学考专题09 介词：知识盘点+核心精讲+进阶训练（讲义，全国通用）2027年高中英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题09 介词 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 研|核心专题精讲 考点一 介词基础用法（时间；地点；方式；原因；目的；让步） 考点二 介词固定搭配 考点三 易混介词辨析 练|巩固提升训练 本模块依据《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2025年修订）》对本专题在学考中的要求进行梳理，并结合近年全国各地学业水平考试命题实践作出趋势判断。 1.1 课标依据与学考层级要求 介词在课标附录 3“一、词类 → 7. 介词”中作为一个整项列出，不带星号——与连词、冠词并列，属于“义务教育阶段学习过、高中必修课程应该熟练掌握”的内容。这意味着介词的全部基本用法都是学考的合法考点；而介词短语在句中充当什么成分（状语、定语、表语），课标归入“句子成分”条目并标注两个星号，属选择性必修范畴，学考只要求能辨认，不要求作结构分析。 板块 知识点 课标层级 学考具体要求 认知层次 常见题型 介词 时间介词 必修 掌握 at / on / in 的点、天、段之分；掌握 for 与 since、by 与 until 的区别 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 地点与方位介词 必修 掌握 at / in / on 的点、体、面之分；掌握 above / over、across / through、between / among 的区别 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 方式介词 必修 掌握 by / with / in 的分工（交通工具、具体工具、语言材料） 熟练掌握 单项选择、写作 原因与让步介词 必修 掌握 because of / due to / thanks to；掌握 despite / in spite of（后接名词或动名词） 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 易混介词对 必修 掌握 except / besides / except for、as / like、made of / from、about / on 的区别 熟练掌握 单项选择 介词固定搭配 必修 掌握高频“形容词／动词 + 介词”搭配；同一个词换介词即换义 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空、写作 边界 说明 介词后接宾语的形式 必修 名词、代词（宾格）、动名词、wh- 从句；介词后接动词一律用 -ing 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 并列结构中的介词 教材常规 课标未单列，但涉及“并列结构”与“省略”（省略带 *，属必修）：介词相同可共用，不同必须各留；及物动词后不加介词 正确理解和使用 写作 介词短语的句法功能 选择性必修（两个星号） “句子成分：按结构分类（含介词短语）”标注两个星号；学考只要求辨认状语、定语、表语三种功能 辨认与理解 阅读理解、语法填空 介词短语作独立成分（with 复合结构等） 选择性必修（两个星号） 非谓语与 with 复合结构归入“动词的非谓语形式”条目，学考不要求主动使用 不作要求 — ★ 层级解读（务必先看这一条） ● 介词作为一个整项不带星号，属“必修且应熟练掌握”层级——这意味着表 2 至表 6 的内容全部在学考范围内，没有可以跳过的部分。 ● 两大主战场：一是易混介词对的辨析（except / besides、as / like、by / with / in、for / since），几乎每年单选必现；二是固定搭配（形容词／动词 + 介词），语法填空与写作都用得上。 ● “介词 + 动名词”是最高频的语法陷阱。look forward to doing、be used to doing、devote oneself to doing——这里的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，单选题专挑这一点设坑。 ★ 易错提醒｜介词是“小词大麻烦” 介词字数最少，却是学考中最难系统复习的一块。原因有三： 原因一：搭配无规则可推。be good at 为什么用 at 不用 in？没有道理可讲。200 余条搭配只能整块背，不能靠理解——这是介词与冠词、代词最根本的区别。 原因二：汉语“一对多”干扰。汉语一个“在”对应 at / on / in 三个词；一个“用”对应 by / with / in；一个“除了”对应 except / besides。中国学生习惯按汉语直译，于是 in Monday、with bus、besides Tom（想说汤姆没去）三类错误反复出现。 原因三：及物与不及物动词混用。discuss about it、marry with her（多了介词）；listen music、wait the bus（少了介词）——短文改错几乎每次都有这一处。 本讲义的处理方式：按“功能与宾语形式 → 时间 → 地点方位 → 方式原因目的让步 → 易混介词对 → 固定搭配 → 并列结构中的介词”推进，每一节都配成对对照与错误写法，目标是把这三类失分压到零。 1.2 学考与高考的考查差异 以浙江省为例，普通高中学业水平考试的外语科目使用教育部考试中心命题的高考英语全国卷，学考成绩与高考首考打通；其他省份虽组织形式不同，但语法项目的考查口径与全国卷高度一致，故以下分析对全国通用。 比较维度 高考英语全国卷 学考（以浙江等省为例） 对复习的启示 语法填空（无提示词） 介词是必考空：空格后是名词、代词或动名词，且该词不作主语或动词宾语时，该空极可能填介词 题型、赋分与全国卷一致 看空后词性：名词／代词／doing 且不作主宾 → 填介词 语法填空（有提示词） 提示词是动词、空后无宾语时，可能要求补介词（listen to、wait for） 先判断动词是否及物，再决定要不要补介词 单项选择 易混介词对是最稳定的考点：except / besides、as / like、by / with / in、for / since 成对记，不要单个记——一次记两个，才不会混 最稳定考法 介词 + 动名词：look forward to seeing、be used to getting up early、devote oneself to teaching 见到 to 先判断：是不定式符号，还是介词 第二稳定考法 固定搭配：be good at、be interested in、be proud of、depend on 背整块搭配，不背单个介词 写作 多余介词（discuss about）与缺失介词（listen music）是高频错误点 写作后专门查一遍：及物动词后有没有多介词、不及物动词后有没有少介词 干扰项设计 多为“汉语直译”“介词与连词混用（because of / because）”“时间介词精度错位”三类 错因高度集中，专项突破性价比极高 1.3 2027命题趋势观察与备考策略 1.3.1 近年各地学考与全国卷介词题的命题走向 ● 语法填空的“无提示词”空是介词的主战场。判断依据非常固定：空格后面是名词、代词或动名词，且这个词在句中不作主语、也不是动词的宾语——此时该空极可能填介词。典型如 arrive at the station、be good at swimming。 ● “介词 + 动名词”反复设坑。经典题例：I'm looking forward to seeing you again.（不是 see）／He is used to getting up early.（不是 get）／She devotes herself to helping the poor.——三句的共同点：to 后面都是介词。 ● 易混介词对年年出现。经典题例：All the students went except Tom.（汤姆没去）／Besides Tom, others also went.（汤姆也去了）／He works as a teacher.（作为教师）／He runs like a rabbit.（像兔子）。两组对照几乎就是单选题库。 ● 时间介词的“精度错位”是最常见的干扰项。典型错项：in Monday（应为 on）、on 2026（应为 in）、at May（应为 in）。判断口诀：点用 at、天用 on、段用 in。 ● for 与 since、by 与 until 常与完成时捆绑。She has lived here for ten years.（时间段）／She has lived here since 2015.（时间点）／Finish it by five.（截止）／Wait until five.（持续到）。时态是判断的辅助线索。 ● 短文改错与书面表达更看重“介词的有无”。及物动词后多介词（discuss about、marry with、enter into the room）与不及物动词后少介词（listen music、wait the bus）是两类固定错误，写作后必须专查一遍。 1.3.2 三条落地策略 策略 具体做法 对应解决的问题 先定语义场，再选介词 拿到介词空先判断属于哪个语义场：时间 → at / on / in / for / since / by / until；地点 → at / in / on / above / across；方式 → by / with / in；原因 → because of / for。语义场定了，候选词就从十几个缩到三四个 汉语直译、介词乱选 成对记易混介词 把 except / besides、as / like、by / with / in、for / since、by / until、of / from 六对做成对照卡，一次记两个，并各配一个最短例句 成对介词混淆 背整块搭配，查介词有无 只背“动词／形容词 + 介词”整块（be interested in，不背 in）；写作后专查及物动词后是否多介词、不及物动词后是否少介词 固定搭配记错、介词多余或缺失 2.1 介词的功能与句法作用 项目 说明 例句 基本性质 介词是虚词，不能单独充当句子成分，必须与后面的宾语构成介词短语 He went to.（错误）→ He went to school. 宾语形式一：名词 / 代词 后接名词或代词；人称代词必须用宾格 between you and me（不用 I）／This is for him. 宾语形式二：动名词 后接动词时必须用 -ing 形式，不能用不定式 be good at swimming／look forward to seeing you／look forward to see you（错误） 宾语形式三：wh- 从句 可接 what / whether / how 等引导的从句 It depends on what he says.／I am not sure about whether he will come. 句法功能一：状语 表时间、地点、方式、原因、目的、伴随等，是最主要的功能 He arrived at eight.／She went there by bus. 句法功能二：定语 置于名词之后作后置定语 The book on the desk is mine.／a girl in red 句法功能三：表语 置于系动词之后作表语 He is in trouble.／The meeting is of great importance. ★ 三条使用铁律（介词所有设坑点的源头） 铁律一：介词后面必须跟宾语，且代词用宾格——between you and me。 铁律二：介词后面跟动词，一律用 -ing——be used to doing、devote oneself to doing；这里的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号。 铁律三：时间介词的选用看“大小与精度”——at 用于点（时刻），on 用于天（日期、星期），in 用于段（月、季、年、世纪）。 结构 含义 例句 look forward to doing 期待做某事 I'm looking forward to seeing you again. be used to doing 习惯于做某事 He is used to getting up early. devote oneself to doing 献身于、致力于 She devoted herself to helping the poor. pay attention to doing 注意做某事 Pay attention to spelling the words correctly. get down to doing 着手做某事 Let's get down to discussing the plan. stick to doing 坚持做某事 He sticks to running every morning. object to doing 反对做某事 They objected to building a factory here. be addicted to doing 沉迷于 He is addicted to playing computer games. in addition to doing 除……之外（还） In addition to teaching, she writes novels. prevent / stop / keep sb from doing 阻止某人做某事 The rain prevented us from going out. have difficulty (in) doing 做某事有困难 I have difficulty (in) understanding him. spend time (in) doing 花时间做某事 She spends an hour (in) reading every day. be busy (in) doing 忙于做某事 He is busy (in) preparing for the exam. be worth doing 值得做（主动形式表被动） The book is worth reading. instead of doing 代替、而不是 He watched TV instead of doing his homework. succeed in doing 成功做某事 They succeeded in solving the problem. insist on doing 坚持做某事 She insisted on paying the bill. ★ 易错提醒｜这里的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号 判断方法：把 to 后面的词换成名词，如果句子仍然成立，这个 to 就是介词，后面必须接 -ing。 是介词的 to：look forward to、be used to、devote ... to、pay attention to、get down to、stick to、object to、be addicted to、in addition to、to 后接 doing。 是不定式符号的 to：want to、decide to、hope to、plan to、be able to、to 后接动词原形。 最典型的一组对照：be used to doing（习惯于）／used to do（过去常常）／be used to do（被用来做）——三个结构，三种意思，学考单选最爱在这里设三选一。 记忆口诀：介词 to 后面跟“东西”（名词或动名词）；不定式 to 后面跟“动作原形”。 2.2 时间介词：点、天、段与起点、终点 介词 用法 典型搭配 例句 at 时间点：时刻、正午、午夜、某瞬间 at 8 o'clock、at noon、at midnight、at that moment The film begins at seven. on 具体某一天：日期、星期、节日当天、带修饰的早晨 on Monday、on May 1st、on Christmas Day、on a cold morning He was born on May 5th, 2010. in 时间段：月、季、年、世纪；也用于“在……之后”（将来） in May、in summer、in 2026、in the 21st century、in two hours We will meet in two days. for 持续一段时间（＋时间段），常与完成时连用 for three years、for a long time She has lived here for ten years. since 起点（＋时间点），常与完成时连用 since 2015、since last week、since he left She has lived here since 2015. during 在……期间（＋名词，强调“期间内”） during the holiday、during the war He visited many places during the holiday. by 到……为止（动作完成的最后期限），常与完成时连用 by the end of last year、by 9 o'clock The train will have left by 9 o'clock. until / till 直到……为止（动作持续到某时；not ... until 表“直到……才”） until midnight、not ... until Monday He waited until midnight.／He didn't come until midnight. before / after 在……之前 / 之后 before supper、after class Wash your hands before dinner. within / in within 强调“不超过”；in 表“在……之内或之后” within a week、in a week You must finish it within a week.（一周内完成） ★ 三组必须分清的时间介词 for 与 since：for ＋ 时间段（ten years）；since ＋ 时间点（2015）。 by 与 until：by 强调到某时动作已完成；until 强调动作一直持续到某时。对比：Finish it by five.（五点前完成）／Wait until five.（等到五点）。 in 与 after：in ＋ 时间段用于将来（in two days）；after ＋ 时间段多用于过去（after two days）。 对照组 区别 例句 during / through during 强调“在……期间内”（某事发生于期间）；through 强调“从头贯穿到尾” He swims every day during the summer.／He worked through the night.（通宵） before / by before 只表“在……之前”；by 表“不迟于”，强调截止期限 Come back before five.（五点前回来）／Finish it by five.（五点前完成，不迟于五点） till / until 同义；till 多用于口语，until 可用于句首（句首不用 till） Wait until seven.／Until he came, we waited.（句首用 until） in / after in ＋ 时间段用于将来；after ＋ 时间段多用于过去；after ＋ 时间点可用于将来 He will come in two days.／He came after two days.／We'll go out after supper. on / in（早晨类） 具体某天的早晨用 on；泛指早晨用 in；带修饰语的早晨用 on in the morning／on the morning of May 1st／on a cold morning ★ 易错提醒｜时间介词只看“精度”，不看汉语 点用 at、天用 on、段用 in——这是唯一需要牢记的口诀。at eight / on Monday / on May 1st / in May / in 2026。 三个最常见的错误：in Monday（应 on）／on 2026（应 in）／in May 1st（应 on）。根源都是按汉语“在”直译。 for 与 since 必须看时态：for ＋ 时间段（ten years）；since ＋ 时间点（2015）；两者都与完成时连用。 by 与 until 必须看动作：by 是“截止”，动作在期限前完成；until 是“持续”，动作一直延续到某时。对比：Finish it by five.／Wait until five. 补充：at Christmas 指圣诞期间；on Christmas Day 指圣诞当天；at night 是固定搭配（不用 in the night）。 2.3 地点与方位介词：点、面、体 介词 核心区别 典型搭配 例句 at 把地点看作一个点（小地点、场所） at the station、at the door、at school I will meet you at the school gate. in 把地点看作一个空间（体）（大地点、内部） in the room、in China、in the box There are two books in the bag. on 把地点看作一个面（表面）（与表面接触） on the wall、on the desk、on the farm The map is on the wall.（贴在墙面上） above / over above 仅表“在上方”（不接触）；over 强调“正上方”或“覆盖” above the clouds、over the river The plane flew above the clouds.／There is a bridge over the river. below / under below 仅表“在下方”；under 强调“正下方”或“被覆盖” below zero、under the desk The cat is under the desk. across / through / over across 从表面横穿；through 从内部穿过；over 从上方越过 across the street、through the forest、over the wall Walk across the street.／The train went through the tunnel. between / among between 用于两者（或明确列举的多者之间）；among 用于三者及以上（不逐一列举） between A and B、among the students The ball is between the two chairs.／He is popular among the students. beside / besides beside 在……旁边；besides 除……之外（还有） beside the river、besides English Sit beside me.／Besides English, he can speak French. in front of / in the front of in front of 在……（外部）前面；in the front of 在……（内部）前部 in front of the classroom、in the front of the classroom A tree stands in front of the classroom.／The teacher stands in the front of the classroom. ★ 三组高频对照 at / in / on：点 → at（at the station）；体 → in（in the room）；面 → on（on the wall）。 across / through / over：表面横穿 → across；内部穿过 → through；上方越过 → over。 between / among：两者 → between；三者以上 → among。记忆：between 的两端要“分得开”，among 的群体要“混成一片”。 方位表达 含义 例句 in the east of 在……（内部）的东部 China is in the east of Asia. on the east of 在……（接壤）的东边 Korea is on the east of China. to the east of 在……（外部、不接壤）的东边 Japan is to the east of China. in the corner 在房间、场地的内部角落 There is a chair in the corner of the room. on the corner 在街角、外部转角 He is waiting on the corner of the street. at the corner 在拐角处（一个点） Turn left at the corner. on the tree 长在树上（果实、叶子） The apples on the tree are ripe. in the tree 在树上（外来的人或物） A bird is singing in the tree. ★ 易错提醒｜方位的三组“必须分清” 第一组：in / on / to the east of。in 在里面（China is in the east of Asia）；on 接壤（Korea is on the east of China）；to 在外面（Japan is to the east of China）。一个介词，三种地理位置。 第二组：above / over。above 只表“位置更高”，不一定垂直；over 表“正上方”或“覆盖”。The plane flew above the clouds.／a bridge over the river。 第三组：across / through。across 从表面横穿（across the street）；through 从内部穿过（through the forest / through the tunnel）。 附一条固定对照：in front of 在……（外部）前面；in the front of 在……（内部）前部。少了 the，位置就从外面跑到里面。 注意：between 后接代词时用宾格——between you and me（不用 I），这是学考单选的高频设坑点。 2.4 方式 · 原因 · 目的 · 让步介词 语义场 介词 用法 例句 方式：交通 by by ＋ 交通工具单数（不加冠词）；步行用 on foot by bus / by bike / by train；on foot 方式：工具 with with ＋ 具体工具（前加冠词或限定词） write with a pen／cut it with a knife 方式：语言 / 材料 in in ＋ 语言、声音、书写材料、颜色 speak in English／write in ink／pay in cash 方式：抽象手段 through through ＋ 抽象名词（通过……） through hard work／through the Internet 原因 because of / due to / owing to / thanks to 后接名词、代词或动名词；thanks to 含“多亏”义，可用于好事 He was late because of the rain.／Thanks to your help, we succeeded. 原因（补充说明） for 表原因时多置于句末，不置句首 He was punished for being late. 目的 for for ＋ 名词表目的；for 后不能接动词原形 He went there for a holiday.／for visit → to visit 让步 / 排除障碍 in spite of / despite 后接名词或动名词；despite 后不加 of Despite the rain, we went out.／Despite of the rain（错误） 身份与比较 as / like as 表“作为（身份）”；like 表“像（比喻）” He works as a teacher.／He runs like a rabbit. ★ 三个最容易错的点 by / with / in：by 靠交通工具（by bus）；with 用具体工具（with a pen）；in 用语言、材料、颜色（in English、in ink）。 because of 与 because：because of ＋ 名词 / 代词 / 动名词；because ＋ 句子。because of it rained（错误）。 as 与 like：as 是“是”（He works as a teacher.）；like 是“像”（He runs like a rabbit.）。 对照 介词短语（接名词 / 动名词） 连词（接句子） 例句 原因 because of the rain because it rained He was late because of the rain.／He was late because it rained. 让步 despite / in spite of the rain although / though it rained Despite the rain, we went out.／Although it rained, we went out. 目的 for a holiday so that he could rest He went there for a holiday.／He went there so that he could rest. 方式 by working hard — He succeeded by working hard.（通过努力） ★ 易错提醒｜“介词短语”与“连词”不能互换 because of ＋ 名词 / 代词 / 动名词；because ＋ 句子。because of it rained（错误）→ because it rained 或 because of the rain。 despite / in spite of ＋ 名词 / 动名词；although / though ＋ 句子。despite of the rain（错误，despite 后不加 of）。 by / with / in 的分工：by ＋ 交通工具（by bus）；with ＋ 具体工具（with a pen）；in ＋ 语言、材料、颜色（in English、in ink）。 as 与 like：as 是“是”（He works as a teacher. 他就是教师）；like 是“像”（He runs like a rabbit. 他不是兔子）。这一组错误在写作中最常见。 记忆纪律：先看空后是“词”还是“句”——是词就用介词短语，是句就用连词。 2.5 易混介词对辨析 介词对 区别 正确用例 易错写法 except / besides except 排除（不包括）；besides 包括（除……之外，还有） All went except Tom.（汤姆没去）／Besides Tom, others also went.（汤姆也去了） All went besides Tom.（若意为汤姆没去） except / except for except 用于同类事物的排除；except for 用于不同类或对整体作补充说明 All the students went except Tom.／The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. except for Tom（与 students 同类，应用 except） of / from / in（材料） made of 看得出原材料；made from 看不出原材料；made in ＋ 产地 a desk made of wood／paper made from wood／made in China made of paper（纸看不出木料，应用 from） of / about / on（关于） about 一般性涉及；on 专题性、学术性论述 talk about the weather／a book on Chinese history （一般读物用 about；学术专著宜用 on） to / for / at（能力与态度） be good at（擅长）／be good for（对……有益）／be good to（对……友好） He is good at maths.／Exercise is good for health.／She is good to us. be good in maths（教材标准搭配为 at） with / at（人物与事物） be angry with sb（对人）／be angry at / about sth（对事）；be strict with sb／be strict in sth The teacher was angry with him.／He was angry at the noise. be angry to him in / on / at（时间） in ＋ 月 / 季 / 年；on ＋ 日期 / 星期；at ＋ 时刻 in May、on May 1st、at eight in May 1st、on 2026 ★ 一句判断法 except 是“扣掉”，besides 是“加上”——先问一句：说的是“不包括”还是“还包括”？ except for 多用于“整体还行，只是某一处不行”的补充说明。 介词搭配没有规则可推，只能整块记：本表与表 6 必须背到条件反射。 ★ 易错提醒｜except 家族：一个“扣掉”，一个“加上” except＝扣掉（不包括）：All went except Tom.（汤姆没去） besides＝加上（还包括）：Besides Tom, others also went.（汤姆也去了） but 在 no one / nothing / all / nobody 之后可等同 except：Nobody but Tom knew the answer. except for 用于不同类或“整体尚可，只此一处不行”：The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. apart from 兼有两者之义，需靠语境判断：Apart from Tom, everyone was there.（＝ except）／Apart from English, he speaks French.（＝ besides） 一句话判断：先问自己“说的是不包括，还是还包括”——不包括用 except，还包括用 besides。 2.6 高频固定搭配速查 介词 形容词搭配 动词搭配 at be good / bad at、be surprised at、be angry at、be amazed at、be expert at laugh at、look at、arrive at（小地点）、point at、shoot at in be interested in、be rich in、be weak in、be successful in、be active in arrive in（大地点）、believe in、succeed in、take part in on be keen on、be dependent on、be hard on、be based on depend on、insist on、congratulate sb on、spend ... on、focus on、live on of be fond of、be proud of、be afraid of、be full of、be short of、be tired of、be aware of、be capable of think of、dream of、remind sb of、inform sb of、accuse sb of、get rid of to be similar to、be kind to、be polite to、be harmful to、be thankful to、be equal to belong to、lead to、stick to、devote ... to、look forward to、pay attention to for be famous for、be ready for、be responsible for、be sorry for、be fit for wait for、care for、ask for、pay for、search for、stand for、thank sb for with be busy with、be satisfied with、be popular with、be strict with、be familiar with agree with sb、compare with、share with、connect with、help sb with from be different from、be absent from、be far from、be safe from come from、learn from、suffer from、prevent sb from、protect sb from about be worried about、be sure about、be curious about、be careful about talk about、think about、worry about、care about、hear about ★ 记忆纪律（本表 200 余条搭配无法推导，只能整块背） 纪律一：先记“动词／形容词 + 介词”整块，不要单独背介词——背 be interested in，不要背 in。 纪律二：同一个形容词换介词就换意思：be good at（擅长）／for（有益）／to（友好）；be angry with sb／at sth。 纪律三：每天滚动 20 条，三天一轮；错题只抄“搭配块”，不抄整句。 类型 高频搭配 记忆提示 名词 + for reason for、talent for、respect for、a need for、an excuse for 表“原因、天赋、尊重、需要、借口”的名词多配 for 名词 + to solution to、key to、answer to、access to、attitude to / towards、reply to、visit to solution / key / answer 三词必配 to，这是最高频的一组 名词 + on effect / influence on、opinion on、a book on history、comment on “对……的影响、看法”用 on 名词 + of advantage of、disadvantage of、the cause of、the price of 所属与属性关系用 of 名词 + in increase / decrease in、progress in、confidence in、interest in “在某方面的增减、进步、信心”用 in 名词 + with trouble with、relationship with、contact with（名词） 注意：contact 作动词时及物——contact him（不加 with） 2.7 并列结构中的介词 本节处理介词短语并列与并列结构中介词的有无。课标未单列，但它是短文改错与书面表达中最稳定的失分点，也是“并列成分必须对等”这一原则在介词层面的具体体现。 结构类型 规则 正确用例 错误用例 同一介词支配多个宾语 介词可以重复，也可以只出现一次；重复更清楚，省略更简洁 in the classroom and in the library／in the classroom and library — 不同介词支配同一宾语 两个介词都要保留，宾语只出现一次（介词不能省） He is interested in and good at maths.／She is good at and fond of singing. He is interested and good at maths.（缺 in） 两个介词短语并列（介词不同） 各自保留自己的介词，不能合并成一个 He went to Beijing and from there to Shanghai. He went to Beijing and from Shanghai.（语义混乱） 并列结构中多余的介词 及物动词后不加介词；这是学生最常见的错误 discuss the plan／marry her／enter the room／reach the station／attend the meeting discuss about it／marry with her／enter into the room／reach at the station／attend to the meeting（attend to 另有“处理、照料”义，如 attend to the matter） 并列结构中缺失的介词 不及物动词后必须补介词 listen to music／wait for the bus／arrive at the station／agree with him listen music／wait the bus／arrive the station／agree him 并列形容词共享介词 两个形容词若支配同一介词，可共用一个；介词不同则各自保留 He is kind to and patient with children.（介词不同，各自保留） He is kind and patient to children.（patient 应配 with） ★ 三条判断纪律 纪律一：先确认每个动词／形容词各自配什么介词，再决定能否合并——介词相同可共用，介词不同必须各留。 纪律二：及物动词后不加介词：discuss、marry、enter、reach、attend、answer、approach 都是及物动词。 纪律三：不及物动词后必须补介词：listen to、wait for、arrive at / in、agree with、depend on、belong to。 类型 错误写法 正确写法 错因 多余介词 discuss about the plan discuss the plan discuss 是及物动词，直接接宾语 多余介词 marry with her marry her marry 作“与……结婚”时及物 多余介词 enter into the room enter the room enter 表“进入（具体场所）”时及物 多余介词 reach at the station reach the station reach 及物 多余介词 attend to the meeting attend the meeting attend 表“出席会议”时及物 多余介词 contact with him contact him contact 作动词时及物 多余介词 serve for the people serve the people serve 及物 缺失介词 listen music listen to music listen 不及物 缺失介词 wait the bus wait for the bus wait 不及物 缺失介词 arrive the station arrive at the station arrive 不及物 缺失介词 agree him agree with him agree 不及物 缺失介词 depend his parents depend on his parents depend 不及物 ★ 易错提醒｜“及物动词不加，不及物动词必加” 及物动词后不加介词：discuss、marry、enter、reach、attend、contact、serve、answer、approach、oppose。这九个词是改错题的常客。 不及物动词后必须加介词：listen to、wait for、arrive at / in、agree with、depend on、belong to、apologize to sb for sth。 并列结构中的两条规则：介词相同 → 可以共用一个（in the classroom and library）；介词不同 → 必须各自保留（He is interested in and good at maths.）。 写作自查步骤：① 找出句中所有动词；② 逐个判断及物与否；③ 及物的查“有没有多余介词”，不及物的查“有没有漏掉介词”。这三步做完，介词类错误基本清零。 附：approach 作动词表“接近、着手处理”时及物——approach the problem（不加 to）；作名词时才用 approach to（……的方法）。 考点一：介词基础用法（时间；地点；方式；原因；目的；让步） 例1. (2025年安徽省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) In 2014, when Michelle Obama paid a visit to Xi’an, capital of Shaanxi Province, she created multicolored papercuts 42 the then-US first lady and her family. 例2. （2025年江苏省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试卷）However, people found that it was more convenient to brew tea 43 the tea leaves still enclosed in the bags. 例3. (26-27高一上·吉林长春长春吉大附中实验学校月考试题) No one can make dreams come true keeping trying. 1． your support, we couldn’t have finished. 2．World Ocean Day, falling June 8th, is aimed at raising awareness of ocean conservation. 3．Not too long ago, a cold winter night, there was a teenager who wanted more screen time and a parent who said no. 4．He greeted me the street with a friendly wave of the hand. 5．Not all seeds can survive poor soil. 6．You can develop soft skills learning about the way you think and the way you communicate. 7．Our city is much more beautiful especially at night yours. 8． urbanization and technological change, the morin khuur, a traditional two-stringed instrument, has never faded in charm. 9． lack of funds, they have been forced to stop the construction. 考点二： 介词固定搭配 例1.( 2024年陕西省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) The baby pandas only weigh about 85 grams when they are born! Young pandas stay 42 their mothers for around 18 months. 例2. (2024年辽宁省高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) Some food producers even use sugar to replace taste in foods that are advertised as low 49 fat. So while the foods appear to be healthier, large amounts of sugar are often added. 例3. (2025年江苏省高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) Of course, Paxo phones can’t do as much 43 most smartphones. You can make phone calls and send messages. There are now three applications: clock, GPS and calculator, as well as two games: Snake and 2048. 例4. (2025年云南省高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) But unluckily, I didn’t see a small tree in front 43 me. 1．In her powerful address, Malala Yousafzai’s speech was firmly in opposition the gender-discriminatory educational policies. 2．Tom Hanks’ performance in the movie left a deep impression him. 3．As she has been in England for many years, she is fluent English. 4．This attracts more people to sign up courses, discussions and lectures. 5．He didn’t go to bed midnight. 考点三： 易混介词辨析 1．You should apply ________ the visa at least one month ahead. A．for B．to C．with D．on 2．Experts have been aware ________the problem of phone addiction. A．of B．to C．for D．with 3．To be ________ Chinese, you should spend more time practising every day. A．fluent at B．fluent in C．fluent with D．fluent for 4．I like all the four seasons, autumn ________. A．as usual B．in particular C．in vain D．as possible 5．The adviser is __________ choosing suitable courses for senior-high freshmen. A．expert of B．expert for C．expert with D．expert in 6．Linda is confident _________ gaining the opportunity ________ a volunteer. A．of; being B．for; to be C．about; being D．about; to be 7．The company was ________ an experienced manager, who was ready to ________ of its daily business. A．taken the control of; take control of B．taken control of; take the control of C．in the control of; take control of D．in control of; in the control of 8．I am curious ________ different extra-curricular activities ________ campus, so I offer help in exchange ________ a chance to take part in them. A．for; in; with B．for; on; for C．with; on; about D．about; on; for 9．Young Einstein was curious ________ physics and began to show his talent, which, however, was regarded ________ doubt because his teachers thought that he was dull and insensitive. A．in; for B．about; as C．about; with D．in; as 10．There was nothing left ________ the destroyed buildings after the war. A．besides B．except C．beside D．except for 11．_________ the heavy rain, we still went on with our outdoor sports meeting. A．Despite of B．In spite C．Despite D．Though 12．______ the classic Shi Ji, the only great historical works I had been exposed to were Homer’s epic poems. A．Prior to B．Due to C．In addition to D．Contrary to 13．______ the fact that he had not prepared well, he managed to pass the exam ______ only two points. A．In spite of; by B．Regardless of; with C．Despite; in D．Though; on 一、单项选择 1．The sudden change in weather caught us ________ surprise, and we were left completely unprepared ________ the heavy rain. A．by; for B．in; to C．with; against D．at; with 2．They set sail in the morning and made it ________a small town before dark, ________they had a good rest. A．for; which B．to; where C．in; that D．at; when 3．________ their busy part-time jobs, the college students organized a weekend book donation for kids. A．Unless B．Thus C．Therefore D．Despite 4．The solution _________ the pollution problem is that we should stop the factories _________ harmful chemicals into the river. A．of; releasing B．for; to release C．to; from releasing D．in; to release 5．The Space Day of China falls ______ April 24 every year. A．at B．in C．on D．for 6．I was grateful ____ the man ______his help. A．to; of. B．to; for C．with; to D．to; about 7．Competition is healthy for the society, but pushing it too far ________ mental illness. A．results from B．as a result C．as a result of D．results in 8．The smell of fresh coffee always ______ me ______ my grandmother’s kitchen. A．reminds; to B．reminds; of C．reminds; about D．reminds; with 9．It is not uncommon________ problems of communication ________ between generations. A．as; arise B．for; to arise C．of; rising D．with; rise 10．The virtual choir was the idea ________ award-winning composer and conductor Eric Whitacre. A．at B．in C．of D．from 11．All the students went on a school trip ______ Tom because he was ill. A．besides B．beside C．expect D．except 12．________ the unpleasant weather, many people in the city went out to see the holiday parade in the street. A．Even if B．Although C．In spite of D．Unless 13．The new policy will, ________ a large extent, reshape the economic structure of the region. A．in B．with C．at D．to 14．In China, people are enthusiastic ________ innovation. A．for B．about C．with D．on 15．Parents are responsible___________ installing the child safety seat in their cars. A．with B．at C．for D．in 二、单句语法填空 1．The sharing economy is subject abuse of trust. 2．I hope that this talk has given you some insight the kind of the work that we’ve been doing. 3．But your advice, I would be lost. 4．The sound of the stream lingered the valley long after we left. (填入适当的介词) 5．As the cost, we need to discuss it further before making a decision. 6．These words of Dr Lin give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and what carried her a life of hard choices. 7． your care, he wouldn’t recover. 8．If you come across a topic you are familiar , you can think about what you already know about it before you listen. 9． from English, he also studies French. 10．The grown-ups’ response was to advise me to lay aside my drawings, whether the inside or the outside. 11．Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can put almost every word her teacher says. 12． I often concentrate so much on what I’m doing that I may have a hard time dealing with things that come unexpectedly. 13．The boy fell off a truck and the doctor began to operate the boy. 14．Let us know if you come anywhere that has something special to offer. 15．After staring at the broken bike for 20 minutes, she finally figured why the chain wouldn’t move. 一、阅读理解 A Nature and Wildlife Photography Competition BWPA If you have any wonderful nature images taken in the United Kingdom, you can check out the British Wildlife Photography Awards (BWPA). This nature photo competition is free to enter and celebrates British natural history through several categories that include animal behavior, habitat, urban wildlife, and wild woods. The overall winner gets £5,000 in cash. BPOTY Are you a fan of birds? Then, check out the Bird Photographer of the Year (BPOTY) competition. There are eight different categories to enter. Entry credits are charged at a rate of £10 for one entry, £15 for five entries, £25 for 10 entries, £40 for 20 entries, £50 for 30 entries, or £60 for 50 entries. The title winner gets £5,000. WNPA The World Nature Photography Awards (WNPA) aims to use photography as a tool for change. The entry fee is £30 per entry, and you can submit six images. The winner gets a prize of £1,000. WMPA will plant a tree for every entry, so your entry fee will go to a good cause. NWPC The National Wildlife Photo Contest (NWPC) is a long-running competition with nine categories to enter. You can buy different entry packages from $20 for 10, and $25 for 15 photos. The grand winner gets $5,000. In addition, some selected images will also be published in the National Wildlife magazine. 1．How is BWPA different from the other three competition? A．It will plant a tree for every entry. B．It has more than ten categories. C．Its entries have to be taken in the UK. D．Its overall winner gets £1,000 in cash. 2．What is BPOTY’s entry fee for 10 photos? A．£ 15. B．£ 25. C．£ 40. D．£ 50. 3．What is the goal of WNPA? A．To use photography as a tool for change. B．To celebrate British natural history. C．To check if you are a fan of birds. D．To have long-running competitions. B One of the most beautiful signs of summer here in the mountains of my home isn’t the flowers, or the trees or the early morning sunrises. It is instead the return of the work camps. These are week-long trips that voluntary groups make into our area to help people to make home repairs that they couldn’t afford to do themselves. They are mostly kind-hearted teenagers giving up part of their summer vacation. They are always supervised (指导), though, by experienced builders who know what they are doing. It always brings a smile to my face and a joy to my heart to see them out there in the hot summer sun working to help those who need it most, with their only pay being the love in their hearts. I remember watching one group building a new set of steps for a front porch (门廊) one year. It was 5 teenagers being supervised by one adult. What got me the most was listening to him encouraging them. I lost count of how many times he said, “Good job” or “Doing good” to them. There was one girl, however, who obviously had never held a hammer (锤子) before. She bent 3 nails in a row working on one board. Finally the man knelt down beside her and instead of criticizing her, gave her a ten-minute tutorial on how to hammer a nail. When he was done, she tried again with a weak smile on her face and drove the nail in like an expert carpenter. The man looked down at her work and said, “Doing good!” once again. Yes! They truly are doing good in this world. For every act of kindness there are a million kind acts. And I see those acts of kindness, those acts of goodness, and those acts of love every time I see one of these work camps helping those in need. May we all learn from their example. 4．Why do work camps come to the mountains annually? A．To seek for volunteers. B．To enjoy summer scenery. C．To do some maintenance work. D．To train teenagers to construct. 5．What is the role of the experienced builders? A．Inspiring the teenagers. B．Guiding teenagers’ work. C．Monitoring the teenagers. D．Giving praises to the teenagers. 6．What can we know about the girl? A．She was impatient. B．She was a slow learner. C．She always made mistakes. D．She was a green hand. 7．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Doing Good and Being Kind B．Enjoying the Summer Scenery C．Witnessing Summer Camps D．Discovering Teenager Builders C Our preference for this or that kind of music is obviously a subjective matter. It can also be highly unstable, changing not only over a lifetime, but also from month to month or even day to day. Yet despite such variety, there are some factors that I think are the main contributors. The first is how we were brought up, or the musical background which surrounded us in our formative years (性格形成时期). The kinds of music that we were exposed to when we were small helped to create very specific mental patterns. However, even the most stable musical pattern can be changed by socio-cultural concerns, and these form the second contribution to our musical preferences. Music, probably from the very beginning of the existence of modern humans, has been used to bring people together in various kinds of activities, because it is really efficient at regulating (调节) the bodily and emotional responses of large groups of participants. Whether you’re into heavy metal, or hip hop, or jazz, your preferences are guided in part by your desire to be a member of some social circle. These two factors seem to suggest that musical preferences are formed unconsciously (无意识地), without the listener being aware of it, but this is obviously not the case. Nothing is likely to be more important than our own subjective feeling at the time of listening. Especially today, with nearly unlimited access to all styles of music, we use music as a tool for regulating our emotions and moods. This is why when you want to study you might reach for something simple, without words. Or when you’re trying to relax before bed you’ll probably listen to something calming. They point to the fantastic power of music in our lives. 8．What is the function of paragraph 1? A．To answer a question. B．To lead into the topic. C．To list a few reasons. D．To make comparisons. 9．How many factors that affect musical preferences are mentioned in the passage? A．Three. B．Two. C．Four. D．Five. 10．What can the music in a group do? A．It can make people famous. B．It can make people calm down. C．It can bring people together. D．It can create specific mental patterns. 11．What could be inferred from paragraph 4? A．While reading, people are more likely to prefer rap music. B．Preferences for music are totally decided by uncontrolled factors. C．Musical preferences are formed unconsciously. D．Personal feelings matter in people’s musical preferences. D Cooking is more than just a task we perform in the kitchen. 12 . Here we will explore the advantages of cooking at home and how it enriches our lives. Perhaps the main reason to cook is its direct impact on our health. Cooking allows us to carefully control the ingredients that enter our bodies. 13 . This leads to a healthier diet, which can help lower the risk of many diseases. Additionally, cooking makes it easy to meet personal dietary needs and preferences, ensuring everyone enjoys their meals. 14 . Recipes (食谱) passed down through generations are more than just a list of ingredients. They are stories, memories, and a connection to our heritage. Preparing traditional dishes allows us to connect with our roots (根源) and celebrate our cultural identity. In this way, every meal can serve as a bridge to the past. Cooking is an effective way of saving money. Eating out or buying pre-packaged meals usually costs a lot of money. 15 By planning meals, buying a lot of basic ingredients at once, and using leftovers cleverly, you can spend less on food and save money for more important things. Our food choices also have a significant impact on the environment. By cooking at home, we can make better decisions about the sustainability (可持续性) of our food sources. We can choose local, seasonal ingredients, reducing our carbon footprint. Cooking also allows us to reduce food waste by repurposing (再利用) leftovers. 16 A．Food has the power to bring people together. B．It allows us to feed both our minds and bodies. C．It is a powerful process that brings many benefits to us. D．However, cooking at home offers significant cost savings. E．Cooking is also deeply connected with culture and tradition. F．We can avoid unhealthy ingredients found in processed foods. G．These practices enable us to play a part in creating a greener planet. 二、完形填空 Last week, Tom and his mother went to a restaurant to celebrate his fifth birthday. When he and his mother were talking there, a waitress 17 curiously from a distance. Eventually, the waitress realized that the mum was talking in sign language to her little boy who also had 18 aids in his ears. When the waitress 19 that it was Tom’s birthday, she decided to give the boy a special gift. She went to the Internet and 20 how to say “happy birthday” in sign language. She quickly got all the rules down. Then, she went up to Tom’s table and 21 to him, “Happy birthday to you!” Tom and his mother were really 22 . Later, Tom’s mum said this was the first time he had 23 in sign language with people other than her and his teacher. It was a simple 24 but it was an important gift for Tom. She added that the 25 from the waitress made her very moved. “Thanks to the 26 waitress, his fifth birthday is one that we will 27 for a lifetime,” the mum said. “My boy was always worried that he would appear very 28 when he was talking in sign language. Today, he saw that someone 29 tried to talk to him in his 30 language. It’s very 31 for him.” 17．A．watched B．concluded C．sang D．commented 18．A．speaking B．hearing C．reading D．walking 19．A．imagined B．expected C．learned D．admitted 20．A．went with B．reflected on C．looked up D．adjusted to 21．A．whispered B．shouted C．pretended D．signed 22．A．impressed B．confused C．hurt D．frightened 23．A．settled B．talked C．taught D．studied 24．A．phrase B．truth C．promise D．signal 25．A．explanation B．benefit C．apology D．gift 26．A．clever B．kind C．impatient D．silly 27．A．remember B．enjoy C．celebrate D．work 28．A．excited B．cool C．funny D．noisy 29．A．suddenly B．shyly C．actually D．angrily 30．A．official B．secret C．formal D．special 31．A．useless B．important C．free D．difficult 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 An international large-scale scientific initiative, the Plant Planet Project, jointly 32 (launch) by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) and 49 domestic and international institutions, was 33 (official) presented in Beijing on Wednesday. By integrating artificial intelligence algorithms (算法) and models, it aims to decode the genetic blueprints of major terrestrial plant lineages (陆生植物谱系) 34 map a complete tree of life for plants, addressing global challenges such as food 35 (secure), biodiversity conservation, new drug discovery, and sustainable development. According to Wang Li, a principal investigator of the project and a researcher at the Shenzhen Institute of Agricultural Genomics of CAAS, plants 36 (evolve) into an extraordinary diversity of forms over billions of years. However, 37 (connect) and incomplete genomic (基因组的) data have left many key evolutionary relationships unresolved. Wang said the initiative seeks to fill these gaps by sampling plant orders and families 38 currently lack reference genomes, fundamentally clarifying the evolutionary relationships and branching timelines among all major plant groups 39 (construct) a complete plant tree of life. Also, the Plant Planet Project 40 (expect) to enhance global ecological capacity for biodiversity conservation and carbon neutrality, while developing 41 new framework for international collaboration on major scientific challenges in plant science. 四、书信写作 42．假定你是李华，你校的英语报要增设一个栏目。外教John提出“Career Plan”和“National Security”两个选项供大家选择。请给John写一封邮件，内容包括： （1）你的选择； （2）说明理由。 注意： （1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； （3）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear John, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题09 介词 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 研|核心专题精讲 考点一 介词基础用法（时间；地点；方式；原因；目的；让步） 考点二 介词固定搭配 考点三 易混介词辨析 练|巩固提升训练 本模块依据《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2025年修订）》对本专题在学考中的要求进行梳理，并结合近年全国各地学业水平考试命题实践作出趋势判断。 1.1 课标依据与学考层级要求 介词在课标附录 3“一、词类 → 7. 介词”中作为一个整项列出，不带星号——与连词、冠词并列，属于“义务教育阶段学习过、高中必修课程应该熟练掌握”的内容。这意味着介词的全部基本用法都是学考的合法考点；而介词短语在句中充当什么成分（状语、定语、表语），课标归入“句子成分”条目并标注两个星号，属选择性必修范畴，学考只要求能辨认，不要求作结构分析。 板块 知识点 课标层级 学考具体要求 认知层次 常见题型 介词 时间介词 必修 掌握 at / on / in 的点、天、段之分；掌握 for 与 since、by 与 until 的区别 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 地点与方位介词 必修 掌握 at / in / on 的点、体、面之分；掌握 above / over、across / through、between / among 的区别 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 方式介词 必修 掌握 by / with / in 的分工（交通工具、具体工具、语言材料） 熟练掌握 单项选择、写作 原因与让步介词 必修 掌握 because of / due to / thanks to；掌握 despite / in spite of（后接名词或动名词） 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 易混介词对 必修 掌握 except / besides / except for、as / like、made of / from、about / on 的区别 熟练掌握 单项选择 介词固定搭配 必修 掌握高频“形容词／动词 + 介词”搭配；同一个词换介词即换义 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空、写作 边界 说明 介词后接宾语的形式 必修 名词、代词（宾格）、动名词、wh- 从句；介词后接动词一律用 -ing 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 并列结构中的介词 教材常规 课标未单列，但涉及“并列结构”与“省略”（省略带 *，属必修）：介词相同可共用，不同必须各留；及物动词后不加介词 正确理解和使用 写作 介词短语的句法功能 选择性必修（两个星号） “句子成分：按结构分类（含介词短语）”标注两个星号；学考只要求辨认状语、定语、表语三种功能 辨认与理解 阅读理解、语法填空 介词短语作独立成分（with 复合结构等） 选择性必修（两个星号） 非谓语与 with 复合结构归入“动词的非谓语形式”条目，学考不要求主动使用 不作要求 — ★ 层级解读（务必先看这一条） ● 介词作为一个整项不带星号，属“必修且应熟练掌握”层级——这意味着表 2 至表 6 的内容全部在学考范围内，没有可以跳过的部分。 ● 两大主战场：一是易混介词对的辨析（except / besides、as / like、by / with / in、for / since），几乎每年单选必现；二是固定搭配（形容词／动词 + 介词），语法填空与写作都用得上。 ● “介词 + 动名词”是最高频的语法陷阱。look forward to doing、be used to doing、devote oneself to doing——这里的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，单选题专挑这一点设坑。 ★ 易错提醒｜介词是“小词大麻烦” 介词字数最少，却是学考中最难系统复习的一块。原因有三： 原因一：搭配无规则可推。be good at 为什么用 at 不用 in？没有道理可讲。200 余条搭配只能整块背，不能靠理解——这是介词与冠词、代词最根本的区别。 原因二：汉语“一对多”干扰。汉语一个“在”对应 at / on / in 三个词；一个“用”对应 by / with / in；一个“除了”对应 except / besides。中国学生习惯按汉语直译，于是 in Monday、with bus、besides Tom（想说汤姆没去）三类错误反复出现。 原因三：及物与不及物动词混用。discuss about it、marry with her（多了介词）；listen music、wait the bus（少了介词）——短文改错几乎每次都有这一处。 本讲义的处理方式：按“功能与宾语形式 → 时间 → 地点方位 → 方式原因目的让步 → 易混介词对 → 固定搭配 → 并列结构中的介词”推进，每一节都配成对对照与错误写法，目标是把这三类失分压到零。 1.2 学考与高考的考查差异 以浙江省为例，普通高中学业水平考试的外语科目使用教育部考试中心命题的高考英语全国卷，学考成绩与高考首考打通；其他省份虽组织形式不同，但语法项目的考查口径与全国卷高度一致，故以下分析对全国通用。 比较维度 高考英语全国卷 学考（以浙江等省为例） 对复习的启示 语法填空（无提示词） 介词是必考空：空格后是名词、代词或动名词，且该词不作主语或动词宾语时，该空极可能填介词 题型、赋分与全国卷一致 看空后词性：名词／代词／doing 且不作主宾 → 填介词 语法填空（有提示词） 提示词是动词、空后无宾语时，可能要求补介词（listen to、wait for） 先判断动词是否及物，再决定要不要补介词 单项选择 易混介词对是最稳定的考点：except / besides、as / like、by / with / in、for / since 成对记，不要单个记——一次记两个，才不会混 最稳定考法 介词 + 动名词：look forward to seeing、be used to getting up early、devote oneself to teaching 见到 to 先判断：是不定式符号，还是介词 第二稳定考法 固定搭配：be good at、be interested in、be proud of、depend on 背整块搭配，不背单个介词 写作 多余介词（discuss about）与缺失介词（listen music）是高频错误点 写作后专门查一遍：及物动词后有没有多介词、不及物动词后有没有少介词 干扰项设计 多为“汉语直译”“介词与连词混用（because of / because）”“时间介词精度错位”三类 错因高度集中，专项突破性价比极高 1.3 2027命题趋势观察与备考策略 1.3.1 近年各地学考与全国卷介词题的命题走向 ● 语法填空的“无提示词”空是介词的主战场。判断依据非常固定：空格后面是名词、代词或动名词，且这个词在句中不作主语、也不是动词的宾语——此时该空极可能填介词。典型如 arrive at the station、be good at swimming。 ● “介词 + 动名词”反复设坑。经典题例：I'm looking forward to seeing you again.（不是 see）／He is used to getting up early.（不是 get）／She devotes herself to helping the poor.——三句的共同点：to 后面都是介词。 ● 易混介词对年年出现。经典题例：All the students went except Tom.（汤姆没去）／Besides Tom, others also went.（汤姆也去了）／He works as a teacher.（作为教师）／He runs like a rabbit.（像兔子）。两组对照几乎就是单选题库。 ● 时间介词的“精度错位”是最常见的干扰项。典型错项：in Monday（应为 on）、on 2026（应为 in）、at May（应为 in）。判断口诀：点用 at、天用 on、段用 in。 ● for 与 since、by 与 until 常与完成时捆绑。She has lived here for ten years.（时间段）／She has lived here since 2015.（时间点）／Finish it by five.（截止）／Wait until five.（持续到）。时态是判断的辅助线索。 ● 短文改错与书面表达更看重“介词的有无”。及物动词后多介词（discuss about、marry with、enter into the room）与不及物动词后少介词（listen music、wait the bus）是两类固定错误，写作后必须专查一遍。 1.3.2 三条落地策略 策略 具体做法 对应解决的问题 先定语义场，再选介词 拿到介词空先判断属于哪个语义场：时间 → at / on / in / for / since / by / until；地点 → at / in / on / above / across；方式 → by / with / in；原因 → because of / for。语义场定了，候选词就从十几个缩到三四个 汉语直译、介词乱选 成对记易混介词 把 except / besides、as / like、by / with / in、for / since、by / until、of / from 六对做成对照卡，一次记两个，并各配一个最短例句 成对介词混淆 背整块搭配，查介词有无 只背“动词／形容词 + 介词”整块（be interested in，不背 in）；写作后专查及物动词后是否多介词、不及物动词后是否少介词 固定搭配记错、介词多余或缺失 2.1 介词的功能与句法作用 项目 说明 例句 基本性质 介词是虚词，不能单独充当句子成分，必须与后面的宾语构成介词短语 He went to.（错误）→ He went to school. 宾语形式一：名词 / 代词 后接名词或代词；人称代词必须用宾格 between you and me（不用 I）／This is for him. 宾语形式二：动名词 后接动词时必须用 -ing 形式，不能用不定式 be good at swimming／look forward to seeing you／look forward to see you（错误） 宾语形式三：wh- 从句 可接 what / whether / how 等引导的从句 It depends on what he says.／I am not sure about whether he will come. 句法功能一：状语 表时间、地点、方式、原因、目的、伴随等，是最主要的功能 He arrived at eight.／She went there by bus. 句法功能二：定语 置于名词之后作后置定语 The book on the desk is mine.／a girl in red 句法功能三：表语 置于系动词之后作表语 He is in trouble.／The meeting is of great importance. ★ 三条使用铁律（介词所有设坑点的源头） 铁律一：介词后面必须跟宾语，且代词用宾格——between you and me。 铁律二：介词后面跟动词，一律用 -ing——be used to doing、devote oneself to doing；这里的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号。 铁律三：时间介词的选用看“大小与精度”——at 用于点（时刻），on 用于天（日期、星期），in 用于段（月、季、年、世纪）。 结构 含义 例句 look forward to doing 期待做某事 I'm looking forward to seeing you again. be used to doing 习惯于做某事 He is used to getting up early. devote oneself to doing 献身于、致力于 She devoted herself to helping the poor. pay attention to doing 注意做某事 Pay attention to spelling the words correctly. get down to doing 着手做某事 Let's get down to discussing the plan. stick to doing 坚持做某事 He sticks to running every morning. object to doing 反对做某事 They objected to building a factory here. be addicted to doing 沉迷于 He is addicted to playing computer games. in addition to doing 除……之外（还） In addition to teaching, she writes novels. prevent / stop / keep sb from doing 阻止某人做某事 The rain prevented us from going out. have difficulty (in) doing 做某事有困难 I have difficulty (in) understanding him. spend time (in) doing 花时间做某事 She spends an hour (in) reading every day. be busy (in) doing 忙于做某事 He is busy (in) preparing for the exam. be worth doing 值得做（主动形式表被动） The book is worth reading. instead of doing 代替、而不是 He watched TV instead of doing his homework. succeed in doing 成功做某事 They succeeded in solving the problem. insist on doing 坚持做某事 She insisted on paying the bill. ★ 易错提醒｜这里的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号 判断方法：把 to 后面的词换成名词，如果句子仍然成立，这个 to 就是介词，后面必须接 -ing。 是介词的 to：look forward to、be used to、devote ... to、pay attention to、get down to、stick to、object to、be addicted to、in addition to、to 后接 doing。 是不定式符号的 to：want to、decide to、hope to、plan to、be able to、to 后接动词原形。 最典型的一组对照：be used to doing（习惯于）／used to do（过去常常）／be used to do（被用来做）——三个结构，三种意思，学考单选最爱在这里设三选一。 记忆口诀：介词 to 后面跟“东西”（名词或动名词）；不定式 to 后面跟“动作原形”。 2.2 时间介词：点、天、段与起点、终点 介词 用法 典型搭配 例句 at 时间点：时刻、正午、午夜、某瞬间 at 8 o'clock、at noon、at midnight、at that moment The film begins at seven. on 具体某一天：日期、星期、节日当天、带修饰的早晨 on Monday、on May 1st、on Christmas Day、on a cold morning He was born on May 5th, 2010. in 时间段：月、季、年、世纪；也用于“在……之后”（将来） in May、in summer、in 2026、in the 21st century、in two hours We will meet in two days. for 持续一段时间（＋时间段），常与完成时连用 for three years、for a long time She has lived here for ten years. since 起点（＋时间点），常与完成时连用 since 2015、since last week、since he left She has lived here since 2015. during 在……期间（＋名词，强调“期间内”） during the holiday、during the war He visited many places during the holiday. by 到……为止（动作完成的最后期限），常与完成时连用 by the end of last year、by 9 o'clock The train will have left by 9 o'clock. until / till 直到……为止（动作持续到某时；not ... until 表“直到……才”） until midnight、not ... until Monday He waited until midnight.／He didn't come until midnight. before / after 在……之前 / 之后 before supper、after class Wash your hands before dinner. within / in within 强调“不超过”；in 表“在……之内或之后” within a week、in a week You must finish it within a week.（一周内完成） ★ 三组必须分清的时间介词 for 与 since：for ＋ 时间段（ten years）；since ＋ 时间点（2015）。 by 与 until：by 强调到某时动作已完成；until 强调动作一直持续到某时。对比：Finish it by five.（五点前完成）／Wait until five.（等到五点）。 in 与 after：in ＋ 时间段用于将来（in two days）；after ＋ 时间段多用于过去（after two days）。 对照组 区别 例句 during / through during 强调“在……期间内”（某事发生于期间）；through 强调“从头贯穿到尾” He swims every day during the summer.／He worked through the night.（通宵） before / by before 只表“在……之前”；by 表“不迟于”，强调截止期限 Come back before five.（五点前回来）／Finish it by five.（五点前完成，不迟于五点） till / until 同义；till 多用于口语，until 可用于句首（句首不用 till） Wait until seven.／Until he came, we waited.（句首用 until） in / after in ＋ 时间段用于将来；after ＋ 时间段多用于过去；after ＋ 时间点可用于将来 He will come in two days.／He came after two days.／We'll go out after supper. on / in（早晨类） 具体某天的早晨用 on；泛指早晨用 in；带修饰语的早晨用 on in the morning／on the morning of May 1st／on a cold morning ★ 易错提醒｜时间介词只看“精度”，不看汉语 点用 at、天用 on、段用 in——这是唯一需要牢记的口诀。at eight / on Monday / on May 1st / in May / in 2026。 三个最常见的错误：in Monday（应 on）／on 2026（应 in）／in May 1st（应 on）。根源都是按汉语“在”直译。 for 与 since 必须看时态：for ＋ 时间段（ten years）；since ＋ 时间点（2015）；两者都与完成时连用。 by 与 until 必须看动作：by 是“截止”，动作在期限前完成；until 是“持续”，动作一直延续到某时。对比：Finish it by five.／Wait until five. 补充：at Christmas 指圣诞期间；on Christmas Day 指圣诞当天；at night 是固定搭配（不用 in the night）。 2.3 地点与方位介词：点、面、体 介词 核心区别 典型搭配 例句 at 把地点看作一个点（小地点、场所） at the station、at the door、at school I will meet you at the school gate. in 把地点看作一个空间（体）（大地点、内部） in the room、in China、in the box There are two books in the bag. on 把地点看作一个面（表面）（与表面接触） on the wall、on the desk、on the farm The map is on the wall.（贴在墙面上） above / over above 仅表“在上方”（不接触）；over 强调“正上方”或“覆盖” above the clouds、over the river The plane flew above the clouds.／There is a bridge over the river. below / under below 仅表“在下方”；under 强调“正下方”或“被覆盖” below zero、under the desk The cat is under the desk. across / through / over across 从表面横穿；through 从内部穿过；over 从上方越过 across the street、through the forest、over the wall Walk across the street.／The train went through the tunnel. between / among between 用于两者（或明确列举的多者之间）；among 用于三者及以上（不逐一列举） between A and B、among the students The ball is between the two chairs.／He is popular among the students. beside / besides beside 在……旁边；besides 除……之外（还有） beside the river、besides English Sit beside me.／Besides English, he can speak French. in front of / in the front of in front of 在……（外部）前面；in the front of 在……（内部）前部 in front of the classroom、in the front of the classroom A tree stands in front of the classroom.／The teacher stands in the front of the classroom. ★ 三组高频对照 at / in / on：点 → at（at the station）；体 → in（in the room）；面 → on（on the wall）。 across / through / over：表面横穿 → across；内部穿过 → through；上方越过 → over。 between / among：两者 → between；三者以上 → among。记忆：between 的两端要“分得开”，among 的群体要“混成一片”。 方位表达 含义 例句 in the east of 在……（内部）的东部 China is in the east of Asia. on the east of 在……（接壤）的东边 Korea is on the east of China. to the east of 在……（外部、不接壤）的东边 Japan is to the east of China. in the corner 在房间、场地的内部角落 There is a chair in the corner of the room. on the corner 在街角、外部转角 He is waiting on the corner of the street. at the corner 在拐角处（一个点） Turn left at the corner. on the tree 长在树上（果实、叶子） The apples on the tree are ripe. in the tree 在树上（外来的人或物） A bird is singing in the tree. ★ 易错提醒｜方位的三组“必须分清” 第一组：in / on / to the east of。in 在里面（China is in the east of Asia）；on 接壤（Korea is on the east of China）；to 在外面（Japan is to the east of China）。一个介词，三种地理位置。 第二组：above / over。above 只表“位置更高”，不一定垂直；over 表“正上方”或“覆盖”。The plane flew above the clouds.／a bridge over the river。 第三组：across / through。across 从表面横穿（across the street）；through 从内部穿过（through the forest / through the tunnel）。 附一条固定对照：in front of 在……（外部）前面；in the front of 在……（内部）前部。少了 the，位置就从外面跑到里面。 注意：between 后接代词时用宾格——between you and me（不用 I），这是学考单选的高频设坑点。 2.4 方式 · 原因 · 目的 · 让步介词 语义场 介词 用法 例句 方式：交通 by by ＋ 交通工具单数（不加冠词）；步行用 on foot by bus / by bike / by train；on foot 方式：工具 with with ＋ 具体工具（前加冠词或限定词） write with a pen／cut it with a knife 方式：语言 / 材料 in in ＋ 语言、声音、书写材料、颜色 speak in English／write in ink／pay in cash 方式：抽象手段 through through ＋ 抽象名词（通过……） through hard work／through the Internet 原因 because of / due to / owing to / thanks to 后接名词、代词或动名词；thanks to 含“多亏”义，可用于好事 He was late because of the rain.／Thanks to your help, we succeeded. 原因（补充说明） for 表原因时多置于句末，不置句首 He was punished for being late. 目的 for for ＋ 名词表目的；for 后不能接动词原形 He went there for a holiday.／for visit → to visit 让步 / 排除障碍 in spite of / despite 后接名词或动名词；despite 后不加 of Despite the rain, we went out.／Despite of the rain（错误） 身份与比较 as / like as 表“作为（身份）”；like 表“像（比喻）” He works as a teacher.／He runs like a rabbit. ★ 三个最容易错的点 by / with / in：by 靠交通工具（by bus）；with 用具体工具（with a pen）；in 用语言、材料、颜色（in English、in ink）。 because of 与 because：because of ＋ 名词 / 代词 / 动名词；because ＋ 句子。because of it rained（错误）。 as 与 like：as 是“是”（He works as a teacher.）；like 是“像”（He runs like a rabbit.）。 对照 介词短语（接名词 / 动名词） 连词（接句子） 例句 原因 because of the rain because it rained He was late because of the rain.／He was late because it rained. 让步 despite / in spite of the rain although / though it rained Despite the rain, we went out.／Although it rained, we went out. 目的 for a holiday so that he could rest He went there for a holiday.／He went there so that he could rest. 方式 by working hard — He succeeded by working hard.（通过努力） ★ 易错提醒｜“介词短语”与“连词”不能互换 because of ＋ 名词 / 代词 / 动名词；because ＋ 句子。because of it rained（错误）→ because it rained 或 because of the rain。 despite / in spite of ＋ 名词 / 动名词；although / though ＋ 句子。despite of the rain（错误，despite 后不加 of）。 by / with / in 的分工：by ＋ 交通工具（by bus）；with ＋ 具体工具（with a pen）；in ＋ 语言、材料、颜色（in English、in ink）。 as 与 like：as 是“是”（He works as a teacher. 他就是教师）；like 是“像”（He runs like a rabbit. 他不是兔子）。这一组错误在写作中最常见。 记忆纪律：先看空后是“词”还是“句”——是词就用介词短语，是句就用连词。 2.5 易混介词对辨析 介词对 区别 正确用例 易错写法 except / besides except 排除（不包括）；besides 包括（除……之外，还有） All went except Tom.（汤姆没去）／Besides Tom, others also went.（汤姆也去了） All went besides Tom.（若意为汤姆没去） except / except for except 用于同类事物的排除；except for 用于不同类或对整体作补充说明 All the students went except Tom.／The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. except for Tom（与 students 同类，应用 except） of / from / in（材料） made of 看得出原材料；made from 看不出原材料；made in ＋ 产地 a desk made of wood／paper made from wood／made in China made of paper（纸看不出木料，应用 from） of / about / on（关于） about 一般性涉及；on 专题性、学术性论述 talk about the weather／a book on Chinese history （一般读物用 about；学术专著宜用 on） to / for / at（能力与态度） be good at（擅长）／be good for（对……有益）／be good to（对……友好） He is good at maths.／Exercise is good for health.／She is good to us. be good in maths（教材标准搭配为 at） with / at（人物与事物） be angry with sb（对人）／be angry at / about sth（对事）；be strict with sb／be strict in sth The teacher was angry with him.／He was angry at the noise. be angry to him in / on / at（时间） in ＋ 月 / 季 / 年；on ＋ 日期 / 星期；at ＋ 时刻 in May、on May 1st、at eight in May 1st、on 2026 ★ 一句判断法 except 是“扣掉”，besides 是“加上”——先问一句：说的是“不包括”还是“还包括”？ except for 多用于“整体还行，只是某一处不行”的补充说明。 介词搭配没有规则可推，只能整块记：本表与表 6 必须背到条件反射。 ★ 易错提醒｜except 家族：一个“扣掉”，一个“加上” except＝扣掉（不包括）：All went except Tom.（汤姆没去） besides＝加上（还包括）：Besides Tom, others also went.（汤姆也去了） but 在 no one / nothing / all / nobody 之后可等同 except：Nobody but Tom knew the answer. except for 用于不同类或“整体尚可，只此一处不行”：The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. apart from 兼有两者之义，需靠语境判断：Apart from Tom, everyone was there.（＝ except）／Apart from English, he speaks French.（＝ besides） 一句话判断：先问自己“说的是不包括，还是还包括”——不包括用 except，还包括用 besides。 2.6 高频固定搭配速查 介词 形容词搭配 动词搭配 at be good / bad at、be surprised at、be angry at、be amazed at、be expert at laugh at、look at、arrive at（小地点）、point at、shoot at in be interested in、be rich in、be weak in、be successful in、be active in arrive in（大地点）、believe in、succeed in、take part in on be keen on、be dependent on、be hard on、be based on depend on、insist on、congratulate sb on、spend ... on、focus on、live on of be fond of、be proud of、be afraid of、be full of、be short of、be tired of、be aware of、be capable of think of、dream of、remind sb of、inform sb of、accuse sb of、get rid of to be similar to、be kind to、be polite to、be harmful to、be thankful to、be equal to belong to、lead to、stick to、devote ... to、look forward to、pay attention to for be famous for、be ready for、be responsible for、be sorry for、be fit for wait for、care for、ask for、pay for、search for、stand for、thank sb for with be busy with、be satisfied with、be popular with、be strict with、be familiar with agree with sb、compare with、share with、connect with、help sb with from be different from、be absent from、be far from、be safe from come from、learn from、suffer from、prevent sb from、protect sb from about be worried about、be sure about、be curious about、be careful about talk about、think about、worry about、care about、hear about ★ 记忆纪律（本表 200 余条搭配无法推导，只能整块背） 纪律一：先记“动词／形容词 + 介词”整块，不要单独背介词——背 be interested in，不要背 in。 纪律二：同一个形容词换介词就换意思：be good at（擅长）／for（有益）／to（友好）；be angry with sb／at sth。 纪律三：每天滚动 20 条，三天一轮；错题只抄“搭配块”，不抄整句。 类型 高频搭配 记忆提示 名词 + for reason for、talent for、respect for、a need for、an excuse for 表“原因、天赋、尊重、需要、借口”的名词多配 for 名词 + to solution to、key to、answer to、access to、attitude to / towards、reply to、visit to solution / key / answer 三词必配 to，这是最高频的一组 名词 + on effect / influence on、opinion on、a book on history、comment on “对……的影响、看法”用 on 名词 + of advantage of、disadvantage of、the cause of、the price of 所属与属性关系用 of 名词 + in increase / decrease in、progress in、confidence in、interest in “在某方面的增减、进步、信心”用 in 名词 + with trouble with、relationship with、contact with（名词） 注意：contact 作动词时及物——contact him（不加 with） 2.7 并列结构中的介词 本节处理介词短语并列与并列结构中介词的有无。课标未单列，但它是短文改错与书面表达中最稳定的失分点，也是“并列成分必须对等”这一原则在介词层面的具体体现。 结构类型 规则 正确用例 错误用例 同一介词支配多个宾语 介词可以重复，也可以只出现一次；重复更清楚，省略更简洁 in the classroom and in the library／in the classroom and library — 不同介词支配同一宾语 两个介词都要保留，宾语只出现一次（介词不能省） He is interested in and good at maths.／She is good at and fond of singing. He is interested and good at maths.（缺 in） 两个介词短语并列（介词不同） 各自保留自己的介词，不能合并成一个 He went to Beijing and from there to Shanghai. He went to Beijing and from Shanghai.（语义混乱） 并列结构中多余的介词 及物动词后不加介词；这是学生最常见的错误 discuss the plan／marry her／enter the room／reach the station／attend the meeting discuss about it／marry with her／enter into the room／reach at the station／attend to the meeting（attend to 另有“处理、照料”义，如 attend to the matter） 并列结构中缺失的介词 不及物动词后必须补介词 listen to music／wait for the bus／arrive at the station／agree with him listen music／wait the bus／arrive the station／agree him 并列形容词共享介词 两个形容词若支配同一介词，可共用一个；介词不同则各自保留 He is kind to and patient with children.（介词不同，各自保留） He is kind and patient to children.（patient 应配 with） ★ 三条判断纪律 纪律一：先确认每个动词／形容词各自配什么介词，再决定能否合并——介词相同可共用，介词不同必须各留。 纪律二：及物动词后不加介词：discuss、marry、enter、reach、attend、answer、approach 都是及物动词。 纪律三：不及物动词后必须补介词：listen to、wait for、arrive at / in、agree with、depend on、belong to。 类型 错误写法 正确写法 错因 多余介词 discuss about the plan discuss the plan discuss 是及物动词，直接接宾语 多余介词 marry with her marry her marry 作“与……结婚”时及物 多余介词 enter into the room enter the room enter 表“进入（具体场所）”时及物 多余介词 reach at the station reach the station reach 及物 多余介词 attend to the meeting attend the meeting attend 表“出席会议”时及物 多余介词 contact with him contact him contact 作动词时及物 多余介词 serve for the people serve the people serve 及物 缺失介词 listen music listen to music listen 不及物 缺失介词 wait the bus wait for the bus wait 不及物 缺失介词 arrive the station arrive at the station arrive 不及物 缺失介词 agree him agree with him agree 不及物 缺失介词 depend his parents depend on his parents depend 不及物 ★ 易错提醒｜“及物动词不加，不及物动词必加” 及物动词后不加介词：discuss、marry、enter、reach、attend、contact、serve、answer、approach、oppose。这九个词是改错题的常客。 不及物动词后必须加介词：listen to、wait for、arrive at / in、agree with、depend on、belong to、apologize to sb for sth。 并列结构中的两条规则：介词相同 → 可以共用一个（in the classroom and library）；介词不同 → 必须各自保留（He is interested in and good at maths.）。 写作自查步骤：① 找出句中所有动词；② 逐个判断及物与否；③ 及物的查“有没有多余介词”，不及物的查“有没有漏掉介词”。这三步做完，介词类错误基本清零。 附：approach 作动词表“接近、着手处理”时及物——approach the problem（不加 to）；作名词时才用 approach to（……的方法）。 考点一：介词基础用法（时间；地点；方式；原因；目的；让步） 例1. (2025年安徽省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) In 2014, when Michelle Obama paid a visit to Xi’an, capital of Shaanxi Province, she created multicolored papercuts 42 the then-US first lady and her family. 【答案】42．for 【详解】42．考查介词。句意：2014年，美国第一夫人米歇尔·奥巴马访问陕西省省会西安时，她为当时的美国第一夫人及其家人创作了彩色剪纸。根据句意可知，她“为”第一夫人和她的家人创作了彩色剪纸，用介词for，用于引出行为的对象。故填for。 例2. （2025年江苏省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试卷）However, people found that it was more convenient to brew tea 43 the tea leaves still enclosed in the bags. 【答案】43．with 【详解】43．考查介词。句意：然而，人们发现茶叶还包在袋子里泡茶更方便。表示“用”应用介词with。故填with。 例3. (26-27高一上·吉林长春长春吉大附中实验学校月考试题) No one can make dreams come true keeping trying. 【答案】without 【详解】句意：没有人能够不持续努力就实现梦想。表示“没有”应用介词without。 1． your support, we couldn’t have finished. 【答案】Without 【详解】句意：没有你的支持，我们不可能完成。结合句意，表示“没有”，用介词without，句首首字母大写。 2．World Ocean Day, falling June 8th, is aimed at raising awareness of ocean conservation. 【答案】on 【详解】句意：世界海洋日定于6月8日，旨在提高人们对海洋保护的意识。空格处为介词，与“June 8th”构成介词短语，在句中作时间状语；表示具体的某一天，应用介词on。 3．Not too long ago, a cold winter night, there was a teenager who wanted more screen time and a parent who said no. 【答案】on 【详解】句意：不久前，在一个寒冷的冬夜，有一个十几岁的孩子想要更多的屏幕时间，而一个家长拒绝了。a cold winter night是被形容词修饰的具体夜晚，属于具体某一天的晚上，介词用on。 4．He greeted me the street with a friendly wave of the hand. 【答案】in 【详解】句意：他在街上向我友好地挥手打招呼。根据空后the street可知，空处应用介词与the street构成介词短语，作地点状语；in the street表示“在街上”，故空处应用介词in。 5．Not all seeds can survive poor soil. 【答案】in 【详解】句意：并非所有的种子都能在贫瘠的土壤中存活。本空意为“在……中”，用介词in。 6．You can develop soft skills learning about the way you think and the way you communicate. 【答案】by 【详解】句意：你可以通过了解你的思考方式和沟通方式来发展软技能。根据“develop soft skills”以及“learning about the way”可知，此处表示“通过做某事”，用介词by。 7．Our city is much more beautiful especially at night yours. 【答案】than 【详解】句意：我们的城市比你们的城市漂亮得多，尤其是在夜晚。句中出现比较级more beautiful，表示“Our city”与“yours”两者对比，因此用than。 8． urbanization and technological change, the morin khuur, a traditional two-stringed instrument, has never faded in charm. 【答案】Despite 【详解】句意：尽管经历了城市化和技术变革，这种传统的两弦乐器马头琴的魅力从未消退。空格后为名词短语urbanization and technological change，句首需要填入介词表达“尽管”的让步含义，despite作为介词可直接接名词性成分，首字母大写。 9． lack of funds, they have been forced to stop the construction. 【答案】For 【详解】句意：由于缺乏资金，他们被迫停止这项工程建设。此处表示原因，用介词for“因为，由于”，位于句首首字母大写。 考点二： 介词固定搭配 例1.( 2024年陕西省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) The baby pandas only weigh about 85 grams when they are born! Young pandas stay 42 their mothers for around 18 months. 【答案】42．with 【详解】42．考查介词。句意：小熊猫和妈妈待在一起大约18个月。stay with sb.“和某人待在一起”，是固定短语，本空用介词with，符合题意。故填with。 例2. (2024年辽宁省高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) Some food producers even use sugar to replace taste in foods that are advertised as low 49 fat. So while the foods appear to be healthier, large amounts of sugar are often added. 【答案】49．in 【详解】49．考查介词。句意：一些食品生产商甚至使用糖来替代那些标榜低脂食品的味道。此处意为be low in...“在……方面含量低”，故应用介词in表示“在……方面”，故填in。 例3. (2025年江苏省高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) Of course, Paxo phones can’t do as much 43 most smartphones. You can make phone calls and send messages. There are now three applications: clock, GPS and calculator, as well as two games: Snake and 2048. 【答案】43．as 【详解】43．考查介词。句意：当然，帕克索手机的功能比不上大多数智能手机。“as much as”是固定搭配，意为“和……一样多”，故填as。 例4. (2025年云南省高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) But unluckily, I didn’t see a small tree in front 43 me. 【答案】43. of 【详解】43．考查介词。句意：但不幸的是，我并没有看到面前有一棵小树。in front of表示“在……前面”。故填of。 1．In her powerful address, Malala Yousafzai’s speech was firmly in opposition the gender-discriminatory educational policies. 【答案】to 【详解】句意：在她的有影响力的演讲中，马拉拉·尤萨夫扎伊的演讲内容坚决反对那些带有性别歧视色彩的教育政策。in opposition to是固定短语，表示“反对”，to是介词。 2．Tom Hanks’ performance in the movie left a deep impression him. 【答案】on 【详解】句意：汤姆·汉克斯在这部电影中的表演给他留下了深刻的印象。固定短语leave an impression on sb.表示“给某人留下印象”。 3．As she has been in England for many years, she is fluent English. 【答案】in 【详解】句意：因为她在英国待了很多年，她英语说得很流利。固定搭配be fluent in表示“说得一口流利的……”。 4．This attracts more people to sign up courses, discussions and lectures. 【答案】for 【详解】句意：这吸引更多人报名参加课程、讨论和讲座。固定搭配sign up for表示“报名参加”。 5．He didn’t go to bed midnight. 【答案】until 【详解】句意：他直到半夜才上床睡觉。此处考查not...until，意为“直到……才……”。 考点三： 易混介词辨析 1．You should apply ________ the visa at least one month ahead. A．for B．to C．with D．on 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你应该至少提前一个月申请签证。根据空后the visa可知，这里表示申请签证。apply for sth.意为“申请某物”，符合题意；apply to后通常接对象，意为“向……申请；适用于……”，apply通常不与with和on搭配。 2．Experts have been aware ________the problem of phone addiction. A．of B．to C．for D．with 【答案】A 【详解】句意：专家们已经意识到手机成瘾这个问题。 固定搭配be aware of，意为“意识到；知道”。 3．To be ________ Chinese, you should spend more time practising every day. A．fluent at B．fluent in C．fluent with D．fluent for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：为了中文流利，你应该每天花更多的时间练习。be fluent in为固定搭配，意为“在（某种语言）方面流利”。 4．I like all the four seasons, autumn ________. A．as usual B．in particular C．in vain D．as possible 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我喜欢所有的四个季节，尤其是秋天。A. as usual像往常一样；B. in particular尤其，特别；C. in vain徒劳地；D. as possible尽可能。根据题意可知，此处指尤其喜欢秋天。 5．The adviser is __________ choosing suitable courses for senior-high freshmen. A．expert of B．expert for C．expert with D．expert in 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这位顾问在为高一新生选择合适课程方面是专家。be expert in/at doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“在做某事方面是内行/专家”，此处用来表示顾问在选课方面很有经验和专业能力。 6．Linda is confident _________ gaining the opportunity ________ a volunteer. A．of; being B．for; to be C．about; being D．about; to be 【答案】D 【详解】句意：琳达对获得成为一名志愿者的机会充满信心。be confident about/of为固定搭配，意为“对……有信心”，第一空可填about或of；the opportunity to do sth.为固定用法，意为“做某事的机会”，使用动词不定式作后置定语修饰opportunity，第二空应填to be。 7．The company was ________ an experienced manager, who was ready to ________ of its daily business. A．taken the control of; take control of B．taken control of; take the control of C．in the control of; take control of D．in control of; in the control of 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这家公司由一位经验丰富的经理掌管，这位经理准备掌控公司的日常业务。take control of意为“接管，掌控”；in control of意为“控制、掌管”；in the control of由……控制/掌管；take the control of为错误表达。根据空前的“was”和空后的“an experienced manager”可知，第一空为介词短语in the control of；第二空位于不定式符号to后，需接动词短语take control of。 8．I am curious ________ different extra-curricular activities ________ campus, so I offer help in exchange ________ a chance to take part in them. A．for; in; with B．for; on; for C．with; on; about D．about; on; for 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我对校园里的各种课外活动很好奇，所以我主动提供帮助，以换取参加这些活动的机会。第一空，表示“对……好奇”应用固定短语be curious about；第二空，表示“在校园里”应用固定搭配on campus；第三空，表示“以……作为交换”应用固定短语in exchange for。 9．Young Einstein was curious ________ physics and began to show his talent, which, however, was regarded ________ doubt because his teachers thought that he was dull and insensitive. A．in; for B．about; as C．about; with D．in; as 【答案】C 【详解】句意：年轻的爱因斯坦对物理学感到好奇，并开始展现他的天赋，然而，这却受到了怀疑，因为他的老师们认为他迟钝且不敏感。be curious about为固定搭配，意为“对……感到好奇”；with doubt意为“带着怀疑”，regard...with doubt意为“怀疑地看待……”。 10．There was nothing left ________ the destroyed buildings after the war. A．besides B．except C．beside D．except for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：战争结束后，除了那些被毁坏的建筑物，什么也没剩下。A. besides除……以外还有（包含在内）；B. except除……之外（不包含在内）；C. beside在……旁边（方位介词）；D. except for除……之外（说明整体情况后对细节加以修正）。根据“There was nothing left…”可知，此处表示从“什么都没有”中剔除“被毁坏的建筑物”，即“只剩下被毁坏的建筑物”。except常与nothing, everything, all等不定代词连用，表示同类事物的排除。 11．_________ the heavy rain, we still went on with our outdoor sports meeting. A．Despite of B．In spite C．Despite D．Though 【答案】C 【详解】句意：尽管下着大雨，我们仍然继续举办室外运动会。the heavy rain是名词短语，此空可用介词Despite或短语In spite of。 12．______ the classic Shi Ji, the only great historical works I had been exposed to were Homer’s epic poems. A．Prior to B．Due to C．In addition to D．Contrary to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在经典著作《史记》之前，我所接触过的唯一伟大的历史作品，就是荷马的史诗诗篇。A. prior to在……之前；B. due to由于；C. in addition to除……之外)；D. contrary to与……相反。空格为句子的状语，定语从句中谓语had been exposed to使用了过去完成时态，此处表示作者读荷马的史诗早于读《史记》。 13．______ the fact that he had not prepared well, he managed to pass the exam ______ only two points. A．In spite of; by B．Regardless of; with C．Despite; in D．Though; on 【答案】A 【详解】句意：尽管他没有准备好，他还是设法以仅仅两分之差通过了考试。A. In spite of尽管；by相差；B. Regardless of不管；with带有；C. Despite尽管；in在……里；D. Though虽然；on在……上。第一空后接名词短语the fact，表示“尽管”，应用介词短语in spite of或介词despite，though是连词，通常后接句子；第二空表示“以……的差距”，应用介词by。 一、单项选择 1．The sudden change in weather caught us ________ surprise, and we were left completely unprepared ________ the heavy rain. A．by; for B．in; to C．with; against D．at; with 【答案】A 【详解】句意：天气骤变让我们猝不及防，我们完全没做好应对大雨的准备。分析句子结构可知，第一空考查固定搭配catch sb.by surprise，表“使某人猝不及防”，第二空考查be unprepared for，表“未做好……的准备”，两组搭配均符合语境。 2．They set sail in the morning and made it ________a small town before dark, ________they had a good rest. A．for; which B．to; where C．in; that D．at; when 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他们早上起航，在天黑前到达了一个小镇，在那里他们好好休息了一番。第一空，make it to…是固定搭配，意为“成功抵达、赶到……”，第一空填to。第二空，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是a small town，在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。 3．________ their busy part-time jobs, the college students organized a weekend book donation for kids. A．Unless B．Thus C．Therefore D．Despite 【答案】D 【详解】考查介词。句意：尽管有繁忙的兼职工作，大学生们还是组织了周末为孩子们捐书的活动。根据句意可知，此处为介词Despite意为“尽管，虽然”，后面接名词、代词或动名词，表示让步关系。在本题中“their busy part-time jobs”是名词短语，“尽管大学生们有繁忙的兼职工作，但他们为孩子们组织了一场周末图书捐赠活动”，存在让步关系。Unless是连词，意思是“除非，如果不”，引导条件状语从句。“Thus”是副词，意为“因此，这样”，表示结果。“Therefore”也是副词，意思是“因此，所以”，同样表示结果，均不符合。故选D项。 4．The solution _________ the pollution problem is that we should stop the factories _________ harmful chemicals into the river. A．of; releasing B．for; to release C．to; from releasing D．in; to release 【答案】C 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：解决污染问题的办法是我们应该阻止工厂向河里排放有害化学物质。第一空，the solution to...为固定搭配，表示“……的解决办法”；第二空，stop...from doing...为固定搭配，表示“阻止……做……”，其中from可以省略。故选C。 5．The Space Day of China falls ______ April 24 every year. A．at B．in C．on D．for 【答案】C 【详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：中国航天日定在每年的4月24日。A. at通常用于表示具体的时间点；B. in用于表示在一段时间内，如年、月、季节等；C. on用于表示具体的某一天；D. for表示一段时间的持续。本题中“April 24 every year”指的是每年具体的4月24日这一天，所以要用介词on；fall on“落在某个日期上”。故选C项。 6．I was grateful ____ the man ______his help. A．to; of. B．to; for C．with; to D．to; about 【答案】B 【详解】考查介词。句意：我对那位男士的帮助心怀感激。be grateful to somebody for something“因某事感谢某人”是固定搭配。故选B项。 7．Competition is healthy for the society, but pushing it too far ________ mental illness. A．results from B．as a result C．as a result of D．results in 【答案】D 【详解】考查短语词义辨析。句意：竞争对社会的健康发展有益，但过于激烈会导致精神疾病。A. results from由……导致；B. as a result结果；C. as a result of作为……的结果；D. results in导致。根据“pushing it too far ”可知，过于激烈导致精神疾病，故选D。 8．The smell of fresh coffee always ______ me ______ my grandmother’s kitchen. A．reminds; to B．reminds; of C．reminds; about D．reminds; with 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语、介词。句意：新鲜咖啡的香气总是让我想起祖母的厨房。remind sb of sth是固定短语，表示“使某人想起某事”。故选B项。 9．It is not uncommon________ problems of communication ________ between generations. A．as; arise B．for; to arise C．of; rising D．with; rise 【答案】B 【详解】考查介词和非谓语动词。句意：代际间出现交流问题并不罕见。It is + adj. + for sb./sth. + to do sth.对于某人/某物来说，做某事是……的，句中it作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。故选B。 10．The virtual choir was the idea ________ award-winning composer and conductor Eric Whitacre. A．at B．in C．of D．from 【答案】C 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：虚拟唱诗班是屡获殊荣的作曲家和指挥家埃里克·惠塔克的主意。“the idea of...” 是固定搭配，意为“……的想法”，这里表示虚拟合唱团是获奖作曲家和指挥家埃里克・惠塔克的想法，所以用介词of。其他选项at、in、from均不能与“the idea”构成合适的搭配来表达此含义。故选C项。 11．All the students went on a school trip ______ Tom because he was ill. A．besides B．beside C．expect D．except 【答案】D 【详解】考查介词/动词词义辨析。句意：因为汤姆病了，除了他，所有学生都参加了学校旅行。A. besides “除了……之外（还有）”；B. beside “在……旁边”； C. expect 是动词，意为“期望”； D. except 表示“除了……（不包括）”；句中“Tom was ill”说明他没去，except 表示“除了……（不包括）”，强调排除，因此用 except 表示“除汤姆外（其他人都去了）”。故选D。 12．________ the unpleasant weather, many people in the city went out to see the holiday parade in the street. A．Even if B．Although C．In spite of D．Unless 【答案】C 【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：尽管天气不好，城里的许多人还是出去看街上的节日游行。A. Even if尽管；B. Although虽然；C. In spite of尽管；D. Unless除非。根据句意，表示“虽然，尽管”可以使用A，B，C三个选项，同时空白处后面是名词短语，所以应该选择可以接名词短语的介词短语in spite of。故选C。 13．The new policy will, ________ a large extent, reshape the economic structure of the region. A．in B．with C．at D．to 【答案】D 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：新政策将在很大程度上重塑该地区的经济结构。根据句意可知，此处为固定短语“to a large extent”，意为“在很大程度上”，满足句意要求。故选D项。 14．In China, people are enthusiastic ________ innovation. A．for B．about C．with D．on 【答案】B 【详解】考查介词。句意：在中国，人们热衷于创新。A. for为了；B. about关于；C. with和；D. on在……上。分析句子可知，这里考查be enthusiastic about，表“对……充满热情；热衷于”，为固定搭配。故选B项。 15．Parents are responsible___________ installing the child safety seat in their cars. A．with B．at C．for D．in 【答案】C 【详解】考查介词。句意：父母有责任在他们的车上安装儿童安全座椅。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语“be responsible for”，意为“对…… 负责”，满足句意要求。故选C项。 二、单句语法填空 1．The sharing economy is subject abuse of trust. 【答案】to 【详解】句意：共享经济容易受到信任滥用的影响。be subject to是固定短语，意为“易受……影响的；常遭受……的”。 2．I hope that this talk has given you some insight the kind of the work that we’ve been doing. 【答案】into 【详解】句意：希望本次演讲能让您对我们一直在从事的工作有所了解。insight into是固定搭配，意为“对……的洞察/了解”，所以此处使用介词into。 3．But your advice, I would be lost. 【答案】for 【详解】句意：要不是你的建议，我现在就会不知所措。would be lost是虚拟语气的标志，表达与现在事实相反的假设，but for是固定短语，意为“要不是，如果没有”，后接名词性成分，可用来引出虚拟语气的假设条件。 4．The sound of the stream lingered the valley long after we left. (填入适当的介词) 【答案】in 【详解】句意：在我们离开很久之后，溪流的声音仍在山谷中回荡。in the valley是固定短语，意为“在山谷中”，要填介词in。 5．As the cost, we need to discuss it further before making a decision. 【答案】to/for 【详解】句意：至于费用问题，我们需要进一步讨论之后再做决定。as to/as for是固定短语，表示“至于，关于”，所以此处使用介词to/for。 6．These words of Dr Lin give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and what carried her a life of hard choices. 【答案】through 【详解】句意：林医生的这番话让我们得以一窥这位非凡女性的内心世界，以及是什么支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。空格处需填入一个介词与动词 carried 搭配，并接宾语 a life of hard choices。carry...through...意为“使渡过难关、支撑……度过（困难时期等）”。 7． your care, he wouldn’t recover. 【答案】Without 【详解】句意：没有你的照顾，他根本无法康复。句子后半句he wouldn’t recover是虚拟语气结构，用介词Without（意为“如果没有”）可以构成隐含的虚拟条件。 8．If you come across a topic you are familiar , you can think about what you already know about it before you listen. 【答案】with 【详解】句意：如果你遇到一个熟悉的话题，在听之前可以先想想你已经了解的内容。句中sb be familiar with sth为固定短语，意为“某人对某事熟悉”。 9． from English, he also studies French. 【答案】Aside 【详解】句意：除了英语之外，他还学习法语。此空考查固定短语aside from，表示“除……之外（还有）”，放在句首首字母大写，所以应填Aside。 10．The grown-ups’ response was to advise me to lay aside my drawings, whether the inside or the outside. 【答案】from 【详解】句意：这一次，大人们的反应是劝我不要再画蟒蛇了——不管是画他的内里还是外观。whether...or...表示“不管……还是……”，空处需要介词from与后面的the inside和the outside构成并列的介词短语，whether from the inside or the outside意为“不管是从内在还是外在角度（来看）”。 11．Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can put almost every word her teacher says. 【答案】down 【详解】句意：玛丽上课特别擅长记笔记。她几乎能把老师说的每一句话都记下来。根据第一句句意可知，玛丽擅长记笔记，又根据空后“almost every word her teacher says”可知，此处应表示她能“记下”老师所说内容，动词短语put down，意为“写下，记下”，空处应填down。 12． I often concentrate so much on what I’m doing that I may have a hard time dealing with things that come unexpectedly. 【答案】up 【详解】句意：我常常过于专注于自己正在做的事情，以至于难以应对那些突然出现的状况。此处为固定短语come up“突然出现，发生”。 13．The boy fell off a truck and the doctor began to operate the boy. 【答案】on 【详解】句意：男孩从卡车上摔了下来，医生开始为这个男孩做手术。此处为固定搭配operate on sb表示“给某人做手术”，所以此处为介词on。 14．Let us know if you come anywhere that has something special to offer. 【答案】across 【详解】句意：如果你遇到任何有特别之处的地方，请告诉我们。come across“（偶然）遇见”。 15．After staring at the broken bike for 20 minutes, she finally figured why the chain wouldn’t move. 【答案】out 【详解】句意：盯着那辆坏自行车看了20分钟后，她终于弄明白了为什么链条不会动。结合why the chain wouldn’t move可知，此处表示她弄明白了为什么链条不会动，figure out是固定短语，意为“弄清楚，弄明白”。 一、阅读理解 A Nature and Wildlife Photography Competition BWPA If you have any wonderful nature images taken in the United Kingdom, you can check out the British Wildlife Photography Awards (BWPA). This nature photo competition is free to enter and celebrates British natural history through several categories that include animal behavior, habitat, urban wildlife, and wild woods. The overall winner gets £5,000 in cash. BPOTY Are you a fan of birds? Then, check out the Bird Photographer of the Year (BPOTY) competition. There are eight different categories to enter. Entry credits are charged at a rate of £10 for one entry, £15 for five entries, £25 for 10 entries, £40 for 20 entries, £50 for 30 entries, or £60 for 50 entries. The title winner gets £5,000. WNPA The World Nature Photography Awards (WNPA) aims to use photography as a tool for change. The entry fee is £30 per entry, and you can submit six images. The winner gets a prize of £1,000. WMPA will plant a tree for every entry, so your entry fee will go to a good cause. NWPC The National Wildlife Photo Contest (NWPC) is a long-running competition with nine categories to enter. You can buy different entry packages from $20 for 10, and $25 for 15 photos. The grand winner gets $5,000. In addition, some selected images will also be published in the National Wildlife magazine. 1．How is BWPA different from the other three competition? A．It will plant a tree for every entry. B．It has more than ten categories. C．Its entries have to be taken in the UK. D．Its overall winner gets £1,000 in cash. 2．What is BPOTY’s entry fee for 10 photos? A．£ 15. B．£ 25. C．£ 40. D．£ 50. 3．What is the goal of WNPA? A．To use photography as a tool for change. B．To celebrate British natural history. C．To check if you are a fan of birds. D．To have long-running competitions. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 【导语】本文为一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个自然和野生动物摄影比赛。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据文章中BWPA的介绍中“If you have any wonderful nature images taken in the United Kingdom, you can check out the British Wildlife Photography Awards (BWPA). (如果你有在英国拍摄的精彩自然照片，你可以看看英国野生动物摄影奖。)”可知，BWPA的参赛作品必须在英国拍摄的。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据BPOTY中“Entry credits are charged at a rate of £10 for one entry, £15 for five entries, £25 for 10 entries, £40 for 20 entries, £50 for 30 entries, or £60 for 50 entries. (参赛积分的收费标准为一次10英镑，5次15英镑，10次25英镑，20次40英镑，30次50英镑，50次60英镑。)”可知，10张照片的报名费为25英镑。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章WNPA中“The World Nature Photography Awards (WNPA) aims to use photography as a tool for change. (世界自然摄影奖(WNPA)旨在将摄影作为变革的工具。)”可知，WNPA的目标是将摄影作为变革的工具。故选A。 B One of the most beautiful signs of summer here in the mountains of my home isn’t the flowers, or the trees or the early morning sunrises. It is instead the return of the work camps. These are week-long trips that voluntary groups make into our area to help people to make home repairs that they couldn’t afford to do themselves. They are mostly kind-hearted teenagers giving up part of their summer vacation. They are always supervised (指导), though, by experienced builders who know what they are doing. It always brings a smile to my face and a joy to my heart to see them out there in the hot summer sun working to help those who need it most, with their only pay being the love in their hearts. I remember watching one group building a new set of steps for a front porch (门廊) one year. It was 5 teenagers being supervised by one adult. What got me the most was listening to him encouraging them. I lost count of how many times he said, “Good job” or “Doing good” to them. There was one girl, however, who obviously had never held a hammer (锤子) before. She bent 3 nails in a row working on one board. Finally the man knelt down beside her and instead of criticizing her, gave her a ten-minute tutorial on how to hammer a nail. When he was done, she tried again with a weak smile on her face and drove the nail in like an expert carpenter. The man looked down at her work and said, “Doing good!” once again. Yes! They truly are doing good in this world. For every act of kindness there are a million kind acts. And I see those acts of kindness, those acts of goodness, and those acts of love every time I see one of these work camps helping those in need. May we all learn from their example. 4．Why do work camps come to the mountains annually? A．To seek for volunteers. B．To enjoy summer scenery. C．To do some maintenance work. D．To train teenagers to construct. 5．What is the role of the experienced builders? A．Inspiring the teenagers. B．Guiding teenagers’ work. C．Monitoring the teenagers. D．Giving praises to the teenagers. 6．What can we know about the girl? A．She was impatient. B．She was a slow learner. C．She always made mistakes. D．She was a green hand. 7．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Doing Good and Being Kind B．Enjoying the Summer Scenery C．Witnessing Summer Camps D．Discovering Teenager Builders 【答案】4．C 5．B 6．D 7．A 【导语】文章讲述了由青少年组成的“工作营”利用暑假帮助山区居民修缮房屋的故事。 【详解】4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“to help people to make home repairs that they couldn’t afford to do themselves.(帮助人们进行他们自己负担不起的房屋维修)”可知，工作营来到山区是为了帮助当地人修缮房屋。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“They are always supervised (指导), though, by experienced builders who know what they are doing.(不过，他们总是在经验丰富的建筑工人的指导下开展工作)”可知，有经验的建筑工人的主要角色是指导青少年志愿者的工作。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段中“There was one girl, however, who obviously had never held a hammer before.(然而，有一个女孩显然以前从未拿过锤子)”可知，这个女孩完全没有经验，是一个新手。 7．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了由青少年组成的“工作营”利用暑假帮助山区居民修缮房屋的故事，并在最后一段总结升华：“They truly are doing good in this world. For every act of kindness there are a million kind acts.(他们真的在这个世界上做好事。每一个善举背后都有成千上万的善举)”，因此，Doing Good and Being Kind(行善与友善)最能概括文章的核心主旨，适合作标题。 C Our preference for this or that kind of music is obviously a subjective matter. It can also be highly unstable, changing not only over a lifetime, but also from month to month or even day to day. Yet despite such variety, there are some factors that I think are the main contributors. The first is how we were brought up, or the musical background which surrounded us in our formative years (性格形成时期). The kinds of music that we were exposed to when we were small helped to create very specific mental patterns. However, even the most stable musical pattern can be changed by socio-cultural concerns, and these form the second contribution to our musical preferences. Music, probably from the very beginning of the existence of modern humans, has been used to bring people together in various kinds of activities, because it is really efficient at regulating (调节) the bodily and emotional responses of large groups of participants. Whether you’re into heavy metal, or hip hop, or jazz, your preferences are guided in part by your desire to be a member of some social circle. These two factors seem to suggest that musical preferences are formed unconsciously (无意识地), without the listener being aware of it, but this is obviously not the case. Nothing is likely to be more important than our own subjective feeling at the time of listening. Especially today, with nearly unlimited access to all styles of music, we use music as a tool for regulating our emotions and moods. This is why when you want to study you might reach for something simple, without words. Or when you’re trying to relax before bed you’ll probably listen to something calming. They point to the fantastic power of music in our lives. 8．What is the function of paragraph 1? A．To answer a question. B．To lead into the topic. C．To list a few reasons. D．To make comparisons. 9．How many factors that affect musical preferences are mentioned in the passage? A．Three. B．Two. C．Four. D．Five. 10．What can the music in a group do? A．It can make people famous. B．It can make people calm down. C．It can bring people together. D．It can create specific mental patterns. 11．What could be inferred from paragraph 4? A．While reading, people are more likely to prefer rap music. B．Preferences for music are totally decided by uncontrolled factors. C．Musical preferences are formed unconsciously. D．Personal feelings matter in people’s musical preferences. 【答案】8．B 9．A 10．C 11．D 【导语】文章主要介绍影响人们音乐偏好的三个因素：成长环境与早年接触的音乐、社会文化因素以及聆听音乐时自身的主观感受，说明音乐喜好虽然主观多变，但受这几方面因素共同作用。 【详解】8．推理判断题。根据原文第一段“Our preference for this or that kind of music is obviously a subjective matter.(我们对这种或那种音乐的喜好显然是一件主观的事情。)”可知，第一段先提出人们的音乐喜好具有主观性、不稳定的特点，进而引出下文要介绍的影响音乐偏好的因素，起到引入话题的作用。 9．细节理解题。根据原文第二段“The first is how we were brought up, or the musical background which surrounded us in our formative years.(第一个因素是我们的成长方式，也就是在性格形成时期环绕我们的音乐环境。)”、原文第三段“However, even the most stable musical pattern can be changed by socio-cultural concerns, and these form the second contribution to our musical preferences.(然而，即便是最稳定的音乐模式也会受到社会文化因素的改变，这些是影响我们音乐偏好的第二个因素。)”以及原文第四段“Nothing is likely to be more important than our own subjective feeling at the time of listening.(没有什么会比我们聆听音乐时自身的主观感受更重要。)”可知，文中一共提到了三个影响音乐偏好的因素。 10．细节理解题。根据原文第三段“Music, probably from the very beginning of the existence of modern humans, has been used to bring people together in various kinds of activities, because it is really efficient at regulating the bodily and emotional responses of large groups of participants.(或许从现代人类诞生之初，音乐就被用于在各类活动中将人们凝聚在一起，因为它能有效地调节大批参与者的身体与情绪反应。)”可知，群体中的音乐能够把人们凝聚在一起。 11．推理判断题。根据原文第四段“Nothing is likely to be more important than our own subjective feeling at the time of listening.(没有什么会比我们聆听音乐时自身的主观感受更重要。)”可知，个人感受在人们的音乐偏好中起到重要作用。 D Cooking is more than just a task we perform in the kitchen. 12 . Here we will explore the advantages of cooking at home and how it enriches our lives. Perhaps the main reason to cook is its direct impact on our health. Cooking allows us to carefully control the ingredients that enter our bodies. 13 . This leads to a healthier diet, which can help lower the risk of many diseases. Additionally, cooking makes it easy to meet personal dietary needs and preferences, ensuring everyone enjoys their meals. 14 . Recipes (食谱) passed down through generations are more than just a list of ingredients. They are stories, memories, and a connection to our heritage. Preparing traditional dishes allows us to connect with our roots (根源) and celebrate our cultural identity. In this way, every meal can serve as a bridge to the past. Cooking is an effective way of saving money. Eating out or buying pre-packaged meals usually costs a lot of money. 15 By planning meals, buying a lot of basic ingredients at once, and using leftovers cleverly, you can spend less on food and save money for more important things. Our food choices also have a significant impact on the environment. By cooking at home, we can make better decisions about the sustainability (可持续性) of our food sources. We can choose local, seasonal ingredients, reducing our carbon footprint. Cooking also allows us to reduce food waste by repurposing (再利用) leftovers. 16 A．Food has the power to bring people together. B．It allows us to feed both our minds and bodies. C．It is a powerful process that brings many benefits to us. D．However, cooking at home offers significant cost savings. E．Cooking is also deeply connected with culture and tradition. F．We can avoid unhealthy ingredients found in processed foods. G．These practices enable us to play a part in creating a greener planet. 【答案】12．C 13．F 14．E 15．D 16．G 【导语】文章介绍了在家做饭的好处以及它如何丰富我们的生活。 【详解】12．根据上文“Cooking is more than just a task we perform in the kitchen.(烹饪不仅仅是我们在厨房里做的一件任务。)”和下文“Here we will explore the advantages of cooking at home and how it enriches our lives.(接下来我们将探讨在家做饭的好处，以及它如何丰富我们的生活。)”可知，上文否定做饭只是普通家务，下文引出要讲做饭的诸多优点。C选项“It is a powerful process that brings many benefits to us.(它是一个能给我们带来诸多益处的有意义过程。)”起到承上启下的过渡作用，衔接“不只是任务”和“有很多好处”。 13．根据上文“Cooking allows us to carefully control the ingredients that enter our bodies.( 烹饪能让我们精心把控摄入体内的食材。)”和下文“This leads to a healthier diet, which can help lower the risk of many diseases.(这能让我们拥有更健康的饮食，有助于降低多种疾病的患病风险。)”可知，上文说可以自主把控食材，下文讲结果是饮食更健康。F选项“We can avoid unhealthy ingredients found in processed foods.(我们可以避开加工食品中不健康的配料。)”承接“控制食材”，解释怎么实现健康饮食，下文中代词This 指代F选项内容，符合语境。 14．空处为段落主题句。根据下文“Recipes (食谱) passed down through generations are more than just a list of ingredients. They are stories, memories, and a connection to our heritage. Preparing traditional dishes allows us to connect with our roots (根源) and celebrate our cultural identity. In this way, every meal can serve as a bridge to the past.(代代相传的食谱绝不只是一份食材清单。它们承载着故事、回忆，更是我们与文化传承的纽带。制作传统美食能让我们追溯根源、彰显文化身份。就这样，每一餐都能成为连接过往的桥梁。)”可知，本段整段都在讲烹饪与文化、传统、家族传承的关系。E选项“Cooking is also deeply connected with culture and tradition.(烹饪也与文化和传统紧密相连。)”为本段总起，概括全段主旨，引出下文对传统食谱、文化根源的论述。 15．根据上文“Eating out or buying pre-packaged meals usually costs a lot of money.(外出就餐或购买预制食品通常花费很高。)”和下文“By planning meals, buying a lot of basic ingredients at once, and using leftovers cleverly, you can spend less on food and save money for more important things.(通过合理规划三餐、一次性批量采购基础食材、巧妙利用剩菜，你就能在饮食上减少开支，把钱省下来用在更重要的事情上。)”可知，上文说外面吃饭贵，下文说在家做饭省钱，上下文是转折对比关系。D选项“However, cooking at home offers significant cost savings.(然而，在家做饭能省下一大笔开销。)”中However表示转折，衔接“外出吃饭贵” 和“在家做饭省钱”。 16．根据上文“We can choose local, seasonal ingredients, reducing our carbon footprint. Cooking also allows us to reduce food waste by repurposing (再利用) leftovers.(我们可以选用本地、时令食材，减少碳足迹。烹饪还能通过二次利用剩菜，减少食物浪费。)”可知，上文列举了在家做饭的各种环保做法，尾句需要总结升华这些做法的意义。G选项“These practices enable us to play a part in creating a greener planet.(这些做法让我们能为打造绿色地球出一份力。)”中These practices指代上文所有环保行为，收尾总结本段环保主题。 二、完形填空 Last week, Tom and his mother went to a restaurant to celebrate his fifth birthday. When he and his mother were talking there, a waitress 17 curiously from a distance. Eventually, the waitress realized that the mum was talking in sign language to her little boy who also had 18 aids in his ears. When the waitress 19 that it was Tom’s birthday, she decided to give the boy a special gift. She went to the Internet and 20 how to say “happy birthday” in sign language. She quickly got all the rules down. Then, she went up to Tom’s table and 21 to him, “Happy birthday to you!” Tom and his mother were really 22 . Later, Tom’s mum said this was the first time he had 23 in sign language with people other than her and his teacher. It was a simple 24 but it was an important gift for Tom. She added that the 25 from the waitress made her very moved. “Thanks to the 26 waitress, his fifth birthday is one that we will 27 for a lifetime,” the mum said. “My boy was always worried that he would appear very 28 when he was talking in sign language. Today, he saw that someone 29 tried to talk to him in his 30 language. It’s very 31 for him.” 17．A．watched B．concluded C．sang D．commented 18．A．speaking B．hearing C．reading D．walking 19．A．imagined B．expected C．learned D．admitted 20．A．went with B．reflected on C．looked up D．adjusted to 21．A．whispered B．shouted C．pretended D．signed 22．A．impressed B．confused C．hurt D．frightened 23．A．settled B．talked C．taught D．studied 24．A．phrase B．truth C．promise D．signal 25．A．explanation B．benefit C．apology D．gift 26．A．clever B．kind C．impatient D．silly 27．A．remember B．enjoy C．celebrate D．work 28．A．excited B．cool C．funny D．noisy 29．A．suddenly B．shyly C．actually D．angrily 30．A．official B．secret C．formal D．special 31．A．useless B．important C．free D．difficult 【答案】 17．A 18．B 19．C 20．C 21．D 22．A 23．B 24．A 25．D 26．B 27．A 28．C 29．C 30．D 31．B 【导语】本文讲述了一位好心的餐馆服务员为了给有听力障碍的五岁男孩Tom一个特殊的生日祝福而临时学习手语的故事。 【详解】17．考查动词。句意：当他和母亲在那里谈话时，一个女服务员在远处好奇地观察着。A. watched观察；B. concluded总结；C. sang唱；D. commented评论。根据下文“Eventually, the waitress realized that the mum was talking in sign language to her little boy who also had ________ aids in his ears.”可知，Tom听力有障碍，不能用正常的语言交流，所以用手语和母亲交谈，服务员很好奇地观察他们。 18．考查动词。句意：最后，女服务员意识到这位母亲是在用手语和她的小儿子说话，而他的耳朵上也戴着助听器。A. speaking说话；B. hearing听力；C. reading阅读；D. walking走路。根据前文“sign language”和后文“in his ears”可知，Tom用手语交流，耳朵里戴有助听器。 19．考查动词。句意：当女服务员得知今天是汤姆的生日时，她决定给这个男孩一份特别的礼物。A. imagined想象；B. expected预期；C. learned得知；D. admitted承认。根据第一段中“Last week, Tom and his mother went to a restaurant to celebrate his fifth birthday.”可知，女服务员得知那天是Tom的生日，所以决定给他一份礼物。 20．考查动词短语。句意：她上网查找如何用手语说“生日快乐”。A. went with与……相配；B. reflected on反思；C. looked up查找；D. adjusted to调整到。根据下一句“She quickly got all the rules down.”可知，女服务员上网学习手语，查找并记住了“生日快乐”的手语表达。 21．考查动词。句意：然后，她走到汤姆的桌子前，用手势对他说：“祝你生日快乐！”A. whispered低语；B. shouted大喊；C. pretended假装；D. signed打手语。根据上文“She went to the Internet and ________ how to say “happy birthday” in sign language.”可知，因为Tom用手语和人交流，女服务员来到Tom的桌前用手语祝福对方生日快乐。 22．考查形容词。句意：汤姆和他的母亲对此印象深刻。A. impressed印象深刻的；B. confused困惑的；C. hurt受伤的；D. frightened害怕的。根据下文“Later, Tom’s mum said this was the first time he had ________ in sign language with people other than her and his teacher.”可知，用手语和Tom交流的人只有老师和母亲，第一次有其他人用手语和Tom交流，还祝福Tom生日快乐，所以母子俩人对此印象深刻。 23．考查动词。句意：后来，汤姆的妈妈说，这是他第一次和除了她和老师之外的人用手语交谈。A. settled定居；B. talked谈话；C. taught教；D. studied学习。根据后文“in sign language with people”可知，此处表示用手语与他人交谈。 24．考查连词。句意：这是一个简单的短语，但对汤姆来说却是一份重要的礼物。A. phrase短语；B. truth真相；C. promise承诺；D. signal信号。根据上文“Happy birthday to you!”可知，对于Tom来说，这只是一个简单的手语短语，但却是十分重要的礼物。 25．考查名词。句意：她补充说，服务员送的礼物让她很感动。A. explanation解释；B. benefit好处；C. apology道歉；D. gift礼物。根据上文“but it was an important gift for Tom”可知，此处为gift的复现。 26．考查形容词。句意：“多亏了这位好心的服务员，他的五岁生日是我们一辈子都会记得的，”这位母亲说。A. clever聪明的；B. kind好心的；C. impatient不耐烦的；D. silly愚蠢的。根据上文“When the waitress ________ that it was Tom’s birthday, she decided to give the boy a special gift.”可知，女服务员得知有听力障碍的Tom过生日，特意学习手语祝他“生日快乐”，她是一个好心人。 27．考查动词。句意：“多亏了这位好心的服务员，他的五岁生日是我们一辈子都会记得的，”这位母亲说。A. remember记得；B. enjoy享受；C. celebrate庆祝；D. work工作。根据上文“Tom and his mother were really ________ ”以及本句中的for a lifetime可知，Tom在五岁生日时接收到的这份祝福将是母子俩一辈子都会记得的美好经历。 28．考查形容词。句意：我儿子总是担心自己用手语说话时会显得很滑稽。A. excited兴奋的；B. cool酷的；C. funny滑稽的；D. noisy吵闹的。根据上文“My boy was always worried”可知，Tom害怕和其他人用手语交流会显得滑稽，这是令他担心的事。 29．考查副词。句意：今天，他看到有人竟然试图用他的特殊语言和他说话。A. suddenly突然；B. shyly害羞地；C. actually竟然；D. angrily生气地。根据上文“My boy was always worried that he would appear very ____ when he was talking in sign language.”和下文“tried to talk to him in his  ____ language.”可知，表示想法与事实不一致因而惊奇，可用actually表达，意为“竟然”。 30．考查形容词。句意：今天，他看到有人竟然试图用他的特殊语言和他说话。A. official官方的；B. secret秘密的；C. formal正式的；D. special特殊的。结合上文的“tried to talk to him”和下文的“language”可知，Tom用手语交流，是特殊的语言。 31．考查形容词。句意：这对他来说非常重要。A. useless无用的；B. important重要的；C. free免费的；D. difficult困难的。根据上文“Today, he saw that someone ____ tried to talk to him in his ____ language.”可知，Tom一直觉得用手语交流是滑稽的，直到有人和他用手语交流，这件事对他来说十分重要。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 An international large-scale scientific initiative, the Plant Planet Project, jointly 32 (launch) by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) and 49 domestic and international institutions, was 33 (official) presented in Beijing on Wednesday. By integrating artificial intelligence algorithms (算法) and models, it aims to decode the genetic blueprints of major terrestrial plant lineages (陆生植物谱系) 34 map a complete tree of life for plants, addressing global challenges such as food 35 (secure), biodiversity conservation, new drug discovery, and sustainable development. According to Wang Li, a principal investigator of the project and a researcher at the Shenzhen Institute of Agricultural Genomics of CAAS, plants 36 (evolve) into an extraordinary diversity of forms over billions of years. However, 37 (connect) and incomplete genomic (基因组的) data have left many key evolutionary relationships unresolved. Wang said the initiative seeks to fill these gaps by sampling plant orders and families 38 currently lack reference genomes, fundamentally clarifying the evolutionary relationships and branching timelines among all major plant groups 39 (construct) a complete plant tree of life. Also, the Plant Planet Project 40 (expect) to enhance global ecological capacity for biodiversity conservation and carbon neutrality, while developing 41 new framework for international collaboration on major scientific challenges in plant science. 【答案】 32．launched 33．officially 34．and 35．security 36．have evolved 37．disconnected 38．that/which 39．to construct 40．is expected 41．a 【导语】本文介绍了植物星球项目在北京正式发布的相关情况。 【详解】32．考查非谓语动词。句意：由中国农业科学院与国内外49家机构联合发起的大型国际科学项目“植物星球计划”，于周三在北京正式发布。动词launch与其逻辑主语the Plant Planet Project之间是被动关系，应用过去分词launched作后置定语，意为“被发起的”。 33．考查副词。句意同上。空处修饰动词presented，应用副词officially作状语，意为“正式地”。 34．考查连词。句意：通过整合人工智能算法和模型，该项目旨在解码主要陆生植物谱系的遗传蓝图，并绘制完整的植物生命之树，以应对粮食安全、生物多样性保护、新药发现和可持续发展等全球挑战。空处连接decode和map两个并列的动词不定式短语，应用并列连词and。 35．考查名词。句意同上。food security是固定搭配，意为“粮食安全”，作宾语，security在此为不可数名词。 36．考查动词时态。句意：据该项目首席研究员、中国农科院深圳农业基因组研究所研究员王丽介绍，植物在数十亿年间进化出了极其多样的形态。根据时间状语over billions of years可知，动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时；主语plants是复数，助动词用have。 37．考查形容词。句意：然而，零散且不完整的基因组数据导致许多关键的进化关系尚未得到解决。空处与incomplete并列作定语修饰genomic data，应用形容词disconnected，意为“零散的，不连贯的”。 38．考查定语从句。句意：王丽表示，该计划旨在通过对目前缺乏参考基因组的植物目、科进行采样来填补这些空白，从根本上阐明所有主要植物类群之间的进化关系和分支时间线，从而构建完整的植物生命之树。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词plant orders and families，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which。 39．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。空处作目的状语，表示“为了构建”，应用动词不定式to construct。 40．考查动词时态语态及主谓一致。句意：此外，“植物星球计划”预计将增强全球在生物多样性保护和碳中和方面的生态能力，同时为植物科学重大挑战的国际合作开发一个新框架。句子描述当前的客观预期，应用一般现在时，主语the Plant Planet Project与expect构成被动关系，主语是单数，be动词用is，be expected to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“预计做某事”。 41．考查冠词。句意同上。framework为可数名词，此处泛指“一个新框架”，且new是发音以辅音音素开头的词，应用不定冠词a。 四、书信写作 42．假定你是李华，你校的英语报要增设一个栏目。外教John提出“Career Plan”和“National Security”两个选项供大家选择。请给John写一封邮件，内容包括： （1）你的选择； （2）说明理由。 注意： （1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； （3）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear John, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear John,     I’m writing to share my choice for the new column. I prefer “Career Plan.”     With fierce competition in society, many students feel confused about their future. This column not only helps us explore different professions, but also guides us to set clear goals. What we need most is practical advice on choosing majors and developing skills. I believe “Career Plan” will benefit more students. Only when we know where we are heading can we make the most of our high school years. I would appreciate it if you could consider my suggestion.                                                                                                                                                         Yours,                                                                                                                                                          Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以李华的身份给外教John写一封邮件，就校英语报新增栏目在“Career Plan”和“National Security”之间做出选择并说明理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 选择：choice → selection/option 不同的：different → various/diverse 职业：profession → career/occupation 充分利用：make the most of → take full advantage of 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：This column not only helps us explore different professions, but also guides us to set clear goals. 拓展句：Not only does this column help us explore different professions, but it also guides us to set clear goals. 【点睛】【高分句型1】What we need most is practical advice on choosing majors and developing skills. (运用了what引导的主语从句和动名词作宾语) 【高分句型2】Only when we know where we are heading can we make the most of our high school years. (运用了“only+when引导的时间状语从句”置于句首引起的部分倒装结构，将情态动词can提前至主语we之前，其中where引导宾语从句作know的宾语) 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $