学考专题11 名词性从句：知识盘点+核心精讲+进阶训练（讲义，全国通用）2027年高中英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题11名词性从句 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 研|核心专题精讲 考点一 主语从句 考点二 宾语从句 考点三 表语从句 考点四 同位语从句 练|巩固提升训练 本模块依据《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2025年修订）》对本专题在学考中的要求进行梳理，并结合近年全国各地学业水平考试命题实践作出趋势判断。 1.1 课标依据与学考层级要求 名词性从句的四类在课标附录 3“三、句法 → 10. 主从复合句”下分别列出：(1) 宾语从句不带星号，属必修；(4) 主语从句、(5) 表语从句标注两个星号，属选择性必修；(6) 同位语从句标注三个星号，属选修（提高类）。这意味着：宾语从句是学考必考且要求熟练掌握的内容，主语从句与表语从句同样必须会用（选择性必修是全体学生都要修读并通过评价的模块）。 知识点 课标层级 学考具体要求 认知层次 常见题型 宾语从句（及物动词后） 必修（不带星号） 掌握陈述语序、that 的省略、时态呼应与否定转移 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空、写作 宾语从句（介词后与形容词后） 必修（不带星号） 掌握介词后不用 if、不用 that 直接引导；掌握 sure / glad / afraid 等形容词后的从句 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 主语从句 选择性必修（两个星号） 掌握 that / whether / what 引导的主语从句；掌握 it 形式主语的四种句式 正确理解和使用 单项选择、语法填空、写作 表语从句 选择性必修（两个星号） 掌握 that / whether / what / why / because 引导的表语从句；掌握 The reason ... is that ... 正确理解和使用 单项选择、语法填空 连接词 that 与 what 的辨析 必修＋选择性必修 本专题第一考点：从句缺成分为 what，不缺为 that 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 whether 与 if 的选用 必修＋选择性必修 只有宾语从句可用 if；主语、表语、同位语从句与介词后一律用 whether 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 it 形式主语与形式宾语 选择性必修（两个星号） 掌握 It is ... that ... 四类句式与 make / find it ... that 结构 正确理解和使用 单项选择、写作 时态呼应 必修（时态条目） 主句过去则从句后退一步；客观真理一律用现在时 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 同位语从句 选修（提高类，三个星号） 只作辨认，本讲义不展开 了解 — 易错提醒一：层级不同，复习投入也要不同 宾语从句（必修）：必须做到“见题能选、写作能用”，尤其是陈述语序与时态呼应两项，常考。 主语从句与表语从句（选择性必修）：必须会用，但重点是识别与基本构造（it 形式主语的四种句式、The reason ... is that ...），不必追求复杂变式。 1.2 学考与高考的考查差异 名词性从句在两类考试中都是稳定考点，差别主要在命题角度与语篇化程度：学考偏重“连接词选用与语序时态”，高考在此基础上更强调“在长难句中判断从句类别并整合句意”。 比较维度 学业水平考试（学考） 高考 考查重心 连接词的正确选用（that / what / whether / who）、陈述语序、时态呼应 从句类别判断与长句剥离，连接词选用只是其中一环 题干形态 单句为主，从句位置清晰，干扰项多为相邻连接词 长句、嵌套句，常出现多重从句叠加（如含定语从句的表语从句） 典型设题 直接填连接词；或给出中文释义，选择译法正确的句子 语法填空中根据结构与逻辑综合判断；阅读中据从句判断句间关系 干扰项设计 利用 that / what 的混淆、whether / if 的位置限制设坑 利用插入语断开结构、it 形式主语与强调句混淆设坑 写作要求 会用宾语从句表达观点（I think that ...）即可，正确性优先 要求主语从句、表语从句与同位语从句交替使用，如 What impresses me most is that ... 易错提醒二：学考最常见的三类失分点 第一类：that 与 what 混淆。 判据只有一条——从句缺主语、宾语或表语用 what，不缺用 that。 第二类：在主语从句、表语从句和介词后用了 if。 记住：只有宾语从句可以用 if。 第三类：宾语从句写成疑问句语序。 I don't know when will he come → when he will come。 1.3 2027命题趋势观察与备考策略 综合近年全国各地学业水平考试与高考英语的命制实践，名词性从句这一考点呈现三条较为稳定的趋势。把握趋势的目的是把复习时间投到出现概率最高、区分度最大的地方。 趋势 表现 备考动作 趋势一：连接词选用仍是第一考点 that / what / whether / 疑问词 的辨析在单选与语法填空中稳定出现，且常与“从句缺不缺成分”的判定结合 练熟三步判定与what / that 对照，做到 10 秒内完成一次判定 趋势二：it 形式主语与强调句的辨析走热 It is ... that ... 到底是形式主语还是强调句，成为稳定设题点 用还原法：去掉 It is / was 与 that 后句子仍完整＝强调句，否则为形式主语结构 趋势三：写作中的句式升级要求提高 What ... is that ...、The reason why ... is that ...、There is no doubt that ... 成为高分句式 背诵并仿写 5 个高频名词性从句句式，注意 that 不省、语序正确 备考策略四条 ● 第一条：一张连接词表管四类从句。 that / whether / 连接代词 / 连接副词的选用规则在四类从句中通用，再按位置记例外（如介词后不用 if）。 ● 第二条：把“缺不缺成分”练成条件反射。 这是 that 与 what 的分水岭，也是名词性从句与定语从句的分水岭。 ● 第三条：成对记句式。 The reason why ... is that ...、That is why ... ／ That is because ...、What ... is that ...——成对记不易混。 ● 第四条：以写促记。 每周在作文中写 3 句名词性从句（一句主语从句、一句宾语从句、一句表语从句）。 易错提醒三：语法填空的作答顺序（建议固定下来） 第一步：判断从句在句中占什么位置（句首主语？动词或介词后宾语？系动词后表语？）。 第二步：把从句单独读一遍，看它缺不缺主语、宾语或表语。 第三步：不缺 → 填 that（表“是否”则填 whether）；缺 → 填相应的连接代词（what / who / which）或连接副词（when / where / why / how）。 第四步：检查位置限制——主语、表语、同位语从句与介词后不用 if。 第五步：回读全句，确认陈述语序与时态呼应是否正确。 2.1 名词性从句四类总览 在句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。名词能充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语，从句相应地就有四类。四类的共同特征是：都用一个“连词 ＋ 句子”的整体去充当名词的职务，从句内部一律用陈述语序。 类别 在句中充当的成分 典型句式与例句 课标层级 学考要求 宾语从句 充当及物动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语 I know that he is honest. I am not sure whether he will come. 不带星号（必修） 熟练掌握，必考 主语从句 充当主句的主语，常由 it 作形式主语后置 What he said is true. It is clear that he is honest. 两个星号 （选择性必修） 必须会用 表语从句 位于系动词之后充当表语 The fact is that he never gave up. This is what I want. 两个星号 （选择性必修） 必须会用 同位语从句 位于抽象名词之后说明其内容 The news that he won the prize is true. 三个星号 （选修提高类） 只作辨认 ★ 四类从句的三条共同特征（这是“名词性”的含义） 共同点一：都用一个“连词 ＋ 句子”的整体去充当名词的职务（主语、宾语、表语、同位语），因此叫名词性从句。 共同点二：从句内部一律用陈述语序（主语在前、谓语在后），不能写成疑问句语序。 共同点三：连接词的选择规则四类是通用的——从句完整且不缺成分用 that；表“是否”用 whether（宾语从句可用 if）；缺成分用相应的连接代词或连接副词。 推论：学会连接词总表，四类从句可以同时拿下。 易错提醒四：名词性从句与定语从句的分界 名词性从句：从句本身就是那个名词性成分，前面没有先行词——What he said is true.（what 从句作主语） 定语从句：从句修饰前面的名词，前面有先行词，关系词在从句中作成分——The words that he said are true.（that 从句修饰 the words） 速判：把从句整体换成“这件事／这个东西”，若句子仍然成立，多半是名词性从句。 2.2 连接词总表：that / whether / 疑问词 名词性从句的连接词分三类：从属连词（that、whether / if）、连接代词（what、who、whom、whose、which 及 -ever 类）、连接副词（when、where、why、how）。三类在四类从句中通用，这是本专题最省力的一处。 类别 连接词 是否作成分 能否省略 例句 从属连词 that 不作成分、无词义 宾语从句常可省；主语从句（句首）、表语从句、同位语从句不省 I think (that) he is right. 从属连词 whether / if 不作成分，意为“是否” 不能省略 I wonder whether / if he will come. （介词后、主语从句、表语从句只用 whether） 连接代词 what 作主语、宾语或表语，意为“什么／所……的” What he said is true.（what 作 said 的宾语） 连接代词 who / whom / whose 作主语／宾语／定语，保留疑问含义 I don't know who he is. 连接代词 which 作主语、宾语或定语，表“哪一个”（有限定范围） I can't tell which is better. 连接代词 whatever / whoever 等 作成分，意为“任何……的事物／无论谁” Whatever he says is right.（也可引导让步状语从句） 连接副词 when / where 在从句中作时间或地点状语 I don't know when he will come. 连接副词 why / how 在从句中作原因或方式状语 This is why he was late. ★ 连接词选用的三步判定（四类从句通用） 第一步：从句完整且不缺成分 → 用 that（陈述一个事实）。 第二步：从句完整但表示“是否”→ 用 whether；只有宾语从句可用 if，主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后的从句一律用 whether。 第三步：从句缺成分 → 用相应的连接代词或连接副词：缺主语或宾语（指物）用 what、指人用 who / whom、缺定语用 whose / which、缺状语用 when / where / why / how。 关键提醒：that 与 what 的分野只有一条——that 不作成分，what 必须作成分。 三条补充规则 ● whether 与 if 的分工：只有宾语从句可以用 if；主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后的宾语从句一律用 whether；whether 可直接接不定式（whether to do），if 不能。 ● that 的省略：宾语从句中常可省；主语从句（置于句首）、表语从句、同位语从句中的 that 一般不省；it 作形式主语时，句末的 that 常可省。 ● -ever 类连接词（whatever、whoever、whichever）既引导名词性从句，也引导让步状语从句；引导名词性从句时在从句中作成分，引导让步从句时只起连接作用。 易错提醒五：whether 与 if 的四条位置限制 主语从句：If he will come is unknown. → Whether he will come is unknown. 表语从句：The question is if we can go. → The question is whether we can go. 介词后的宾语从句：It depends on if it rains. → It depends on whether it rains. 与不定式连用：I can't decide if to go. → I can't decide whether to go. 只有一种情况两者通用：及物动词后的宾语从句——I wonder whether / if he will come. 2.3 that 与 what 的辨析 这是名词性从句的第一考点，也是最容易一错再错的地方。两者的分野只有一条：that 不作成分、无词义；what 必须作成分、有词义。 比较项 that what 在从句中作不作成分 不作任何成分 必须作主语、宾语或表语 有没有词义 没有词义，只起连接作用 有词义：什么／所……的事物 能否省略 宾语从句中常可省；其余一般不省 一律不能省 引导哪类从句 四类名词性从句都可引导 四类名词性从句都可引导 能否引导定语从句 能（that 是关系代词，作成分） 不能（what 不引导定语从句） 典型例句 That he passed the exam surprised us all.（从句 he passed the exam 完整，that 只连接） What he said surprised us all. （said 缺宾语，what 作 said 的宾语） 改写检验 换成 the news that ... 之类结构意义不变 what ＝ the thing(s) that，可展开为 the thing that he said ★ 一条判据解决九成题目 判据：把从句单独拿出来读，看它缺不缺主语、宾语或表语——缺，用 what（或 who / which 等连接代词）；不缺，用 that。 典型对照一：That he is honest is known to all.（从句完整 → that） ／ What he said is known to all.（said 缺宾语 → what） 典型对照二：I don't believe that he said so.（said so 完整 → that） ／ I don't believe what he said.（said 缺宾语 → what） 补充：what 不能引导定语从句，遇到“名词 ＋ what”必错，应改为 the ＋ 名词 ＋ that / which 或直接删去名词。 易错提醒六：一组必须背下来的对照句 That he is honest is known to all.（从句 he is honest 完整 → that） What he said is known to all.（said 缺宾语 → what） I don't believe that he said so.（said so 完整 → that） I don't believe what he said.（said 缺宾语 → what） 速判动作：把从句单独读一遍，读着“少了点什么”就是 what，读着完整就是 that。 2.4 主语从句与 it 形式主语 主语从句在课标中标注两个星号，属选择性必修，必须会用。它的两个重点是：连接词的选用以及 it 作形式主语的四种句式。后者在写作中极为实用。 项目 规则 例句 主语从句的位置 可置于句首（从句较长时显头重）；更常见的是用 it 作形式主语后置 That he came surprised us. It surprised us that he came. 由 that 引导 that 不作成分、无词义、不能省略（句首位置时） That he passed the exam is true. 由 whether 引导 表“是否”；不能用 if 代替 Whether he will come is not clear. 由连接代词引导 what / whoever / whatever 等在从句中作成分 What we need is more time. Whoever comes is welcome. 由连接副词引导 when / where / why / how 在从句中作状语 When the meeting will be held has not been decided. it 形式主语句式一 It + be + 形容词 + that（clear、obvious、important、necessary、strange） It is clear that he is honest. it 形式主语句式二 It + be + 名词 + that（a pity、a shame、a fact、no wonder） It is a pity that he failed the exam. it 形式主语句式三 It + be + 过去分词 + that（said、reported、believed、known、expected） It is said that he has gone abroad. it 形式主语句式四 It + 不及物动词 + that（seem、happen、appear、matter、occur to sb） It seems that he knows the truth. It happened that I was out. ★ 三条使用要点 要点一：从句作主语时谓语通常用单数（What we need is time.）；若表语为复数或 what 从句表复数内容，谓语也可用复数。 要点二：句首主语从句中的 that 绝对不能省，句末（it 结构）中的 that 常可省。 要点三：It + be + suggested / required / necessary + that 结构中，从句谓语常用 (should) ＋ 动词原形，这属虚拟语气，课标标注三个星号，学考不作要求，只作辨认。 易错提醒七：It is ... that ... 到底是形式主语还是强调句 还原法：去掉 It is / was 与 that，把剩余部分还原成正常语序，若句子完整且意思基本不变，就是强调句。 强调句：It is the book that I bought yesterday. → I bought the book yesterday.（完整） 形式主语：It is clear that he is honest. → 去掉后 clear he is honest 不成句 → 主语从句。 提示：强调句属课标标注三个星号的选修（提高类）内容，学考不作要求，此处只用于排除干扰。 2.5 宾语从句：三类宾语与四条规矩 宾语从句是名词性从句中唯一的必修内容（不带星号），也是学考的主战场。要掌握三类宾语（及物动词后、介词后、形容词后）与四条规矩（陈述语序、时态呼应、that 的省略、否定转移）。 项目 规则 例句 第一类：及物动词后 最常见；that 常可省略 I think (that) he is right. He said (that) he was busy. 第二类：介词后 介词后一般不用 that 引导（须借助 the fact that）；whether 可直接用在介词后，if 不能 It depends on whether it rains. It depends on if it rains（错误） 第三类：形容词后 sure、certain、glad、sorry、afraid、surprised、anxious 等后可接 that 从句 I am sure that he will come. I'm afraid that I can't help you. 规矩一：陈述语序 一律用陈述语序，不能写成疑问句语序 I don't know when will he come → I don't know when he will come. 规矩二：时态呼应 主句为过去时态时，从句须用相应的过去时态；但客观真理一律用现在时 He said (that) he was busy. The teacher said the earth moves around the sun. 规矩三：that 的省略 单个宾语从句可省；并列的两个宾语从句中，第二个 that 不省；有插入语或从句与主句被隔开时也不省 He said (that) he was tired and that he wanted to rest. 规矩四：否定转移 主句动词为 think、believe、suppose、expect、imagine 时，否定词放在主句，意义上否定从句 I don't think he is right.（不说 I think he isn't right） it 形式宾语 主语 ＋ 动词 ＋ it ＋ 宾补 ＋ that 从句；常用于 make / find / think / feel / consider ＋ it ＋ adj. / n. I find it necessary that we should start at once. ★ 四条易错提醒 提醒一：介词后不用 if，只用 whether；也不用 that 直接引导（须用 the fact that）。 提醒二：否定转移后，反意疑问句要与从句一致——I don't think he is right, is he?（不问 don't I）。 提醒三：宾语从句可用将来时（不受主将从现限制）——I think he will come tomorrow.（只有状语从句才“主将从现”）。 提醒四：suggest、insist、demand 后的宾语从句用 (should) ＋ 动词原形，属虚拟语气，三个星号，学考不作要求。 易错提醒八：否定转移与反意疑问句 适用动词：think、believe、suppose、expect、imagine、guess 等表示“认为、猜想”的动词。 转移规则：意义上否定从句，形式上否定主句——I don't think he is right.（不说 I think he isn't right） 反意疑问句与从句一致：I don't think he is right, is he?（不问 don't I） 若主句主语不是第一人称：He doesn't think I am right, does he?（此时与从句不一致，随主句）——这一条仅作了解，学考极少涉及。 2.6 表语从句 表语从句位于系动词之后，在课标中标注两个星号，属选择性必修。重点是 The reason ... is that ... 句式，以及 because 与 why 的分工。 类型 连接词 例句 要点 由 that 引导 that（不作成分、无词义、一般不省） The fact is that he never gave up. 口语中 that 偶可省，写作中建议保留 由 whether 引导 whether（不用 if） The question is whether we can finish it in time. 表语从句表“是否”只用 whether 由连接代词引导 what、who、which、whatever 等 This is what I want. The problem is who can do it. 连接代词在从句中作成分 由连接副词引导 when、where、why、how That is why he was late. This is how it works. 在从句中作状语 由 because 引导 because（表原因） He was late. That is because he got up late. because 表“原因”，why 表“结果” 由 as if / as though 引导 as if / as though（好像） It looks as if it is going to rain. 后接虚拟形式属虚拟语气，学考只作辨认 易错提醒九：The reason ... is that ... 与 That is why / because The reason why he was late is that he got up late.（why 引导定语从句修饰 reason，that 引导表语从句；不能用 because） He got up late. That is why he was late.（why 表结果） He was late. That is because he got up late.（because 表原因） 记忆：reason 后面跟 that，结果用 why，原因用 because。 2.7 时态呼应 名词性从句的时态呼应规则与状语从句完全不同：它不受“主将从现”限制，而是遵循“主句过去则从句后退一步；客观真理永用现在时”。 主句时态 从句时态规则 例句 一般现在时／一般将来时 从句按需使用任何时态，不受限制 I think he is honest.／I think he will come.／I think he was ill yesterday. 一般过去时（过去各类时态） 从句须用相应的过去时态：一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时 He said he was busy.／He said he had finished the work. 表达客观真理、谚语、习惯性事实 一律用一般现在时，不受主句时态影响 The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun. 从句有具体过去时间状语 可用一般过去时，无需改为过去完成时 He said he was born in 2010. ★ 三条提醒 提醒一：宾语从句不受“主将从现”限制——I think he will come tomorrow 完全正确；“主将从现”只适用于时间、条件、让步状语从句（专题12）。 提醒二：主句为过去时，从句往往要“后退一步”：现在→过去、将来→过去将来、过去→过去完成。 提醒三：客观真理永用现在时，这是时态呼应唯一的“免改项”。 2.8 同位语从句的构成与三条判定铁律 同位语是指两个成分指同一个人或同一件事，后者对前者作解释或说明；当这个“解释”由一个句子充当时，就是同位语从句。它的结构可以概括为：抽象名词 ＋ 连词 ＋ 完整从句，且名词的内容 ＝ 从句的内容。理解这一点，本专题就学会了一半。 组成部分 含义与识别方法 本例对应与译文 主句 含有被说明的抽象名词的主体句 The news excited everyone.（这个消息使大家兴奋。） 同位名词（被说明的词） 必须是抽象名词——它的“内容”可以被引申为一件事、一个想法或一个问题 the news（消息） 连词（that / whether / 疑问词） 只起连接作用：不作成分、没有词义、一般不能省略（这与定语从句的关系词完全不同） that（不充当任何成分，也无“那个”的意思） 从句 紧跟在抽象名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容；由 that 引导时，从句本身结构完整（主谓宾齐全） that our team won the game（我们队赢了比赛） 整体关系 名词 ＝ 从句的内容，二者是“等于”关系，可以互换位置而不改变意义 The news ＝ our team won the game （我们队赢了比赛这一消息使大家兴奋。） ★ 判定同位语从句的三条铁律 铁律一：从句必须是完整的——主、谓、宾齐全，不缺任何成分；若缺成分，那它就是定语从句或名词性从句。 铁律二：that 不作成分、没有词义、不能省略——这是同位语从句与定语从句最根本的分水岭。 铁律三：前面的名词必须是可“有内容”的抽象名词——book、boy、school 这类具体名词带的就是定语从句，不是同位语从句。 补充：同位语从句中一般不用 which，也不用 if（表“是否”用 whether）。 易错提醒四：同位语与同位语从句不是一回事 同位语可以是词或短语：Mr Li, our head teacher, is kind.（our head teacher 是同位语） 同位语从句必须是一个句子：The news that he won the prize is true. 判断标准：看“解释说明”的部分有没有自己的主语和谓语——有，就是从句。 注意：同位语常用逗号或破折号隔开，而同位语从句一般不用逗号（这与非限制性定语从句不同）。 2.9 常带同位语从句的抽象名词 同位语从句前面的名词必须是抽象名词，而且这个抽象名词必须“有内容可说”——消息有内容、想法有内容、问题有内容。具体名词（book、boy、school）没有“内容”，只能被修饰，因此后面跟的一定是定语从句。 语义类别 常见抽象名词 例句 消息与传闻类 news、information、message、word（消息）、report、story、rumour Word came that he had been admitted to the university. 事实与证据类 fact、truth、reality、evidence、proof、phenomenon The fact that he never gave up encouraged us all. 想法与看法类 idea、thought、belief、view、opinion、hope、feeling、impression I have no idea that he was already married. 疑问与疑难类 question、problem、doubt、puzzle、mystery、wonder The question whether we can finish it in time remains. 建议与要求类 suggestion、advice、proposal、request、requirement、demand、order、desire The suggestion that he (should) give up smoking is reasonable. 可能与机会类 possibility、chance、probability、likelihood、risk There is a possibility that the meeting will be put off. 承诺与决定类 promise、decision、plan、agreement、conclusion、excuse He made a promise that he would never lie again. ★ 记忆要点与两条反例 要点：凡是“可以被展开说明成一句话”的抽象名词，都能带同位语从句；检验办法是在名词后面加“即……／内容是……”，读得通即可。 反例一：具体名词不能带同位语从句——the book that I bought 中 book 没有“内容”，只能是被修饰，因而是定语从句。 反例二：reason 一般带定语从句（why）而非同位语从句——the reason why he was late（定语从句）；若说 the reason that he gave me，也是定语从句。 易错提醒五：两个最容易误判的名词 reason：一般带定语从句——the reason why he was late（从句 he was late 完整，why 作状语）；也可说 the reason that he gave me（that 作 gave 的宾语）。不要把它当成同位语从句处理。 doubt：在否定句与疑问句中常接 that（There is no doubt that he is honest.）；在肯定句中常接 whether（I have some doubt whether he will come.）。 chance / possibility：接 that 引导的同位语从句，也可接 of doing，但不能接 of + that 从句。 2.10 与定语从句、状语从句、强调句的辨析 名词性从句最常与定语从句（尤其在 what / that 上）、状语从句（尤其在 when / where 上）以及强调句（尤其在 It is ... that ... 上）混淆。辨析的关键仍是先看位置、再定类别、最后定连接词。 易混对象 判据 例句与结论 名词性从句 vs 定语从句 看从句前有没有名词：名词性从句的从句充当名词本身；定语从句前有先行词，关系词在从句中作成分 What he said is true.（主语从句，无先行词） The words that he said are true.（定语从句，先行词 the words） what 从句 vs that 定语从句 what ＝ the thing(s) that，本身已含先行词，因此前面不能再有名词 The book what I bought → The book (that / which) I bought. whether 从句 vs if 从句 看从句的位置：宾语从句两者皆可；主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后一律用 whether I wonder whether / if he will come.（宾语从句） Whether he will come is unknown.（主语从句，不用 if） 名词性从句 vs 强调句 还原法：去掉 It is / was 与 that 后句子仍完整，就是强调句 It is the book that I bought.（强调句） It is clear that he is honest.（主语从句，it 是形式主语） 名词性从句 vs 状语从句 看从句在句中充当什么：充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语是名词性从句；充当状语（修饰动词或整句）是状语从句 I don't know when he will come.（宾语从句） I was reading when he came in.（时间状语从句） ★ 一条通用排查顺序 ① 定位：从句在句中占什么位置（句首主语？动词或介词后宾语？系动词后表语？抽象名词后同位语？）。 ② 定性：位置决定类别，类别决定连接词的可省略性与whether / if 的选择。 ③ 定词：从句完整用 that，表“是否”用 whether（宾语从句可用 if），缺成分用连接代词或连接副词。 ④ 定语序：一律陈述语序。 ⑤ 定时态：主句过去则从句后退一步；客观真理用现在时。 易错提醒十一：when / where 引导的到底是哪种从句 宾语从句：及物动词后，从句充当宾语——I don't know when he will come. 主语从句：句首作主语——When he will come is not clear. 表语从句：系动词后——The question is when he will come. 状语从句：前面没有可作宾语或主语的空位，从句修饰主句动作——I was reading when he came in. 定语从句：前面有表示时间或地点的名词——I remember the day when we met. 2.11 六类常见错误与正误对照 把常见错误归成六类，写作与改错时按类自查，效率最高。其中“疑问句语序”“that 与 what 混用”“该用 whether 用了 if”三类频率最高，应重点防范。 错误类型 错例 正解与理由 第一类：疑问句语序 I don't know when will he come back. I don't know when he will come back. 名词性从句一律用陈述语序。 第二类：that 与 what 混用 That he said at the meeting surprised us. What he said at the meeting surprised us. said 缺宾语，必须用连接代词 what；that 不作成分。 第三类：该用 whether 用了 if Whether he will come is not clear. 写成 If he will come is not clear. It depends on if it rains. Whether he will come is not clear.（主语从句不用 if） It depends on whether it rains.（介词后不用 if） 第四类：误用 because 引导表语从句 The reason why he was late is because he got up late. The reason why he was late is that he got up late. The reason ... is that ... 是固定句式，不用 because。 第五类：名词后误用 what The book what I bought yesterday is useful. The book (that / which) I bought yesterday is useful. what 不能引导定语从句，它前面不能再有名词。 第六类：否定未转移 I think he isn't right. I don't think he is right. think、believe、suppose、expect 等须否定转移；反意疑问句要与从句一致：..., is he? ★ 写作自查六问 ① 从句是不是陈述语序？ ② 从句缺不缺成分——缺用 what，不缺用 that？ ③ 用不用 whether——主语、表语、同位语、介词后一律 whether？ ④ The reason ... is that ... 有没有写成 because？ ⑤ what 前面有没有多余的名词？ ⑥ 主句为过去时，从句时态有没有后退一步（客观真理除外）？ 考点一：主语从句 1．Stephen Curry is a living proof that ________ other people think of you does not have to influence what you become. A．that B．whether C．what D．which 2．________ made him feel satisfied was that his students were able to read, write and speak in English. A．If B．As C．It D．What 3．________ the earth goes around the sun is known to us all. A．How B．What C．That D．Which 4． he said at the meeting surprised us. (用适当的词填空) 5．It is certain he will help. (用适当的词填空) 6．It is a pity you missed the show. (用适当的词填空) 7．It is significant the two leaders will meet again next month. (用适当的词填空) 8． he will come is not certain. (用适当的词填空) 考点二： 宾语从句 1．They eventually arrived at ________ is now called Greenland. A．that B．where C．what D．whose 2．While making friends, we’re supposed to focus on what we have in common and set aside ________ we disagree. A．what B．that C．where D．if 3．Could you tell me ________ you dealt with these broken books? A．what B．how C．that D．which 4．I wonder book this is. (用适当的词填空) 5．Please tell me we should do next. (用适当的词填空) 6．They rely on it everything will be fine. (用适当的词填空) 7．It is hard to judge the data collected in the experiment can support the scientist’s assumption. (用适当的词填空) 8．We all know it takes plenty of time and energy to master a foreign language really well. 考点三：表语从句 1．Tom was late for school this morning. This was ________ he missed the first bus to school. A．why B．because C．that D．how 2．My doubt is ________ we can keep the old custom alive in modern times. A．whether B．if C．that D．what 3．The fact is ________ many farmers are in great need of technical support. A．what B．whether C．that D．if 4．The problem is we can afford it. (用适当的词填空) 5．She worked late. That is she was tired the next day. (用适当的词填空) 6．He failed the exam. This is he didn’t study hard. (用适当的词填空) 7．His suggestion is we hold a meeting. (用适当的词填空) 8．The truth is he has never been to Beijing. (用适当的词填空) 考点四：同位语从句 1．The suggestion ________ we should decorate the classroom was put forward by Tom. A．that B．whether C．what D．which 2．The fact ________ he didn’t finish his homework made his teacher angry. A．what B．which C．that D．how 3．Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _________ a cure for AIDS will be found. A．which B．that C．what D．whether 4．I have no idea he managed to finish the tough task within such a short period of time. (用适当的词填空) 5．We hold the firm belief consistent efforts will eventually bring positive changes. (用适当的词填空) 6．The news our school will hold a sports meeting excites us. (用适当的词填空) 7．Many teenagers hold the view they should be allowed to make their own decisions on their personal matters. 8．There is no doubt the activity not only equipped us with some practical skills but also raised our awareness of environmental protection. (用适当的词填空) 一、单项选择 1．________ has triggered heated debate among sociologists is ________ the pursuit of instant fulfillment is gradually weakening youngsters’ willingness to make long-term efforts. A．What; that B．That; what C．What; what D．That; that 2．________ we can make full use of mineral resources remains to be seen. A．If B．That C．Whether D．What 3．It is obvious ________ modern science can help us solve agricultural difficulties. A．what B．whether C．that D．how 4．________ wants to take part in the field study must first read the safety instructions carefully, while ________ happens during the investigation should be recorded in as much detail as possible. A．Whoever; whatever B．No matter who; whatever C．Whoever; no matter what D．Anyone who; no matter what 5．________ is known to us all is that food shortage needs worldwide attention. A．It B．What C．That D．As 6．________ industry, endurance, perseverance and self-belief, Stephen Curry eventually became ________ he wanted to be. A．By; that B．Through; what C．Beyond; what D．Within; who 7．My experience tells me that it’s not ________ you are given but ________ you make use of it that determines who you are. A．which; that B．what; how C．that; how D．what; that 8．The nature documentary reveals to us, from various real-life cases, ________ we should do something to protect wetland ecosystems from further damage. A．why B．what C．which D．where 9．Many analysts suspect that ________ the social-media giant has done to harvest private user data behind the screen represents merely a preliminary trial, ________ accounts for my intention to permanently deactivate my personal account. A．whether; which B．what; which C．why; that D．/; that 10．My doubt is ________ we can finish the task in such a short time. A．that B．what C．whether D．how 11．________ is known to us all is that China is a great country. A．It B．What C．That D．Which 12．Just remember it is completely normal to deal with ________ family conflicts bring and ________ you and your family members can make joint efforts to fix your bond. A．which; what B．that; what C．that; that D．what; that 13．The exciting moment ________ Gerry will always remember is ________ he approaches the Harbor Bridge and the Opera House. A．which; what B．that; what C．what; when D．that; when 14．________ makes the China International Import Expo (CIIE) special is ________ it’s the first of its kind in the world that is dedicated to import promotion. A．Which, what B．What, that C．That, what D．What, whether 15．The main reason why rare birds are dying out is that ________ used to be their natural habitat has been polluted. A．where B．that C．what D．which 二、单句语法填空 1．The problem is we should put the blame on, for nobody is totally blameless.(用适当的词填空) 2．The question is we can convince those farmers who are conservative.(用适当的词填空) 3． concerns local farmers most is that soil pollution is getting worse. (用适当的词填空) 4． you have observed in the lab should be written down in your experimental notebook. (用适当的词填空) 5．The fact is dirty wounds are easy to get infected without timely treatment. (用适当的词填空) 6．His uncertainty is the hypothesis can hold up when facing real‑world experimental conditions. (用适当的词填空) 7．That is every lab member is supposed to master basic first‑aid knowledge for chemical injuries. (用适当的词填空) 8．This is we must keep in mind when we deal with victims suffering from severe chemical burns. (用适当的词填空) 9． the new therapy, which has been tested on animals, can apply to human patients still needs clinical proof. (用适当的词填空) 10．That is many experimental attempts ended in failure; they ignored key variables. (用适当的词填空) 11． shocks medical workers is that some severe burn victims ignore necessary first‑aid measures. (用适当的词填空) 12．Perseverance, combined with proper methods, is makes top students outstanding. (用适当的词) 13． he will attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet. (用适当的词填空) 14． makes this book so popular among teenagers is its moving stories and positive attitude towards life. (用适当的词填空) 15．The news our national football team had won the game spread very quickly throughout the whole country. (用适当的词填空) 一、阅读理解 A There’s nothing quite like a good road trip, is there? What better way to explore a new part of the world, see the sights and get to experience magical scenery on your way? But which roads are the most popular? Here are some of the roads whose photos are most frequently posted on Facebook. Wild Atlantic Way One thousand six hundred miles long, the Wild Atlantic Way crosses much of Ireland’s west coast. With views over the Atlantic Ocean, this winding road is home to amazing natural rock formations like the Cliffs of Moher and Slieve League. Abbey Road Home to perhaps the most famous image in the music world — the Beatles album (歌曲专辑) cover — Camden’s Abbey Road is near the Lord’s Cricket Ground. It’s one of the few roads on this list that doesn’t feature because of its driving charm! Great Ocean Road 150 miles across Australia’s south-easterly coast, the Great Ocean Road is an incomparable drive for any road trip lovers. Built between 1919 and 1932 by Australian soldiers on their return from the First World War, it is also the world’s largest war memorial (纪念碑). Carretera Austral This 770-mile road provides access to Chilean Patagonia and has a variety of scenery to enjoy, from the vast rainforest to the hanging glacier in Queulat National Park. So, if you’re looking for the perfect photo of a road (or road trip) to take your Facebook feed (动态) to the next level, you can follow our advice. Next step — booking your flight and finding a rental car. If you’re lucky enough to live near one of these roads, be sure to make the most of it! 1．If one is interested in studying rocks, which road trip can he take? A．Wild Atlantic Way. B．Abbey Road. C．Great Ocean Road. D．Carretera Austral. 2．What is special about the Great Ocean Road? A．Its fascinating views. B．Its cultural attraction. C．Its historic significance. D．Its unique location. 3．Where is the text likely from? A．A news story. B．A travel magazine. C．A construction report. D．A geography textbook. B James Smith has long succeeded in competition, even in snowball fights as a child. Now that he’s 80, his competitive edge has only gotten sharper. “Many have said, ‘You’re crazy’,” said Smith, who visits doctors every few months to check on his health. “But they’ve never told me not to run.” Smith not only runs ultramarathons — races longer than 26.2 miles that often take days to complete — he also sets records. Smith said, “I’ve never thought of my age as an obstacle (障碍). I have the attitude of: If somebody else can do it, why can’t I?” There are many stories behind his running. One of Smith’s races came in November 2016, when he took on the challenge of a 100-mile race in southwest China. The race meant a lot to him, as it was near the region where his father, Mickey, served in the U.S. Army Air Corps during World War II. Once, after Smith finished an ultramarathon in California, a stranger handed him a note that said, “Watching you struggle up that hill gave me the strength to fight my own illness. Thank you for showing me how to persevere.” For Smith, it was proof that running could inspire life beyond the finish line. After he finished the Badwater Ultramarathon, one of the world’s hardest footraces, Smith told his trainer Michael Johnson it would be his last ultramarathon. But Johnson said he would probably find one soon. “He’s showing what’s possible not just for him, but for you, for me, for all of us,” said Johnson. 4．How does James Smith monitor his condition regularly? A．By training with his coach. B．By getting medical check-ups. C．By achieving new records. D．By joining in snowball fights. 5．Why was the 100-mile race in China significant to James Smith? A．It helped him fight against his illness. B．It was his first ultramarathon. C．It honored his father’s wartime service. D．It was where he once grew up. 6．What kind of person is James Smith? A．Lonely and lost. B．Creative and smart. C．Strict and shy. D．Determined and encouraging. 7．What would be a suitable title for the passage? A．Never Too Old: Senior Fitness Redefined B．Running from the Past: A War Hero’s Son’s Journey C．Age Is No Barrier: The 80-Year-Old Ultramarathon Runner D．A Lifetime of Competition: From Soccer to Ultramarathons C China has become the world’s largest producer and market of EVs (电动汽车). According to a report, 9.58 million Chinese-made EVs were produced and 9.49 million were sold in 2023. Among the total sales, 1.2 million EVs were exported (出口). The Chinese government has been encouraging EVs as part of its effort for green, high-quality development. As a result, China’s EV industry develops very quickly. At Auto (汽车) China 2004, BYD was the only company showing EVs there. At Auto China 2024, there were 278 different EV models on show, including BYD, SAIC, Geely, Li Auto, Nio, Xpeng and other brands (品牌). China’s EV industry is now facing both challenges and chances. On the one hand, it’s reported that 71% of EV brands cut prices in 2023. As competition grows, customers can choose from more models — and the price war has made them affordable for ordinary families across the country. However, this has squeezed (压缩) the profit margins of EV makers. As a result, EV makers without the ability of innovation (创新) will face growing risks. In order to survive these growing risks and be both greener and smarter, Chinese EV makers are trying hard to improve technologies like battery quality and AI support. At the same time, the government is adding even more charging points (充电桩), so that drivers no longer have to worry about running out of power on the road. On the other hand, more Chinese people pay more attention to the environmental problems. This growing environmental awareness is encouraging more buyers to choose EVs. EVs are the way of the future. In an ideal world, everyone benefits from innovation and green transport. Some might get there sooner than others, and will gain greater rewards. It is very likely that China will hold the lead. 8．How many Chinese-made EVs were sold in China in 2023? A．8.38 million. B．9.49 million. C．9.58 million. D．8.29 million. 9．What is the purpose of Paragraph 2? A．To introduce different EV brands in China. B．To give some information about Auto China. C．To show the development of China’s EV industry. D．To advise people to buy Chinese-made EVs. 10．EV makers can most probably reduce growing risks by ________. A．advancing new technologies. B．winning the government’s support. C．adding more charging points. D．dealing with environmental problems. 11．What’s the writer’s attitude (态度) towards the future of China’s EV industry? A．Uncertain. B．Hopeful. C．Doubtful. D．Curious. D Balancing Study and Exercise Senior high school students often feel that there are not enough hours in a day. Between classes, homework and exams, exercise is usually the first thing to give up. 12 Here is how to fit both into a busy week. Start small. Many students decide to run for an hour every day, and then stop after three days because their bodies ache. 13 Twenty minutes three times a week is a good beginning. When it becomes a habit, add more. Put exercise in your timetable. If exercise is not written down, it will not happen. 14 Treat it like a lesson that you cannot miss. In this way, you will stop feeling that you are “wasting” study time. Choose an activity you enjoy. 15 If you hate running, try badminton, swimming or dancing. When you enjoy what you are doing, you will not need to force yourself. Exercise with others. Joining a friend or a club makes it much harder to give up. 16 Also, talking with friends while you exercise is a good way to reduce stress. Remember: a healthy body supports a sharp mind. You are not choosing between study and sport—you are choosing both. A．Write it in your weekly plan, next to your maths and English lessons. B．Nobody can keep exercising if it feels like a punishment. C．In fact, regular exercise can make your study time more effective. D．It is better to begin with something you can manage. E．For example, put on your sports shoes as soon as you get home. F．You will feel that you are letting someone down if you do not go. G．However, giving up exercise is not the answer. 二、完形填空 Yunnan is rapidly emerging as one of China’s most appealing tourist and residential 17 . In 2025, the province 18 a remarkable surge in overnight foreign visitors, with the figure 19 by more than 50 percent compared with the previous year. The positive momentum has well 20 into 2026, as an increasing number of foreigners choose to travel, settle down and even launch their own 21 in this land. Its widespread popularity stems from Yunnan’s breathtaking 22 scenery, rich ethnic diversity and greatly improved public services. Distinct from crowded metropolises, it provides a leisurely lifestyle 23 fresh air, towering mountains and peaceful rural villages. Most overseas visitors admit that Yunnan brings them a sense of 24 which is hard to find elsewhere. To further boost its charm, local authorities have rolled out new policies 25 lifestyle-related industries. A batch of innovation hubs will be constructed 26 young pioneers and small business owners. Traditional old houses across rural areas are now being 27 into cozy cafes, art workshops and characteristic homestays. Thanks to the convenient 240-hour visa-free transit policy, it has become far less 28 for international travelers to plan a trip here. Nowadays, Yunnan has become an essential part in many foreigners’ 29 travel routes across China. Yunnan is no longer merely a temporary tourist spot; it has turned into a place for people to stay, create and communicate. A foreign travel blogger once commented, “Yunnan possesses a unique charm that makes you feel 30 at home. Once you set foot here, you will never truly 31 it.” 17．A．regions B．destinations C．branches D．facilities 18．A．witnessed B．predicted C．suspected D．confirmed 19．A．declining B．reducing C．arising D．rising 20．A．faded B．extended C．continued D．paused 21．A．careers B．campaigns C．businesses D．challenges 22．A．natural B．rural C．urban D．modern 23．A．beyond B．with C．against D．despite 24．A．responsibility B．achievement C．belonging D．security 25．A．to stress B．to support C．to restrict D．to update 26．A．in honor of B．in place of C．in charge of D．in favor of 27．A．transformed B．divided C．separated D．translated 28．A．complex B．flexible C．regular D．ordinary 29．A．narrow B．complete C．casual D．brief 30．A．merely B．nearly C．barely D．partly 31．A．abandon B．miss C．leave D．forget 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Do you remember a time when you had no worries about getting a good night’s rest? 32 (unfortunate), your happy childhood is probably a thing of the past. A recent survey has found that many people suffer 33 sleep problems. Some are unable to fall 34 (sleep), some wake up in the middle of the night, and others simply do not get enough sleep. One of the reasons why people fail to get a good night’s sleep 35 (be) pressure from school or work. Noise pollution and light pollution in big 36 (city) may also contribute to sleep problems. In the short term, people with sleep problems often feel tired and have trouble 37 (concentrate). In the long term, they may be at increased risk of having 38 poor memory, being overweight and suffering a heart attack. Sleep problems are especially dangerous for teenagers. They are still growing, and night is the time when 39 (they) bodies grow faster. Teenagers who do not get enough sleep may experience situations 40 body development slows down, and their health suffers. So, if you have a sleep problem, it might be time 41 (make) some changes to your lifestyle. 四、书信写作 42．假如你是李华，你的外教Mr Geller打算让8岁的女儿在中国学习一门传统艺术作为兴趣，他写邮件征求你的意见。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括： 1.推荐一项传统艺术并简述原因； 2.提出学习建议。 注意： 1.词数：80左右； 2.内容应包括以上要点，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3.开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Mr Geller, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题11名词性从句 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 研|核心专题精讲 考点一 主语从句 考点二 宾语从句 考点三 表语从句 考点四 同位语从句 练|巩固提升训练 本模块依据《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2025年修订）》对本专题在学考中的要求进行梳理，并结合近年全国各地学业水平考试命题实践作出趋势判断。 1.1 课标依据与学考层级要求 名词性从句的四类在课标附录 3“三、句法 → 10. 主从复合句”下分别列出：(1) 宾语从句不带星号，属必修；(4) 主语从句、(5) 表语从句标注两个星号，属选择性必修；(6) 同位语从句标注三个星号，属选修（提高类）。这意味着：宾语从句是学考必考且要求熟练掌握的内容，主语从句与表语从句同样必须会用（选择性必修是全体学生都要修读并通过评价的模块）。 知识点 课标层级 学考具体要求 认知层次 常见题型 宾语从句（及物动词后） 必修（不带星号） 掌握陈述语序、that 的省略、时态呼应与否定转移 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空、写作 宾语从句（介词后与形容词后） 必修（不带星号） 掌握介词后不用 if、不用 that 直接引导；掌握 sure / glad / afraid 等形容词后的从句 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 主语从句 选择性必修（两个星号） 掌握 that / whether / what 引导的主语从句；掌握 it 形式主语的四种句式 正确理解和使用 单项选择、语法填空、写作 表语从句 选择性必修（两个星号） 掌握 that / whether / what / why / because 引导的表语从句；掌握 The reason ... is that ... 正确理解和使用 单项选择、语法填空 连接词 that 与 what 的辨析 必修＋选择性必修 本专题第一考点：从句缺成分为 what，不缺为 that 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 whether 与 if 的选用 必修＋选择性必修 只有宾语从句可用 if；主语、表语、同位语从句与介词后一律用 whether 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 it 形式主语与形式宾语 选择性必修（两个星号） 掌握 It is ... that ... 四类句式与 make / find it ... that 结构 正确理解和使用 单项选择、写作 时态呼应 必修（时态条目） 主句过去则从句后退一步；客观真理一律用现在时 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 同位语从句 选修（提高类，三个星号） 只作辨认，本讲义不展开 了解 — 易错提醒一：层级不同，复习投入也要不同 宾语从句（必修）：必须做到“见题能选、写作能用”，尤其是陈述语序与时态呼应两项，常考。 主语从句与表语从句（选择性必修）：必须会用，但重点是识别与基本构造（it 形式主语的四种句式、The reason ... is that ...），不必追求复杂变式。 1.2 学考与高考的考查差异 名词性从句在两类考试中都是稳定考点，差别主要在命题角度与语篇化程度：学考偏重“连接词选用与语序时态”，高考在此基础上更强调“在长难句中判断从句类别并整合句意”。 比较维度 学业水平考试（学考） 高考 考查重心 连接词的正确选用（that / what / whether / who）、陈述语序、时态呼应 从句类别判断与长句剥离，连接词选用只是其中一环 题干形态 单句为主，从句位置清晰，干扰项多为相邻连接词 长句、嵌套句，常出现多重从句叠加（如含定语从句的表语从句） 典型设题 直接填连接词；或给出中文释义，选择译法正确的句子 语法填空中根据结构与逻辑综合判断；阅读中据从句判断句间关系 干扰项设计 利用 that / what 的混淆、whether / if 的位置限制设坑 利用插入语断开结构、it 形式主语与强调句混淆设坑 写作要求 会用宾语从句表达观点（I think that ...）即可，正确性优先 要求主语从句、表语从句与同位语从句交替使用，如 What impresses me most is that ... 易错提醒二：学考最常见的三类失分点 第一类：that 与 what 混淆。 判据只有一条——从句缺主语、宾语或表语用 what，不缺用 that。 第二类：在主语从句、表语从句和介词后用了 if。 记住：只有宾语从句可以用 if。 第三类：宾语从句写成疑问句语序。 I don't know when will he come → when he will come。 1.3 2027命题趋势观察与备考策略 综合近年全国各地学业水平考试与高考英语的命制实践，名词性从句这一考点呈现三条较为稳定的趋势。把握趋势的目的是把复习时间投到出现概率最高、区分度最大的地方。 趋势 表现 备考动作 趋势一：连接词选用仍是第一考点 that / what / whether / 疑问词 的辨析在单选与语法填空中稳定出现，且常与“从句缺不缺成分”的判定结合 练熟三步判定与what / that 对照，做到 10 秒内完成一次判定 趋势二：it 形式主语与强调句的辨析走热 It is ... that ... 到底是形式主语还是强调句，成为稳定设题点 用还原法：去掉 It is / was 与 that 后句子仍完整＝强调句，否则为形式主语结构 趋势三：写作中的句式升级要求提高 What ... is that ...、The reason why ... is that ...、There is no doubt that ... 成为高分句式 背诵并仿写 5 个高频名词性从句句式，注意 that 不省、语序正确 备考策略四条 ● 第一条：一张连接词表管四类从句。 that / whether / 连接代词 / 连接副词的选用规则在四类从句中通用，再按位置记例外（如介词后不用 if）。 ● 第二条：把“缺不缺成分”练成条件反射。 这是 that 与 what 的分水岭，也是名词性从句与定语从句的分水岭。 ● 第三条：成对记句式。 The reason why ... is that ...、That is why ... ／ That is because ...、What ... is that ...——成对记不易混。 ● 第四条：以写促记。 每周在作文中写 3 句名词性从句（一句主语从句、一句宾语从句、一句表语从句）。 易错提醒三：语法填空的作答顺序（建议固定下来） 第一步：判断从句在句中占什么位置（句首主语？动词或介词后宾语？系动词后表语？）。 第二步：把从句单独读一遍，看它缺不缺主语、宾语或表语。 第三步：不缺 → 填 that（表“是否”则填 whether）；缺 → 填相应的连接代词（what / who / which）或连接副词（when / where / why / how）。 第四步：检查位置限制——主语、表语、同位语从句与介词后不用 if。 第五步：回读全句，确认陈述语序与时态呼应是否正确。 2.1 名词性从句四类总览 在句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。名词能充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语，从句相应地就有四类。四类的共同特征是：都用一个“连词 ＋ 句子”的整体去充当名词的职务，从句内部一律用陈述语序。 类别 在句中充当的成分 典型句式与例句 课标层级 学考要求 宾语从句 充当及物动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语 I know that he is honest. I am not sure whether he will come. 不带星号（必修） 熟练掌握，必考 主语从句 充当主句的主语，常由 it 作形式主语后置 What he said is true. It is clear that he is honest. 两个星号 （选择性必修） 必须会用 表语从句 位于系动词之后充当表语 The fact is that he never gave up. This is what I want. 两个星号 （选择性必修） 必须会用 同位语从句 位于抽象名词之后说明其内容 The news that he won the prize is true. 三个星号 （选修提高类） 只作辨认 ★ 四类从句的三条共同特征（这是“名词性”的含义） 共同点一：都用一个“连词 ＋ 句子”的整体去充当名词的职务（主语、宾语、表语、同位语），因此叫名词性从句。 共同点二：从句内部一律用陈述语序（主语在前、谓语在后），不能写成疑问句语序。 共同点三：连接词的选择规则四类是通用的——从句完整且不缺成分用 that；表“是否”用 whether（宾语从句可用 if）；缺成分用相应的连接代词或连接副词。 推论：学会连接词总表，四类从句可以同时拿下。 易错提醒四：名词性从句与定语从句的分界 名词性从句：从句本身就是那个名词性成分，前面没有先行词——What he said is true.（what 从句作主语） 定语从句：从句修饰前面的名词，前面有先行词，关系词在从句中作成分——The words that he said are true.（that 从句修饰 the words） 速判：把从句整体换成“这件事／这个东西”，若句子仍然成立，多半是名词性从句。 2.2 连接词总表：that / whether / 疑问词 名词性从句的连接词分三类：从属连词（that、whether / if）、连接代词（what、who、whom、whose、which 及 -ever 类）、连接副词（when、where、why、how）。三类在四类从句中通用，这是本专题最省力的一处。 类别 连接词 是否作成分 能否省略 例句 从属连词 that 不作成分、无词义 宾语从句常可省；主语从句（句首）、表语从句、同位语从句不省 I think (that) he is right. 从属连词 whether / if 不作成分，意为“是否” 不能省略 I wonder whether / if he will come. （介词后、主语从句、表语从句只用 whether） 连接代词 what 作主语、宾语或表语，意为“什么／所……的” What he said is true.（what 作 said 的宾语） 连接代词 who / whom / whose 作主语／宾语／定语，保留疑问含义 I don't know who he is. 连接代词 which 作主语、宾语或定语，表“哪一个”（有限定范围） I can't tell which is better. 连接代词 whatever / whoever 等 作成分，意为“任何……的事物／无论谁” Whatever he says is right.（也可引导让步状语从句） 连接副词 when / where 在从句中作时间或地点状语 I don't know when he will come. 连接副词 why / how 在从句中作原因或方式状语 This is why he was late. ★ 连接词选用的三步判定（四类从句通用） 第一步：从句完整且不缺成分 → 用 that（陈述一个事实）。 第二步：从句完整但表示“是否”→ 用 whether；只有宾语从句可用 if，主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后的从句一律用 whether。 第三步：从句缺成分 → 用相应的连接代词或连接副词：缺主语或宾语（指物）用 what、指人用 who / whom、缺定语用 whose / which、缺状语用 when / where / why / how。 关键提醒：that 与 what 的分野只有一条——that 不作成分，what 必须作成分。 三条补充规则 ● whether 与 if 的分工：只有宾语从句可以用 if；主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后的宾语从句一律用 whether；whether 可直接接不定式（whether to do），if 不能。 ● that 的省略：宾语从句中常可省；主语从句（置于句首）、表语从句、同位语从句中的 that 一般不省；it 作形式主语时，句末的 that 常可省。 ● -ever 类连接词（whatever、whoever、whichever）既引导名词性从句，也引导让步状语从句；引导名词性从句时在从句中作成分，引导让步从句时只起连接作用。 易错提醒五：whether 与 if 的四条位置限制 主语从句：If he will come is unknown. → Whether he will come is unknown. 表语从句：The question is if we can go. → The question is whether we can go. 介词后的宾语从句：It depends on if it rains. → It depends on whether it rains. 与不定式连用：I can't decide if to go. → I can't decide whether to go. 只有一种情况两者通用：及物动词后的宾语从句——I wonder whether / if he will come. 2.3 that 与 what 的辨析 这是名词性从句的第一考点，也是最容易一错再错的地方。两者的分野只有一条：that 不作成分、无词义；what 必须作成分、有词义。 比较项 that what 在从句中作不作成分 不作任何成分 必须作主语、宾语或表语 有没有词义 没有词义，只起连接作用 有词义：什么／所……的事物 能否省略 宾语从句中常可省；其余一般不省 一律不能省 引导哪类从句 四类名词性从句都可引导 四类名词性从句都可引导 能否引导定语从句 能（that 是关系代词，作成分） 不能（what 不引导定语从句） 典型例句 That he passed the exam surprised us all.（从句 he passed the exam 完整，that 只连接） What he said surprised us all. （said 缺宾语，what 作 said 的宾语） 改写检验 换成 the news that ... 之类结构意义不变 what ＝ the thing(s) that，可展开为 the thing that he said ★ 一条判据解决九成题目 判据：把从句单独拿出来读，看它缺不缺主语、宾语或表语——缺，用 what（或 who / which 等连接代词）；不缺，用 that。 典型对照一：That he is honest is known to all.（从句完整 → that） ／ What he said is known to all.（said 缺宾语 → what） 典型对照二：I don't believe that he said so.（said so 完整 → that） ／ I don't believe what he said.（said 缺宾语 → what） 补充：what 不能引导定语从句，遇到“名词 ＋ what”必错，应改为 the ＋ 名词 ＋ that / which 或直接删去名词。 易错提醒六：一组必须背下来的对照句 That he is honest is known to all.（从句 he is honest 完整 → that） What he said is known to all.（said 缺宾语 → what） I don't believe that he said so.（said so 完整 → that） I don't believe what he said.（said 缺宾语 → what） 速判动作：把从句单独读一遍，读着“少了点什么”就是 what，读着完整就是 that。 2.4 主语从句与 it 形式主语 主语从句在课标中标注两个星号，属选择性必修，必须会用。它的两个重点是：连接词的选用以及 it 作形式主语的四种句式。后者在写作中极为实用。 项目 规则 例句 主语从句的位置 可置于句首（从句较长时显头重）；更常见的是用 it 作形式主语后置 That he came surprised us. It surprised us that he came. 由 that 引导 that 不作成分、无词义、不能省略（句首位置时） That he passed the exam is true. 由 whether 引导 表“是否”；不能用 if 代替 Whether he will come is not clear. 由连接代词引导 what / whoever / whatever 等在从句中作成分 What we need is more time. Whoever comes is welcome. 由连接副词引导 when / where / why / how 在从句中作状语 When the meeting will be held has not been decided. it 形式主语句式一 It + be + 形容词 + that（clear、obvious、important、necessary、strange） It is clear that he is honest. it 形式主语句式二 It + be + 名词 + that（a pity、a shame、a fact、no wonder） It is a pity that he failed the exam. it 形式主语句式三 It + be + 过去分词 + that（said、reported、believed、known、expected） It is said that he has gone abroad. it 形式主语句式四 It + 不及物动词 + that（seem、happen、appear、matter、occur to sb） It seems that he knows the truth. It happened that I was out. ★ 三条使用要点 要点一：从句作主语时谓语通常用单数（What we need is time.）；若表语为复数或 what 从句表复数内容，谓语也可用复数。 要点二：句首主语从句中的 that 绝对不能省，句末（it 结构）中的 that 常可省。 要点三：It + be + suggested / required / necessary + that 结构中，从句谓语常用 (should) ＋ 动词原形，这属虚拟语气，课标标注三个星号，学考不作要求，只作辨认。 易错提醒七：It is ... that ... 到底是形式主语还是强调句 还原法：去掉 It is / was 与 that，把剩余部分还原成正常语序，若句子完整且意思基本不变，就是强调句。 强调句：It is the book that I bought yesterday. → I bought the book yesterday.（完整） 形式主语：It is clear that he is honest. → 去掉后 clear he is honest 不成句 → 主语从句。 提示：强调句属课标标注三个星号的选修（提高类）内容，学考不作要求，此处只用于排除干扰。 2.5 宾语从句：三类宾语与四条规矩 宾语从句是名词性从句中唯一的必修内容（不带星号），也是学考的主战场。要掌握三类宾语（及物动词后、介词后、形容词后）与四条规矩（陈述语序、时态呼应、that 的省略、否定转移）。 项目 规则 例句 第一类：及物动词后 最常见；that 常可省略 I think (that) he is right. He said (that) he was busy. 第二类：介词后 介词后一般不用 that 引导（须借助 the fact that）；whether 可直接用在介词后，if 不能 It depends on whether it rains. It depends on if it rains（错误） 第三类：形容词后 sure、certain、glad、sorry、afraid、surprised、anxious 等后可接 that 从句 I am sure that he will come. I'm afraid that I can't help you. 规矩一：陈述语序 一律用陈述语序，不能写成疑问句语序 I don't know when will he come → I don't know when he will come. 规矩二：时态呼应 主句为过去时态时，从句须用相应的过去时态；但客观真理一律用现在时 He said (that) he was busy. The teacher said the earth moves around the sun. 规矩三：that 的省略 单个宾语从句可省；并列的两个宾语从句中，第二个 that 不省；有插入语或从句与主句被隔开时也不省 He said (that) he was tired and that he wanted to rest. 规矩四：否定转移 主句动词为 think、believe、suppose、expect、imagine 时，否定词放在主句，意义上否定从句 I don't think he is right.（不说 I think he isn't right） it 形式宾语 主语 ＋ 动词 ＋ it ＋ 宾补 ＋ that 从句；常用于 make / find / think / feel / consider ＋ it ＋ adj. / n. I find it necessary that we should start at once. ★ 四条易错提醒 提醒一：介词后不用 if，只用 whether；也不用 that 直接引导（须用 the fact that）。 提醒二：否定转移后，反意疑问句要与从句一致——I don't think he is right, is he?（不问 don't I）。 提醒三：宾语从句可用将来时（不受主将从现限制）——I think he will come tomorrow.（只有状语从句才“主将从现”）。 提醒四：suggest、insist、demand 后的宾语从句用 (should) ＋ 动词原形，属虚拟语气，三个星号，学考不作要求。 易错提醒八：否定转移与反意疑问句 适用动词：think、believe、suppose、expect、imagine、guess 等表示“认为、猜想”的动词。 转移规则：意义上否定从句，形式上否定主句——I don't think he is right.（不说 I think he isn't right） 反意疑问句与从句一致：I don't think he is right, is he?（不问 don't I） 若主句主语不是第一人称：He doesn't think I am right, does he?（此时与从句不一致，随主句）——这一条仅作了解，学考极少涉及。 2.6 表语从句 表语从句位于系动词之后，在课标中标注两个星号，属选择性必修。重点是 The reason ... is that ... 句式，以及 because 与 why 的分工。 类型 连接词 例句 要点 由 that 引导 that（不作成分、无词义、一般不省） The fact is that he never gave up. 口语中 that 偶可省，写作中建议保留 由 whether 引导 whether（不用 if） The question is whether we can finish it in time. 表语从句表“是否”只用 whether 由连接代词引导 what、who、which、whatever 等 This is what I want. The problem is who can do it. 连接代词在从句中作成分 由连接副词引导 when、where、why、how That is why he was late. This is how it works. 在从句中作状语 由 because 引导 because（表原因） He was late. That is because he got up late. because 表“原因”，why 表“结果” 由 as if / as though 引导 as if / as though（好像） It looks as if it is going to rain. 后接虚拟形式属虚拟语气，学考只作辨认 易错提醒九：The reason ... is that ... 与 That is why / because The reason why he was late is that he got up late.（why 引导定语从句修饰 reason，that 引导表语从句；不能用 because） He got up late. That is why he was late.（why 表结果） He was late. That is because he got up late.（because 表原因） 记忆：reason 后面跟 that，结果用 why，原因用 because。 2.7 时态呼应 名词性从句的时态呼应规则与状语从句完全不同：它不受“主将从现”限制，而是遵循“主句过去则从句后退一步；客观真理永用现在时”。 主句时态 从句时态规则 例句 一般现在时／一般将来时 从句按需使用任何时态，不受限制 I think he is honest.／I think he will come.／I think he was ill yesterday. 一般过去时（过去各类时态） 从句须用相应的过去时态：一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时 He said he was busy.／He said he had finished the work. 表达客观真理、谚语、习惯性事实 一律用一般现在时，不受主句时态影响 The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun. 从句有具体过去时间状语 可用一般过去时，无需改为过去完成时 He said he was born in 2010. ★ 三条提醒 提醒一：宾语从句不受“主将从现”限制——I think he will come tomorrow 完全正确；“主将从现”只适用于时间、条件、让步状语从句（专题12）。 提醒二：主句为过去时，从句往往要“后退一步”：现在→过去、将来→过去将来、过去→过去完成。 提醒三：客观真理永用现在时，这是时态呼应唯一的“免改项”。 2.8 同位语从句的构成与三条判定铁律 同位语是指两个成分指同一个人或同一件事，后者对前者作解释或说明；当这个“解释”由一个句子充当时，就是同位语从句。它的结构可以概括为：抽象名词 ＋ 连词 ＋ 完整从句，且名词的内容 ＝ 从句的内容。理解这一点，本专题就学会了一半。 组成部分 含义与识别方法 本例对应与译文 主句 含有被说明的抽象名词的主体句 The news excited everyone.（这个消息使大家兴奋。） 同位名词（被说明的词） 必须是抽象名词——它的“内容”可以被引申为一件事、一个想法或一个问题 the news（消息） 连词（that / whether / 疑问词） 只起连接作用：不作成分、没有词义、一般不能省略（这与定语从句的关系词完全不同） that（不充当任何成分，也无“那个”的意思） 从句 紧跟在抽象名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容；由 that 引导时，从句本身结构完整（主谓宾齐全） that our team won the game（我们队赢了比赛） 整体关系 名词 ＝ 从句的内容，二者是“等于”关系，可以互换位置而不改变意义 The news ＝ our team won the game （我们队赢了比赛这一消息使大家兴奋。） ★ 判定同位语从句的三条铁律 铁律一：从句必须是完整的——主、谓、宾齐全，不缺任何成分；若缺成分，那它就是定语从句或名词性从句。 铁律二：that 不作成分、没有词义、不能省略——这是同位语从句与定语从句最根本的分水岭。 铁律三：前面的名词必须是可“有内容”的抽象名词——book、boy、school 这类具体名词带的就是定语从句，不是同位语从句。 补充：同位语从句中一般不用 which，也不用 if（表“是否”用 whether）。 易错提醒四：同位语与同位语从句不是一回事 同位语可以是词或短语：Mr Li, our head teacher, is kind.（our head teacher 是同位语） 同位语从句必须是一个句子：The news that he won the prize is true. 判断标准：看“解释说明”的部分有没有自己的主语和谓语——有，就是从句。 注意：同位语常用逗号或破折号隔开，而同位语从句一般不用逗号（这与非限制性定语从句不同）。 2.9 常带同位语从句的抽象名词 同位语从句前面的名词必须是抽象名词，而且这个抽象名词必须“有内容可说”——消息有内容、想法有内容、问题有内容。具体名词（book、boy、school）没有“内容”，只能被修饰，因此后面跟的一定是定语从句。 语义类别 常见抽象名词 例句 消息与传闻类 news、information、message、word（消息）、report、story、rumour Word came that he had been admitted to the university. 事实与证据类 fact、truth、reality、evidence、proof、phenomenon The fact that he never gave up encouraged us all. 想法与看法类 idea、thought、belief、view、opinion、hope、feeling、impression I have no idea that he was already married. 疑问与疑难类 question、problem、doubt、puzzle、mystery、wonder The question whether we can finish it in time remains. 建议与要求类 suggestion、advice、proposal、request、requirement、demand、order、desire The suggestion that he (should) give up smoking is reasonable. 可能与机会类 possibility、chance、probability、likelihood、risk There is a possibility that the meeting will be put off. 承诺与决定类 promise、decision、plan、agreement、conclusion、excuse He made a promise that he would never lie again. ★ 记忆要点与两条反例 要点：凡是“可以被展开说明成一句话”的抽象名词，都能带同位语从句；检验办法是在名词后面加“即……／内容是……”，读得通即可。 反例一：具体名词不能带同位语从句——the book that I bought 中 book 没有“内容”，只能是被修饰，因而是定语从句。 反例二：reason 一般带定语从句（why）而非同位语从句——the reason why he was late（定语从句）；若说 the reason that he gave me，也是定语从句。 易错提醒五：两个最容易误判的名词 reason：一般带定语从句——the reason why he was late（从句 he was late 完整，why 作状语）；也可说 the reason that he gave me（that 作 gave 的宾语）。不要把它当成同位语从句处理。 doubt：在否定句与疑问句中常接 that（There is no doubt that he is honest.）；在肯定句中常接 whether（I have some doubt whether he will come.）。 chance / possibility：接 that 引导的同位语从句，也可接 of doing，但不能接 of + that 从句。 2.10 与定语从句、状语从句、强调句的辨析 名词性从句最常与定语从句（尤其在 what / that 上）、状语从句（尤其在 when / where 上）以及强调句（尤其在 It is ... that ... 上）混淆。辨析的关键仍是先看位置、再定类别、最后定连接词。 易混对象 判据 例句与结论 名词性从句 vs 定语从句 看从句前有没有名词：名词性从句的从句充当名词本身；定语从句前有先行词，关系词在从句中作成分 What he said is true.（主语从句，无先行词） The words that he said are true.（定语从句，先行词 the words） what 从句 vs that 定语从句 what ＝ the thing(s) that，本身已含先行词，因此前面不能再有名词 The book what I bought → The book (that / which) I bought. whether 从句 vs if 从句 看从句的位置：宾语从句两者皆可；主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后一律用 whether I wonder whether / if he will come.（宾语从句） Whether he will come is unknown.（主语从句，不用 if） 名词性从句 vs 强调句 还原法：去掉 It is / was 与 that 后句子仍完整，就是强调句 It is the book that I bought.（强调句） It is clear that he is honest.（主语从句，it 是形式主语） 名词性从句 vs 状语从句 看从句在句中充当什么：充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语是名词性从句；充当状语（修饰动词或整句）是状语从句 I don't know when he will come.（宾语从句） I was reading when he came in.（时间状语从句） ★ 一条通用排查顺序 ① 定位：从句在句中占什么位置（句首主语？动词或介词后宾语？系动词后表语？抽象名词后同位语？）。 ② 定性：位置决定类别，类别决定连接词的可省略性与whether / if 的选择。 ③ 定词：从句完整用 that，表“是否”用 whether（宾语从句可用 if），缺成分用连接代词或连接副词。 ④ 定语序：一律陈述语序。 ⑤ 定时态：主句过去则从句后退一步；客观真理用现在时。 易错提醒十一：when / where 引导的到底是哪种从句 宾语从句：及物动词后，从句充当宾语——I don't know when he will come. 主语从句：句首作主语——When he will come is not clear. 表语从句：系动词后——The question is when he will come. 状语从句：前面没有可作宾语或主语的空位，从句修饰主句动作——I was reading when he came in. 定语从句：前面有表示时间或地点的名词——I remember the day when we met. 2.11 六类常见错误与正误对照 把常见错误归成六类，写作与改错时按类自查，效率最高。其中“疑问句语序”“that 与 what 混用”“该用 whether 用了 if”三类频率最高，应重点防范。 错误类型 错例 正解与理由 第一类：疑问句语序 I don't know when will he come back. I don't know when he will come back. 名词性从句一律用陈述语序。 第二类：that 与 what 混用 That he said at the meeting surprised us. What he said at the meeting surprised us. said 缺宾语，必须用连接代词 what；that 不作成分。 第三类：该用 whether 用了 if Whether he will come is not clear. 写成 If he will come is not clear. It depends on if it rains. Whether he will come is not clear.（主语从句不用 if） It depends on whether it rains.（介词后不用 if） 第四类：误用 because 引导表语从句 The reason why he was late is because he got up late. The reason why he was late is that he got up late. The reason ... is that ... 是固定句式，不用 because。 第五类：名词后误用 what The book what I bought yesterday is useful. The book (that / which) I bought yesterday is useful. what 不能引导定语从句，它前面不能再有名词。 第六类：否定未转移 I think he isn't right. I don't think he is right. think、believe、suppose、expect 等须否定转移；反意疑问句要与从句一致：..., is he? ★ 写作自查六问 ① 从句是不是陈述语序？ ② 从句缺不缺成分——缺用 what，不缺用 that？ ③ 用不用 whether——主语、表语、同位语、介词后一律 whether？ ④ The reason ... is that ... 有没有写成 because？ ⑤ what 前面有没有多余的名词？ ⑥ 主句为过去时，从句时态有没有后退一步（客观真理除外）？ 考点一：主语从句 1．Stephen Curry is a living proof that ________ other people think of you does not have to influence what you become. A．that B．whether C．what D．which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：斯蒂芬·库里是一个活生生的证明，别人对你的看法不一定会影响你成为什么样的人。that引导同位语从句解释说明proof的具体内容。在同位语从句中，空处引导主语从句，且从句中动词短语think of缺少宾语，表示“……的内容”，用连接代词what引导该主语从句。 2．________ made him feel satisfied was that his students were able to read, write and speak in English. A．If B．As C．It D．What 【答案】D 【详解】句意：让他感到满意的是他的学生能够用英语读、写和说。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作谓语动词made的主语，表示“……的事情”，应用what引导。 3．________ the earth goes around the sun is known to us all. A．How B．What C．That D．Which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：地球绕着太阳转是我们大家都知道的。此处引导主语从句，该从句结构完整，不缺主语、宾语等任何成分，且句意完整，因此需要使用只起连接作用、在从句中不充当句子成分且无实际意义的连词that。 4． he said at the meeting surprised us. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】What 【详解】句意：他在会上所说的话让我们很吃惊。引导主语从句，并在从句中作said的宾语，表示“……的话”，用what。 5．It is certain he will help. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】句意：他一定会帮忙。It is certain that…为固定句型，it为形式主语，that引导主语从句，从句不缺成分，引导词没有含义。 6．It is a pity you missed the show. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】句意：很遗憾你错过了这场演出。本句是固定句型It is a pity that…，该句型中It作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句，在从句中不充当成分、无词义，只起连接作用，不能省略。 7．It is significant the two leaders will meet again next month. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】句意：两位领导人将于下月再次会面，这件事意义重大。这个句子是典型的It is+形容词+that引导的主语从句结构，句首的It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的陈述句the two leaders will meet again next month，空缺处需要填入引导主语从句的连接词that，在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。 8． he will come is not certain. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】Whether 【详解】句意：他是否会来还不确定。 空处位于句首，引导主语从句，从句中不缺少成分，根据“not certain”可知，需表达“是否”含义，应用从属连词whether引导，句首首字母大写。 考点二： 宾语从句 1．They eventually arrived at ________ is now called Greenland. A．that B．where C．what D．whose 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他们最终到达了现在被称为格陵兰岛的地方。介词at后接宾语从句，从句________ is now called Greenland中缺少主语，且表示“……的地方”，应用what引导该宾语从句并在从句中充当主语。 2．While making friends, we’re supposed to focus on what we have in common and set aside ________ we disagree. A．what B．that C．where D．if 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在交朋友时，我们应该关注我们的共同点，把我们有分歧的地方放在一边。设空处引导宾语从句，作动词短语set aside的宾语，从句“we disagree”主谓结构完整，不缺主语和宾语，且结合句意此处表示“我们有分歧的地方/方面”，应用where引导该从句并作抽象的地点状语。 3．Could you tell me ________ you dealt with these broken books? A．what B．how C．that D．which 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你能告诉我你是如何处理这些破损书籍的吗？  固定搭配：deal with（处理），要用how引导宾语从句。 4．I wonder book this is. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：我想知道这是谁的书。此处引导宾语从句，结合句意，表示“谁的”，修饰名词book，用连接代词whose作定语。 5．Please tell me we should do next. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】what 【详解】句意：请告诉我接下来我们该做什么。引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，表示“什么”，用连接代词what。 6．They rely on it everything will be fine. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】句意：他们指望一切都会好起来。固定结构rely on it that…表示“指望……”，it作形式宾语，that引导真正的宾语从句。 7．It is hard to judge the data collected in the experiment can support the scientist’s assumption. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whether/if 【详解】句意：很难判断实验中收集的数据是否能够支持这位科学家的设想。空处引导宾语从句，放在动词judge之后，表示“是否”，用whether/if。 8．We all know it takes plenty of time and energy to master a foreign language really well. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：我们都知道，要真正掌握一门外语需要花费大量的时间和精力。空格处引导宾语从句，该从句结构完整，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语to master a foreign language really well，因此空处需要用连接词that​来引导宾语从句，that在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。 考点三：表语从句 1．Tom was late for school this morning. This was ________ he missed the first bus to school. A．why B．because C．that D．how 【答案】B 【详解】句意：汤姆今天早上上学迟到了。这是因为他错过了去学校的首班车。A. why为什么；B. because因为；C. that起连接作用，没有含义；D. how如何。根据前一句Tom was late for school this morning和空后he missed the first bus to school可知，后一句解释迟到的原因，This was because...表示“这是因为……”。 2．My doubt is ________ we can keep the old custom alive in modern times. A．whether B．if C．that D．what 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我的疑问是，在现代我们是否能让这个古老的习俗保持活力。空处引导表语从句，解释主语doubt（疑问）的具体内容。从句结构完整，不缺成分，且表示不确定的“是否”之意，排除that和what。在引导表语从句时，通常只能用whether，不能用if。 3．The fact is ________ many farmers are in great need of technical support. A．what B．whether C．that D．if 【答案】C 【详解】句意：事实是很多农民急需技术支持。此处引导表语从句，从句中不缺成分，且句意完整，所以此处使用连接词that引导表语从句，只起连接作用，无词义，不作成分，不能省略。 4．The problem is we can afford it. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whether 【详解】句意：问题在于我们是否买得起它。空处引导表语从句，结合主语The problem可知，此处表示“是否”含义，所以用whether引导。 5．She worked late. That is she was tired the next day. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】why 【详解】句意：她工作到很晚。那就是她第二天疲惫的原因。 That is why…那就是……的原因，why引导表语从句。 6．He failed the exam. This is he didn’t study hard. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】because 【详解】句意：他考试不及格。这是因为他没有努力学习。学习不努力是考试没过的原因，此处填because，引导表语从句。 7．His suggestion is we hold a meeting. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】句意：他的建议是我们召开一次会议。此处引导表语从句，从句句意完整，不缺成分，用连接词that引导。 8．The truth is he has never been to Beijing. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】句意：事实是他从来没有去过北京。此空引导表语从句，从句的成分和句意均完整，用连接词that引导从句。 考点四：同位语从句 1．The suggestion ________ we should decorate the classroom was put forward by Tom. A．that B．whether C．what D．which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们应该装饰教室的建议是由汤姆提出来的。空格处引导的是一个同位语从句，用于解释说明名词suggestion的具体内容。从句we should decorate the classroom结构完整，不缺主语、宾语或表语，且句意完整，不需要补充疑问意义，因此应用只起连接作用且在从句中不充当任何成分的连词that引导。 2．The fact ________ he didn’t finish his homework made his teacher angry. A．what B．which C．that D．how 【答案】C 【详解】 句意：他没有完成作业这个事实让老师很生气。 名词fact后面的从句是用来解释fact的具体内容，属于同位语从句。同位语从句引导词that不作句子成分、无词义，但不能省略。 3．Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _________ a cure for AIDS will be found. A．which B．that C．what D．whether 【答案】B 【详解】句意：一些研究人员相信，毫无疑问会找到治愈艾滋病的方法。固定句型there is no doubt that...意为“……是毫无疑问的”，其中that引导同位语从句，解释说明doubt的具体内容，且that在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。 4．I have no idea he managed to finish the tough task within such a short period of time. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】how 【详解】句意：我不知道他是如何在这么短的时间内完成这项艰巨任务的。have no idea后面接同位语从句，从句句子成分完整，根据句意表示“如何”，此空填how。 5．We hold the firm belief consistent efforts will eventually bring positive changes. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】句意：我们坚信持续的努力终将带来积极的改变。抽象名词belief后的从句解释其具体内容，从句句子成分和语义均完整，此空填that，引导同位语从句。 6．The news our school will hold a sports meeting excites us. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】句意：我们学校将要举办运动会的这个消息让我们很兴奋。“The news excites us”是主句，“______ our school will hold a sports meeting”为同位语从句，解释说明the news的具体内容，从句成分和语义均完整，用that引导。 7．Many teenagers hold the view they should be allowed to make their own decisions on their personal matters. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：许多青少年认为，他们应当被允许在个人事务上自己做决定。空格前面是名词view，后面的句子是对view的具体内容进行解释说明，属于同位语从句。从句不缺成分，句意完整，陈述完整事实，应使用引导词that。 8．There is no doubt the activity not only equipped us with some practical skills but also raised our awareness of environmental protection. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】句意：毫无疑问，这项活动不仅使我们掌握了一些实用技能，还提高了我们的环保意识。此处为固定句型There is no doubt that...，that引导同位语从句，解释说明doubt的具体内容。 一、单项选择 1．________ has triggered heated debate among sociologists is ________ the pursuit of instant fulfillment is gradually weakening youngsters’ willingness to make long-term efforts. A．What; that B．That; what C．What; what D．That; that 【答案】A 【详解】句意：引起社会学家激烈辩论的是，对即时满足的追求正逐渐削弱年轻人做出长期努力的意愿。分析句子结构可知，第一个空引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，指代事物，应用what；第二个空引导表语从句，从句结构完整，不缺任何成分，且意义完整，应用只起连接作用、无词义的that。 2．________ we can make full use of mineral resources remains to be seen. A．If B．That C．Whether D．What 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们能否充分利用矿产资源还有待观察。此处引导主语从句，从句中不缺成分，但句意不完整，结合句意，此处表示“是否”,应用whether引导主语从句，可置于句首，if引导的主语从句不能放在句首。 3．It is obvious ________ modern science can help us solve agricultural difficulties. A．what B．whether C．that D．how 【答案】C 【详解】句意：很明显，现代科学能够帮助我们解决农业难题。此处为句型it be adj. that，it作形式主语，that从句为真正主语。 4．________ wants to take part in the field study must first read the safety instructions carefully, while ________ happens during the investigation should be recorded in as much detail as possible. A．Whoever; whatever B．No matter who; whatever C．Whoever; no matter what D．Anyone who; no matter what 【答案】A 【详解】句意：无论谁想参加实地考察，都必须首先仔细阅读安全说明，而在调查期间发生的任何事情都应尽可能详细地记录下来。第一空所在句子为整个句子的主语，属于主语从句，且从句中缺少主语，指人，表示“无论谁”，应用whoever（相当于anyone who）来引导。no matter who只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句，排除B；第二空位于连词while之后，同样引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，指物，表示“无论发生什么”，应用whatever（相当于anything that）来引导。no matter what同样只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句，排除CD。 5．________ is known to us all is that food shortage needs worldwide attention. A．It B．What C．That D．As 【答案】B 【详解】句意：众所周知的是，粮食短缺需要全世界的关注。“______ is known to us all”是一个主语从句，该主语从句中缺少主语，且表示“……的事情”，应用连接代词what引导。 6．________ industry, endurance, perseverance and self-belief, Stephen Curry eventually became ________ he wanted to be. A．By; that B．Through; what C．Beyond; what D．Within; who 【答案】B 【详解】句意：凭借勤奋、忍耐力、毅力和自信，斯蒂芬·库里最终成为了他想成为的人。By通过；Through通过，凭借；Beyond超出；Within在……之内。结合空后的“industry, endurance, perseverance and self-belief”可知，此处表示“凭借勤奋、忍耐力、毅力和自信”，应用介词By或Through；第二空引导表语从句，从句中wanted to be缺少表语，指代他想成为的身份或样子，应用what引导表语从句。 7．My experience tells me that it’s not ________ you are given but ________ you make use of it that determines who you are. A．which; that B．what; how C．that; how D．what; that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的经验告诉我，决定你是谁的不是你被给予了什么，而是你如何利用它。that引导的宾语从句中使用了强调句型it is+被强调部分+that+其他部分，被强调部分为not...but...连接的两个并列的主语从句。第一空引导主语从句，且在从句中作动词given的宾语，表示“什么”，应用what；第二空引导主语从句，且在从句中作方式状语，表示“如何”，应用how。 8．The nature documentary reveals to us, from various real-life cases, ________ we should do something to protect wetland ecosystems from further damage. A．why B．what C．which D．where 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这部自然纪录片通过各类真实案例向我们揭示，为什么我们应该采取行动，保护湿地生态系统免遭进一步破坏。空处引导宾语从句，在从句内部充当原因状语，表示“为什么”，应用why。 9．Many analysts suspect that ________ the social-media giant has done to harvest private user data behind the screen represents merely a preliminary trial, ________ accounts for my intention to permanently deactivate my personal account. A．whether; which B．what; which C．why; that D．/; that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：许多分析人士怀疑，这家社交媒体巨头在幕后为获取用户私人数据所做的一切仅仅是初步尝试，这也是我打算永久注销个人账户的原因。分析句子结构可知，第一空考查主语从句引导词，在从句“________ the social-media giant has done”中，done缺少宾语，表示“……的事情”，要用what引导；第二空考查非限制性定语从句，指代前面整件事情，用which引导，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 10．My doubt is ________ we can finish the task in such a short time. A．that B．what C．whether D．how 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的疑问就是我们能否在这么短的时间之内完成这项任务。此处为表语从句，主语的名词是doubt，意为“疑问”，从句中表示不确定的事，需要“是否”的含义，应用从属连词whether。 11．________ is known to us all is that China is a great country. A．It B．What C．That D．Which 【答案】B 【详解】句意：众所周知，中国是一个伟大的国家。主语从句缺少主语，从句缺少主语，表示“…… 的事情”应用what引导。 12．Just remember it is completely normal to deal with ________ family conflicts bring and ________ you and your family members can make joint efforts to fix your bond. A．which; what B．that; what C．that; that D．what; that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：只需记住，去处理家庭冲突所带来的（问题）是完全正常的，而且你和你的家人可以共同努力修复彼此的关系。第一空：空格处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指事物，用what引导该从句；第二空：句中and连接两个并列的宾语从句，作remember的宾语，第一个连接词that省略，第二个句子中结构完整，不缺少成分，用that引导，that 在从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用。 13．The exciting moment ________ Gerry will always remember is ________ he approaches the Harbor Bridge and the Opera House. A．which; what B．that; what C．what; when D．that; when 【答案】D 【详解】句意：格里将永远铭记的那个激动人心的时刻，是他接近海港大桥和歌剧院的时候。第一空：空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The exciting moment​，从句中缺少宾语，故用关系代词 that/which引导该从句。第二空：空格处引导表语从句，从句主谓宾结构完整，但需要表示“在……的时候”，故用连接副词when​引导表语从句。 14．________ makes the China International Import Expo (CIIE) special is ________ it’s the first of its kind in the world that is dedicated to import promotion. A．Which, what B．What, that C．That, what D．What, whether 【答案】B 【详解】句意：让中国国际进口博览会（进博会）与众不同的是，它是世界上首个专门致力于促进进口的展会。第一空为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“……的事物”，用连接代词what；第二空是表语从句，从句语义完整、不缺成分，用连接词that。 15．The main reason why rare birds are dying out is that ________ used to be their natural habitat has been polluted. A．where B．that C．what D．which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：珍稀鸟类灭绝的主要原因是曾经作为它们天然栖息地的地方遭到了污染。表语从句内部缺少主语，表示“……的地方”，what可在从句充当主语，where不能作主语，that无词义，which有选择含义，故选what。 二、单句语法填空 1．The problem is we should put the blame on, for nobody is totally blameless.(用适当的词填空) 【答案】whom/who 【详解】句意：问题在于我们该把责任归咎于谁，因为没有人是完全无罪的。空格处引导的是表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，此处表示“把责任归咎于谁”，空格处用whom/who表示“谁”。 2．The question is we can convince those farmers who are conservative.(用适当的词填空) 【答案】whether 【详解】句意：问题是我们能否说服那些思想保守的农民。此空考查表语从句，从句不缺主宾，根据句意表达“是否”，所以应填whether。 3． concerns local farmers most is that soil pollution is getting worse. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】What 【详解】句意：当地农民最担心的是土壤污染日益严重。空格处引导的是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，此处表示“当地农民最担心的事情”，因此用what引导主语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。 4． you have observed in the lab should be written down in your experimental notebook. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】Whatever 【详解】句意：你在实验室里观察到的任何内容都应当记录在实验笔记本上。此处引导主语从句，在从句中作observed的宾语，表示“无论什么，任何事物”，用whatever，位于句首，首字母需大写。 5．The fact is dirty wounds are easy to get infected without timely treatment. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】句意：事实是，如果不及时处理，脏伤口很容易感染。 系动词is后为表语从句，从句dirty wounds are easy to get infected without timely treatment句意完整、不缺成分，只需要起连接作用的that，that无词义，不能省略。 6．His uncertainty is the hypothesis can hold up when facing real‑world experimental conditions. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whether 【详解】句意：他的不确定之处在于，这个假设在面对现实世界的实验条件时是否站得住脚。该空需要一个连接词引导表语从句，空后从句不缺少成分；从句介绍主语His uncertainty的内容，根据句意，“不确定”应该是一个问句，表示对这个假设能否经得住现实实验检验的存疑，表语从句需要表示“是否”一般使用连词whether。 7．That is every lab member is supposed to master basic first‑aid knowledge for chemical injuries. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】why 【详解】句意：那就是为什么每位实验室成员都应当掌握化学伤害相关的基础急救知识。该空需要一个连接词引导表语从句；That is why... 是常用的固定句式，用来解释某件事的缘由。 8．This is we must keep in mind when we deal with victims suffering from severe chemical burns. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】what 【详解】句意：这是我们在处理遭受严重化学烧伤的受害者时必须牢记的事情。该空需要一个连接词引导表语从句，并指代事物在从句中作keep的宾语，表示“……的事物/内容”，应填what。 9． the new therapy, which has been tested on animals, can apply to human patients still needs clinical proof. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】Whether 【详解】句意：这种已在动物身上试验过的新疗法是否适用于人类患者，仍需要临床证据。空处引导主语从句，表示“是否”，位于句首引导主语从句只能用whether，不能用if。句首字母大写。 10．That is many experimental attempts ended in failure; they ignored key variables. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】why 【详解】句意：那就是许多实验尝试以失败告终的原因，他们忽略了关键变量。固定句型That is why…表示“那就是……的原因”，why引导表语从句，引出结果。 11． shocks medical workers is that some severe burn victims ignore necessary first‑aid measures. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】What 【详解】句意：令医务人员震惊的是，一些严重烧伤的受害者忽视了必要的急救措施。此处用连接代词What引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语，指事情，注意首字母大写。 12．Perseverance, combined with proper methods, is makes top students outstanding. (用适当的词) 【答案】what 【详解】句意：坚持不懈，加上正确的方法，正是顶尖学生脱颖而出的关键。空格处引导表语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，用连接词what。 13． he will attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】Whether 【详解】句意：他是否会出席这次会议还没有被决定。此处为主语从句，句子中不缺成分，缺少“是否”的含义，应用从属连词whether引导，句首首字母大写。 14． makes this book so popular among teenagers is its moving stories and positive attitude towards life. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】What 【详解】句意：使这本书在青少年中如此受欢迎的是它感人的故事和积极的生活态度。空格处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“……的东西”，应用连接代词what引导主语从句，句首单词首字母需大写。 15．The news our national football team had won the game spread very quickly throughout the whole country. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】句意：我们国家足球队赢得比赛的消息很快传遍了全国。分析句子结构，“The news”为抽象名词，空格处引导同位语从句，解释说明news的具体内容；从句“our national football team had won the game”结构完整、意义明确，应用that引导同位语从句。 一、阅读理解 A There’s nothing quite like a good road trip, is there? What better way to explore a new part of the world, see the sights and get to experience magical scenery on your way? But which roads are the most popular? Here are some of the roads whose photos are most frequently posted on Facebook. Wild Atlantic Way One thousand six hundred miles long, the Wild Atlantic Way crosses much of Ireland’s west coast. With views over the Atlantic Ocean, this winding road is home to amazing natural rock formations like the Cliffs of Moher and Slieve League. Abbey Road Home to perhaps the most famous image in the music world — the Beatles album (歌曲专辑) cover — Camden’s Abbey Road is near the Lord’s Cricket Ground. It’s one of the few roads on this list that doesn’t feature because of its driving charm! Great Ocean Road 150 miles across Australia’s south-easterly coast, the Great Ocean Road is an incomparable drive for any road trip lovers. Built between 1919 and 1932 by Australian soldiers on their return from the First World War, it is also the world’s largest war memorial (纪念碑). Carretera Austral This 770-mile road provides access to Chilean Patagonia and has a variety of scenery to enjoy, from the vast rainforest to the hanging glacier in Queulat National Park. So, if you’re looking for the perfect photo of a road (or road trip) to take your Facebook feed (动态) to the next level, you can follow our advice. Next step — booking your flight and finding a rental car. If you’re lucky enough to live near one of these roads, be sure to make the most of it! 1．If one is interested in studying rocks, which road trip can he take? A．Wild Atlantic Way. B．Abbey Road. C．Great Ocean Road. D．Carretera Austral. 2．What is special about the Great Ocean Road? A．Its fascinating views. B．Its cultural attraction. C．Its historic significance. D．Its unique location. 3．Where is the text likely from? A．A news story. B．A travel magazine. C．A construction report. D．A geography textbook. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是Facebook上最常发布照片的一些道路。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据“Wild Atlantic Way”部分中的“With views over the Atlantic Ocean, this winding road is home to amazing natural rock formations like the Cliffs of Moher and Slieve League.(在这条蜿蜒的道路上，可以看到大西洋的景色，这里有令人惊叹的天然岩层，比如莫赫悬崖和斯莱夫联盟悬崖。)”可知，在Wild Atlantic Way，拥有令人惊叹的天然岩层；，由此可知，如果对研究岩石感兴趣，可以选择Wild Atlantic Way。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据“Great Ocean Road”部分中的“Built between 1919 and 1932 by Australian soldiers on their return from the First World War, it is also the world’s largest war memorial (纪念碑).(它建于1919年至1932年之间，由澳大利亚士兵在第一次世界大战归来时建造，也是世界上最大的战争纪念碑。)”可知，Great Ocean Road是由澳大利亚士兵在第一次世界大战归来时建造，也是世界上最大的战争纪念碑；由此可知，Great Ocean Road的特别之处在于它的历史意义。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据首段中的“There’s nothing quite like a good road trip, is there? What better way to explore a new part of the world, see the sights and get to experience magical scenery on your way? But which roads are the most popular?(没有什么比公路旅行更美妙的了，不是吗?还有什么更好的方式来探索世界的一个新的部分，看风景，体验神奇的风景在你的路上?)”可知，本文介绍的是和公路旅行相关，所以本文应选自于旅行杂志。故选B项。 B James Smith has long succeeded in competition, even in snowball fights as a child. Now that he’s 80, his competitive edge has only gotten sharper. “Many have said, ‘You’re crazy’,” said Smith, who visits doctors every few months to check on his health. “But they’ve never told me not to run.” Smith not only runs ultramarathons — races longer than 26.2 miles that often take days to complete — he also sets records. Smith said, “I’ve never thought of my age as an obstacle (障碍). I have the attitude of: If somebody else can do it, why can’t I?” There are many stories behind his running. One of Smith’s races came in November 2016, when he took on the challenge of a 100-mile race in southwest China. The race meant a lot to him, as it was near the region where his father, Mickey, served in the U.S. Army Air Corps during World War II. Once, after Smith finished an ultramarathon in California, a stranger handed him a note that said, “Watching you struggle up that hill gave me the strength to fight my own illness. Thank you for showing me how to persevere.” For Smith, it was proof that running could inspire life beyond the finish line. After he finished the Badwater Ultramarathon, one of the world’s hardest footraces, Smith told his trainer Michael Johnson it would be his last ultramarathon. But Johnson said he would probably find one soon. “He’s showing what’s possible not just for him, but for you, for me, for all of us,” said Johnson. 4．How does James Smith monitor his condition regularly? A．By training with his coach. B．By getting medical check-ups. C．By achieving new records. D．By joining in snowball fights. 5．Why was the 100-mile race in China significant to James Smith? A．It helped him fight against his illness. B．It was his first ultramarathon. C．It honored his father’s wartime service. D．It was where he once grew up. 6．What kind of person is James Smith? A．Lonely and lost. B．Creative and smart. C．Strict and shy. D．Determined and encouraging. 7．What would be a suitable title for the passage? A．Never Too Old: Senior Fitness Redefined B．Running from the Past: A War Hero’s Son’s Journey C．Age Is No Barrier: The 80-Year-Old Ultramarathon Runner D．A Lifetime of Competition: From Soccer to Ultramarathons 【答案】4．B 5．C 6．D 7．C 【导语】本文讲述了80岁高龄的詹姆斯·史密斯坚持跑超级马拉松、不断挑战自我，并以自身行动激励他人的故事。 【详解】4．细节理解题。根据第一段“...who visits doctors every few months to check on his health.(……他每隔几个月就会去看医生检查身体健康状况)”可知，詹姆斯·史密斯通过定期体检监测自己的身体状况。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段“The race meant a lot to him, as it was near the region where his father, Mickey, served in the U.S. Army Air Corps during World War II. (这场比赛对他意义重大，因为比赛地点靠近他父亲米奇二战期间在美国陆军航空队服役的地区)”可知，这场在中国举办的100英里比赛对史密斯的特殊意义在于可以纪念父亲的战时服役经历。 6．推理判断题。根据第二段“I’ve never thought of my age as an obstacle (障碍). I have the attitude of: If somebody else can do it, why can’t I?(我从来不把年龄看作一种障碍。我的态度是：别人能做到，为什么我做不到？)”可知，史密斯意志坚定（determined）；再根据第三段““Watching you struggle up that hill gave me the strength to fight my own illness. Thank you for showing me how to persevere.” For Smith, it was proof that running could inspire life beyond the finish line.(“看着你奋力爬上那座山，给了我对抗自己疾病的力量。谢谢你教我如何坚持下去。”对史密斯来说，这证明跑步可以在终点线之外激励他人的人生)”可知，史密斯的行动也在不断激励他人（encouraging）。 7．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Now that he’s 80, his competitive edge has only gotten sharper.(现在他已经80岁了，他的好胜心反而变得更加明显)”、第二段中的“Smith not only runs ultramarathons — races longer than 26.2 miles that often take days to complete — he also sets records.(史密斯不仅参加了超级马拉松比赛——比赛长度超过26.2英里，通常需要几天时间才能完成——他还创造了纪录)”和“I’ve never thought of my age as an obstacle (障碍).(我从来不把年龄看作障碍)”并结合全文可知，本文讲述80岁的史密斯依然不断挑战超级马拉松、打破年龄限制并激励他人的故事，证明了是年龄从来不是追梦的阻碍，“Age Is No Barrier: The 80-Year-Old Ultramarathon Runner(年龄不是障碍：80岁的超级马拉松跑者)”最适合作为本文标题。 C China has become the world’s largest producer and market of EVs (电动汽车). According to a report, 9.58 million Chinese-made EVs were produced and 9.49 million were sold in 2023. Among the total sales, 1.2 million EVs were exported (出口). The Chinese government has been encouraging EVs as part of its effort for green, high-quality development. As a result, China’s EV industry develops very quickly. At Auto (汽车) China 2004, BYD was the only company showing EVs there. At Auto China 2024, there were 278 different EV models on show, including BYD, SAIC, Geely, Li Auto, Nio, Xpeng and other brands (品牌). China’s EV industry is now facing both challenges and chances. On the one hand, it’s reported that 71% of EV brands cut prices in 2023. As competition grows, customers can choose from more models — and the price war has made them affordable for ordinary families across the country. However, this has squeezed (压缩) the profit margins of EV makers. As a result, EV makers without the ability of innovation (创新) will face growing risks. In order to survive these growing risks and be both greener and smarter, Chinese EV makers are trying hard to improve technologies like battery quality and AI support. At the same time, the government is adding even more charging points (充电桩), so that drivers no longer have to worry about running out of power on the road. On the other hand, more Chinese people pay more attention to the environmental problems. This growing environmental awareness is encouraging more buyers to choose EVs. EVs are the way of the future. In an ideal world, everyone benefits from innovation and green transport. Some might get there sooner than others, and will gain greater rewards. It is very likely that China will hold the lead. 8．How many Chinese-made EVs were sold in China in 2023? A．8.38 million. B．9.49 million. C．9.58 million. D．8.29 million. 9．What is the purpose of Paragraph 2? A．To introduce different EV brands in China. B．To give some information about Auto China. C．To show the development of China’s EV industry. D．To advise people to buy Chinese-made EVs. 10．EV makers can most probably reduce growing risks by ________. A．advancing new technologies. B．winning the government’s support. C．adding more charging points. D．dealing with environmental problems. 11．What’s the writer’s attitude (态度) towards the future of China’s EV industry? A．Uncertain. B．Hopeful. C．Doubtful. D．Curious. 【答案】8．D 9．C 10．A 11．B 【导语】文章主要讲的是中国电动汽车（EV）产业的发展现状、政策支持、面临的挑战与机遇，以及未来前景。 【详解】8．细节理解题。根据第一段“According to a report, 9.58 million Chinese-made EVs were produced and 9.49 million were sold in 2023. Among the total sales, 1.2 million EVs were exported (出口).(根据一份报告，2023年中国制造的电动汽车产量为958万辆，销量为949万辆。其中，电动汽车出口120万辆)”可知，2023年在中国销售的中国制造的电动汽车是949万辆减去120万辆，等于829万辆。 9．推理判断题。根据第二段“The Chinese government has been encouraging EVs as part of its effort for green, high-quality development. As a result, China’s EV industry develops very quickly.(中国政府一直鼓励发展电动汽车，将其作为实现绿色、高质量发展的一部分。因此，中国的电动汽车产业发展非常迅速)”可知，第二段的目的是展示中国电动汽车产业的发展。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段“As a result, EV makers without the ability of innovation (创新) will face growing risks.(因此，没有创新能力的电动汽车制造商将面临越来越大的风险)”可知，电动汽车制造商很可能通过提高创新能力来降低不断增长的风险。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“EVs are the way of the future. In an ideal world, everyone benefits from innovation and green transport. Some might get there sooner than others, and will gain greater rewards. It is very likely that China will hold the lead.(电动汽车是未来的发展方向。在一个理想的世界里，每个人都能从创新和绿色交通中受益。有些人可能会比其他人更早到达那里，并将获得更大的回报。中国很有可能保持领先地位)”可知，作者对中国电动汽车行业的未来充满希望。 D Balancing Study and Exercise Senior high school students often feel that there are not enough hours in a day. Between classes, homework and exams, exercise is usually the first thing to give up. 12 Here is how to fit both into a busy week. Start small. Many students decide to run for an hour every day, and then stop after three days because their bodies ache. 13 Twenty minutes three times a week is a good beginning. When it becomes a habit, add more. Put exercise in your timetable. If exercise is not written down, it will not happen. 14 Treat it like a lesson that you cannot miss. In this way, you will stop feeling that you are “wasting” study time. Choose an activity you enjoy. 15 If you hate running, try badminton, swimming or dancing. When you enjoy what you are doing, you will not need to force yourself. Exercise with others. Joining a friend or a club makes it much harder to give up. 16 Also, talking with friends while you exercise is a good way to reduce stress. Remember: a healthy body supports a sharp mind. You are not choosing between study and sport—you are choosing both. A．Write it in your weekly plan, next to your maths and English lessons. B．Nobody can keep exercising if it feels like a punishment. C．In fact, regular exercise can make your study time more effective. D．It is better to begin with something you can manage. E．For example, put on your sports shoes as soon as you get home. F．You will feel that you are letting someone down if you do not go. G．However, giving up exercise is not the answer. 【答案】12．G 13．D 14．A 15．B 16．F 【导语】文章主要介绍了高中生在繁忙的学习中如何平衡学习和锻炼，提出了从小处开始、把锻炼列入时间表、选择喜欢的活动、与他人一起锻炼等建议。 【详解】12．根据前文“Senior high school students often feel that there are not enough hours in a day. Between classes, homework and exams, exercise is usually the first thing to give up.(高中生常常觉得一天中时间不够用。在上课、作业和考试之间，锻炼通常是第一个被放弃的事情。)”以及后文“Here is how to fit both into a busy week.(以下是如何将两者都融入繁忙的一周。)”可知，前文提出学生常放弃锻炼，后文引出平衡方法，G选项“However, giving up exercise is not the answer.(然而，放弃锻炼并不是答案。)”承接前后文，转折说明不应放弃锻炼，符合语境。 13．根据前文“Many students decide to run for an hour every day, and then stop after three days because their bodies ache.(许多学生决定每天跑一小时，然后三天后就因为身体疼痛而停止了。)”以及后文“Twenty minutes three times a week is a good beginning.(每周三次，每次二十分钟是一个好的开始。)”可知，前文指出不切实际的计划导致放弃，后文提出合理建议，D选项“It is better to begin with something you can manage.(最好从你能应付的事情开始。)”承接前后文，提出从小处开始，符合语境。 14．根据前文“Put exercise in your timetable. If exercise is not written down, it will not happen.(把锻炼列入你的时间表。如果锻炼没有被写下来，它就不会发生。)”可知，本段强调把锻炼写进计划，A选项“Write it in your weekly plan, next to your maths and English lessons.(把它写在你的周计划里，在你的数学和英语课旁边。)”承接前文，具体说明如何写进计划，符合语境。 15．根据前文“Choose an activity you enjoy.(选择一项你喜欢的活动。)”以及后文“If you hate running, try badminton, swimming or dancing. When you enjoy what you are doing, you will not need to force yourself.(如果你讨厌跑步，试试羽毛球、游泳或跳舞。当你喜欢你所做的事情时，你就不需要强迫自己。)”可知，本段强调选择喜欢的活动，B选项“Nobody can keep exercising if it feels like a punishment.(如果锻炼感觉像是一种惩罚，没有人能坚持下去。)”承接前文，说明不喜欢就无法坚持，符合语境。 16．根据前文“Exercise with others. Joining a friend or a club makes it much harder to give up.(与他人一起锻炼。加入朋友或俱乐部会让放弃变得更加困难。)”可知，本段强调与他人一起锻炼能增强责任感，F选项“You will feel that you are letting someone down if you do not go.(如果你不去，你会觉得你在让别人失望。)”承接前文，说明与他人一起锻炼能增加责任感，符合语境。 二、完形填空 Yunnan is rapidly emerging as one of China’s most appealing tourist and residential 17 . In 2025, the province 18 a remarkable surge in overnight foreign visitors, with the figure 19 by more than 50 percent compared with the previous year. The positive momentum has well 20 into 2026, as an increasing number of foreigners choose to travel, settle down and even launch their own 21 in this land. Its widespread popularity stems from Yunnan’s breathtaking 22 scenery, rich ethnic diversity and greatly improved public services. Distinct from crowded metropolises, it provides a leisurely lifestyle 23 fresh air, towering mountains and peaceful rural villages. Most overseas visitors admit that Yunnan brings them a sense of 24 which is hard to find elsewhere. To further boost its charm, local authorities have rolled out new policies 25 lifestyle-related industries. A batch of innovation hubs will be constructed 26 young pioneers and small business owners. Traditional old houses across rural areas are now being 27 into cozy cafes, art workshops and characteristic homestays. Thanks to the convenient 240-hour visa-free transit policy, it has become far less 28 for international travelers to plan a trip here. Nowadays, Yunnan has become an essential part in many foreigners’ 29 travel routes across China. Yunnan is no longer merely a temporary tourist spot; it has turned into a place for people to stay, create and communicate. A foreign travel blogger once commented, “Yunnan possesses a unique charm that makes you feel 30 at home. Once you set foot here, you will never truly 31 it.” 17．A．regions B．destinations C．branches D．facilities 18．A．witnessed B．predicted C．suspected D．confirmed 19．A．declining B．reducing C．arising D．rising 20．A．faded B．extended C．continued D．paused 21．A．careers B．campaigns C．businesses D．challenges 22．A．natural B．rural C．urban D．modern 23．A．beyond B．with C．against D．despite 24．A．responsibility B．achievement C．belonging D．security 25．A．to stress B．to support C．to restrict D．to update 26．A．in honor of B．in place of C．in charge of D．in favor of 27．A．transformed B．divided C．separated D．translated 28．A．complex B．flexible C．regular D．ordinary 29．A．narrow B．complete C．casual D．brief 30．A．merely B．nearly C．barely D．partly 31．A．abandon B．miss C．leave D．forget 【答案】 17．B 18．A 19．D 20．C 21．C 22．A 23．B 24．C 25．B 26．D 27．A 28．A 29．B 30．B 31．D 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了云南凭借自然风光、多元民族文化与便利政策吸引大量外国游客定居创业，当地扶持特色产业，独特魅力让外国人有强烈归属感，成为热门旅居目的地。 【详解】17．考查名词。句意：云南正迅速成为中国最具吸引力的旅游和居住目的地之一。A. regions地区，区域；B. destinations目的地；C. branches分支，分部；D. facilities设施，设备。根据句意以及上文“Yunnan is rapidly emerging as one of China’s most appealing tourist”可知，云南是人们旅游、定居的目的地。 18．考查动词。句意：2025年，该省过夜外国游客数量显著增长，较上一年上升超过50%。A. witnessed见证；B. predicted预测；C. suspected怀疑；D. confirmed确认。根据句意以及下文“a remarkable surge in overnight foreign visitors”可知，2025年，该省过夜外国游客数量显著增长。 19．考查动词。句意：2025年，该省过夜外国游客数量显著增长，较上年上升超过50%。A. declining下降；B. reducing减少；C. arising出现，产生；D. rising上升，增长。根据前文“a remarkable surge”明确提到显著激增，说明游客数据同比上涨 50% 以上。rising 用于描述数字、数值的增长，与surge形成呼应。 20．考查动词。句意：这种积极态势一直延续至2026年，越来越多的外国人选择来到这片土地旅行、定居，甚至创办自己的企业。A. faded消退，褪色；B. extended延伸（时间/空间长度）；C. continued延续，持续；D. paused暂停。根据前文“with the figure ________ by more than 50 percent compared with the previous year”讲2025 年的增长态势，以及后文“into 2026”可知，良好势头延续到了 2026 年。continue into 表示“持续至……”，侧重趋势的不间断延续。 21．考查名词。句意：这种积极态势一直延续至2026年，越来越多的外国人选择来到这片土地旅行、定居，甚至创办自己的企业。A. careers职业，事业；B. campaigns活动，运动；C. businesses生意，企业；D. challenges挑战。根据句意以及上文“as an increasing number of foreigners choose to travel, settle down”可知，此处指的是越来越多的外国人选择来到这片土地旅行、定居，甚至创办自己的企业。 22．考查形容词。句意：其广泛受欢迎的原因在于云南令人惊叹的自然风光、丰富的民族多样性以及大幅提升的公共服务水平。A. natural自然的；B. rural乡村的；C. urban城市的；D. modern现代的。根据后文“fresh air, towering mountains and peaceful rural villages”都属于自然景观范畴，可知，云南的核心旅游吸引力正是自然风光。 23．考查介词。句意：与拥挤的大都市不同，这里提供着清新空气、巍峨群山和宁静乡村生活的悠闲方式。A. beyond超越，超出；B. with带有，具有；C. against反对，倚靠；D. despite尽管。根据句意以及下文“fresh air, towering mountains and peaceful rural villages”可知，此处表达云南提供了一种拥有新鲜空气、巍峨群山与宁静乡村的悠闲生活方式，with 引导后置定语修饰 lifestyle，表示“带有某种特征”，符合语义逻辑。 24．考查名词。句意：大多数海外游客都承认，云南给予他们一种难以在其他地方找到的归属感。A. responsibility责任；B. achievement成就；C. belonging归属感；D. security安全。根据前文“it provides a leisurely lifestyle _______ fresh air, towering mountains and peaceful rural villages”提到云南适合定居、生活节奏悠闲，可知，云南给予他们一种难以在其他地方找到的归属感。 25．考查动词不定式。句意：为进一步提升魅力，当地政府推出了支持生活方式相关产业的新政策。A. to stress强调；B. to support支持，扶持；C. to restrict限制；D. to update更新。根据后文“Traditional old houses across rural areas are now being ________ into cozy cafes, art workshops and characteristic homestays.”提到建设创新中心、改造老房子做民宿，都是扶持产业的具体举措，因此当地出台政策是为了支持生活类产业发展。 26．考查介词短语。句意：一批创新中心将被建设起来，以扶持青年创业者和小本生意人。A. in honor of为纪念；B. in place of代替；C. in charge of负责；D. in favor of支持，有利于。根据句意以及上文“A batch of innovation hubs will be constructed”可知，建设一批创新中心，其导向是扶持青年创业者和小微企业主。 27．考查动词。句意：农村地区的传统老宅如今正被改造成温馨的咖啡馆、艺术工坊和独具特色的民宿。A. transformed改造，转变；B. divided划分；C. separated分离；D. translated翻译。根据上文“Traditional old houses across rural areas are now being”以及下文“cozy cafes, art workshops and characteristic homestays”可知，传统老民居被改造成咖啡馆、艺术工坊、特色民宿，transform...into... 是固定搭配，意为“将…… 改造/转变为……”。 28．考查形容词。句意：得益于便捷的240小时免签过境政策，国际游客计划前往这里旅行变得简单得多。A. complex复杂的；B. flexible灵活的；C. regular规律的；D. ordinary普通的。根据前文“Thanks to the convenient 240-hour visa-free transit policy”提到 240 小时过境免签政策十分便利，因此国际游客规划行程就远没有那么复杂了。 29．考查形容词。句意：如今，云南已成为许多外国游客在中国完整旅行路线中的重要一环。  A. narrow狭窄的；B. complete完整的；C. casual随意的；D. brief简短的。根据句意以及下文“travel routes across China”可知，云南已成为许多外国游客在中国完整旅行路线中的重要一环。 30．考查副词。句意：一位外国旅行博主曾评论道：“云南拥有独特的魅力，让你感觉仿佛置身于家中。”A. merely仅仅；B. nearly几乎，差不多；C. barely几乎不；D. partly部分地。  根据句意以及上文“Yunnan possesses a unique charm”可知，此处表达云南有着独特的魅力，让你感觉几乎就像在家一样。 31．考查动词。句意：一旦踏上这片土地，你便永远不会忘记。A. abandon抛弃，放弃；B. miss想念，错过；C. leave离开；D. forget忘记。根据语境以及上文“Once you set foot here”可知，此处指的是一旦踏上这片土地，你便永远不会忘记。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Do you remember a time when you had no worries about getting a good night’s rest? 32 (unfortunate), your happy childhood is probably a thing of the past. A recent survey has found that many people suffer 33 sleep problems. Some are unable to fall 34 (sleep), some wake up in the middle of the night, and others simply do not get enough sleep. One of the reasons why people fail to get a good night’s sleep 35 (be) pressure from school or work. Noise pollution and light pollution in big 36 (city) may also contribute to sleep problems. In the short term, people with sleep problems often feel tired and have trouble 37 (concentrate). In the long term, they may be at increased risk of having 38 poor memory, being overweight and suffering a heart attack. Sleep problems are especially dangerous for teenagers. They are still growing, and night is the time when 39 (they) bodies grow faster. Teenagers who do not get enough sleep may experience situations 40 body development slows down, and their health suffers. So, if you have a sleep problem, it might be time 41 (make) some changes to your lifestyle. 【答案】 32．Unfortunately 33．from 34．asleep 35．is 36．cities 37．concentrating 38．a 39．their 40．where 41．to make 【导语】主要介绍了当下很多人存在睡眠问题，分析了产生睡眠问题的原因以及睡眠不足带来的危害，并建议人们调整生活方式改善睡眠。 【详解】32．考查副词。句意：不幸的是，你快乐的童年或许已经成为过去。此处修饰后面整个句子，要用副词形式，unfortunate是形容词，副词形式为unfortunately“不幸地”，位于句首，首字母大写。 33．考查介词。句意：最近一项调查发现许多人遭受睡眠问题的困扰。此处为固定搭配suffer from，意为“遭受；受……折磨”，所以此处为介词from。 34．考查形容词。句意：一些人无法入睡，一些人在半夜醒来，还有一些人睡眠不足。此处为固定搭配fall asleep，意为“入睡”，所以此处为形容词asleep。 35．考查主谓一致。句意：人们无法睡个好觉的原因之一是来自学业或工作的压力。本句主语为One of the reasons，“one of+名词复数”作主语时谓语动词用单数，本句为一般现在时，所以be动词用is。 36．考查名词复数。句意：大城市里的噪音污染和光污染也可能造成睡眠问题。city是可数名词，前面没有限定词，结合句意表示多个城市，所以用复数形式cities。 37．考查非谓语动词。句意：短期来看，有睡眠问题的人常常感到疲惫并且难以集中注意力。此处为固定搭配have trouble (in) doing sth.，意为“做某事有困难”，介词in可以省略，后面接动名词，所以此处为concentrating。 38．考查冠词。句意：从长期来看，他们记忆力变差、超重以及患心脏病的风险会增加。memory前面有形容词poor修饰，此处表示“一种较差的记忆力”，为泛指，poor是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词a。 39．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：他们仍在成长，夜晚是他们身体长得更快的时候。此处修饰名词bodies，需要形容词性物主代词，they的形容词性物主代词是their。 40．考查定语从句。句意：睡眠不足的青少年可能会遇到身体发育变慢、健康受损的情况。先行词是situations，属于抽象地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where。 41．考查非谓语动词。句意：所以，如果你有睡眠问题，也许是时候对你的生活方式做出一些改变了。此处为固定句型it is time to do sth.，意为“是做某事的时候了”，不定式作后置定语，所以此处为to make。 四、书信写作 42．假如你是李华，你的外教Mr Geller打算让8岁的女儿在中国学习一门传统艺术作为兴趣，他写邮件征求你的意见。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括： 1.推荐一项传统艺术并简述原因； 2.提出学习建议。 注意： 1.词数：80左右； 2.内容应包括以上要点，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3.开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Mr Geller, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】范文： Dear Mr. Geller, Knowing from your last email that you plan to let your daughter learn a traditional art in China, I’m glad to offer my advice. As a fan of Chinese calligraphy, I’ll recommend it without hesitation because it’s a natural combination of beauty, history and technique. To learn it well, one may need to devote oneself to long hours of practice. Besides, signing up for a calligraphy course would be a wise choice, which would help her study systematically. It’d also be beneficial to imitate the works of famous calligraphers. I do hope you’ll find my advice helpful. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以李华的身份给外教Mr. Geller回一封邮件，为他8岁的女儿推荐一门中国传统艺术并说明原因，同时提出学习建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 传统：traditional→conventional 报名：sign up for→register for/enroll in 明智的：wise→sensible/prudent 有益的：beneficial→advantageous 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：It’d also be beneficial to imitate the works of famous calligraphers. 拓展句：It’d also be beneficial to imitate the works that were created by famous calligraphers. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Knowing from your last letter that you plan to let your daughter learn a traditional art in China, I’m glad to offer my advice. (运用了现在分词短语Knowing...作状语，以及that引导的宾语从句作Knowing的宾语) 【高分句型2】Besides, signing up for a calligraphy course would be a wise choice, which would help her study systematically. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $