下文“I won the first prize!”可知，演奏精彩获奖，观众应该是站起来鼓掌。故选C。 25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我周游世界举办音乐会，与人们分享我对音乐的热爱。A. concerts音乐会；B. speeches演讲；C. lessons课程；D. parties聚会。根据上文“I am a professional pianist”和后文“share my love for music with people”可知，作者作为钢琴家环球旅行举办音乐会。故选A。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我非常感激我的父母和老师，他们帮助我实现了梦想。A. sorry抱歉的；B. thankful感激的；C. careful小心的；D. helpful有帮助的。根据下文“my parents and my teacher, who helped me make my dream come true”可知，他们帮助作者实现了梦想，作者对父母和老师充满感激。故选B。 27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它教会我要勇敢、耐心和勤奋。A. lazy懒惰的；B. brave勇敢的；C. shy害羞的；D. quiet安静的。根据上文“I practiced every day, but sometimes I felt ______ and wanted to give up”和下文“patient and hard-working”可知，本空与下文的品质为并列关系，上文描述作者勇敢面对困难、不放弃，所以此处指音乐教会作者要勇敢、耐心和勤奋。故选B。 28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它也给了我很多快乐和幸福。A. trouble麻烦；B. sadness悲伤；C. joy快乐；D. stress压力。根据下文“and happiness”可知，此处选择与其happiness含义相近的，指音乐给作者带来快乐和幸福。故选C。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我希望更多的人能享受音乐的美，并让它成为他们生活的一部分。A. enjoy享受；B. ignore忽视；C. forget忘记；D. hate讨厌。根据下文“the beauty of music”可知，作者热爱音乐，希望大家欣赏、感受音乐的美好。故选A。 30．考查副词词义辨析。句意：继续努力，你最终会成功。A. never从不；B. hardly几乎不；C. finally最终；D. suddenly突然。根据上文“If you have a dream, don’t give up. Keep working hard”和下文“but as long as you keep going, you will reach your goal.”可知，有梦想不放弃，继续努力最终会成功。故选C。 31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：记住，成功的道路并不容易，但只要你继续前进，你就会达到目标。A. easy容易的；B. long长的；C. hard困难的；D. short短的。根据下文“but as long as you keep going, you will reach your goal”可知，坚持才会达到目标，成功的道路并不容易。故选A。 三、语法填空 I hate being overweight. Everything from my waist to my legs was overweight. After Christmas last year, I 32 (decide) to do something. I met Dr Wallace, and she told me I had to stop 33 (eat) fast food. It was very hard for me because I was eating them three or four times a week: pizza, hamburgers, whatever I could get. But I said to 34 (I) that I would try my best to do it — and I did. My best friend, Rachel Waterman, said I had to walk 10,000 steps every day. That was very hard for me at 35 beginning. I was used to driving everywhere, 36 I started to walk everywhere instead. I walked in the morning before work, and I 37 (usual) took a walk in the park with my husband after work. Now I never go to bed until I’ve done my 10,000 steps. Six 38 (month) has passed, and I made it. Last week, my husband bought me an MP4 as a gift. The weight is wonderful — I feel like a 39 (difference) person now, and I can buy my favourite clothes in the shops. I am so proud 40 myself because everyone thought I wouldn’t be able 41 (make) it including myself. 【答案】 32．decided 33．eating 34．myself 35．the 36．but 37．usually 38．months 39．different 40．of 41．to make 【导语】文章讲述了作者减肥成功的经历，通过戒掉快餐和坚持每天走一万步，最终实现了目标并重获自信。 【详解】32．考查时态。句意：去年圣诞节后，我决定做点什么。此处谓语动词，与主语I之间是主动关系；结合时间状语After Christmas last year可知，描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时态，decide的过去式为decided。 33．考查非谓语动词。句意：我遇到了华莱士医生，她告诉我必须停止吃快餐。stop doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“停止做某事”，用动名词eating作宾语。 34．考查代词。句意：但我对自己说，我会尽力去做——我做到了。代词I作宾语，与主语I是同一个人，用反身代词myself。 35．考查冠词。句意：那对我来说一开始非常困难。at the beginning为固定短语，意为“起初，一开始”。 36．考查连词。句意：我过去习惯开车去任何地方，但我开始改为步行去所有地方。前后句之间为转折关系，应用并列连词but连接。 37．考查副词。句意：我早上上班前散步，通常下班后和丈夫在公园里散步。提示词usual(通常的)在句中修饰动词took，应用副词形式usually，意为“通常”，作状语。 38．考查名词复数。句意：六个月过去了，我做到了。可数名词month作主语，其前有Six修饰，应用复数形式months。 39．考查形容词。句意：体重好极了——我现在感觉自己像变了一个人。提示词修饰名词person，应用形容词形式different(不同的)作定语。 40．考查介词。句意：我为自己感到非常骄傲，因为每个人都认为我做不到，包括我自己。be proud of为固定搭配，意为“为……感到骄傲”。 41．考查非谓语动词。句意：我为自己感到非常骄傲，因为每个人都认为我做不到，包括我自己。be able to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“能够做某事”，所以此次使用不定式形式to make。 四、书信写作 42． 假定你是李华，你的外国朋友David最近选修了中文课程。他来信向你咨询学好中文的方法。请你写一封回信，内容包括： （1）提出建议； （2）表达祝愿。 注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear David, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear David, I’m thrilled to know you’ve taken up Chinese! It’s common to face difficulties, but don’t fret. Here are some tips. First, try to find a Chinese pen pal. This is a great way to practice writing and get to know Chinese culture better. What you should do is write to them regularly and ask for feedback. Second, watching Chinese cartoons can be fun. The cartoons often use simple language, which is easy for beginners to understand. I believe that if you stick to these methods, you’ll make significant progress. Wish you good luck! Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生给外国朋友David写回信，向他介绍学好中文的方法并送上祝愿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 困难：difficulty → barrier 经常地：regularly → frequently/on a regular basis 坚持：stick to → insist on/adhere to 显著的：significant → remarkable 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：I’m thrilled to know you’ve taken up Chinese! 拓展句：Knowing that you’ve taken up Chinese, I’m thrilled! 【点睛】【高分句型1】What you should do is write to them regularly and ask for feedback. (运用了what引导的主语从句) 【高分句型2】The cartoons often use simple language, which is easy for beginners to understand. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $