学考专题14 阅读理解：知识盘点+核心精讲+进阶训练（讲义，全国通用）2027年高中英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题14 阅读理解 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 研|核心专题精讲 考点一 细节理解题 考点二 推理判断题 考点三 词句猜测题 考点四 主旨大意题 练|巩固提升训练 本模块依据《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2025年修订）》对本专题在学考中的要求进行梳理，并结合近年全国各地学业水平考试命题实践作出趋势判断。 1.1 课标依据与学考层级要求 课标对“读”的要求集中在表10 语言技能内容要求中，必修课程的理解性技能共 16 条，其中与阅读直接相关的有 10 条，核心是第 3 条“提取语篇中的主旨要义和关键信息”、第 4 条“分析比较书面语篇中信息、知识或观点之间的关联”、第 6 条“概括书面语篇中的主要信息、观点及其支撑论据”、第 10 条“根据上下文线索或非文字信息推断词语的意义”、第 15 条“根据语篇事实或语言表达，推断、评价说话人或作者的行为、观点、意图和态度”。这 16 条全部属于必修，不带星号——读，是学考的核心能力，没有“提高类才要求”的说法。 课标条目 内容要求原文（节选） 对应阅读能力 学考要求 第 1 条 辨识不同类型的语篇，把握其语篇结构及语言特征 体裁识别 熟练掌握 第 2 条 梳理语篇中主要事件的发生、发展和结局等 记叙文要素梳理 熟练掌握 第 3 条 提取语篇中的主旨要义和关键信息 主旨大意题＋细节题 熟练掌握 第 4 条 分析比较书面语篇中信息、知识或观点之间的关联 共同点／归纳题、比较题 熟练掌握 第 6 条 概括书面语篇中的主要信息、观点及其支撑论据 主旨概括与结构梳理 熟练掌握 第 8 条 辨识语篇中关键字词和关键概念以快速获取相关信息 关键词定位 熟练掌握 第 10 条 根据上下文线索或非文字信息推断词语的意义 词义猜测题 熟练掌握 第 11 条 识别书面语篇中常见的指代和衔接关系 指代题＋衔接判断 熟练掌握 第 12 条 根据书面语篇的标题、图片、图表和关键词等信息，推断语篇的主题和内容 图表信息题＋主题推断 熟练掌握 第 13 条 分析书面语篇段落间和上下文间的逻辑关系，评价作者的写作策略和技巧 段落关系与写作策略 熟练掌握 第 15 条 根据语篇事实或语言表达，推断、评价说话人或作者的行为、观点、意图和态度 推理判断题＋观点态度题 熟练掌握 1.2 学考与高考的考查差异 阅读理解在两类考试中都是分值最大的板块，但考查的“苛刻程度”差别明显。学考文本词数更短、题量更少、选项干扰更弱；高考文本词数更长、选项干扰更强、且常常把考查点藏在逻辑关系里。这个差别决定了学考的训练重点应当放在基础动作的熟练化上，而不是高级技巧的钻研上。 比较维度 学业水平考试（学考） 高考 文本长度 250—350 词（据 19 份真题实测，单篇体量较小） 400 词以上，一篇可抵学考两篇 篇数与题量 每卷 2—3 篇，每篇 3—5 题（标准 4 题） 3—4 篇，每篇 4 题（A/B/C/D 篇） 体裁 说明文 45%、记叙文 30%、应用文 21%、议论文 2%（3年真题实测） 覆盖面更广，文学性语篇与复杂议论文比例明显更高 选项干扰 多为同义替换与范围过大／过小，干扰相对温和 无中生有、张冠李戴、以偏概全、过度绝对四类齐备，且刻意设置“似是而非”项 推理题比例 较低，答案基本能定位到具体句子 较高，常需跨段整合或推断隐含意义 图表题 较少，但已开始出现（如饼图数据比较） 常见，且常作为“主数据来源” 得分目标 “读懂并找得到”——把题做对即可 “读懂、找准、辨得清”——要在强干扰中突围 易错提醒：学考学生最容易走的三条弯路 弯路一：把阅读当成“词汇大赛”。 学考文本 250—350 词，生词率远低于高考。多份真题实测显示，阅读题的失分主因不是“看不懂”，而是“看懂了却选错”——即定位不准、干扰项没排除。建议：把记单词的时间压缩，把练定位的时间加倍。 弯路二：先读全文再读题。 正确顺序是先读题、圈关键词，再带着问题扫读。先读全文会让学生读完仍不知道要找什么，于是“凭印象选”——这是学考阅读最大的时间黑洞。 弯路三：主攻“难题技巧”，忽略“简单题必得分”。 学考细节题的答案几乎都能在原文找到对应句，这类题不该丢分。请学生记住一句话：“先把该对的题全对，再谈难题”——阅读提分永远是这个顺序。 1.3 2027命题趋势观察与备考策略 综合真题的实测数据与课标要求，阅读理解的命题呈现三条清晰趋势。下表把趋势、表现与备考动作并列，供制定复习计划时直接取用。 趋势 表现 备考动作 趋势一：说明文仍是绝对主力 118 篇语篇中说明文 53 篇（45%），2025 湖南、2025 鞍山、2025 陕西、2025 辽宁大连等卷均为说明文；说明文的题目多为可定位的细节题，最考验定位基本功 练熟六种定位信号与同义替换的比对习惯；把“定位句在哪一段第几句”当作讲评的固定落点 趋势二：“共同点／归纳题”成为新增高频题型 2024 甘肃卷、2025 陕西卷、2025 鞍山卷、2026 辽宁大连卷连续四年出现“What do the … have in common?”，且对象数从 two 递增到 four 专项训练四步比对法；每篇说明文都自己动手列一张“对象—特征”表 趋势三：应用文末题趋于稳定，图表题开始抬头 “In which section of a magazine／newspaper…”在福建卷、陕西卷、泰州卷反复出现；2024 辽宁卷出现饼图数据比较题，2026 北京卷出现多模态文本 把广告、通知、栏目介绍、科普短文的版式特征讲清楚；训练看图取数与图文互证 备考策略四条 ● 第一条：把训练单位从“题”改成“定位”。 每篇阅读做完后，不只对答案，还要在原文上画出每道题的定位句。画不出来的题，说明是蒙对的，必须重做。这一条做到位，细节题的正确率能从四五成提到八九成。 ● 第二条：建立“体裁—题法”对应表。 说明文练定位与主旨，记叙文练要素与情感线，应用文练匹配与出处，议论文练论点与论据。每次阅读前先判断体裁，再决定读法。 ● 第三条：归纳题单独成块训练，不混在别的题里做。 这类题耗时更长、失误更集中，混着做会被前面题目的惯性带偏。建议每周一次专项，一次 3—4 篇说明文，每篇只做归纳题。 易错提醒：学考整卷的时间分配 阅读理解 18—20 分钟（2—3 篇，每篇 6—8 分钟）；完形填空 8 分钟（10—15 题，每题 40 秒左右）；语法填空 6 分钟（10 题，每题 35 秒）；书面表达 25 分钟（含 5 分钟检查）；机动 3—5 分钟。 若卷面含单项选择或改错，从机动时间中扣，并相应压缩阅读——但阅读的 18 分钟不可再压：它是分值最高的板块，压阅读等于压分数。 给学生的硬性要求：单题超过 90 秒立刻跳过。 一道题纠结两分钟，等于后面的两篇少了两分钟——这是学考阅读失分的隐形大头。 2.1 板块构成与分值定位 板块 在卷中的地位 真题实际形态 阅读理解 分值最大的板块， 19 卷全部设置 每卷 2—3 篇，每篇 3—5 题（标准 4 题）；体裁覆盖应用文、记叙文、说明文，偶见议论文与夹叙夹议 完形填空 19 卷全部设置 10—15 题，一篇短文； 考查动词、形容词、副词、名词、连词等词类与搭配 语法填空 19 卷全部设置 10 题（1 个词／词形）； 考查时态语态、非谓语、词性、冠词、介词、连词、时态呼应 书面表达 19 卷全部设置 应用文为主（书信、邮件、投稿、申请、发言稿）； 词数 80—100，个别卷有图表描述类 单项选择 / 改错 仅部分卷设置 （如甘肃卷、广东卷、云南卷） 10 题单选或 5 句改错； 多为词类、时态、固定搭配 统计依据：2024 年 1 月辽宁卷、2024 江苏卷、2024 湖北卷、2024 甘肃卷、2024 陕西卷、2025 年 6 月福建卷、2025 年 7 月云南卷、2025 安徽卷、2025 广东卷、2025 江苏卷、2025 河南许昌卷、2025 湖南卷、2025 辽宁鞍山卷、2025 陕西卷、2026 北京卷、2026 辽宁大连卷、2025—2026 江苏泰州卷、2023—2024 福建卷、2024 年 12 月贵州卷，共 19 份。 易错提醒：阅读理解与其它板块的真实关系 它们不是并列关系，而是主从关系。 完形填空的语篇是一篇文章，语法填空的语篇也是一篇文章——学生每读一篇，都在练阅读；阅读能力直接抬高完形与填空的正确率。 作文也在“读”。 应用文作文的题目本身是一段材料（如图文信息、图表），读不懂材料就写不对，所以作文讲评也应当回到“材料读懂了吗”这个起点。 语言学习不应以孤立的单词或句子为单位，而应以语篇为单位进行”。 2.2 语篇体裁分布与各体裁阅读要领 对 118 篇真题语篇作体裁统计，分布结果相当集中：说明文占 45%，记叙文占 30%，应用文占 21%，三者合计 96%。这意味着复习时间应当按这个比例来分配，而不是平均用力。 体裁 篇数 真题样例 阅读要领 说明文 53 篇 （45%） 2025 湖南卷“Coexistence Plan Shop”； 2025 辽宁卷“如何判断猫咪能否与其他猫相处”； 2025 陕西卷“gilli 等三项运动” 抓说明对象与说明顺序（时间／空间／逻辑）； 细节题几乎全部落在原文定位句上， 但“共同点”类题需跨段比较 记叙文 35 篇 （30%） 2025 河南卷“初到伦敦”； 2025 云南卷“父亲的自行车”； 2023—2024 福建卷“Spud Webb 的励志故事” 抓时间线与情感线； 细节题看事件六要素， 主旨题看首尾段与标题 应用文 25 篇 （21%） 2024 甘肃卷“四本青少年读物”； 2025 湖南卷“四个音乐夏令营”； 2025 泰州卷“最佳旅游目的地” 抓信息定位与匹配； 应用文几乎没有推理题， 全是原文细节； 末题常考出处/体裁判断 议论文 2 篇 （2%） 2024 江苏卷“遇到困难时寻求帮助是有益的” 抓论点与论据的对应； 主旨题看首段末句或主题句； 观点态度题要看评价性词语 夹叙夹议 2 篇 （2%） 2024 甘肃卷“悬索桥与自由” 先分清“叙”与“议”： 叙事段出细节，议论段出主旨与态度 易错提醒：三种体裁的“读法”必须分开教 说明文——读“结构”。 它的骨架是“总—分—总”，答案几乎都能定位到具体句子。读法：先找总起句确定“讲什么”，再按段落逐个抓住“讲了什么”。 记叙文——读“线”。 它的骨架是时间线与情感线，细节题考事件要素（谁、何时、何地、做了什么、结果如何），主旨题常常落在末段的情感升华上。 应用文——读“点”。 它的骨架是分散的信息点（时间、地点、价格、对象、要求），题目几乎全是信息匹配，读法是“扫读圈点”，不是“通读全文”。 三种读法混用，是学考阅读效率低下的深层原因。 建议在卷面开头的标题处先判体裁，再定读法——这一动作只需两秒，却能省下大量时间。 2.3 设问角度分类与真题频次 读懂文章只是第一步，读懂题问什么才决定能不能拿分。对阅读题逐题归类，结果显示设问角度高度集中。 设问角度 频次 真题设问原句（节选） 解题抓手 细节理解 最高频 （占绝对多数） What is special about Pedal the Cause? What should be done before you shut off the knobs? How much time is needed to volunteer according to the passage? 定位句 ＋ 同义替换； 题干关键词回原文找同义表达， 选项与原文有词面差异时才对 推理判断 次高频 What probably limited Beaton's imagination? What can we learn from the passage? 由文本证据推出结论， 结论必须有原文依据， 不可凭常识外推 主旨大意 中频 What does the passage mainly talk about? What's the text mainly about? What is the text mainly about? 首尾段＋段落主题句＋标题； 选项是全文概括， 不是某一段的概括 共同点／归纳 中频，且逐年上升 What do the three sports have in common? What do the four walks have in common? What do the last two books have in common? 逐项比对每个对象的特征， 找出交集； 这是最易错的一类 写作目的 低频但必考 What's the purpose of the text? Who are the music camps mainly intended for? 应用文看“给谁看、干什么用”； 说明文／记叙文看“作者想干什么” 出处体裁判断 低频但极固定 In which section of a magazine can we find the text? In which section of a newspaper can you find this text? Where is the passage probably from? 文本特征反推来源： 有价格／联系方式 → 广告； 有活动日期地点 → 通知； 有分段标题 → 报刊栏目 词义猜测／指代 很少 What does the underlined word "it" in the first text refer to? 上下文线索法： 找同位解释、举例、对比、 以及上下文中的复现词 ★ 三条命题规律（决定复习时间怎么分配） 规律一：细节理解是绝对主力，推理判断与主旨大意是第二梯队。 这意味着“准确定位”是最值钱的能力——它同时决定细节题与推理题的成败。 规律二：“共同点／归纳题”已成为高频新题型。 2025 年陕西卷、辽宁鞍山卷、辽宁大连卷、2024 甘肃卷均出现“What do the … have in common?”，这是近年最明显的新增考点，必须专项训练。 规律三：词义猜测与指代题极少出现。 19 卷 75 题中仅 1 题——不必专门花大量时间，只在做完其他题后顺带处理即可。 易错提醒：读题时必须圈出“问法词”，这是最快提分的一步 mainly about → 找全文；according to → 找原文原话；probably／most likely → 需要推断；have in common → 需要跨段比较。 同一个 What 开头，问法不同，解法天差地别。 建议固定动作：读题时用笔圈出问法词。 很多学生看到 What 就条件反射去找“是什么”，结果把主旨题的答案（全文概括）当成了细节题的答案（局部事实），或者反过来——这是失分最集中的一处。 特别提醒“have in common”这一问法。 它不是问“它们是什么”，而是问“它们共有什么”——必须把每个对象都看一遍。 2.4 三步阅读法与四步答题法 阅读能力的差异，很大程度上不是“理解力”的差异，而是流程是否规范的差异。 阶段 动作 具体操作 时间控制 第一步 读题 先看题干， 再读文章 ① 读完全部题干与选项； ② 在题干上圈出定位关键词； ③ 标出题干问法（what／why／how／mainly…） 2—3 分钟（读题不计入阅读时间） 第二步 读文 带着问题扫读， 不做逐词翻译 ① 先扫首段与末段，抓主旨； ② 按题干定位关键词回原文跳读； ③ 圈出答案句并编号； ④ 遇到生词跳过，不为一个词停下 8—10 分钟（每篇 3—4 分钟） 第三步 答题 回题干，逐题比对 ① 拿答案句与选项逐字比对； ② 同义替换才对，词面相同反而要警惕； ③ 排除无中生有、偷换概念、以偏概全； ④ 标记后回读，仍有疑问的留到最后 5 分钟（回读 2 分钟＋誊写 3 分钟） ★ 四步法的三个关键动作（课堂必须强调） 动作一：读题时圈关键词。 题干中的专有名词、数字、大写词是定位锚点；问法词（mainly、probably、in common）决定你要找的是全文还是局部。 动作二：读文时只做两件事——抓主旨、找答案句。 不要逐词翻译，学考文章词数 250—350，逐词翻译必然做不完。 动作三：答题时做“同义比对”而不是“眼熟比对”。 答案与原文字面不同但意思相同才是对的；字面相同却意思不同是最常见的陷阱（如原文说 cannot 选项写成 can）。 ★ 时间分配的“保底策略”（时间不够时怎么办） 第一轮：只做有把握的题。 扫读定位清楚的题立刻作答，每题不超过 90 秒。 第二轮：处理需要推断和辨析的题。 剩余时间集中攻这类题。 最后 2 分钟：统一誊写、检查。 宁可空一道难题，也不要因为一道题卡住而丢掉后面整篇。 易错提醒：把“读题”独立成一个阶段，是学考阅读最重要的一次流程升级 多数学生的实际流程是：读一遍全文 → 做第一题 → 再读一遍 → 做第二题……这是最耗时的流程，因为每道题都要重新通读全文。 改成“先读题”之后：读完 4 道题只在开头花 2—3 分钟，但每道题都能一次跳读到位，省下的时间足以多检查一遍。 课堂落实建议：连续两周，要求学生在卷面标题处写下每道题的定位关键词（哪怕只写一两个词），教师批改时先看定位词，再看答案。两周之后这个动作会自动化，阅读速度通常能提升三分之一。 2.5 定位句的六种信号与快速锁定 “定位”是阅读的核心动作。六类定位信号及各自的应对办法。 信号类型 真题中的样子 快速锁定法 定位失败时怎么办 专有名词 Pedal the Cause、African Bird Safari、Blair Drummond Safari Park、 Coexistence Plan Shop 原样回原文搜， 找到即命中 换成类别词再搜 （Safari Park → theme park） 数字与年代 6—8 weeks old、three weeks training、60% of the world's jasmine 带数字搜， 注意单位与年份 把数字换成文字再搜 （60% → more than half） 同义改写 题干：How much time is needed? 原文：the minimum volunteering time is two hours 不搜原词，搜同义词： time → hours／period； needed → minimum／required 改搜题干中的实词 而非限定词 逻辑连接词 However、But、Therefore、 On the contrary、Instead 答案句常在转折词之后 往前一句也纳入答案范围 （转折前后都可能） 段落主题句 段首句、段末句、 独立成段的过渡句 先看段落位置， 题目问“段落大意”就从主题句入手 把整段的首尾句合起来理解 题干问法词 mainly → 全篇； according to → 原文明确说了； probably／most likely → 需要推断 问法决定找法的范围： 细节题找一句， 主旨题找全篇 换问法重读题干， 确认自己没看错题 ★ 定位失败的三种典型情形与对策 情形一：题干里全是同义词，原文找不到任何一个词。 对策：不要死磕原词，改用类别词／上位词搜（volunteer → participation）。 情形二：文中出现了题干词，但出现在另一个段落。 对策：题干词可能只是干扰信息，扩大范围读整个段落再判断。 情形三：答案句里含代词（it、they、this），看不懂指什么。 对策：往前找最近的、能充当该代词指代对象的名词或名词短语——这一步与专题 14 的“插入语辨认”是同一项能力。 易错提醒：定位的三个常见故障与排查 故障一：搜不到关键词。 多半是同义改写造成的——题干用 minimum，原文用 the shortest。此时改搜题干中的实义词，或直接用上位概念（volunteer → participation）。 故障二：搜到了但不是答案句。 关键词在文中出现多次，真正与题干构成问答关系的只有一处。排查办法：看这一句前后有没有出现与题干相同或相近的信息。 故障三：定位句含代词，看不懂。——代词指代与插入语辨认。往前找最近的可充当指代对象的名词或名词短语即可。 2.6 三类高频干扰项的识别与排除 读懂了却选错，多半是干扰项没有排除干净。最常用的四类干扰项拆开，每一类都给出可操作的排除方法。 干扰类型 典型表现 真题式样 排除方法 无中生有 选项内容原文根本没提， 或属于合理但无据的外推 题干问 What can we learn from the passage? 选项把文章某一句的反面说出来 逐字回原文搜选项关键词； 搜不到即排除 偷换概念 把 A 段说的主体换成 B 段的主体， 或把部分说成全部 文章讲“三个运动有什么共同点”，选项只讲其中两个的共同点 数一数对象个数： 问 three 就必须三个都成立 以偏概全 把某一段落的内容当成全文主旨 选项是第二段的内容， 而主旨题问的是全文 看选项是否只覆盖一段； 是则多半错 张冠李戴 把文章的例子当成了结论， 或把作者引用他人的观点当成作者本人观点 文中引述专家说 A 是有益的， 选项却说“本文作者认为 A 有害” 区分作者观点与 文中他人观点—— 看主语是谁 过度绝对 出现 all、never、only、 impossible、must 等绝对化表述 文章说“多数人认为……”， 选项说“所有人都认为……” 凡是绝对词先打问号， 回原文找对应的限定语 ★ 推理题的“证据链”原则（务必让学生记牢） 推理题的答案，必须能说得出“我是从哪句话推出来的”。 如果指着选项答不出具体出处，那它多半是干扰项。 唯一例外是“根据语篇推测作者态度”这类题——此时依据是全文的语气与立场，而不是某一句。 特别注意：文中出现 can、may、might、suggest、probably 等词的句子，恰恰是推理题的答案来源——因为它们本身就带“可推”的余地。2024 甘肃卷 What probably limited Beaton's imagination? 就属于这一类。 易错提醒：错项的“话术”识别法（比背类型更管用） 命题人设置干扰项时，用的词往往是高度模式化的。学会认话术，比背类型更管用： “都可以”“都是”“一定”“不可能”“只有” —— 见到绝对词，立刻回原文找限定语； “可能”“也许”“大概” —— 若是推断题，答案往往比选项更确定，一个处处留退路的选项通常不是原文意图； “这说明”“这表明”“因此” —— 推理题里出现这类词时，要特别检查推理是否有原文依据； 选项中出现原文没有的专有名词或数字 —— 直接排除，原文没有的东西不能是答案。 最实用的一条：把选项中的关键词逐字回原文搜，搜不到的先划掉，通常能秒杀一半干扰项。 2.7 主旨大意题的四种解法 主旨大意题出现频率不算最高，但一旦出现，错一个就是错一个，且它是区分中上水平与普通水平的关键题。表7 给出四种解法与两大陷阱。 解法 怎么用 适用场景 注意点 首尾段法 （最常用） 读首段最后一句与末段第一句， 两句连起来往往就是主旨 所有体裁，尤其实用文 首段末句常是总起， 末段首句常是总结 主题句法 找每段的主题句（多为段首句， 也可能在段末），再归纳共同点 说明文、议论文 说明文常有总起段＋分述段， 主旨常在总起段 标题法 看标题：标题往往就是 用最凝练的方式说清主旨 有标题的语篇（多数应用文与说明文） 标题是线索不是答案， 仍需与正文验证 选项验证法 把选项逐个回原文验证： 看能否覆盖全文、有无原文支撑 所有主旨题（终审手段） 这是排除法， 不是猜法 ★ 主旨题的“两极陷阱”（命题人最爱设的地方） 陷阱一：范围过大。 选项把话题扩大化——文章讲“如何在城市里种树”，选项写“论环保的重要性”，后者正确但太空，不是最佳答案。 陷阱二：范围过小。 选项只是文章某一段的内容——文中讲三个好处，选项只说其中一个好处。 判断口诀：主旨题的正确答案是“全文都能装进去、但比全文更具体”的那一项。 ★ 与“写作目的题”的区别（最容易混的一对） 主旨大意问的是“这篇主要说了什么”——答案是内容。 写作目的问的是“作者写它是为了什么”——答案是意图。 应用文：主旨是“这是一个音乐夏令营介绍”，目的却是“吸引高中生报名”。 记叙文：主旨是“作者在伦敦的适应与喜爱”，目的却是“表达对这座城市的热爱”。 最快的区分办法：看问法。 题干出现 mainly about → 主旨；出现 purpose／intended for／Why does the author → 目的。 易错提醒：主旨题的两个极端错误，与一条判定标准 极端一：把某段的内容当主旨。 尤其在说明文里，学生常把“分述段”的一句话当主旨。对策：问自己“这句话在全文里占多大篇幅？” 只覆盖一段的，多半不是主旨。 极端二：选了一个正确但太空的选项。 “环保很重要”“科技改变生活”这类话永远正确，所以永远不会是主旨题答案。对策：题目问主旨，答案必须比“全文”更具体。 一条判定标准：主旨题的正确选项，应当是“全文都能装进去，但比全文更具体”的那一句。 “装不进去”说明范围过小；“不如全文具体”说明范围过大——两个标准同时满足的，通常就是它。 2.8 “共同点／归纳题”专项 这是近三年出现频率上升最明显的题型。2024 甘肃卷、2025 陕西卷、2025 辽宁鞍山卷、2026 辽宁大连卷连续四年出现“What do the … have in common?”，且所问对象由 two 递增到 three、four。这是必须专项训练的题型。 步骤 动作 以真题为例 常见失分 第一步 列对象 把题干问的每一个对象逐一抄下来 2025 陕西卷：the three sports →gilli、korfball、woodball 漏掉最后一个对象——只比了两个就下结论 第二步 找特征 为每个对象在原文里找同一维度的特征 gilli：用球棒击球入筐； korfball：两队各 4 人，投掷； woodball：用球拍击球 维度不统一——拿 gilli 的规则去比 others 第三步 找交集 找所有对象都成立的那一条 三者共同点：都是两队参与、 都有得分线、都要争对方球门 找到某一个成立就停手，漏检其余对象 第四步 回原文验 把交集结论回原文核对一遍， 确认每个对象都成立 回到三段原文， 逐段确认 不验证就选， 容易选到“只对两个成立”的项 ★ 四条防错铁律（教参自留） 铁律一：对象一个都不能少。 问 three 就必须三个都成立，问 four 就必须四个。 铁律二：特征必须是同一维度。 不能拿 A 的“器材”去比 B 的“人数”。 铁律三：交集不等于“都有的那一项”。 有时共同点不是某个具体事实，而是一种性质（如“都需要体力和技巧配合”）。 铁律四：宁可回原文再读一遍。 这类题错一个就全错，不做验证等于赌。 ★ 真题链接（四卷同型，可直接做类比训练） 2024 甘肃卷：What do the last two books have in common? 2025 陕西卷：What do the three sports have in common? 2025 辽宁卷：What do the sports have in common? 2026 辽宁卷：What do the four walks have in common? ——同一问法、同一考法，连续四年出现，属于必须专项训练的题型。 易错提醒：归纳题失分的三个典型原因 原因一：漏对象。 问 three 就只看了两个，结论自然不成立。对策：先在题干上把对象逐个圈出来（如 gilli／korfball／woodball），做完一项划掉一项。 原因二：维度不统一。 拿“gilli 用什么器材”去比“korfball 要几个人”——根本不是同一个维度，无法比较。对策：先确定“比什么”，再去原文找同一个维度的信息。 原因三：把“有的那一个”当成“共同的那一个”。 题干问共同点，答案必须对所有对象都成立；只对其中一个成立的选项是典型的“张冠李戴”干扰项。 一句口诀：先列对象，同维找点，逐个验证，最后才选。 2.9 应用文阅读与出处判断速查 固定题型 真题设问 解题依据 选项规律 出处判断 （问“来自哪里”） In which section of a magazine can we find the text? In which section of a newspaper can you find this text? Where is the passage probably from? 扫文本特征： 有价格／优惠／联系方式 → 广告； 有活动日期地点 → 通知； 有多个并列小标题 → 报刊栏目； 有统一票价 → 演出信息 四个选项往往就是 四种真实版面 （广告／通知／书评／科普）， 凭特征对号入座 对象匹配 （问“给谁看”） Who are the music camps mainly intended for? Who is the passage intended for? 读标题与首段， 看招募对象与活动内容 选项多为人群 （小学生／初中生／高中生／成人） 细节定位 （占绝大多数） What is special about Pedal the Cause? How long does the Long March Spirit Red Study Festival last? 应用文信息密度低、 定位极准， 直接回原文找同义表达 几乎不出推理题—— 应用文的一切都写明 ★ 应用文阅读的三条提分要诀 要诀一：先扫结构再答题。 应用文的标题、活动名、时间、地点、价格、联系方式分布在不同位置，先把这几处信息圈出来，题目十有八九能直接对上。 要诀二：应用文不需要推理。 看到“probably／most likely”要警惕——应用文里几乎没有推断空间，凡是推出来的答案，多半是干扰项。 要诀三：出题题一定考体裁特征。 应用文末题几乎固定考“出处／体裁”，把广告、通知、栏目介绍、科普短文的版式特征讲清楚，这一类题就是送分题。 易错提醒：应用文末题的“出处判断”，考的是版式常识不是阅读能力 这类题在 19 卷中反复出现（福建卷、陕西卷、泰州卷、2026 北京卷），属于典型的送分题，但学生常常做错——因为他们没仔细看选项的版面描述。 建议课堂专门用 10 分钟讲清四种文本的版式特征： 广告——有价格、优惠、联系方式、行动号召（Call now／Book online）； 通知／海报——有活动名称、日期、时间、地点、对象、报名方式； 报刊栏目——有多个并列小标题或分条介绍，体例统一； 科普／资讯短文——有研究背景、数据来源、时间地点交代。 判断步骤固定为两步：先看文本有没有“具体数字、价格、时间、联系方式”——有则多为广告或通知；再看有没有“并列小标题”——有则多为报刊栏目；都没有则多为资讯或科普。 顺带提醒：应用文里出现“probably／most likely”要格外小心——应用文的信息都是明确的，题干若要求推断，往往是陷阱。 考点一：细节理解题 例1. (2026年北京市普通高中学业水平考试英语试题节选) Ready for a Wild Day Out? There’s so much to see and do at Blair Drummond Safari Park. Want to watch animals first or take a train through the forest? Plan your time wisely! Animal Talks Catch the chance to form a study group for your kids to have animal talks. They will follow our education teams to learn more about our wonderful animals and their personalities. All Aboard Jump on our new train for a journey through the forest and along the lakeside to Chimp Island. Enjoy amazing views and interesting facts about our animals and local wildlife. Adventure Playground With a pirate ship (海盗船) and covered play area for the little kids, our adventure playground will keep all your little ones busy. Or why not take our boats or fly down our huge slide as if on a plane? Animal Watching Roll up car windows and take the whole family on a drive-through around. Lions, rhinos, camels and antelopes all walk around you freely. And don’t forget our cute monkeys — they might try to get a ride! ·Opening times We are open from the 15th of January until the 23rd of October. Make sure you book online in advance!·Useful information Pets are not permitted into the park. ·Ticket prices Adult £22.50 Child (3-15 years) £16.00 Senior (60 + years) £19.50 Family £60.00 Under 3 FREE 16．In which program can kids join a study group? A．Animal Talks. B．All Aboard. C．Adventure Playground. D．Animal Watching. 17．How can people get to Chimp Island? A．By boat. B．By air. C．By car. D．By train. 18．How much should a lady over 60 pay for a ticket? A．£ 60.00. B．£ 22.50. C．£ 19.50. D．£ 16.00. If you’re searching for a new way to work, we’ve put together a list of some great options for you to look into. SANODESK QS+ electric standing desk    www.sanodeskqs.co.uk This desk is made from maple wood and primarily designed to be used as a computer desk. It has a white frame and a base made from alloy steel (合金钢) that can hold up to 60kg. This model also has a control button, for adjusting the direction and height of the desk itself, whether you prefer to stand or sit. YITAHOME electric standing desk        www.yitahome.co.uk Primarily designed as a computer desk, this model comes with a firm black frame, with more than enough room for a monitor, keyboard and other items. It also includes step-by-step instructions and a toolkit (工具箱) for easy installation (安装). Also featured is an intelligent keypad for height adjustment, which has anti-collision (防冲撞的) technology. TRIUMPHKEY electric standing desk        www.triumphkey.co.uk This desk is two-double, with a main desk and an attached monitor shelf. It is designed to have at least 60kg capacity, with an industrial grade steel frame keeping it in place. Also featured are two preset adjustable height settings, ranging from 72cm to 117cm, depending on your preferred working height. PANANA electric standing desk        www.panana.co.uk Great for home office use, this electric desk comes in a brown finish, with its top material made from firm iron, with engineered wood as the base material. The desk also has an adjustable height feature and an extra installation instructions, which will let you install it easily. 1．Which brand will you choose if you need to control the direction of the desk? A．SANODESK QS+. B．YITAHOME. C．TRIUMPHKEY. D．PANANA． 2．Which website can you visit to learn about a desk with a shelf? A．www.sanodeskqs.co.uk. B．www.yitahome.co.uk. C．www.triumphkey.co.uk. D．www.panana.co.uk. 3．What do the four desks have in common? A．They are made of steel. B．They hold at most 60kg. C．They provide installation instructions. D．They are adjustable in height. 考点二 ：推理判断题 例1. (2026年江苏省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题节选) Peng Jingxuan plucks the strings (拨动琴弦) of her guzheng, a 13-string Chinese instrument. She is giving a street performance. And it is under the Eiffel Tower in Paris! In another French city, Zhao Yang plays the pipa, a Chinese lute with four strings. She wears traditional Chinese costume (戏装) and a pair of sunglasses, making her a combination of an ancient poet and a modern rock star. Both Peng and Zhao are popular on Chinese video platforms (平台), where they post videos of their street performances in France. They also share their videos on foreign social platforms, attracting many viewers from all over the world, who leave a lot of praises in different languages Since she started performing in the streets in 2018, Peng has seen foreigners’ increasing interest in Chinese culture. Some viewers even came up to thank her. Although they had never been to China, her music had touched them Zhao’s costume also draws crowds. “Our Chinese clothes and instruments are really eye-catching,” she said. “Viewers take photos on their phones.” To spread Chinese culture, Zhao has studied the costumes and hairstyles of different periods in Chinese history and uses them to show the richness of Chinese culture to the world. She adds modern elements as well. “Many people think traditional Chinese culture is mysterious (神秘的) and quiet, but I want to show them that it has unlimited possibilities and vitality (活力),” she explained. 5．Why did Peng Jingxuan and Zhao Yang play instruments in the streets of France? A．To recall good old days. B．To beg food from passers-by. C．To spread Chinese culture. D．To collect money for charity. 6．What might have driven the two girls to give performances? A．Warm weather. B．A comfortable life. C．A good income. D．National pride. Fast fashion clothes are cheap. So when clothes get old or broken, it often seems easier to buy new ones than to mend (缝补) them. People usually wear each piece of clothing only seven to ten times before throwing it away. Every year, 92 million tons of textile (纺织) waste is burned or thrown away. Luckily, there is a simple way to solve this problem. Repairing clothes is one of the best ways to cut harm to the environment. If we can make clothes last just nine more months, we can cut their carbon, water and waste influence by as much as 20%. However, people usually put off repairing their clothes for reasons like cost and a lack of sewing (缝纫) skills, tools or time. Besides these difficulties, social ideas also affect people’s willingness to mend clothes. Wearing repaired clothing has historically been viewed as a sign of being poor, so people tried to make their repairs as invisible (看不见的) as possible to avoid being looked down upon. The increasing popularity of repair is often linked to economic pressures, but public attitudes toward repair are changing. Today, we are not just hiding repairs. Some people are actively showing them off through visible mending, which includes repairing worn areas, tears, and holes in clothes using methods and materials that are noticeable — such as colourful sewing and decorative patches — so that the repair is stressed rather than hidden. Some companies are also supporting visible repair. They encourage their customers to do DIY repairs at home by offering repair tools, spare parts, repair guides and video lessons. Researchers have stated that such practices are beneficial because they can turn passive consumers into active participants in the life of their products. Besides, these actions can reduce replacement rates and encourage more people to support green living. 1．Why are people unwilling to repair their clothes? A．Most clothes are too old to mend well. B．They have both practical and social difficulties. C．Repairing clothes will produce more textile waste. D．Buying new clothes are much cheaper than repairing broken ones. 2．What can we infer from paragraph 3? A．People used to hide their repairs for fear of being laughed at. B．Visible mending first appeared because of money shortage. C．Public opinions on clothing repair remain the same as before. D．The popularity of mending clothes has nothing to do with money. 3．What do some companies do to encourage visible mending? A．They provide more price cuts. B．They sell more second-hand clothes. C．They cut the production of fast fashion goods. D．They offer mending guidance and video lessons. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To attack fast fashion for producing too much waste. B．To encourage people to mend for environmental reasons. C．To introduce the history of clothing repair in different times. D．To explain the reason behind people’s unwillingness to repair clothes. 考点三 ：词义猜测题 例1. (2026年北京市普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) The findings revealed a key difference: memories that happened after a major event were stronger if the event itself had a strong emotional impact. However, memories from before the event didn’t have the same effect, but they were more likely to be cemented if they had similarities (some kind of visual signal, like a matching color) that connected them to the significant event. 24．What does the underlined word “cemented” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Strengthened. B．Repaired. C．Controlled. D．Reduced. 例2. (2025年湖南省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) 61-year-old farmer Cliff Young showed up at the most difficult race in Australia — 875 kilometers — in overalls and gumboots (工业裤和橡胶靴). He went on to win in record time without any training, prevailing over the best athletes. 5．What does the underlined phrase “prevailing over” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Beating. B．Meeting. C．Teaching. D．Moving. 例3. (2025年广东省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) I knocked at the door of the house at exactly 3 p.m. Ezra’s servant opened the door for me. I was led through a large hall where all sorts of paintings are on the walls and then into a library. I waited for a while and at last a very short man appeared. As soon as he saw me, he held out his hand. Not expecting this, I hesitated for a moment. “You can shake hands,” he said. “I don’t have any diseases!” “Mind the steps!” he cried, leading me down some steps. “I don’t say that to all my visitors, you know!” 11．The underlined word “hesitated” probably means? A．introduced oneself B．held out ones hand C．showed uncertainty D．showed dislikes A groundbreaking study published in Nature updated sleep standards by introducing biological clock data. Based on half a million adult samples, the research found gender differences in ideal sleep length. Women function best with 6.5 to 7.8 hours of sleep per night, while men’s ideal range is 6.4 to 7.7 hours. Slight individual differences also exist due to physical conditions. 1．The underlined word “groundbreaking” in Paragraph 3 means ________. A．traditional B．meaningless C．innovative D．complex Most high schools hold a freshman orientation before school actually starts. It is helpful not only because you learn your way around the building and get to meet fellow freshmen. That way, when you show up on your first day of school, you may already recognize a few familiar faces. 1．What does the underlined word “orientation” probably mean in Paragraph 2? A．Examination. B．Training. C．Discussion. D．Course. 考点四 ：主旨大意题 例1. (2025年安徽省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) The UK’s national parks are known for their wonderful mountains, forests, lakes and coasts.In UK law they have specific purposes, such as protecting nature. The authorities have to consider these purposes when they are deciding where to create a new national park. Now, plans from the UK, Welsh and Scottish governments suggest setting up three more. Not everyone thinks national parks are a good idea, though. Some people say they attract too many visitors, who do more harm than good. Others say all the UK’s countryside should be protected. Do we need more national parks? 11．What is the best title for the text? A．Do We Need More National Parks? B．How Do We Build More National Parks? C．Do You Like Visiting National Parks? D．How Do You Make National Parks Popular? 例2. (2025年云南省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) Since I was young, I have always dreamed of becoming a doctor. I was inspired by my grandfather, who was a kind-hearted doctor. He would often tell me stories about how he helped his patients. Doctors play a very important role in society. They save lives and help people get better when they are sick. I am interested in learning about the human body and finding ways to cure diseases. I know that becoming a doctor requires a lot of hard work. I need to study biology, chemistry, and other science-related subjects in school. After high school, I will go to medical school for several years. Then, I will have to do internships (实习) to gain practical experience. Even though the path is long and difficult, I am determined to achieve my dream. I believe that helping others and making a difference in their lives are very rewarding. 7．What can be the suitable title for the text? A．My Grandfather’s Story B．My Dream of Becoming a Doctor C．The Subjects I Study in School D．My Experience of Being a Nurse 例3. (2025年江苏省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) “People think it doesn’t make you fit, but they’re wrong,” Wood said. “If you are looking for something you can do anytime and anywhere, just get out and get yourself walking. It doesn’t have to be fast, nor does it have to be for that long, the great thing about walking is whether you do a 60-minute walk or six 10-minute walks throughout the day, you get the same benefits. It’s great for our physical health and for our mental health.” 12．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．The longer you walk, the fitter you are. B．It’s necessary to walk at least 60 minutes a day. C．Walking brings both physical and mental benefits. D．It’s better to walk during daytime than in the evening. Chimpanzees are disappearing from Africa’s forests, and scientists have been studying this problem for many years. At Gombe National Park in Tanzania, where researcher Jane Goodall began her famous work in the 1960s, the forest has become much smaller. There were about a million chimpanzees in the early 20th century, but today there may be only 170,000 to 300,000 left. The reasons are clear. As local people need more land to grow food and sell wood for money, they have cut down many trees. Over the years, the forest has been broken into small pieces. With these pieces cut off from one another, chimpanzees can no longer move freely or meet other groups, which makes it harder for them to survive. However, scientists have not given up hope. At Gombe, Goodall started a program that gives small loans to help villagers begin new businesses and teaches farmers how to grow crops without harmful chemicals. Using a simple phone app, villagers can now report illegal tree cutting by taking photos of fallen trees. What began in 12 villages has now spread to over a hundred villages in Tanzania. These efforts are working. Today, Gombe’s chimpanzees are again connected to groups in nearby countries and are more likely to survive. “It’s not too late to save them,” says Goodall. “Every one of us can choose what kind of influence we make on this planet.” 1．What do we know about chimpanzee numbers? A．They have dropped a lot over the years. B．They have stayed the same for decades. C．They have risen slowly since the 1960s. D．They are no longer recorded by scientists. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Why the forest has become smaller. B．How scientists help local people and wildlife. C．When Goodall began her research at Gombe. D．What the phone app is used for. 3．What is Dr. Goodall’s attitude towards chimpanzee protection? A．Doubtful. B．Hopeless. C．Positive. D．Unconcerned. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．A Phone App That Saves the Forest B．A Warning from Africa’s Broken Forests C．How to Protect Wild Animals D．Jane Goodall and Her Famous Work A My First Month in Senior High On September 1st, I walked into No. 1 Senior High School. My hands were cold and my heart was beating fast — I was really nervous. I carried a big bag with new textbooks and followed the students to my classroom. The first hard thing was military training. We stood under the hot sun for 40 minutes. My legs hurt so much that I wanted to sit down. Then, Li Mei, a girl next to me, said quietly, “Come on, we can hold on together.” Her words made me strong. After that, we helped each other tidy our uniforms and shared our water. Slowly, I wasn’t shy anymore, and we began to laugh. The class meeting was another important day. Our teacher asked everyone to talk about a “small goal” for this term. At first, I was afraid to speak. But when I saw my classmates talking bravely, I stood up and said, “I want to join the English club and practice speaking.” The class clapped loudly. Later, two classmates told me they wanted to join me. Now, a month has passed. I don’t feel nervous when I walk in the school. Senior high isn’t only about exams and homework — it’s about making good friends and trying new things. I know this is just the start, and I’m ready for it. 1．Why did the author’s heart beat fast when entering the school? A．Because the bag was too heavy. B．Because he felt nervous about senior high. C．Because the sun was too hot. D．Because he couldn’t find the classroom. 2．Who helped the author during military training? A．Li Mei. B．The teacher. C．His parents. D．A new friend from the club. 3．What was the author’s small goal? A．To finish military training. B．To get good grades in exams. C．To make 10 new friends. D．To join the English club. 4．What does the author think of senior high now? A．It’s only about hard work. B．It’s full of new chances. C．It’s too difficult for him. D．It’s not interesting at all. B At the onset of each term, quantities of teenagers lay down self-improvement goals. Statistics indicate, nevertheless, that the majority of such goals get deserted within several weeks. Researchers maintain that the strategy teenagers adopt for goal-setting exerts a decisive influence on persistence. Quite a number of teenagers favour grand, flawless (完美的) goals. A typical instance is “gain full marks in every examination”. Though appealing on the surface, such objectives are practically unattainable. Once exposed to a single minor setback, teenagers are liable to lose confidence and give up their attempts completely. Specialists in adolescent growth advocate setting modest, attainable goals. For example, “preview upcoming content prior to nightly homework” serves as a much more feasible target. Adopting small-scale goals is by no means equivalent to lowering long-term expectations. Rather, it consists in splitting an ambitious long-term vision into executable daily assignments. Each minor achievement accumulates to build self-assurance. Additionally, teenagers are supposed to evaluate progress periodically and modify plans when barriers emerge. Difficulties are inevitable along the path toward ambitions. Goal-setting is not about being perfect. It is about keeping moving forward, even with slow progress. 1．Why do many teenagers give up their goals quickly? A．They set too big perfect goals hard to reach. B．They have no homework to finish. C．Their teachers do not support them. D．They have no interest in any goals. 2．What is experts' advice for teenagers? A．Never set any goals in your life. B．Set small and practical goals. C．Only focus on big dreams. D．Give up immediately when meeting difficulty. 3．What does the underlined word “barriers” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Progress. B．Achievements. C．Difficulties. D．Rewards. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．How teenagers should set proper goals for growth. B．Why teenagers hate school work. C．The disadvantages of small goals. D．How to get full marks in examinations. C Every country has its own history and traditions. They are part of our life and make our culture colorful. History tells us what happened in the past, and traditions are the ways we do things from old times. Chinese traditions are very rich. For example, we have the Spring Festival. During the festival, we eat dumplings, wear new clothes and visit family. We also have the Mid-Autumn Festival, and we eat mooncakes and enjoy the moon. These traditions bring us happiness and let us get together with family. Learning history helps us know more about our country. We can learn about great people and important events in the past. We can know how our country grows and becomes strong. We should love our history and keep our traditions. We can learn them from books, parents and teachers. We need to pass these good traditions to our children. They are valuable treasures of our country, and we should always remember and respect them. 1．What do history and traditions do? A．They make our culture boring. B．They are part of our life. C．They tell us nothing about the past. D．They have nothing to do with us. 2．Which festival is mentioned in the passage? A．Christmas Day. B．Thanksgiving Day. C．The Spring Festival. D．Halloween. 3．What can we learn from history? A．Nothing about our country. B．Great people and past events. C．Only how to play games. D．How to make new friends. 4．What should we do with traditions? A．Forget them. B．Pass them to children. C．Never learn them. D．Change them completely. D Health is very important to everyone. Different people have their own ways to keep fit. A lot of people like running on the treadmills (跑步机). But it is not a good way to make you strong and healthy. Here are some reasons why you should run outdoors but not on the treadmills. It costs you a lot of money to buy a treadmill. You can run outdoors, and it costs you nothing! Walk outside and the whole world is your treadmill. If you don’t mind getting a little dirty, outdoor activities will help you. Treadmills can become boring. You are limited to what’s in front of you. Running and exercising outside provide beautiful scenery. Studies show that just looking at photos of nature can lower blood pressure, so imagine what running through it will do. The fresh air and the unpolluted nature will also make you run more easily. You burn more calories (卡路里) running outside than you do on a treadmill, because you have to work harder in order to move your body. When you run on a treadmill, you only move your legs. But when exercising outside, you must move your legs, your hands and so on. Why not go for a run outdoors? Come on! 1．What can we know about treadmills from Paragraph 2? A．They’re expensive. B．They’re cheap. C．They’re comfortable. D．They’re popular. 2．Running outside can provide the following things except ________. A．the unpolluted nature B．the fresh air C．beautiful scenery D．clean water 3．How many reasons does the author give for not running on the treadmills? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 4．What’s the structure (结构) of the passage? (①= Paragraph 1) A． B． C． D． E Chimpanzees are disappearing from Africa’s forests, and scientists have been studying this problem for many years. At Gombe National Park in Tanzania, where researcher Jane Goodall began her famous work in the 1960s, the forest has become much smaller. There were about a million chimpanzees in the early 20th century, but today there may be only 170,000 to 300,000 left. The reasons are clear. As local people need more land to grow food and sell wood for money, they have cut down many trees. Over the years, the forest has been broken into small pieces. With these pieces cut off from one another, chimpanzees can no longer move freely or meet other groups, which makes it harder for them to survive. However, scientists have not given up hope. At Gombe, Goodall started a program that gives small loans to help villagers begin new businesses and teaches farmers how to grow crops without harmful chemicals. Using a simple phone app, villagers can now report illegal tree cutting by taking photos of fallen trees. What began in 12 villages has now spread to over a hundred villages in Tanzania. These efforts are working. Today, Gombe’s chimpanzees are again connected to groups in nearby countries and are more likely to survive. “It’s not too late to save them,” says Goodall. “Every one of us can choose what kind of influence we make on this planet.” 1．What do we know about chimpanzee numbers? A．They have dropped a lot over the years. B．They have stayed the same for decades. C．They have risen slowly since the 1960s. D．They are no longer recorded by scientists. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Why the forest has become smaller. B．How scientists help local people and wildlife. C．When Goodall began her research at Gombe. D．What the phone app is used for. 3．What is Dr. Goodall’s attitude towards chimpanzee protection? A．Doubtful. B．Hopeless. C．Positive. D．Unconcerned. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．A Phone App That Saves the Forest B．A Warning from Africa’s Broken Forests C．How to Protect Wild Animals D．Jane Goodall and Her Famous Work 一、阅读理解 A If you are interested in travelling, it is highly recommended to read these three books about exciting travels around the world. One Man, One Bike by Paul Carter There are many ways to travel around Australia. But Paul decided to tour on a motorbike that runs on cooking oil. Why? He worked in the oil industry, and was keen to explore replaceable fuels (燃料). So he bought the unusual bike from some university students who had built it themselves and set off. In his book, he almost dies in a crash and he even attempts to break the land speed record for a motorbike running on biofuel. Travels Through Unloved Britain by Tim Moore Travel writers usually go to the best destinations. But not Tim. “My primary challenge was to have a good time in places that everyone had said I wouldn’t,” said the author. In this book, Tim travels to the worst places in the UK. Follow him as he heads to “the emptiest towns and the scariest pubs”. And to make matters worse, he does it in the middle of winter. But he does discover that even Britain’s ugliest parts have inner beauty. Coasting by Jonathan Raban In 1982, Jonathan bought a boat and sailed for Britain. And this is the book about his adventure. Along the way he gets caught in a few storms, explores seaside towns and even takes his ageing parents along for part of the journey. Jonathan also uses his time at sea to think about the development of Britain in history. Like all great travel writings, Coasting is actually a story about life. 1．What made Paul Carter’s motorbike special? A．Its creator. B．Its fuel. C．Its appearance. D．Its speed record. 2．Which of the following can best describe Tim’s travel destinations? A．Unexpected. B．Crowded. C．Popular. D．Dangerous. 3．What do these three books have in common? A．They show scary scenes. B．They focus on travelling in Britain. C．They are related to history. D．They are based on personal experiences. B I visited Aruba last week. On the first day, I mainly enjoyed comfortable sunshine on the beaches there. But I needed more than sunshine and sand to fill my week. I rented a car the next day. One of my first stops that day was the Alto Vista Chapel. Just as I entered it, a colourful “party bus” filled with singing tourists pulled into the parking lot, ending the silence. So I left soon. From the church I made my way to the California Lighthouse, named for the steamship California that sank nearby in 1891. After spending some time there, I went to an Italian restaurant that sits on the top of the hill and offers scenic views. I love golfing, so I wasn’t going on vacation without spending a day on the courses. The Country Club is for golfing on the islands located at its northwest point. Opened in 1995, it is a beautiful place with views of the sea and the California Lighthouse. I spent a full day there. To completely escape from the other tourists, I booked a four-hour jeep tour for the fourth day. I went to the Arikok National Park, which covers nearly 20 percent of the islands. I stood on a cliff and looked down on a natural pool that was formed inside volcanic rock (火山岩). It was amazing. My final night was spent at a restaurant. Friends who had been to Aruba told me I had to go there. I dined (用餐) there while listening to a local musician performing. It was so good and the crowd demanded more. 4．What did the writer mainly do on the first day in Aruba? A．Rented a car to travel around. B．Enjoyed the sunshine on the beach. C．Visited the Alto Vista Chapel. D．Tried local food in a restaurant. 5．Why did the writer leave the Alto Vista Chapel soon? A．The chapel was too crowded to visit. B．He needed to go to the next stop quickly. C．A “party bus” broke the quiet atmosphere. D．He didn’t like the design of the chapel. 6．What can we know about the Country Club? A．It is a new golf course built in recent years. B．It is located in the center of the island. C．Visitors can enjoy views of the sea there. D．It is the only golf course on the island. 7．What made the writer’s final night special? A．Dining while listening to local music. B．Having a meal with old friends. C．Trying a famous local dish. D．Visiting a popular restaurant alone. C Coloring has long been a favorite activity for children. With ready-made patterns (图案), kids only need colored tools to fill in pictures. Yet fun in coloring is no longer limited (局限) to children. Nowadays, an increasing number of adults turn to coloring for relaxation, driven by the fashion for adult coloring books around the world. In one December, five adult coloring books were among America’s top ten bestsellers. Trina Lucido, an artist who creates such books, gets her ideas from common sights around her. A leaf, a single word or objects on the ground can shape her designs. Her latest work Color, Write and Create includes 40 pages of handmade flowers, birds and geometric shapes. Besides patterns, it offers empty spaces for writing, a method widely used in various treatments for diseases. The aim of the book is to inspire creativity. Lucido feels sad when people believe they lack (缺乏) creative ability, for she holds the view that everyone can be creative. She receives positive responses from readers, many of whom buy her books for relatives and friends suffering from illness or difficulties, as coloring is regarded as a relaxing activity. Some experts explain coloring lowers stress by keeping people focused on simple tasks. While filling patterns with colors, people forget their worries for a while. What’s more, coloring opens up imagination and brings back childhood memories. Scientists point out that coloring wakes up the brain in a healthy way. Shapes excite one side of the brain, while colors and surface features excite the other. Coloring also helps develop people’s hand skills, though few people who enjoy coloring pay attention to this physical advantage. Susan Jackson, a reader of Lucido’s works, thinks highly of the beauty and special features of the drawings. She says coloring really relieves her stress and cheers her up. Unlike facing a piece of empty paper, pre-made patterns feel less challenging. Nowadays, adult coloring books sell well, bringing Lucido a busy but happy life. 8．Where does Lucido draw her creative inspiration from? A．Books by other artists. B．Various medical treatments. C．Daily things in her life. D．Readers’ real-life experiences. 9．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The benefits coloring brings to people. B．Experts’ different opinions on coloring. C．The skills needed for coloring well. D．The reason why coloring receives popularity. 10．What is Susan Jackson’s attitude to Lucido’s works? A．Doubtful. B．Uncaring. C．Supportive. D．Unclear. 11．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Books Are Becoming Popular Among Adults B．Useful Ways to Reduce Adults’ Daily Stress C．Talented Artists Design Attractive Colorful Books D．Coloring Brings Relaxation and Creativity to Adults D A holiday offers us a chance to take a break, step out of our daily life and refresh ourselves. Who doesn’t want to enjoy some days of peace and relax their mind and body? 12 . There is a whole lot of planning that will go into your break away. So, here are 4 ways you can make the most out of your holidays. Choose the perfect location. The first thing you need to do is to choose a place that you have had in mind for a long time. A suitable destination can greatly improve your holiday experience. Think about what kind of scenery and activities you prefer. 13 . Choose a good hotel. Many of us choose to make the most of our time away and stay up later than usual, enjoying the holiday feeling. 14 . Then you will feel energetic enough to visit those popular tourist spots that you have been looking forward to. Plan your travel itinerary (旅行路线). If you are going somewhere you have never been before, you should spend some time looking into local sites before setting off. 15 . It gives you the freedom to do everything you wanted to do. Disconnect from the world. 16 . If you are still worrying about your job, your emails, or how things are back home, you will never be fully able to experience true peace. You should spend as little time as you can checking your laptop or mobile so that you can really enjoy your holiday. A．Planning ahead of time is always a good thing B．However, a wonderful holiday doesn’t come naturally C．It can be either a place nearby or somewhere far away D．It is not a good idea to spend your nights at your friend’s home E．A holiday is meaningless unless you give all your attention to it F．You may get more chances to enjoy amazing views during your holiday G．So, a comfortable bed and a good night’s sleep are important for the next day 二、完形填空 As a child, I was very shy. I wanted to be successful, but lacked 17 . When I discovered climbing, I found something I was good at. I began to be 18 by my friends and this gave me the desire to climb steeper and 19 mountains. I found that nothing was impossible if I could find the 20 to try to achieve my goals. Both personal 21 and teamwork are important when you climb. You need to rely on the 22 of your team and share in the achievement. But personal determination to keep going despite any difficulty is very helpful to team success. My greatest achievement in climbing was being the first ever to 23 the top of the 5000-foot Troll Wall in Norway, which has the highest and most vertical (垂直的) rock face in Europe. A stone which drops from the top of the mountain will 24 nothing until it lands on the valley floor one mile below. So it was very 25 . Before our climb, the experts in Europe had said it was 26 to climb the Troll Wall. But with three companions, I decided to 27 . It took ten days to make the climb and we 28 on ledges (岩石架) no more than a foot wide when we were tired. 29 , we succeeded. Afterwards, I said to myself, “If I can do that, I can do anything.” Some years later, I climbed up Mount Everest — the highest mountain in the world. Adventure to me is not just 30 a rope along the side of a mountain, but is one field where adventurous people can often 31 themselves. If we look at every day as an adventure, we can test ourselves and continue to grow throughout our life. That’s the final adventure. 17．A．money B．confidence C．purposes D．chances 18．A．denied B．attacked C．recognized D．tricked 19．A．higher B．farther C．smaller D．safer 20．A．place B．secret C．courage D．time 21．A．work B．belief C．affairs D．determination 22．A．comfort B．support C．interest D．doubt 23．A．climb B．achieve C．reach D．cover 24．A．touch B．stop C．move D．hurt 25．A．special B．exciting C．nervous D．adventurous 26．A．easy B．impossible C．exciting D．useful 27．A．try B．learn C．return D．escape 28．A．ate B．lived C．rested D．stood 29．A．Undoubtedly B．Easily C．Generally D．Thankfully 30．A．bending over B．falling off C．hanging onto D．searching for 31．A．hold B．forgive C．punish D．challenge 三、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Harry is a 21-year-old student from Canada. He studies at the Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine now, 32 he learns more about Chinese medicine. He likes drinking tea and 33 (practise) Chinese qigong every day. “Knowledge about Chinese medicine is 34 (use), but it is also very difficult to learn well. I must work harder,” Harry said. “I was weak when I was a little boy. 35 (be) strong, I learnt qigong at the age of twelve.” Harry decided to come to China after he finished his college in his own country. 36 September 5th of 2010, he began to learn Chinese in Beijing. Then he went to Heilongjiang for 37 (educate) on medicine and began his three-year college life in China. “I would like to help my country after finishing my study. I’ll try my 38 (good) to do something to let people know more about Chinese medicine 39 keep Canadians healthy.” More and more foreign students like Harry 40 (study) at the Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine since 1986. From then on, the university has built communication and cooperation (合作) with educational and research institutes (学院) on Chinese medicine in more than 30 41 (country). 四、书信写作 42．假定你是学生会主席李华，你校高一年级将举办篮球比赛，请你写一则通知，发表在校英文报上，内容包括： （1）组队及训练（自行练习与体育老师指导结合）； （2）比赛安排（班级循环赛，前两名决赛）； （3）报名时间。 注意： （1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Notice ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Student Union 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题14 阅读理解 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 研|核心专题精讲 考点一 细节理解题 考点二 推理判断题 考点三 词句猜测题 考点四 主旨大意题 练|巩固提升训练 本模块依据《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2025年修订）》对本专题在学考中的要求进行梳理，并结合近年全国各地学业水平考试命题实践作出趋势判断。 1.1 课标依据与学考层级要求 课标对“读”的要求集中在表10 语言技能内容要求中，必修课程的理解性技能共 16 条，其中与阅读直接相关的有 10 条，核心是第 3 条“提取语篇中的主旨要义和关键信息”、第 4 条“分析比较书面语篇中信息、知识或观点之间的关联”、第 6 条“概括书面语篇中的主要信息、观点及其支撑论据”、第 10 条“根据上下文线索或非文字信息推断词语的意义”、第 15 条“根据语篇事实或语言表达，推断、评价说话人或作者的行为、观点、意图和态度”。这 16 条全部属于必修，不带星号——读，是学考的核心能力，没有“提高类才要求”的说法。 课标条目 内容要求原文（节选） 对应阅读能力 学考要求 第 1 条 辨识不同类型的语篇，把握其语篇结构及语言特征 体裁识别 熟练掌握 第 2 条 梳理语篇中主要事件的发生、发展和结局等 记叙文要素梳理 熟练掌握 第 3 条 提取语篇中的主旨要义和关键信息 主旨大意题＋细节题 熟练掌握 第 4 条 分析比较书面语篇中信息、知识或观点之间的关联 共同点／归纳题、比较题 熟练掌握 第 6 条 概括书面语篇中的主要信息、观点及其支撑论据 主旨概括与结构梳理 熟练掌握 第 8 条 辨识语篇中关键字词和关键概念以快速获取相关信息 关键词定位 熟练掌握 第 10 条 根据上下文线索或非文字信息推断词语的意义 词义猜测题 熟练掌握 第 11 条 识别书面语篇中常见的指代和衔接关系 指代题＋衔接判断 熟练掌握 第 12 条 根据书面语篇的标题、图片、图表和关键词等信息，推断语篇的主题和内容 图表信息题＋主题推断 熟练掌握 第 13 条 分析书面语篇段落间和上下文间的逻辑关系，评价作者的写作策略和技巧 段落关系与写作策略 熟练掌握 第 15 条 根据语篇事实或语言表达，推断、评价说话人或作者的行为、观点、意图和态度 推理判断题＋观点态度题 熟练掌握 1.2 学考与高考的考查差异 阅读理解在两类考试中都是分值最大的板块，但考查的“苛刻程度”差别明显。学考文本词数更短、题量更少、选项干扰更弱；高考文本词数更长、选项干扰更强、且常常把考查点藏在逻辑关系里。这个差别决定了学考的训练重点应当放在基础动作的熟练化上，而不是高级技巧的钻研上。 比较维度 学业水平考试（学考） 高考 文本长度 250—350 词（据 19 份真题实测，单篇体量较小） 400 词以上，一篇可抵学考两篇 篇数与题量 每卷 2—3 篇，每篇 3—5 题（标准 4 题） 3—4 篇，每篇 4 题（A/B/C/D 篇） 体裁 说明文 45%、记叙文 30%、应用文 21%、议论文 2%（3年真题实测） 覆盖面更广，文学性语篇与复杂议论文比例明显更高 选项干扰 多为同义替换与范围过大／过小，干扰相对温和 无中生有、张冠李戴、以偏概全、过度绝对四类齐备，且刻意设置“似是而非”项 推理题比例 较低，答案基本能定位到具体句子 较高，常需跨段整合或推断隐含意义 图表题 较少，但已开始出现（如饼图数据比较） 常见，且常作为“主数据来源” 得分目标 “读懂并找得到”——把题做对即可 “读懂、找准、辨得清”——要在强干扰中突围 易错提醒：学考学生最容易走的三条弯路 弯路一：把阅读当成“词汇大赛”。 学考文本 250—350 词，生词率远低于高考。多份真题实测显示，阅读题的失分主因不是“看不懂”，而是“看懂了却选错”——即定位不准、干扰项没排除。建议：把记单词的时间压缩，把练定位的时间加倍。 弯路二：先读全文再读题。 正确顺序是先读题、圈关键词，再带着问题扫读。先读全文会让学生读完仍不知道要找什么，于是“凭印象选”——这是学考阅读最大的时间黑洞。 弯路三：主攻“难题技巧”，忽略“简单题必得分”。 学考细节题的答案几乎都能在原文找到对应句，这类题不该丢分。请学生记住一句话：“先把该对的题全对，再谈难题”——阅读提分永远是这个顺序。 1.3 2027命题趋势观察与备考策略 综合真题的实测数据与课标要求，阅读理解的命题呈现三条清晰趋势。下表把趋势、表现与备考动作并列，供制定复习计划时直接取用。 趋势 表现 备考动作 趋势一：说明文仍是绝对主力 118 篇语篇中说明文 53 篇（45%），2025 湖南、2025 鞍山、2025 陕西、2025 辽宁大连等卷均为说明文；说明文的题目多为可定位的细节题，最考验定位基本功 练熟六种定位信号与同义替换的比对习惯；把“定位句在哪一段第几句”当作讲评的固定落点 趋势二：“共同点／归纳题”成为新增高频题型 2024 甘肃卷、2025 陕西卷、2025 鞍山卷、2026 辽宁大连卷连续四年出现“What do the … have in common?”，且对象数从 two 递增到 four 专项训练四步比对法；每篇说明文都自己动手列一张“对象—特征”表 趋势三：应用文末题趋于稳定，图表题开始抬头 “In which section of a magazine／newspaper…”在福建卷、陕西卷、泰州卷反复出现；2024 辽宁卷出现饼图数据比较题，2026 北京卷出现多模态文本 把广告、通知、栏目介绍、科普短文的版式特征讲清楚；训练看图取数与图文互证 备考策略四条 ● 第一条：把训练单位从“题”改成“定位”。 每篇阅读做完后，不只对答案，还要在原文上画出每道题的定位句。画不出来的题，说明是蒙对的，必须重做。这一条做到位，细节题的正确率能从四五成提到八九成。 ● 第二条：建立“体裁—题法”对应表。 说明文练定位与主旨，记叙文练要素与情感线，应用文练匹配与出处，议论文练论点与论据。每次阅读前先判断体裁，再决定读法。 ● 第三条：归纳题单独成块训练，不混在别的题里做。 这类题耗时更长、失误更集中，混着做会被前面题目的惯性带偏。建议每周一次专项，一次 3—4 篇说明文，每篇只做归纳题。 易错提醒：学考整卷的时间分配 阅读理解 18—20 分钟（2—3 篇，每篇 6—8 分钟）；完形填空 8 分钟（10—15 题，每题 40 秒左右）；语法填空 6 分钟（10 题，每题 35 秒）；书面表达 25 分钟（含 5 分钟检查）；机动 3—5 分钟。 若卷面含单项选择或改错，从机动时间中扣，并相应压缩阅读——但阅读的 18 分钟不可再压：它是分值最高的板块，压阅读等于压分数。 给学生的硬性要求：单题超过 90 秒立刻跳过。 一道题纠结两分钟，等于后面的两篇少了两分钟——这是学考阅读失分的隐形大头。 2.1 板块构成与分值定位 板块 在卷中的地位 真题实际形态 阅读理解 分值最大的板块， 19 卷全部设置 每卷 2—3 篇，每篇 3—5 题（标准 4 题）；体裁覆盖应用文、记叙文、说明文，偶见议论文与夹叙夹议 完形填空 19 卷全部设置 10—15 题，一篇短文； 考查动词、形容词、副词、名词、连词等词类与搭配 语法填空 19 卷全部设置 10 题（1 个词／词形）； 考查时态语态、非谓语、词性、冠词、介词、连词、时态呼应 书面表达 19 卷全部设置 应用文为主（书信、邮件、投稿、申请、发言稿）； 词数 80—100，个别卷有图表描述类 单项选择 / 改错 仅部分卷设置 （如甘肃卷、广东卷、云南卷） 10 题单选或 5 句改错； 多为词类、时态、固定搭配 统计依据：2024 年 1 月辽宁卷、2024 江苏卷、2024 湖北卷、2024 甘肃卷、2024 陕西卷、2025 年 6 月福建卷、2025 年 7 月云南卷、2025 安徽卷、2025 广东卷、2025 江苏卷、2025 河南许昌卷、2025 湖南卷、2025 辽宁鞍山卷、2025 陕西卷、2026 北京卷、2026 辽宁大连卷、2025—2026 江苏泰州卷、2023—2024 福建卷、2024 年 12 月贵州卷，共 19 份。 易错提醒：阅读理解与其它板块的真实关系 它们不是并列关系，而是主从关系。 完形填空的语篇是一篇文章，语法填空的语篇也是一篇文章——学生每读一篇，都在练阅读；阅读能力直接抬高完形与填空的正确率。 作文也在“读”。 应用文作文的题目本身是一段材料（如图文信息、图表），读不懂材料就写不对，所以作文讲评也应当回到“材料读懂了吗”这个起点。 语言学习不应以孤立的单词或句子为单位，而应以语篇为单位进行”。 2.2 语篇体裁分布与各体裁阅读要领 对 118 篇真题语篇作体裁统计，分布结果相当集中：说明文占 45%，记叙文占 30%，应用文占 21%，三者合计 96%。这意味着复习时间应当按这个比例来分配，而不是平均用力。 体裁 篇数 真题样例 阅读要领 说明文 53 篇 （45%） 2025 湖南卷“Coexistence Plan Shop”； 2025 辽宁卷“如何判断猫咪能否与其他猫相处”； 2025 陕西卷“gilli 等三项运动” 抓说明对象与说明顺序（时间／空间／逻辑）； 细节题几乎全部落在原文定位句上， 但“共同点”类题需跨段比较 记叙文 35 篇 （30%） 2025 河南卷“初到伦敦”； 2025 云南卷“父亲的自行车”； 2023—2024 福建卷“Spud Webb 的励志故事” 抓时间线与情感线； 细节题看事件六要素， 主旨题看首尾段与标题 应用文 25 篇 （21%） 2024 甘肃卷“四本青少年读物”； 2025 湖南卷“四个音乐夏令营”； 2025 泰州卷“最佳旅游目的地” 抓信息定位与匹配； 应用文几乎没有推理题， 全是原文细节； 末题常考出处/体裁判断 议论文 2 篇 （2%） 2024 江苏卷“遇到困难时寻求帮助是有益的” 抓论点与论据的对应； 主旨题看首段末句或主题句； 观点态度题要看评价性词语 夹叙夹议 2 篇 （2%） 2024 甘肃卷“悬索桥与自由” 先分清“叙”与“议”： 叙事段出细节，议论段出主旨与态度 易错提醒：三种体裁的“读法”必须分开教 说明文——读“结构”。 它的骨架是“总—分—总”，答案几乎都能定位到具体句子。读法：先找总起句确定“讲什么”，再按段落逐个抓住“讲了什么”。 记叙文——读“线”。 它的骨架是时间线与情感线，细节题考事件要素（谁、何时、何地、做了什么、结果如何），主旨题常常落在末段的情感升华上。 应用文——读“点”。 它的骨架是分散的信息点（时间、地点、价格、对象、要求），题目几乎全是信息匹配，读法是“扫读圈点”，不是“通读全文”。 三种读法混用，是学考阅读效率低下的深层原因。 建议在卷面开头的标题处先判体裁，再定读法——这一动作只需两秒，却能省下大量时间。 2.3 设问角度分类与真题频次 读懂文章只是第一步，读懂题问什么才决定能不能拿分。对阅读题逐题归类，结果显示设问角度高度集中。 设问角度 频次 真题设问原句（节选） 解题抓手 细节理解 最高频 （占绝对多数） What is special about Pedal the Cause? What should be done before you shut off the knobs? How much time is needed to volunteer according to the passage? 定位句 ＋ 同义替换； 题干关键词回原文找同义表达， 选项与原文有词面差异时才对 推理判断 次高频 What probably limited Beaton's imagination? What can we learn from the passage? 由文本证据推出结论， 结论必须有原文依据， 不可凭常识外推 主旨大意 中频 What does the passage mainly talk about? What's the text mainly about? What is the text mainly about? 首尾段＋段落主题句＋标题； 选项是全文概括， 不是某一段的概括 共同点／归纳 中频，且逐年上升 What do the three sports have in common? What do the four walks have in common? What do the last two books have in common? 逐项比对每个对象的特征， 找出交集； 这是最易错的一类 写作目的 低频但必考 What's the purpose of the text? Who are the music camps mainly intended for? 应用文看“给谁看、干什么用”； 说明文／记叙文看“作者想干什么” 出处体裁判断 低频但极固定 In which section of a magazine can we find the text? In which section of a newspaper can you find this text? Where is the passage probably from? 文本特征反推来源： 有价格／联系方式 → 广告； 有活动日期地点 → 通知； 有分段标题 → 报刊栏目 词义猜测／指代 很少 What does the underlined word "it" in the first text refer to? 上下文线索法： 找同位解释、举例、对比、 以及上下文中的复现词 ★ 三条命题规律（决定复习时间怎么分配） 规律一：细节理解是绝对主力，推理判断与主旨大意是第二梯队。 这意味着“准确定位”是最值钱的能力——它同时决定细节题与推理题的成败。 规律二：“共同点／归纳题”已成为高频新题型。 2025 年陕西卷、辽宁鞍山卷、辽宁大连卷、2024 甘肃卷均出现“What do the … have in common?”，这是近年最明显的新增考点，必须专项训练。 规律三：词义猜测与指代题极少出现。 19 卷 75 题中仅 1 题——不必专门花大量时间，只在做完其他题后顺带处理即可。 易错提醒：读题时必须圈出“问法词”，这是最快提分的一步 mainly about → 找全文；according to → 找原文原话；probably／most likely → 需要推断；have in common → 需要跨段比较。 同一个 What 开头，问法不同，解法天差地别。 建议固定动作：读题时用笔圈出问法词。 很多学生看到 What 就条件反射去找“是什么”，结果把主旨题的答案（全文概括）当成了细节题的答案（局部事实），或者反过来——这是失分最集中的一处。 特别提醒“have in common”这一问法。 它不是问“它们是什么”，而是问“它们共有什么”——必须把每个对象都看一遍。 2.4 三步阅读法与四步答题法 阅读能力的差异，很大程度上不是“理解力”的差异，而是流程是否规范的差异。 阶段 动作 具体操作 时间控制 第一步 读题 先看题干， 再读文章 ① 读完全部题干与选项； ② 在题干上圈出定位关键词； ③ 标出题干问法（what／why／how／mainly…） 2—3 分钟（读题不计入阅读时间） 第二步 读文 带着问题扫读， 不做逐词翻译 ① 先扫首段与末段，抓主旨； ② 按题干定位关键词回原文跳读； ③ 圈出答案句并编号； ④ 遇到生词跳过，不为一个词停下 8—10 分钟（每篇 3—4 分钟） 第三步 答题 回题干，逐题比对 ① 拿答案句与选项逐字比对； ② 同义替换才对，词面相同反而要警惕； ③ 排除无中生有、偷换概念、以偏概全； ④ 标记后回读，仍有疑问的留到最后 5 分钟（回读 2 分钟＋誊写 3 分钟） ★ 四步法的三个关键动作（课堂必须强调） 动作一：读题时圈关键词。 题干中的专有名词、数字、大写词是定位锚点；问法词（mainly、probably、in common）决定你要找的是全文还是局部。 动作二：读文时只做两件事——抓主旨、找答案句。 不要逐词翻译，学考文章词数 250—350，逐词翻译必然做不完。 动作三：答题时做“同义比对”而不是“眼熟比对”。 答案与原文字面不同但意思相同才是对的；字面相同却意思不同是最常见的陷阱（如原文说 cannot 选项写成 can）。 ★ 时间分配的“保底策略”（时间不够时怎么办） 第一轮：只做有把握的题。 扫读定位清楚的题立刻作答，每题不超过 90 秒。 第二轮：处理需要推断和辨析的题。 剩余时间集中攻这类题。 最后 2 分钟：统一誊写、检查。 宁可空一道难题，也不要因为一道题卡住而丢掉后面整篇。 易错提醒：把“读题”独立成一个阶段，是学考阅读最重要的一次流程升级 多数学生的实际流程是：读一遍全文 → 做第一题 → 再读一遍 → 做第二题……这是最耗时的流程，因为每道题都要重新通读全文。 改成“先读题”之后：读完 4 道题只在开头花 2—3 分钟，但每道题都能一次跳读到位，省下的时间足以多检查一遍。 课堂落实建议：连续两周，要求学生在卷面标题处写下每道题的定位关键词（哪怕只写一两个词），教师批改时先看定位词，再看答案。两周之后这个动作会自动化，阅读速度通常能提升三分之一。 2.5 定位句的六种信号与快速锁定 “定位”是阅读的核心动作。六类定位信号及各自的应对办法。 信号类型 真题中的样子 快速锁定法 定位失败时怎么办 专有名词 Pedal the Cause、African Bird Safari、Blair Drummond Safari Park、 Coexistence Plan Shop 原样回原文搜， 找到即命中 换成类别词再搜 （Safari Park → theme park） 数字与年代 6—8 weeks old、three weeks training、60% of the world's jasmine 带数字搜， 注意单位与年份 把数字换成文字再搜 （60% → more than half） 同义改写 题干：How much time is needed? 原文：the minimum volunteering time is two hours 不搜原词，搜同义词： time → hours／period； needed → minimum／required 改搜题干中的实词 而非限定词 逻辑连接词 However、But、Therefore、 On the contrary、Instead 答案句常在转折词之后 往前一句也纳入答案范围 （转折前后都可能） 段落主题句 段首句、段末句、 独立成段的过渡句 先看段落位置， 题目问“段落大意”就从主题句入手 把整段的首尾句合起来理解 题干问法词 mainly → 全篇； according to → 原文明确说了； probably／most likely → 需要推断 问法决定找法的范围： 细节题找一句， 主旨题找全篇 换问法重读题干， 确认自己没看错题 ★ 定位失败的三种典型情形与对策 情形一：题干里全是同义词，原文找不到任何一个词。 对策：不要死磕原词，改用类别词／上位词搜（volunteer → participation）。 情形二：文中出现了题干词，但出现在另一个段落。 对策：题干词可能只是干扰信息，扩大范围读整个段落再判断。 情形三：答案句里含代词（it、they、this），看不懂指什么。 对策：往前找最近的、能充当该代词指代对象的名词或名词短语——这一步与专题 14 的“插入语辨认”是同一项能力。 易错提醒：定位的三个常见故障与排查 故障一：搜不到关键词。 多半是同义改写造成的——题干用 minimum，原文用 the shortest。此时改搜题干中的实义词，或直接用上位概念（volunteer → participation）。 故障二：搜到了但不是答案句。 关键词在文中出现多次，真正与题干构成问答关系的只有一处。排查办法：看这一句前后有没有出现与题干相同或相近的信息。 故障三：定位句含代词，看不懂。——代词指代与插入语辨认。往前找最近的可充当指代对象的名词或名词短语即可。 2.6 三类高频干扰项的识别与排除 读懂了却选错，多半是干扰项没有排除干净。最常用的四类干扰项拆开，每一类都给出可操作的排除方法。 干扰类型 典型表现 真题式样 排除方法 无中生有 选项内容原文根本没提， 或属于合理但无据的外推 题干问 What can we learn from the passage? 选项把文章某一句的反面说出来 逐字回原文搜选项关键词； 搜不到即排除 偷换概念 把 A 段说的主体换成 B 段的主体， 或把部分说成全部 文章讲“三个运动有什么共同点”，选项只讲其中两个的共同点 数一数对象个数： 问 three 就必须三个都成立 以偏概全 把某一段落的内容当成全文主旨 选项是第二段的内容， 而主旨题问的是全文 看选项是否只覆盖一段； 是则多半错 张冠李戴 把文章的例子当成了结论， 或把作者引用他人的观点当成作者本人观点 文中引述专家说 A 是有益的， 选项却说“本文作者认为 A 有害” 区分作者观点与 文中他人观点—— 看主语是谁 过度绝对 出现 all、never、only、 impossible、must 等绝对化表述 文章说“多数人认为……”， 选项说“所有人都认为……” 凡是绝对词先打问号， 回原文找对应的限定语 ★ 推理题的“证据链”原则（务必让学生记牢） 推理题的答案，必须能说得出“我是从哪句话推出来的”。 如果指着选项答不出具体出处，那它多半是干扰项。 唯一例外是“根据语篇推测作者态度”这类题——此时依据是全文的语气与立场，而不是某一句。 特别注意：文中出现 can、may、might、suggest、probably 等词的句子，恰恰是推理题的答案来源——因为它们本身就带“可推”的余地。2024 甘肃卷 What probably limited Beaton's imagination? 就属于这一类。 易错提醒：错项的“话术”识别法（比背类型更管用） 命题人设置干扰项时，用的词往往是高度模式化的。学会认话术，比背类型更管用： “都可以”“都是”“一定”“不可能”“只有” —— 见到绝对词，立刻回原文找限定语； “可能”“也许”“大概” —— 若是推断题，答案往往比选项更确定，一个处处留退路的选项通常不是原文意图； “这说明”“这表明”“因此” —— 推理题里出现这类词时，要特别检查推理是否有原文依据； 选项中出现原文没有的专有名词或数字 —— 直接排除，原文没有的东西不能是答案。 最实用的一条：把选项中的关键词逐字回原文搜，搜不到的先划掉，通常能秒杀一半干扰项。 2.7 主旨大意题的四种解法 主旨大意题出现频率不算最高，但一旦出现，错一个就是错一个，且它是区分中上水平与普通水平的关键题。表7 给出四种解法与两大陷阱。 解法 怎么用 适用场景 注意点 首尾段法 （最常用） 读首段最后一句与末段第一句， 两句连起来往往就是主旨 所有体裁，尤其实用文 首段末句常是总起， 末段首句常是总结 主题句法 找每段的主题句（多为段首句， 也可能在段末），再归纳共同点 说明文、议论文 说明文常有总起段＋分述段， 主旨常在总起段 标题法 看标题：标题往往就是 用最凝练的方式说清主旨 有标题的语篇（多数应用文与说明文） 标题是线索不是答案， 仍需与正文验证 选项验证法 把选项逐个回原文验证： 看能否覆盖全文、有无原文支撑 所有主旨题（终审手段） 这是排除法， 不是猜法 ★ 主旨题的“两极陷阱”（命题人最爱设的地方） 陷阱一：范围过大。 选项把话题扩大化——文章讲“如何在城市里种树”，选项写“论环保的重要性”，后者正确但太空，不是最佳答案。 陷阱二：范围过小。 选项只是文章某一段的内容——文中讲三个好处，选项只说其中一个好处。 判断口诀：主旨题的正确答案是“全文都能装进去、但比全文更具体”的那一项。 ★ 与“写作目的题”的区别（最容易混的一对） 主旨大意问的是“这篇主要说了什么”——答案是内容。 写作目的问的是“作者写它是为了什么”——答案是意图。 应用文：主旨是“这是一个音乐夏令营介绍”，目的却是“吸引高中生报名”。 记叙文：主旨是“作者在伦敦的适应与喜爱”，目的却是“表达对这座城市的热爱”。 最快的区分办法：看问法。 题干出现 mainly about → 主旨；出现 purpose／intended for／Why does the author → 目的。 易错提醒：主旨题的两个极端错误，与一条判定标准 极端一：把某段的内容当主旨。 尤其在说明文里，学生常把“分述段”的一句话当主旨。对策：问自己“这句话在全文里占多大篇幅？” 只覆盖一段的，多半不是主旨。 极端二：选了一个正确但太空的选项。 “环保很重要”“科技改变生活”这类话永远正确，所以永远不会是主旨题答案。对策：题目问主旨，答案必须比“全文”更具体。 一条判定标准：主旨题的正确选项，应当是“全文都能装进去，但比全文更具体”的那一句。 “装不进去”说明范围过小；“不如全文具体”说明范围过大——两个标准同时满足的，通常就是它。 2.8 “共同点／归纳题”专项 这是近三年出现频率上升最明显的题型。2024 甘肃卷、2025 陕西卷、2025 辽宁鞍山卷、2026 辽宁大连卷连续四年出现“What do the … have in common?”，且所问对象由 two 递增到 three、four。这是必须专项训练的题型。 步骤 动作 以真题为例 常见失分 第一步 列对象 把题干问的每一个对象逐一抄下来 2025 陕西卷：the three sports →gilli、korfball、woodball 漏掉最后一个对象——只比了两个就下结论 第二步 找特征 为每个对象在原文里找同一维度的特征 gilli：用球棒击球入筐； korfball：两队各 4 人，投掷； woodball：用球拍击球 维度不统一——拿 gilli 的规则去比 others 第三步 找交集 找所有对象都成立的那一条 三者共同点：都是两队参与、 都有得分线、都要争对方球门 找到某一个成立就停手，漏检其余对象 第四步 回原文验 把交集结论回原文核对一遍， 确认每个对象都成立 回到三段原文， 逐段确认 不验证就选， 容易选到“只对两个成立”的项 ★ 四条防错铁律（教参自留） 铁律一：对象一个都不能少。 问 three 就必须三个都成立，问 four 就必须四个。 铁律二：特征必须是同一维度。 不能拿 A 的“器材”去比 B 的“人数”。 铁律三：交集不等于“都有的那一项”。 有时共同点不是某个具体事实，而是一种性质（如“都需要体力和技巧配合”）。 铁律四：宁可回原文再读一遍。 这类题错一个就全错，不做验证等于赌。 ★ 真题链接（四卷同型，可直接做类比训练） 2024 甘肃卷：What do the last two books have in common? 2025 陕西卷：What do the three sports have in common? 2025 辽宁鞍山卷：What do the sports have in common? 2026 辽宁大连卷：What do the four walks have in common? ——同一问法、同一考法，连续四年出现，属于必须专项训练的题型。 易错提醒：归纳题失分的三个典型原因 原因一：漏对象。 问 three 就只看了两个，结论自然不成立。对策：先在题干上把对象逐个圈出来（如 gilli／korfball／woodball），做完一项划掉一项。 原因二：维度不统一。 拿“gilli 用什么器材”去比“korfball 要几个人”——根本不是同一个维度，无法比较。对策：先确定“比什么”，再去原文找同一个维度的信息。 原因三：把“有的那一个”当成“共同的那一个”。 题干问共同点，答案必须对所有对象都成立；只对其中一个成立的选项是典型的“张冠李戴”干扰项。 一句口诀：先列对象，同维找点，逐个验证，最后才选。 2.9 应用文阅读与出处判断速查 固定题型 真题设问 解题依据 选项规律 出处判断 （问“来自哪里”） In which section of a magazine can we find the text? In which section of a newspaper can you find this text? Where is the passage probably from? 扫文本特征： 有价格／优惠／联系方式 → 广告； 有活动日期地点 → 通知； 有多个并列小标题 → 报刊栏目； 有统一票价 → 演出信息 四个选项往往就是 四种真实版面 （广告／通知／书评／科普）， 凭特征对号入座 对象匹配 （问“给谁看”） Who are the music camps mainly intended for? Who is the passage intended for? 读标题与首段， 看招募对象与活动内容 选项多为人群 （小学生／初中生／高中生／成人） 细节定位 （占绝大多数） What is special about Pedal the Cause? How long does the Long March Spirit Red Study Festival last? 应用文信息密度低、 定位极准， 直接回原文找同义表达 几乎不出推理题—— 应用文的一切都写明 ★ 应用文阅读的三条提分要诀 要诀一：先扫结构再答题。 应用文的标题、活动名、时间、地点、价格、联系方式分布在不同位置，先把这几处信息圈出来，题目十有八九能直接对上。 要诀二：应用文不需要推理。 看到“probably／most likely”要警惕——应用文里几乎没有推断空间，凡是推出来的答案，多半是干扰项。 要诀三：出题题一定考体裁特征。 应用文末题几乎固定考“出处／体裁”，把广告、通知、栏目介绍、科普短文的版式特征讲清楚，这一类题就是送分题。 易错提醒：应用文末题的“出处判断”，考的是版式常识不是阅读能力 这类题在 19 卷中反复出现（福建卷、陕西卷、泰州卷、2026 北京卷），属于典型的送分题，但学生常常做错——因为他们没仔细看选项的版面描述。 建议课堂专门用 10 分钟讲清四种文本的版式特征： 广告——有价格、优惠、联系方式、行动号召（Call now／Book online）； 通知／海报——有活动名称、日期、时间、地点、对象、报名方式； 报刊栏目——有多个并列小标题或分条介绍，体例统一； 科普／资讯短文——有研究背景、数据来源、时间地点交代。 判断步骤固定为两步：先看文本有没有“具体数字、价格、时间、联系方式”——有则多为广告或通知；再看有没有“并列小标题”——有则多为报刊栏目；都没有则多为资讯或科普。 顺带提醒：应用文里出现“probably／most likely”要格外小心——应用文的信息都是明确的，题干若要求推断，往往是陷阱。 考点一：细节理解题 例1. (2026年北京市普通高中学业水平考试英语试题节选) Ready for a Wild Day Out? There’s so much to see and do at Blair Drummond Safari Park. Want to watch animals first or take a train through the forest? Plan your time wisely! Animal Talks Catch the chance to form a study group for your kids to have animal talks. They will follow our education teams to learn more about our wonderful animals and their personalities. All Aboard Jump on our new train for a journey through the forest and along the lakeside to Chimp Island. Enjoy amazing views and interesting facts about our animals and local wildlife. Adventure Playground With a pirate ship (海盗船) and covered play area for the little kids, our adventure playground will keep all your little ones busy. Or why not take our boats or fly down our huge slide as if on a plane? Animal Watching Roll up car windows and take the whole family on a drive-through around. Lions, rhinos, camels and antelopes all walk around you freely. And don’t forget our cute monkeys — they might try to get a ride! ·Opening times We are open from the 15th of January until the 23rd of October. Make sure you book online in advance!·Useful information Pets are not permitted into the park. ·Ticket prices Adult £22.50 Child (3-15 years) £16.00 Senior (60 + years) £19.50 Family £60.00 Under 3 FREE 16．In which program can kids join a study group? A．Animal Talks. B．All Aboard. C．Adventure Playground. D．Animal Watching. 17．How can people get to Chimp Island? A．By boat. B．By air. C．By car. D．By train. 18．How much should a lady over 60 pay for a ticket? A．£ 60.00. B．£ 22.50. C．£ 19.50. D．£ 16.00. 【答案】16．A 17．D 18．C 【导语】文章介绍布莱尔德拉蒙德野生动物园的游玩项目、开放时间、入园规定及票价等相关游玩信息。 【详解】16．细节理解题。根据Animal Talks中“Catch the chance to form a study group for your kids to have animal talks. They will follow our education teams to learn more about our wonderful animals and their personalities.(抓住机会为你的孩子组建学习小组，参与动物讲解活动。他们将跟随我们的教育团队，更多地了解奇妙的动物及其习性)”可知，孩子可以在动物讲解项目中加入学习小组。 17．细节理解题。根据All Aboard中“Jump on our new train for a journey through the forest and along the lakeside to Chimp Island.(登上我们的新火车，开启穿越森林、沿湖前往黑猩猩岛的旅程)”可知，人们可以乘坐火车前往黑猩猩岛。 18．细节理解题。根据票价介绍“Senior (60 + years) £19.50(60岁以上老人票价：19.50英镑)”可知，一位60岁以上的女士需要支付19.50英镑的门票费用。 If you’re searching for a new way to work, we’ve put together a list of some great options for you to look into. SANODESK QS+ electric standing desk    www.sanodeskqs.co.uk This desk is made from maple wood and primarily designed to be used as a computer desk. It has a white frame and a base made from alloy steel (合金钢) that can hold up to 60kg. This model also has a control button, for adjusting the direction and height of the desk itself, whether you prefer to stand or sit. YITAHOME electric standing desk        www.yitahome.co.uk Primarily designed as a computer desk, this model comes with a firm black frame, with more than enough room for a monitor, keyboard and other items. It also includes step-by-step instructions and a toolkit (工具箱) for easy installation (安装). Also featured is an intelligent keypad for height adjustment, which has anti-collision (防冲撞的) technology. TRIUMPHKEY electric standing desk        www.triumphkey.co.uk This desk is two-double, with a main desk and an attached monitor shelf. It is designed to have at least 60kg capacity, with an industrial grade steel frame keeping it in place. Also featured are two preset adjustable height settings, ranging from 72cm to 117cm, depending on your preferred working height. PANANA electric standing desk        www.panana.co.uk Great for home office use, this electric desk comes in a brown finish, with its top material made from firm iron, with engineered wood as the base material. The desk also has an adjustable height feature and an extra installation instructions, which will let you install it easily. 1．Which brand will you choose if you need to control the direction of the desk? A．SANODESK QS+. B．YITAHOME. C．TRIUMPHKEY. D．PANANA． 2．Which website can you visit to learn about a desk with a shelf? A．www.sanodeskqs.co.uk. B．www.yitahome.co.uk. C．www.triumphkey.co.uk. D．www.panana.co.uk. 3．What do the four desks have in common? A．They are made of steel. B．They hold at most 60kg. C．They provide installation instructions. D．They are adjustable in height. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文是应用文。主要介绍了四种不同品牌的电动升降桌，包括它们的特点、材质、用途和如何操作等细节信息。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据SANODESK QS+ electric standing desk下的“This model also has a control button, for adjusting the direction and height of the desk itself, whether you prefer to stand or sit.(这款桌子还有一个控制按钮，可以根据你喜欢站着还是坐着来调整桌子本身的方向和高度)”可知，如果你需要控制桌子的方向，你会选择SANODESK QS+。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据TRIUMPHKEY electric standing desk下的“This desk is two-double, with a main desk and an attached monitor shelf.(这张桌子是双层的，有一张主桌和一个附加的显示器架子)”可知，TRIUMPHKEY是带架子的桌子，所以你可以访问www.triumphkey.co.uk。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据SANODESK QS+ electric standing desk下的“This model also has a control button, for adjusting the direction and height of the desk itself, whether you prefer to stand or sit.(这款桌子还有一个控制按钮，可以根据你喜欢站着还是坐着来调整桌子本身的方向和高度)”，YITAHOME electric standing desk下的“Also featured is an intelligent keypad for height adjustment, which has anti-collision (防冲撞的) technology.(还有一个智能键盘，用于高度调节，具有防碰撞技术)”，TRIUMPHKEY electric standing desk下的“Also featured are two preset adjustable height settings, ranging from 72cm to 117cm, depending on your preferred working height.(还有两个预设的可调高度设置，范围从72厘米到117厘米，这取决于你喜欢的工作高度)”以及PANANA electric standing desk下的“The desk also has an adjustable height feature and an extra installation instructions, which will let you install it easily.(这张桌子还有一个可调节高度的功能，还有一个额外的安装说明，可以让你轻松安装)”可知，这四张桌子的共同点是它们的高度可以调节。故选D项。 考点二 ：推理判断题 例1. (2026年江苏省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题节选) Peng Jingxuan plucks the strings (拨动琴弦) of her guzheng, a 13-string Chinese instrument. She is giving a street performance. And it is under the Eiffel Tower in Paris! In another French city, Zhao Yang plays the pipa, a Chinese lute with four strings. She wears traditional Chinese costume (戏装) and a pair of sunglasses, making her a combination of an ancient poet and a modern rock star. Both Peng and Zhao are popular on Chinese video platforms (平台), where they post videos of their street performances in France. They also share their videos on foreign social platforms, attracting many viewers from all over the world, who leave a lot of praises in different languages Since she started performing in the streets in 2018, Peng has seen foreigners’ increasing interest in Chinese culture. Some viewers even came up to thank her. Although they had never been to China, her music had touched them Zhao’s costume also draws crowds. “Our Chinese clothes and instruments are really eye-catching,” she said. “Viewers take photos on their phones.” To spread Chinese culture, Zhao has studied the costumes and hairstyles of different periods in Chinese history and uses them to show the richness of Chinese culture to the world. She adds modern elements as well. “Many people think traditional Chinese culture is mysterious (神秘的) and quiet, but I want to show them that it has unlimited possibilities and vitality (活力),” she explained. 5．Why did Peng Jingxuan and Zhao Yang play instruments in the streets of France? A．To recall good old days. B．To beg food from passers-by. C．To spread Chinese culture. D．To collect money for charity. 6．What might have driven the two girls to give performances? A．Warm weather. B．A comfortable life. C．A good income. D．National pride. 【答案】5．C 6．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述彭静璇和赵阳在法国街头演奏中国乐器，传播中国文化并融入现代元素的故事。 【详解】5．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“To spread Chinese culture, Zhao has studied the costumes and hairstyles of different periods in Chinese history and uses them to show the richness of Chinese culture to the world.(为了传播中国文化，赵阳研究了中国历史不同时期的服饰与发型，并借此向世界展示中国文化的丰富内涵。)”以及前文彭静璇通过演奏让外国人了解中国古筝的描述以及赵阳弹奏琵琶可知，二人在法国街头演奏乐器的核心目的是传播中国文化。故选C项。 6．推理判断题。结合全文以及根据第一段“Peng Jingxuan plucks the strings (拨动琴弦) of her guzheng, a 13-string Chinese instrument. She is giving a street performance. And it is under the Eiffel Tower in Paris!(彭静璇拨动着她那架十三弦中国乐器 —— 古筝的琴弦。她正在进行一场街头演奏，而演奏的地点，就在巴黎的埃菲尔铁塔下！)”根据第二段“In another French city, Zhao Yang plays the pipa, a Chinese lute with four strings. She wears traditional Chinese costume (戏装) and a pair of sunglasses, making her a combination of an ancient poet and a modern rock star.(在法国的另一座城市，赵阳弹奏着中国的四弦弹拨乐器 —— 琵琶。她身着中式传统戏服，还戴了一副墨镜，俨然是一位古风诗人与现代摇滚明星的结合体)可知，二人自发在异国街头用传统乐器结合现代元素展示中国文化，她们以实际行动展现文化自信，背后是对祖国文化的认同与自豪，即民族自豪感。故选D项。 Fast fashion clothes are cheap. So when clothes get old or broken, it often seems easier to buy new ones than to mend (缝补) them. People usually wear each piece of clothing only seven to ten times before throwing it away. Every year, 92 million tons of textile (纺织) waste is burned or thrown away. Luckily, there is a simple way to solve this problem. Repairing clothes is one of the best ways to cut harm to the environment. If we can make clothes last just nine more months, we can cut their carbon, water and waste influence by as much as 20%. However, people usually put off repairing their clothes for reasons like cost and a lack of sewing (缝纫) skills, tools or time. Besides these difficulties, social ideas also affect people’s willingness to mend clothes. Wearing repaired clothing has historically been viewed as a sign of being poor, so people tried to make their repairs as invisible (看不见的) as possible to avoid being looked down upon. The increasing popularity of repair is often linked to economic pressures, but public attitudes toward repair are changing. Today, we are not just hiding repairs. Some people are actively showing them off through visible mending, which includes repairing worn areas, tears, and holes in clothes using methods and materials that are noticeable — such as colourful sewing and decorative patches — so that the repair is stressed rather than hidden. Some companies are also supporting visible repair. They encourage their customers to do DIY repairs at home by offering repair tools, spare parts, repair guides and video lessons. Researchers have stated that such practices are beneficial because they can turn passive consumers into active participants in the life of their products. Besides, these actions can reduce replacement rates and encourage more people to support green living. 1．Why are people unwilling to repair their clothes? A．Most clothes are too old to mend well. B．They have both practical and social difficulties. C．Repairing clothes will produce more textile waste. D．Buying new clothes are much cheaper than repairing broken ones. 2．What can we infer from paragraph 3? A．People used to hide their repairs for fear of being laughed at. B．Visible mending first appeared because of money shortage. C．Public opinions on clothing repair remain the same as before. D．The popularity of mending clothes has nothing to do with money. 3．What do some companies do to encourage visible mending? A．They provide more price cuts. B．They sell more second-hand clothes. C．They cut the production of fast fashion goods. D．They offer mending guidance and video lessons. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To attack fast fashion for producing too much waste. B．To encourage people to mend for environmental reasons. C．To introduce the history of clothing repair in different times. D．To explain the reason behind people’s unwillingness to repair clothes. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了修补衣服对环境的益处以及“可见修补”的兴起，鼓励人们通过修补衣物来减少浪费。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, people usually put off repairing their clothes for reasons like cost and a lack of sewing (缝纫) skills, tools or time. Besides these difficulties, social ideas also affect people’s willingness to mend clothes. (然而，人们通常会因为费用、缺乏缝纫技能、工具或时间等原因而推迟修补衣服。除了这些困难之外，社会观念也影响人们修补衣服的意愿。)”可知，人们不愿意修补衣服是因为实际困难和社会观念两方面的原因。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Wearing repaired clothing has historically been viewed as a sign of being poor, so people tried to make their repairs as invisible (看不见的) as possible to avoid being looked down upon. (历史上，穿修补过的衣服被视为贫穷的象征，因此人们尽量使修补处不显眼，以避免被人看不起。)”可知，人们过去隐藏修补痕迹是因为害怕被嘲笑。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“They encourage their customers to do DIY repairs at home by offering repair tools, spare parts, repair guides and video lessons. (他们通过提供修理工具、备件、修理指南和视频课程来鼓励顾客在家自己修理。)”可知，一些公司通过提供修补指导和视频课程来鼓励可见修补。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段“Repairing clothes is one of the best ways to cut harm to the environment. (修补衣服是减少对环境危害的最好方法之一。)”以及最后一段“Besides, these actions can reduce replacement rates and encourage more people to support green living. (此外，这些行动可以降低更换率，鼓励更多人支持绿色生活。)”可知，本文的主要目的是鼓励人们出于环保原因而修补衣物。 考点三 ：词义猜测题 例1. (2026年北京市普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) The findings revealed a key difference: memories that happened after a major event were stronger if the event itself had a strong emotional impact. However, memories from before the event didn’t have the same effect, but they were more likely to be cemented if they had similarities (some kind of visual signal, like a matching color) that connected them to the significant event. 24．What does the underlined word “cemented” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Strengthened. B．Repaired. C．Controlled. D．Reduced. 【答案】A 【详解】24．词句猜测题。根据第五段“The findings revealed a key difference: memories that happened after a major event were stronger if the event itself had a strong emotional impact. However, memories from before the event didn’t have the same effect, but they were more likely to be cemented if they had similarities (some kind of visual signal, like a matching color) that connected them to the significant event.(研究结果揭示了一个关键差异：如果重大事件本身具有强烈的情绪影响，事件发生后的记忆会更加深刻。然而，事件发生前的记忆没有同样的效果，但如果这些记忆与重大事件存在相似之处（某种视觉信号，比如匹配的颜色），它们就更有可能被cemented )”可知，如果和重大事件有相似关联，记忆就更可能被强化。故猜测cemented意为“强化”，和strengthen同义。 例2. (2025年湖南省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) 61-year-old farmer Cliff Young showed up at the most difficult race in Australia — 875 kilometers — in overalls and gumboots (工业裤和橡胶靴). He went on to win in record time without any training, prevailing over the best athletes. 5．What does the underlined phrase “prevailing over” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Beating. B．Meeting. C．Teaching. D．Moving. 【答案】A 【详解】5．词句猜测题。 根据第一段“61-year-old farmer Cliff Young showed up at the most difficult race in Australia — 875 kilometers — in overalls and gumboots. He went on to win in record time without any training, prevailing over the best athletes.(61岁的农民克利夫・杨穿着工业裤和橡胶靴，出现在澳大利亚最艰难的875公里赛跑中。他在没有任何训练的情况下，以创纪录的时间赢得了比赛，prevailing over最优秀的运动员。)”可知，克利夫・杨赢得了比赛，prevailing over在此处表示“战胜、击败”，与选项Beating含义一致。故选A。 例3. (2025年广东省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) I knocked at the door of the house at exactly 3 p.m. Ezra’s servant opened the door for me. I was led through a large hall where all sorts of paintings are on the walls and then into a library. I waited for a while and at last a very short man appeared. As soon as he saw me, he held out his hand. Not expecting this, I hesitated for a moment. “You can shake hands,” he said. “I don’t have any diseases!” “Mind the steps!” he cried, leading me down some steps. “I don’t say that to all my visitors, you know!” 11．The underlined word “hesitated” probably means? A．introduced oneself B．held out ones hand C．showed uncertainty D．showed dislikes 【答案】C 【详解】11．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“As soon as he saw me, he held out his hand. Not expecting this, I hesitated for a moment. (他一看到我，就伸出了手。没想到会这样，我_____了一会儿)”可知，作者没想到埃兹拉·普赖姆会伸出手来握手，所以会犹豫，不确定要不要握手。由此可推断出“hesitated”意思是“犹豫，不确定”，与C项“showed uncertainty”意思相近。故选C项。 A groundbreaking study published in Nature updated sleep standards by introducing biological clock data. Based on half a million adult samples, the research found gender differences in ideal sleep length. Women function best with 6.5 to 7.8 hours of sleep per night, while men’s ideal range is 6.4 to 7.7 hours. Slight individual differences also exist due to physical conditions. 1．The underlined word “groundbreaking” in Paragraph 3 means ________. A．traditional B．meaningless C．innovative D．complex 【答案】C 【详解】10．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“A groundbreaking study published in Nature updated sleep standards by introducing biological clock data.(一项发表在《自然》杂志上的groundbreaking研究通过引入生物钟数据更新了睡眠标准)”可知，这项研究更新了以往的睡眠标准，因此是一个创新的研究，故猜测groundbreaking意为“创新的”，与innovative同义。 Most high schools hold a freshman orientation before school actually starts. It is helpful not only because you learn your way around the building and get to meet fellow freshmen. That way, when you show up on your first day of school, you may already recognize a few familiar faces. 1．What does the underlined word “orientation” probably mean in Paragraph 2? A．Examination. B．Training. C．Discussion. D．Course. 【答案】B 【详解】13．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Most high schools hold a freshman orientation before school actually starts. It is helpful not only because you learn your way around the building and get to meet fellow freshmen.(大多数高中在正式开学前会举办新生orientation。它很有帮助，不仅是因为你可以熟悉教学楼路线，还能认识其他新生。)”可知，这是开学前帮助新生熟悉校园的培训活动，因此orientation意为“培训”。 考点四 ：主旨大意题 例1. (2025年安徽省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) The UK’s national parks are known for their wonderful mountains, forests, lakes and coasts.In UK law they have specific purposes, such as protecting nature. The authorities have to consider these purposes when they are deciding where to create a new national park. Now, plans from the UK, Welsh and Scottish governments suggest setting up three more. Not everyone thinks national parks are a good idea, though. Some people say they attract too many visitors, who do more harm than good. Others say all the UK’s countryside should be protected. Do we need more national parks? 11．What is the best title for the text? A．Do We Need More National Parks? B．How Do We Build More National Parks? C．Do You Like Visiting National Parks? D．How Do You Make National Parks Popular? 【答案】A 【详解】11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Do we need more national parks?(我们需要更多的国家公园吗？)”可知，核心围绕“是否需要更多国家公园”展开，所以选项A“我们需要更多的国家公园吗？”最适合作为文章标题。故选A。 例2. (2025年云南省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) Since I was young, I have always dreamed of becoming a doctor. I was inspired by my grandfather, who was a kind-hearted doctor. He would often tell me stories about how he helped his patients. Doctors play a very important role in society. They save lives and help people get better when they are sick. I am interested in learning about the human body and finding ways to cure diseases. I know that becoming a doctor requires a lot of hard work. I need to study biology, chemistry, and other science-related subjects in school. After high school, I will go to medical school for several years. Then, I will have to do internships (实习) to gain practical experience. Even though the path is long and difficult, I am determined to achieve my dream. I believe that helping others and making a difference in their lives are very rewarding. 7．What can be the suitable title for the text? A．My Grandfather’s Story B．My Dream of Becoming a Doctor C．The Subjects I Study in School D．My Experience of Being a Nurse 【答案】B 【详解】7．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Since I was young, I have always dreamed of becoming a doctor.(从我小时候起，我就一直梦想着成为一名医生)”结合文章讲述了作者受医生祖父的影响，从小立志成为医生。他深知医生的社会价值，也清楚实现梦想需付出努力，决心克服困难，践行助人的理想。可知，B选项“我成为医生的梦想”最适合作为文章标题。故选B。 例3. (2025年江苏省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) “People think it doesn’t make you fit, but they’re wrong,” Wood said. “If you are looking for something you can do anytime and anywhere, just get out and get yourself walking. It doesn’t have to be fast, nor does it have to be for that long, the great thing about walking is whether you do a 60-minute walk or six 10-minute walks throughout the day, you get the same benefits. It’s great for our physical health and for our mental health.” 12．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．The longer you walk, the fitter you are. B．It’s necessary to walk at least 60 minutes a day. C．Walking brings both physical and mental benefits. D．It’s better to walk during daytime than in the evening. 【答案】C 【详解】12．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“It doesn’t have to be fast, nor does it have to be for that long, the great thing about walking is whether you do a 60-minute walk or six 10-minute walks throughout the day, you get the same benefits. It’s great for our physical health and for our mental health. (步行不一定要速度快，也不一定要持续很久。步行的一大好处在于，无论你是一次性走60分钟，还是一天内分6次各走10分钟，获得的益处都是相同的。这种运动对我们的身体健康和心理健康都大有裨益。)”可知，最后一段的主旨是步行对身心都有益处。故选C项。 Chimpanzees are disappearing from Africa’s forests, and scientists have been studying this problem for many years. At Gombe National Park in Tanzania, where researcher Jane Goodall began her famous work in the 1960s, the forest has become much smaller. There were about a million chimpanzees in the early 20th century, but today there may be only 170,000 to 300,000 left. The reasons are clear. As local people need more land to grow food and sell wood for money, they have cut down many trees. Over the years, the forest has been broken into small pieces. With these pieces cut off from one another, chimpanzees can no longer move freely or meet other groups, which makes it harder for them to survive. However, scientists have not given up hope. At Gombe, Goodall started a program that gives small loans to help villagers begin new businesses and teaches farmers how to grow crops without harmful chemicals. Using a simple phone app, villagers can now report illegal tree cutting by taking photos of fallen trees. What began in 12 villages has now spread to over a hundred villages in Tanzania. These efforts are working. Today, Gombe’s chimpanzees are again connected to groups in nearby countries and are more likely to survive. “It’s not too late to save them,” says Goodall. “Every one of us can choose what kind of influence we make on this planet.” 1．What do we know about chimpanzee numbers? A．They have dropped a lot over the years. B．They have stayed the same for decades. C．They have risen slowly since the 1960s. D．They are no longer recorded by scientists. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Why the forest has become smaller. B．How scientists help local people and wildlife. C．When Goodall began her research at Gombe. D．What the phone app is used for. 3．What is Dr. Goodall’s attitude towards chimpanzee protection? A．Doubtful. B．Hopeless. C．Positive. D．Unconcerned. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．A Phone App That Saves the Forest B．A Warning from Africa’s Broken Forests C．How to Protect Wild Animals D．Jane Goodall and Her Famous Work 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】文章主要讲述非洲黑猩猩数量锐减，珍·古道尔采取多项措施保护它们并初见成效。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“There were about a million chimpanzees in the early 20th century, but today there may be only 170,000 to 300,000 left.(二十世纪初大约有一百万只黑猩猩，但如今可能只剩下17万到30万只。)”可知，这些年来黑猩猩的数量大幅下降。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“However, scientists have not given up hope. At Gombe, Goodall started a program that gives small loans to help villagers begin new businesses and teaches farmers how to grow crops without harmful chemicals. Using a simple phone app, villagers can now report illegal tree cutting by taking photos of fallen trees. What began in 12 villages has now spread to over a hundred villages in Tanzania.(不过，科学家们并没有放弃希望。在贡贝，古道尔发起了一个项目：提供小额贷款帮助村民开创其他生计，同时教农民不使用有害化学品种植庄稼。村民现在可以用一款简易手机软件，拍下被砍伐的树木，举报非法伐木行为。这项计划最初只在12个村庄推行，如今已经推广到坦桑尼亚一百多个村庄。)”可知，本段主要介绍科学家如何帮助当地居民和野生动物。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中““It’s not too late to save them,” says Goodall. “Every one of us can choose what kind of influence we make on this planet.(“拯救它们还不算太晚，”古道尔说，“我们每个人都可以选择给这个星球带来什么样的影响。”)”可知，古道尔对黑猩猩保护持积极乐观的态度。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章先讲森林破碎化、黑猩猩数量减少的危机，再介绍保护行动。“A Warning from Africa’s Broken Forests(来自非洲碎片化森林的警示)”契合全文。 A My First Month in Senior High On September 1st, I walked into No. 1 Senior High School. My hands were cold and my heart was beating fast — I was really nervous. I carried a big bag with new textbooks and followed the students to my classroom. The first hard thing was military training. We stood under the hot sun for 40 minutes. My legs hurt so much that I wanted to sit down. Then, Li Mei, a girl next to me, said quietly, “Come on, we can hold on together.” Her words made me strong. After that, we helped each other tidy our uniforms and shared our water. Slowly, I wasn’t shy anymore, and we began to laugh. The class meeting was another important day. Our teacher asked everyone to talk about a “small goal” for this term. At first, I was afraid to speak. But when I saw my classmates talking bravely, I stood up and said, “I want to join the English club and practice speaking.” The class clapped loudly. Later, two classmates told me they wanted to join me. Now, a month has passed. I don’t feel nervous when I walk in the school. Senior high isn’t only about exams and homework — it’s about making good friends and trying new things. I know this is just the start, and I’m ready for it. 1．Why did the author’s heart beat fast when entering the school? A．Because the bag was too heavy. B．Because he felt nervous about senior high. C．Because the sun was too hot. D．Because he couldn’t find the classroom. 2．Who helped the author during military training? A．Li Mei. B．The teacher. C．His parents. D．A new friend from the club. 3．What was the author’s small goal? A．To finish military training. B．To get good grades in exams. C．To make 10 new friends. D．To join the English club. 4．What does the author think of senior high now? A．It’s only about hard work. B．It’s full of new chances. C．It’s too difficult for him. D．It’s not interesting at all. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】文章主要讲述作者高中第一个月的经历，记述军训、班会等事件及其成长感悟。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“My hands were cold and my heart was beating fast — I was really nervous. (我的双手冰凉，心跳得很快——我真的很紧张。)”可知，作者入校时心跳快是因为对高中生活感到紧张。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The first hard thing was military training. We stood under the hot sun for 40 minutes. My legs hurt so much that I wanted to sit down. Then, Li Mei, a girl next to me, said quietly, “Come on, we can hold on together.” Her words made me strong. (第一件难事就是军训。我们在烈日下站了四十分钟。我的腿疼得厉害，真想坐下来。这时，我身旁的女孩李梅轻声说道：“加油，我们可以一起坚持住。”她的话给了我力量。)”可知，军训期间是李梅帮助了作者。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Our teacher asked everyone to talk about a “small goal” for this term. At first, I was afraid to speak. But when I saw my classmates talking bravely, I stood up and said, “I want to join the English club and practice speaking.” (老师让每个人说一说这学期的“小目标”。起初，我不敢发言。但当我看到同学们勇敢地发言时，我站了起来说：“我想加入英语俱乐部，练习口语。”)”可知，作者的小目标是加入英语俱乐部。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Senior high isn’t only about exams and homework — it’s about making good friends and trying new things. (高中不只有考试和作业——它还在于结交好友以及尝试新事物。)”可知，作者认为高中充满新的机遇。 B At the onset of each term, quantities of teenagers lay down self-improvement goals. Statistics indicate, nevertheless, that the majority of such goals get deserted within several weeks. Researchers maintain that the strategy teenagers adopt for goal-setting exerts a decisive influence on persistence. Quite a number of teenagers favour grand, flawless (完美的) goals. A typical instance is “gain full marks in every examination”. Though appealing on the surface, such objectives are practically unattainable. Once exposed to a single minor setback, teenagers are liable to lose confidence and give up their attempts completely. Specialists in adolescent growth advocate setting modest, attainable goals. For example, “preview upcoming content prior to nightly homework” serves as a much more feasible target. Adopting small-scale goals is by no means equivalent to lowering long-term expectations. Rather, it consists in splitting an ambitious long-term vision into executable daily assignments. Each minor achievement accumulates to build self-assurance. Additionally, teenagers are supposed to evaluate progress periodically and modify plans when barriers emerge. Difficulties are inevitable along the path toward ambitions. Goal-setting is not about being perfect. It is about keeping moving forward, even with slow progress. 1．Why do many teenagers give up their goals quickly? A．They set too big perfect goals hard to reach. B．They have no homework to finish. C．Their teachers do not support them. D．They have no interest in any goals. 2．What is experts' advice for teenagers? A．Never set any goals in your life. B．Set small and practical goals. C．Only focus on big dreams. D．Give up immediately when meeting difficulty. 3．What does the underlined word “barriers” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Progress. B．Achievements. C．Difficulties. D．Rewards. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．How teenagers should set proper goals for growth. B．Why teenagers hate school work. C．The disadvantages of small goals. D．How to get full marks in examinations. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍青少年应如何设定适度可行的目标并坚持前进。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Quite a number of teenagers favour grand, flawless (完美的) goals. A typical instance is “gain full marks in every examination”. Though appealing on the surface, such objectives are practically unattainable. Once exposed to a single minor setback, teenagers are liable to lose confidence and give up their attempts completely.(相当多的青少年偏爱宏大的、完美的目标。一个典型的例子是“在每一次考试中取得满分”。虽然表面上吸引人，这样的目标实际上是无法达到的。一旦遭遇到一个微小的挫折，青少年就容易失去信心并完全放弃他们的尝试)”可知，许多青少年很快放弃目标，是因为他们设定的目标太大、太完美而难以达到。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Specialists in adolescent growth advocate setting modest, attainable goals. For example, “preview upcoming content prior to nightly homework” serves as a much more feasible target.(青少年成长方面的专家提倡设定适度的、可达到的目标。例如，“在每晚做作业之前预习即将到来的内容”是一个更加可行的目标)”可知，专家建议青少年设定小而实际的目标。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Additionally, teenagers are supposed to evaluate progress periodically and modify plans when barriers emerge. Difficulties are inevitable along the path toward ambitions.(此外，青少年应该定期评估进步，并在出现障碍时修改计划。在通往抱负的道路上，困难是不可避免的)”可知，barriers与后句的difficulties构成同义复现，意为“困难、障碍”。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Goal-setting is not about being perfect. It is about keeping moving forward, even with slow progress.(设定目标不是关于做到完美。它是关于保持向前走，即使是缓慢的进步)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述青少年应该如何为成长设定合适的目标。 C Every country has its own history and traditions. They are part of our life and make our culture colorful. History tells us what happened in the past, and traditions are the ways we do things from old times. Chinese traditions are very rich. For example, we have the Spring Festival. During the festival, we eat dumplings, wear new clothes and visit family. We also have the Mid-Autumn Festival, and we eat mooncakes and enjoy the moon. These traditions bring us happiness and let us get together with family. Learning history helps us know more about our country. We can learn about great people and important events in the past. We can know how our country grows and becomes strong. We should love our history and keep our traditions. We can learn them from books, parents and teachers. We need to pass these good traditions to our children. They are valuable treasures of our country, and we should always remember and respect them. 1．What do history and traditions do? A．They make our culture boring. B．They are part of our life. C．They tell us nothing about the past. D．They have nothing to do with us. 2．Which festival is mentioned in the passage? A．Christmas Day. B．Thanksgiving Day. C．The Spring Festival. D．Halloween. 3．What can we learn from history? A．Nothing about our country. B．Great people and past events. C．Only how to play games. D．How to make new friends. 4．What should we do with traditions? A．Forget them. B．Pass them to children. C．Never learn them. D．Change them completely. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】文章主要介绍了各国皆有历史、传统和丰富的文化生活。中国传统节日底蕴深厚，学习历史能了解国家发展。我们应当热爱历史，传承并珍视优良传统。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Every country has its own history and traditions. They are part of our life and make our culture colorful. (每个国家都有自己的历史和传统。它们是我们生活的一部分，也让我们的文化变得丰富多彩。)”可知，历史和传统是我们生活的一部分。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“For example, we have the Spring Festival. (例如，我们有春节。)”和“We also have the Mid-Autumn Festival (我们也有中秋节)”可知，文中只提及春节和中秋节。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Learning history helps us know more about our country. We can learn about great people and important events in the past. (学习历史有助于我们更多地了解我们的国家。我们可以了解过去的伟人和重要事件。)”可知，我们能从历史中学到关于伟人和过去事件的知识。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“We need to pass these good traditions to our children. (我们需要把这些好传统传给我们的孩子。)”可知，我们应该将传统传承给下一代。 D Health is very important to everyone. Different people have their own ways to keep fit. A lot of people like running on the treadmills (跑步机). But it is not a good way to make you strong and healthy. Here are some reasons why you should run outdoors but not on the treadmills. It costs you a lot of money to buy a treadmill. You can run outdoors, and it costs you nothing! Walk outside and the whole world is your treadmill. If you don’t mind getting a little dirty, outdoor activities will help you. Treadmills can become boring. You are limited to what’s in front of you. Running and exercising outside provide beautiful scenery. Studies show that just looking at photos of nature can lower blood pressure, so imagine what running through it will do. The fresh air and the unpolluted nature will also make you run more easily. You burn more calories (卡路里) running outside than you do on a treadmill, because you have to work harder in order to move your body. When you run on a treadmill, you only move your legs. But when exercising outside, you must move your legs, your hands and so on. Why not go for a run outdoors? Come on! 1．What can we know about treadmills from Paragraph 2? A．They’re expensive. B．They’re cheap. C．They’re comfortable. D．They’re popular. 2．Running outside can provide the following things except ________. A．the unpolluted nature B．the fresh air C．beautiful scenery D．clean water 3．How many reasons does the author give for not running on the treadmills? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 4．What’s the structure (结构) of the passage? (①= Paragraph 1) A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了跑步机跑步并非健身良策，从成本高、体验枯燥、燃脂少三方面说明户外跑步的优势，呼吁人们选择到户外跑步。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“It costs you a lot of money to buy a treadmill.(买一台跑步机要花你很多钱)”可知，跑步机的价格并不便宜，是昂贵的。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Running and exercising outside provide beautiful scenery. Studies show that just looking at photos of nature can lower blood pressure, so imagine what running through it will do. The fresh air and the unpolluted nature will also make you run more easily.(户外跑步和锻炼能邂逅一路美景。研究表明，仅仅观看自然风光的照片就有助于降低血压，试想一下在自然中奔跑会带来怎样的效果。清新的空气与原生态的自然环境，也会让你的奔跑更轻松顺畅)”可知，户外跑步能接触到美丽的风景、新鲜空气和未受污染的大自然，文中并未提及干净的水。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段“It costs you a lot of money to buy a treadmill.(买一台跑步机要花不少钱) ”、第三段“Treadmills can become boring.(跑步机跑久了会让人觉得枯燥乏味)”和第四段“You burn more calories (卡路里) running outside than you do on a treadmill, because you have to work harder in order to move your body.(户外跑步比在跑步机上跑步消耗的卡路里更多，因为你需要更用力才能带动身体移动)”可知，文章第二段提出跑步机花费高，户外跑步无需成本；第三段指出跑步机跑步枯燥，户外有美景、新鲜空气；第四段说明户外跑步能燃烧更多卡路里。由此可知，作者一共给出了三个不建议在跑步机上跑步的原因。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文特别是第一段“Health is very important to everyone. Different people have their own ways to keep fit. A lot of people like running on the treadmills (跑步机). But it is not a good way to make you strong and healthy. Here are some reasons why you should run outdoors but not on the treadmills.(健康对每个人而言都至关重要，不同的人有各自的健身方法。很多人喜欢在跑步机上跑步，但这并非强身健体的理想方式。以下为你说明，为何你应该选择户外跑步，而非跑步机跑步)”可知，文章①段总起，提出户外跑步比跑步机跑步更好并引出原因；②③④段分别从成本、体验、卡路里消耗三个方面分述原因；最后一段总结呼吁大家去户外跑步。整体结构为总—分—总。故选C项。 E Chimpanzees are disappearing from Africa’s forests, and scientists have been studying this problem for many years. At Gombe National Park in Tanzania, where researcher Jane Goodall began her famous work in the 1960s, the forest has become much smaller. There were about a million chimpanzees in the early 20th century, but today there may be only 170,000 to 300,000 left. The reasons are clear. As local people need more land to grow food and sell wood for money, they have cut down many trees. Over the years, the forest has been broken into small pieces. With these pieces cut off from one another, chimpanzees can no longer move freely or meet other groups, which makes it harder for them to survive. However, scientists have not given up hope. At Gombe, Goodall started a program that gives small loans to help villagers begin new businesses and teaches farmers how to grow crops without harmful chemicals. Using a simple phone app, villagers can now report illegal tree cutting by taking photos of fallen trees. What began in 12 villages has now spread to over a hundred villages in Tanzania. These efforts are working. Today, Gombe’s chimpanzees are again connected to groups in nearby countries and are more likely to survive. “It’s not too late to save them,” says Goodall. “Every one of us can choose what kind of influence we make on this planet.” 1．What do we know about chimpanzee numbers? A．They have dropped a lot over the years. B．They have stayed the same for decades. C．They have risen slowly since the 1960s. D．They are no longer recorded by scientists. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Why the forest has become smaller. B．How scientists help local people and wildlife. C．When Goodall began her research at Gombe. D．What the phone app is used for. 3．What is Dr. Goodall’s attitude towards chimpanzee protection? A．Doubtful. B．Hopeless. C．Positive. D．Unconcerned. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．A Phone App That Saves the Forest B．A Warning from Africa’s Broken Forests C．How to Protect Wild Animals D．Jane Goodall and Her Famous Work 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】文章主要讲述非洲黑猩猩数量锐减，珍·古道尔采取多项措施保护它们并初见成效。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“There were about a million chimpanzees in the early 20th century, but today there may be only 170,000 to 300,000 left.(二十世纪初大约有一百万只黑猩猩，但如今可能只剩下17万到30万只。)”可知，这些年来黑猩猩的数量大幅下降。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“However, scientists have not given up hope. At Gombe, Goodall started a program that gives small loans to help villagers begin new businesses and teaches farmers how to grow crops without harmful chemicals. Using a simple phone app, villagers can now report illegal tree cutting by taking photos of fallen trees. What began in 12 villages has now spread to over a hundred villages in Tanzania.(不过，科学家们并没有放弃希望。在贡贝，古道尔发起了一个项目：提供小额贷款帮助村民开创其他生计，同时教农民不使用有害化学品种植庄稼。村民现在可以用一款简易手机软件，拍下被砍伐的树木，举报非法伐木行为。这项计划最初只在12个村庄推行，如今已经推广到坦桑尼亚一百多个村庄。)”可知，本段主要介绍科学家如何帮助当地居民和野生动物。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中““It’s not too late to save them,” says Goodall. “Every one of us can choose what kind of influence we make on this planet.(“拯救它们还不算太晚，”古道尔说，“我们每个人都可以选择给这个星球带来什么样的影响。”)”可知，古道尔对黑猩猩保护持积极乐观的态度。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章先讲森林破碎化、黑猩猩数量减少的危机，再介绍保护行动。“A Warning from Africa’s Broken Forests(来自非洲碎片化森林的警示)”契合全文。 一、阅读理解 A If you are interested in travelling, it is highly recommended to read these three books about exciting travels around the world. One Man, One Bike by Paul Carter There are many ways to travel around Australia. But Paul decided to tour on a motorbike that runs on cooking oil. Why? He worked in the oil industry, and was keen to explore replaceable fuels (燃料). So he bought the unusual bike from some university students who had built it themselves and set off. In his book, he almost dies in a crash and he even attempts to break the land speed record for a motorbike running on biofuel. Travels Through Unloved Britain by Tim Moore Travel writers usually go to the best destinations. But not Tim. “My primary challenge was to have a good time in places that everyone had said I wouldn’t,” said the author. In this book, Tim travels to the worst places in the UK. Follow him as he heads to “the emptiest towns and the scariest pubs”. And to make matters worse, he does it in the middle of winter. But he does discover that even Britain’s ugliest parts have inner beauty. Coasting by Jonathan Raban In 1982, Jonathan bought a boat and sailed for Britain. And this is the book about his adventure. Along the way he gets caught in a few storms, explores seaside towns and even takes his ageing parents along for part of the journey. Jonathan also uses his time at sea to think about the development of Britain in history. Like all great travel writings, Coasting is actually a story about life. 1．What made Paul Carter’s motorbike special? A．Its creator. B．Its fuel. C．Its appearance. D．Its speed record. 2．Which of the following can best describe Tim’s travel destinations? A．Unexpected. B．Crowded. C．Popular. D．Dangerous. 3．What do these three books have in common? A．They show scary scenes. B．They focus on travelling in Britain. C．They are related to history. D．They are based on personal experiences. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三本关于个人经历的书。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“There are many ways to travel around Australia. But Paul decided to tour on a motorbike that runs on cooking oil.(在澳大利亚旅行有很多种方式。但保罗决定骑一辆以食用油为燃料的摩托车)”可知，保罗·卡特的摩托车的特别之处在于燃料。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段““My primary challenge was to have a good time in places that everyone had said I wouldn’t,” said the author. In this book, Tim travels to the worst places in the UK. Follow him as he heads to “the emptiest towns and the scariest pubs”. And to make matters worse, he does it in the middle of winter. But he does discover that even Britain’s ugliest parts have inner beauty.(“我的主要挑战是在每个人都说我不会去的地方玩得开心，”作者说。在这本书中，蒂姆游历了英国最糟糕的地方。跟随他前往“最空旷的城镇和最可怕的酒吧”。更糟糕的是，他还在大冬天这么做。但他确实发现，即使是英国最丑陋的地方也有内在的美)”可知，蒂姆的旅游目的地是意想不到的。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段“In his book, he almost dies in a crash and he even attempts to break the land speed record for a motorbike running on biofuel.(在他的书中，他差点死于一场车祸，他甚至试图打破一辆使用生物燃料的摩托车的陆地速度记录)”；第三段““My primary challenge was to have a good time in places that everyone had said I wouldn’t,” said the author. In this book, Tim travels to the worst places in the UK. Follow him as he heads to “the emptiest towns and the scariest pubs”. And to make matters worse, he does it in the middle of winter. But he does discover that even Britain’s ugliest parts have inner beauty.(“我的主要挑战是在每个人都说我不会去的地方玩得开心，”作者说。在这本书中，蒂姆游历了英国最糟糕的地方。跟随他前往“最空旷的城镇和最可怕的酒吧”。更糟糕的是，他还在大冬天这么做。但他确实发现，即使是英国最丑陋的地方也有内在的美)”以及最后一段“And this is the book about his adventure.(这本书是关于他的冒险的)”可知，这三本书的共同之处在于都是基于个人经历。故选D。 B I visited Aruba last week. On the first day, I mainly enjoyed comfortable sunshine on the beaches there. But I needed more than sunshine and sand to fill my week. I rented a car the next day. One of my first stops that day was the Alto Vista Chapel. Just as I entered it, a colourful “party bus” filled with singing tourists pulled into the parking lot, ending the silence. So I left soon. From the church I made my way to the California Lighthouse, named for the steamship California that sank nearby in 1891. After spending some time there, I went to an Italian restaurant that sits on the top of the hill and offers scenic views. I love golfing, so I wasn’t going on vacation without spending a day on the courses. The Country Club is for golfing on the islands located at its northwest point. Opened in 1995, it is a beautiful place with views of the sea and the California Lighthouse. I spent a full day there. To completely escape from the other tourists, I booked a four-hour jeep tour for the fourth day. I went to the Arikok National Park, which covers nearly 20 percent of the islands. I stood on a cliff and looked down on a natural pool that was formed inside volcanic rock (火山岩). It was amazing. My final night was spent at a restaurant. Friends who had been to Aruba told me I had to go there. I dined (用餐) there while listening to a local musician performing. It was so good and the crowd demanded more. 4．What did the writer mainly do on the first day in Aruba? A．Rented a car to travel around. B．Enjoyed the sunshine on the beach. C．Visited the Alto Vista Chapel. D．Tried local food in a restaurant. 5．Why did the writer leave the Alto Vista Chapel soon? A．The chapel was too crowded to visit. B．He needed to go to the next stop quickly. C．A “party bus” broke the quiet atmosphere. D．He didn’t like the design of the chapel. 6．What can we know about the Country Club? A．It is a new golf course built in recent years. B．It is located in the center of the island. C．Visitors can enjoy views of the sea there. D．It is the only golf course on the island. 7．What made the writer’s final night special? A．Dining while listening to local music. B．Having a meal with old friends. C．Trying a famous local dish. D．Visiting a popular restaurant alone. 【答案】4．B 5．C 6．C 7．A 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者上周在阿鲁巴岛的旅行经历，包括参观景点、打高尔夫球、参加吉普车之旅和享受当地音乐晚餐等。 【详解】4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“On the first day, I mainly enjoyed comfortable sunshine on the beaches there.(第一天，我主要在那里的海滩上享受舒适的阳光)”可知，作者在阿鲁巴的第一天主要在海滩上享受阳光。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Just as I entered it, a colourful “party bus” filled with singing tourists pulled into the parking lot, ending the silence. So I left soon.(我刚一进去，一辆载满唱歌游客的彩色“派对巴士”就开进了停车场，打破了寂静。所以我很快就离开了。)”可知，作者很快就离开了Alto Vista教堂是因为一辆“派对巴士”打破了安静的气氛。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The Country Club is for golfing on the islands located at its northwest point. Opened in 1995, it is a beautiful place with views of the sea and the California Lighthouse.(乡村俱乐部位于该岛西北角，是岛上打高尔夫球的地方。它于1995年开业，是一个美丽的地方，可以看到大海和加州灯塔。)”可知，游客可以在乡村俱乐部欣赏海景。 7．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“My final night was spent at a restaurant. Friends who had been to Aruba told me I had to go there. I dined (用餐) there while listening to a local musician performing.(我最后一晚是在一家餐馆度过的。去过阿鲁巴的朋友告诉我要去那里。我在那里用餐，同时听一位当地音乐家表演。)”可知，作者最后一晚的特别之处是边用餐边听当地音乐。 C Coloring has long been a favorite activity for children. With ready-made patterns (图案), kids only need colored tools to fill in pictures. Yet fun in coloring is no longer limited (局限) to children. Nowadays, an increasing number of adults turn to coloring for relaxation, driven by the fashion for adult coloring books around the world. In one December, five adult coloring books were among America’s top ten bestsellers. Trina Lucido, an artist who creates such books, gets her ideas from common sights around her. A leaf, a single word or objects on the ground can shape her designs. Her latest work Color, Write and Create includes 40 pages of handmade flowers, birds and geometric shapes. Besides patterns, it offers empty spaces for writing, a method widely used in various treatments for diseases. The aim of the book is to inspire creativity. Lucido feels sad when people believe they lack (缺乏) creative ability, for she holds the view that everyone can be creative. She receives positive responses from readers, many of whom buy her books for relatives and friends suffering from illness or difficulties, as coloring is regarded as a relaxing activity. Some experts explain coloring lowers stress by keeping people focused on simple tasks. While filling patterns with colors, people forget their worries for a while. What’s more, coloring opens up imagination and brings back childhood memories. Scientists point out that coloring wakes up the brain in a healthy way. Shapes excite one side of the brain, while colors and surface features excite the other. Coloring also helps develop people’s hand skills, though few people who enjoy coloring pay attention to this physical advantage. Susan Jackson, a reader of Lucido’s works, thinks highly of the beauty and special features of the drawings. She says coloring really relieves her stress and cheers her up. Unlike facing a piece of empty paper, pre-made patterns feel less challenging. Nowadays, adult coloring books sell well, bringing Lucido a busy but happy life. 8．Where does Lucido draw her creative inspiration from? A．Books by other artists. B．Various medical treatments. C．Daily things in her life. D．Readers’ real-life experiences. 9．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The benefits coloring brings to people. B．Experts’ different opinions on coloring. C．The skills needed for coloring well. D．The reason why coloring receives popularity. 10．What is Susan Jackson’s attitude to Lucido’s works? A．Doubtful. B．Uncaring. C．Supportive. D．Unclear. 11．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Books Are Becoming Popular Among Adults B．Useful Ways to Reduce Adults’ Daily Stress C．Talented Artists Design Attractive Colorful Books D．Coloring Brings Relaxation and Creativity to Adults 【答案】8．C 9．A 10．C 11．D 【导语】本文介绍成人涂色书风靡，创作者Lucido从日常取材，涂色兼具减压、激发创意等诸多益处，广受成年人喜爱。 【详解】8．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Trina Lucido, an artist who creates such books, gets her ideas from common sights around her. A leaf, a single word or objects on the ground can shape her designs.(创作这类书籍的艺术家Trina Lucido从她周围常见的景象中获取灵感。一片叶子、一个词或地上的物体都能塑造她的设计)”可知，她的创作灵感来源于生活中的日常事物。 9．主旨大意题。阅读文章第四段可知，该段列举了涂色的多种积极作用，包括“lowers stress”（降低压力）、“opens up imagination”（开启想象力）、“wakes up the brain in a healthy way”（以健康的方式唤醒大脑）以及“helps develop people’s hand skills”（有助于发展人们的手部技能）。这些内容都在详细说明涂色给人们带来的益处。 10．推理判断题。根据文章第五段第一句“Susan Jackson, a reader of Lucido’s works, thinks highly of the beauty and special features of the drawings.(Lucido作品的读者Susan Jackson高度评价这些画作的美感和特点)”可知，Lucido的作品是非常认可和支持的。 11．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段引出成年人通过涂色来放松的现象；第二、三段介绍了艺术家Lucido创作的成人涂色书旨在激发人们的创造力（inspire creativity）；第四、五段进一步阐述了涂色能帮助成年人减轻压力、放松身心并带来诸多好处。因此，“涂色给成年人带来放松和创造力”最能全面概括文章的核心内容，适合作为最佳标题。 D A holiday offers us a chance to take a break, step out of our daily life and refresh ourselves. Who doesn’t want to enjoy some days of peace and relax their mind and body? 12 . There is a whole lot of planning that will go into your break away. So, here are 4 ways you can make the most out of your holidays. Choose the perfect location. The first thing you need to do is to choose a place that you have had in mind for a long time. A suitable destination can greatly improve your holiday experience. Think about what kind of scenery and activities you prefer. 13 . Choose a good hotel. Many of us choose to make the most of our time away and stay up later than usual, enjoying the holiday feeling. 14 . Then you will feel energetic enough to visit those popular tourist spots that you have been looking forward to. Plan your travel itinerary (旅行路线). If you are going somewhere you have never been before, you should spend some time looking into local sites before setting off. 15 . It gives you the freedom to do everything you wanted to do. Disconnect from the world. 16 . If you are still worrying about your job, your emails, or how things are back home, you will never be fully able to experience true peace. You should spend as little time as you can checking your laptop or mobile so that you can really enjoy your holiday. A．Planning ahead of time is always a good thing B．However, a wonderful holiday doesn’t come naturally C．It can be either a place nearby or somewhere far away D．It is not a good idea to spend your nights at your friend’s home E．A holiday is meaningless unless you give all your attention to it F．You may get more chances to enjoy amazing views during your holiday G．So, a comfortable bed and a good night’s sleep are important for the next day 【答案】12．B 13．C 14．G 15．A 16．E 【导语】 本文主要讲的是充分享受假期的四种方法。 【详解】12．前文“Who doesn’t want to enjoy some days of peace and relax their mind and body?(谁不想享受几日宁静，放松身心呢？)”说人人都想享受假期的放松，后文“There is a whole lot of planning that will go into your break away.(你的这次休假需要做大量的规划。)”转而提到假期需要大量规划，前后形成语义转折，B选项“However, a wonderful holiday doesn’t come naturally(然而，一次美好的假期并不会自然而然地到来)”用however衔接完全符合逻辑，完美引出下文的4条假期攻略。 13．本段核心是“Choose the perfect location.(选一处理想目的地)”，前一句“Think about what kind of scenery and activities you prefer.(想一想自己偏爱什么样的风景、喜欢哪些活动。)”提到“思考你偏好的风景和活动类型”，C选项“It can be either a place nearby or somewhere far away(它可能是在附近的地方，也可能在远方)”自然补充说明目的地的选择范围，就近或远方都可以，和“选地点”的主题完全呼应。 14．前文“Many of us choose to make the most of our time away and stay up later than usual, enjoying the holiday feeling.(很多人度假时会尽情享受氛围，比平时睡得晚一些。)”提到假期里大家常会熬夜享受氛围，后文“Then you will feel energetic enough to visit those popular tourist spots that you have been looking forward to.(这样你就会精力充沛，轻松前往那些期待已久的热门景点。)”说第二天才有充足精力逛景点，G选项“So, a comfortable bed and a good night’s sleep are important for the next day(因此，一张舒适的床和一夜好眠对第二天至关重要)”用so引出因果逻辑，说明选好酒店的核心意义——保证舒适睡眠，承接前后语义。 15．本段主题是“Plan your travel itinerary (旅行路线).(提前规划旅行路线)”，前一句“If you are going somewhere you have never been before, you should spend some time looking into local sites before setting off.(如果你要去从没去过的地方，出发前要花时间了解当地景点。)”说出发前要提前了解当地景点，A选项“Planning ahead of time is always a good thing(提前规划总是好事)”点明提前规划的好处，后一句“It gives you the freedom to do everything you wanted to do.(它能让你从容完成所有想做的事。)”补充说明规划能让你自由完成所有想做的事，逻辑链条完整通顺。 16．由小标题“Disconnect from the world.(和外界断联)”可知，本段核心是假期里要断开和工作的连接，E选项“A holiday is meaningless unless you give all your attention to it(除非你全心投入，否则假期将毫无意义)”点明全身心投入假期的重要性，后文“If you are still worrying about your job, your emails, or how things are back home, you will never be fully able to experience true peace.(倘若你还在操心工作、邮件或是家里的琐事，就永远无法体会真正的宁静。)”进一步解释如果一直牵挂工作就无法获得真正的放松，前后语义高度统一。 二、完形填空 As a child, I was very shy. I wanted to be successful, but lacked 17 . When I discovered climbing, I found something I was good at. I began to be 18 by my friends and this gave me the desire to climb steeper and 19 mountains. I found that nothing was impossible if I could find the 20 to try to achieve my goals. Both personal 21 and teamwork are important when you climb. You need to rely on the 22 of your team and share in the achievement. But personal determination to keep going despite any difficulty is very helpful to team success. My greatest achievement in climbing was being the first ever to 23 the top of the 5000-foot Troll Wall in Norway, which has the highest and most vertical (垂直的) rock face in Europe. A stone which drops from the top of the mountain will 24 nothing until it lands on the valley floor one mile below. So it was very 25 . Before our climb, the experts in Europe had said it was 26 to climb the Troll Wall. But with three companions, I decided to 27 . It took ten days to make the climb and we 28 on ledges (岩石架) no more than a foot wide when we were tired. 29 , we succeeded. Afterwards, I said to myself, “If I can do that, I can do anything.” Some years later, I climbed up Mount Everest — the highest mountain in the world. Adventure to me is not just 30 a rope along the side of a mountain, but is one field where adventurous people can often 31 themselves. If we look at every day as an adventure, we can test ourselves and continue to grow throughout our life. That’s the final adventure. 17．A．money B．confidence C．purposes D．chances 18．A．denied B．attacked C．recognized D．tricked 19．A．higher B．farther C．smaller D．safer 20．A．place B．secret C．courage D．time 21．A．work B．belief C．affairs D．determination 22．A．comfort B．support C．interest D．doubt 23．A．climb B．achieve C．reach D．cover 24．A．touch B．stop C．move D．hurt 25．A．special B．exciting C．nervous D．adventurous 26．A．easy B．impossible C．exciting D．useful 27．A．try B．learn C．return D．escape 28．A．ate B．lived C．rested D．stood 29．A．Undoubtedly B．Easily C．Generally D．Thankfully 30．A．bending over B．falling off C．hanging onto D．searching for 31．A．hold B．forgive C．punish D．challenge 【答案】 17．B 18．C 19．A 20．C 21．D 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．D 26．B 27．A 28．C 29．D 30．C 31．D 【导语】文章主要讲述作者通过攀岩突破自我、登顶高峰领悟冒险真谛的成长故事。 【详解】17．考查名词。句意：我想要成功，但是缺乏自信。A. money金钱；B. confidence自信；C. purposes目的；D. chances机会。根据上文“I was very shy”可知，作者性格害羞，当时缺少自信。 18．考查动词。句意：我开始得到朋友们的认可，这让我有了去攀登更陡峭、更高山峰的渴望。A. denied否认；B. attacked攻击；C. recognized认可；D. tricked欺骗。根据上文“I found something I was good at”可知，作者发现自己擅长攀岩，他的能力得到了身边朋友的认可。 19．考查形容词比较级。句意：我开始得到朋友们的认可，这让我有了去攀登更陡峭、更高山峰的渴望。A. higher更高的；B. farther更远的；C. smaller更小的；D. safer更安全的。根据空前“steeper and”可知，and连接并列比较级，steeper“更陡峭”对应更高的山，此处指攀登比之前更高的山峰。 20．考查名词。句意：我发现只要我能鼓起勇气去追求目标，就没有什么事是不可能的。A. place地点；B. secret秘密；C. courage勇气；D. time时间。根据空后“to try to achieve my goals”可知，实现目标需要勇气。 21．考查名词。句意：攀岩时，个人的决心和团队协作都很重要。A. work工作；B. belief信念；C. affairs事务；D. determination决心。根据下文“But personal determination to keep going despite any difficulty is very helpful to team success”可知，此处原词复现，指个人决心。 22．考查名词。句意：你需要依靠团队的支持，共享最终的成就。A. comfort安慰；B. support支持；C. interest兴趣；D. doubt怀疑。根据上文“teamwork are important”可知，攀岩过程中离不开队友的互相支持。 23．考查动词。句意：我攀岩生涯中最伟大的成就，是作为有史以来第一个登上挪威5000英尺高的巨魔墙顶端的人。A. climb攀爬；B. achieve实现；C. reach抵达；D. cover覆盖。根据空后“the top of the Troll Wall”可知，此处指到达山顶。 24．考查动词。句意：一块从山顶掉落的石头，在落到一英里下的谷底之前不会碰到任何东西。A. touch触碰；B. stop停下；C. move移动；D. hurt伤害。根据上文“which has the highest and most vertical (垂直的) rock face in Europe”可知，巨魔墙是欧洲最高最垂直的岩壁，下落过程碰不到别的物体。 25．考查形容词。句意：所以这是非常冒险的。A. special特别的；B. exciting令人兴奋的；C. nervous紧张的；D. adventurous冒险的。根据上文“which has the highest and most vertical (垂直的) rock face in Europe. A stone which drops from the top of the mountain will ________ nothing until it lands on the valley floor one mile below.”可知，岩壁陡峭危险，攀登过程充满冒险性。 26．考查形容词。句意：在我们攀登之前，欧洲的专家们都认为攀登巨魔墙是不可能完成的事。A. easy简单的；B. impossible不可能的；C. exciting令人兴奋的；D. useful有用的。根据上文“My greatest achievement in climbing was being the first”及下文“But with three companions, I decided to ________.”可知，专家认为攀登是不可能的，但作者成为首个登顶者。 27．考查动词。句意：但我和三位同伴还是决定尝试一下。A. try尝试；B. learn学习；C. return返回；D. escape逃离。根据下文“we succeeded”可知，专家认为不可能，还是决定尝试。 28．考查动词。句意：这次攀登花了十天时间，累了的时候我们就趴在宽度不足一英尺的岩石架上休息。A. ate吃饭；B. lived生活；C. rested休息；D. stood站立。根据下文“when we were tired”可知，疲惫时他们在狭窄的岩石架上休息。 29．考查副词。句意：值得庆幸的是，我们成功了。A. Undoubtedly毫无疑问地；B. Easily轻松地；C. Generally通常地；D. Thankfully庆幸地。根据空后“we succeeded”可知，艰难攀登之后成功，表达庆幸。 30．考查动词短语。句意：于我而言，冒险不只是沿着山壁紧紧抓住绳索，而是冒险者可以挑战自我的领域。A. bending over俯身；B. falling off跌落；C. hanging onto紧紧抓住；D. searching for搜寻。根据空后“a rope along the side of a mountain”可知，登山需要紧抓绳索。 31．考查动词。句意：于我而言，冒险不只是沿着山壁紧紧抓住绳索，而是冒险者可以挑战自我的领域。A. hold握住；B. forgive原谅；C. punish惩罚；D. challenge挑战。根据下文“we can test ourselves and continue to grow throughout our life”可知，冒险的核心意义是不断挑战自我。 三、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Harry is a 21-year-old student from Canada. He studies at the Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine now, 32 he learns more about Chinese medicine. He likes drinking tea and 33 (practise) Chinese qigong every day. “Knowledge about Chinese medicine is 34 (use), but it is also very difficult to learn well. I must work harder,” Harry said. “I was weak when I was a little boy. 35 (be) strong, I learnt qigong at the age of twelve.” Harry decided to come to China after he finished his college in his own country. 36 September 5th of 2010, he began to learn Chinese in Beijing. Then he went to Heilongjiang for 37 (educate) on medicine and began his three-year college life in China. “I would like to help my country after finishing my study. I’ll try my 38 (good) to do something to let people know more about Chinese medicine 39 keep Canadians healthy.” More and more foreign students like Harry 40 (study) at the Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine since 1986. From then on, the university has built communication and cooperation (合作) with educational and research institutes (学院) on Chinese medicine in more than 30 41 (country). 【答案】 32．where 33．practising 34．useful 35．To be 36．On 37．education 38．best 39．and 40．have studied 41．countries 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了来自加拿大的21岁学生Harry来到黑龙江中医药大学学习中医的缘由、求学经历以及他想要推广中医、帮助本国人民的愿望。 【详解】32．考查定语从句。句意：他现在在黑龙江中医药大学学习，在那里他更多地了解中医。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是地点the Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine，定语从句中缺少地点状语，用关系副词where引导定语从句。 33．考查非谓语动词。句意：他喜欢喝茶，每天练习中国气功。and连接并列宾语，前面是drinking，like后接动名词作宾语，practise也要变为动名词形式practising。 34．考查形容词。句意：中医方面的知识很有用，但想要学好它也很难。系动词is后面要用形容词作表语，use是名词，形容词形式是useful“有用的”。 35．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了变得强壮，我在十二岁的时候开始学习气功。此处表示目的，要用不定式to be放在句首作目的状语，句首单词首字母大写。 36．考查介词。句意：在2010年9月5日，他在北京开始学习汉语。表示在具体某一天，介词要用on，句首单词首字母大写。 37．考查名词。句意：之后他前往黑龙江接受医学方面的教育，开启了在中国为期三年的大学生活。介词for后面接名词作宾语，educate是动词，名词形式是education“教育”。 38．考查固定搭配。句意：我会尽最大努力做一些事情，让人们更多地了解中医，让加拿大人保持健康。固定搭配try one’s best表示“尽某人最大努力”。 39．考查连词。句意同上。let people know more about Chinese medicine和keep Canadians healthy是并列的目的内容，用并列连词and连接。 40．考查时态。句意：自1986年以来，越来越多像Harry一样的外国学生在黑龙江中医药大学学习。时间状语since 1986是现在完成时的标志，主语More and more foreign students是复数，助动词用have，study变为过去分词studied。 41．考查名词复数。句意：从那时起，这所大学已经和30多个国家的中医教育与研究机构建立了交流与合作关系。数词30后面要接可数名词复数，country的复数形式是countries。 四、书信写作 42．假定你是学生会主席李华，你校高一年级将举办篮球比赛，请你写一则通知，发表在校英文报上，内容包括： （1）组队及训练（自行练习与体育老师指导结合）； （2）比赛安排（班级循环赛，前两名决赛）； （3）报名时间。 注意： （1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Notice ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Student Union 【答案】 Notice To make our school life more colorful and keep us healthy, our school will hold a basketball game for students in Grade 1 next month. First, you can form your class team and practice by yourselves, and our PE teachers will offer you professional guidance. Then each class will play against other classes, and the top two teams will compete in the final. Please hand in your team list before November 10th. The matches will take place on the school playground. This is a great chance to show your sports skills and teamwork. Come and show your talent on the court! The Student Union 【导语】学校高一年级将举办篮球比赛，要求考生写一则通知发表在校英文报上。通知需包括组队及训练、比赛安排以及报名时间。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 举办：hold → stage 丰富多彩的：colorful → diverse 练习：practice → drill 展示：show → demonstrate 2. 句式拓展 简单句变为复合句 原句：To make our school life more colorful and keep us healthy, our school will hold a basketball game for students in Grade 1 next month. 拓展句：Our school will hold a basketball game for Grade 1 students next month, which will make our school life more colorful and keep us healthy. 【点睛】【高分句型1】To make our school life more colorful and keep us healthy, our school will hold a basketball game for students in Grade 1 next month.（运用了不定式作目的状语） 【高分句型2】This is a great chance to show your sports skills and teamwork.（运用了不定式作后置定语） 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $