学考专题08 并列连词：知识盘点+核心精讲+进阶训练（讲义，全国通用）2027年高中英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题08 并列连词 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 研|核心专题精讲 考点一 逻辑关系判断（and / but / or / so 的选用） 考点二 就近原则与就远原则 考点三 祈使句 + and / or 句式 练|巩固提升训练 本模块依据《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2025年修订）》对本专题在学考中的要求进行梳理，并结合近年全国各地学业水平考试命题实践作出趋势判断。 1.1 课标依据与学考层级要求 连词在课标附录 3“一、词类 → 8. 连词”中不带星号，与介词、冠词并列；“三、句法 → 9. 并列复合句”同样不带星号——两者都属于“义务教育阶段学习过、高中必修课程应该熟练掌握”的内容。这意味着并列连词全部是学考的合法考点，且命题重点不在“认识连词”，而在“判断前后两句的逻辑关系”。 板块 知识点 课标层级 学考具体要求 认知层次 常见题型 连词 and / but / or / so 的基本用法 必修 掌握四个基本并列连词的语义分工；能在语境中按逻辑关系选词 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 成对并列连词 必修 掌握 both ... and（谓语复数）、either ... or、neither ... nor、not only ... but also（后三者谓语就近） 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 转折与对比 必修 掌握 but、yet、while 的转折与对比用法；明确 however 是副词，不能连接句子 熟练掌握 单项选择、写作 因果表达 必修 掌握 so（结果）与 for（补充说明原因，不置句首）；明确 because 与 so 不可同时出现 熟练掌握 单项选择、写作 句法 主谓一致 必修 掌握就近原则与就远原则的适用连词；能据连接词判断谓语单复数 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 边界说明 祈使句 + and / or + 陈述句 教材常规 课标未单列，但属学考稳定考点；and 表顺承结果，or 表“否则”，陈述句用将来时 正确理解和使用 单项选择、语法填空 并列连词与从属连词的分界 必修 状语从句在“主从复合句”条目下不带星号；要求能区分并列连词（and、but、or、so、for）与从属连词（when、because、if、although） 熟练掌握 语法填空 连接性副词 however / therefore / otherwise 教材常规 课标未单列；明确它们是副词而非连词，不能连接两个句子 正确理解和使用 单项选择、写作 并列结构中的省略 必修 * 课标“三、句法 → 11. 省略”带一个星号，属必修；学考多见于比较结构与并列省略 正确理解 单项选择 not only 置于句首的部分倒装 选修（提高类）*** 倒装在课标中标注三个星号，学考不作要求；本讲义只作提示，不作训练 不作要求 — ★ 层级解读（务必先看这一条） ● 连词条目与并列复合句均不带星号，属“必修且应熟练掌握”层级——这是课标附录 3 中最基础的项目之一。学考对并列连词的要求是“判得准逻辑关系”，不是“背下词义”。 ● 三大主战场：一是逻辑关系判断（and / but / or / so 的选用，单选与语法填空都考）；二是主谓一致（就近与就远，单选必考）；三是不可共存的搭配（because 与 so、although 与 but，写作与改错必考）。 ● 连词与副词的分界是隐形考点。however、therefore、otherwise 是副词，连接不了两个句子；把它们当连词用，是写作中最常见的语法硬伤。 ● 倒装不在本专题范围。not only 置于句首引起的部分倒装在课标中标注为选修（提高类），学考不作硬性要求——本讲义只提示，不作展开训练。 ★ 易错提醒｜并列连词：汉语习惯是最大的敌人 并列连词看起来最简单，却是汉语负迁移最集中的一块。原因有三： 原因一：汉语成对使用，英语单用。汉语说“因为……所以”“虽然……但是”，英语里 because 与 so 不能同现、although 与 but 不能同现——这是写作与改错的第一大扣分点。 原因二：词性混淆。but 是连词可以直接连接分句，however 只是副词；so 是连词，therefore 只是副词。用错了，句子就成了“逗号拼接”run-on sentence。 原因三：谓语的单复数跟着连词走。either ... or、neither ... nor、not only ... but also 就近；as well as、with、rather than 就远。连词不同，谓语就不同，且方向相反。 本讲义的处理方式：按“五大语义关系 → and 家族 → or 家族 → but 家族 → so / for → 主谓一致 → 并列与从属分界”推进，每节配速查表、搭配禁忌与成对对照，目标是把这三处集中失分压到零。 1.2 学考与高考的考查差异 以浙江省为例，普通高中学业水平考试的外语科目使用教育部考试中心命题的高考英语全国卷，学考成绩与高考首考打通；其他省份虽组织形式不同，但语法项目的考查口径与全国卷高度一致，故以下分析对全国通用。 比较维度 高考英语全国卷 学考（以浙江等省为例） 对复习的启示 语法填空（无提示词） 连接词是必考空：空格前后各是一个句子时，必须填连词；2014 全国Ⅰ卷考 or（a few days or even a few months），2014 全国Ⅱ卷考 and（并列两个分句） 题型、赋分与全国卷一致 先数句子：前后各一句且无连词 → 必填连词 单项选择 and / but / or / so 的逻辑判断是最稳定的语法考点之一 把选项逐一代入，取逻辑最通顺者 最稳定考法 or 表“否则”与祈使句 + and / or 句式：You have to move out of the way or the truck cannot get past you. or 不只是“或者”，更是“否则” 第二稳定考法 while 表对比“而”（常被误认为只能作“当……时”的从属连词） 前文后文形成对照 → 想到 while 第三稳定考法 主谓一致：either ... or / not only ... but also 就近，as well as 就远 先找主语核心，再看连词属于哪一族 书面表达 because 与 so 同现、although 与 but 同现、however 当连词用，直接影响语言准确度得分 写作自查三件事：是否双连词、是否副词当连词、谓语是否一致 干扰项设计 多为“逻辑关系误判”“连词与副词混用”“就近就远颠倒”三类 错因高度集中，专项突破性价比极高 1.3 2027命题趋势观察与备考策略 1.3.1 近年各地学考与全国卷连词题的命题走向 ● 语法填空的连接词空长考不衰。典型真题： “But the river wasn't changed in a few days ______ even a few months”填 or（并列两个时间短语，表“或者”）； “There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ______ some of them looked very anxious”填 and（并列两个分句）。解题口诀：前后各一句，中间无连词，此空必填连词。 ● or 表“否则”是单选的经典陷阱。经典题例：You have to move out of the way or the truck cannot get past you.同义表达：or else、otherwise。 ● “祈使句 + and / or + 陈述句”句式稳定出现。经典题例：Bring the flowers into a warm room and they'll soon open.（顺承，用 and）／Bring the flowers into a warm room, or they'll soon die.（否则，用 or）。同一题干，and 与 or 表达的意思完全相反。 ● while 作并列连词表对比是高频。经典题例：At school, some students are active while some are shy.while 在此是并列连词，意为“而”，不是“当……时”。 ● 从属连词的判断也常在语法填空中出现。典型真题： “______ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces”填 As / When。判断依据：从句不能独立成句。 ● 主谓一致与连词捆绑考查。either ... or、not only ... but also 就近；as well as、together with、rather than 就远。谓语的形式反过来验证你选的连词对不对。 1.3.2 三条落地策略 策略 具体做法 对应解决的问题 先判逻辑关系 拿到连词题先把前后两部分各读一遍：并列递进 → and 家族；选择 → or 家族；转折 → but 家族；因果 → so / for；对比 → while 逻辑关系误判、and 与 or 错选 再查词性与搭配 but / so 是连词，however / therefore 是副词；because 与 so 不共存，although 与 but 不共存；祈使句后按“顺承用 and、否则用 or”处理 连词与副词混用、双连词错误 后定谓语单复数 就近族（either ... or、neither ... nor、not only ... but also、not ... but）往后看；就远族（as well as、with、together with、rather than）往前看；both ... and 永远复数 就近就远颠倒、谓语单复数错 2.1 并列连词五大语义关系与判断两问 语义关系 作用 常用连词（含成对连词） 课标层级 并列与递进 连接同等重要的内容，或后项更进一步 and、both ... and、not only ... but also、as well as、neither ... nor（否定并列） 必修 选择 在两者或数者中选取其一 or、either ... or、or else、otherwise 必修 转折 后项与前项意思相反或相对 but、yet、while（而）、whereas 必修 因果 前因后果，或前果后因 so（引出结果）、for（补充原因，前有逗号，不置句首） 必修 对比 前后两项形成对照 while、whereas（while 同时兼作从属连词，见 2.8 分界表） 必修 ★ 判断两问（做题按此顺序，答完即可定答案） 第一问：前后两部分是什么逻辑关系？并列递进 → and 家族；选择 → or 家族；转折 → but 家族；因果 → so / for；对比 → while。 第二问：连接的是不是“同等重要”的成分？是 → 并列连词；不是（一句从属于另一句）→ 从属连词（when、because、if、although 等，见 2.8）。 记忆主线：并列连词连接同等成分；汉语的“因为……所以”“虽然……但是”在英语里只能出现一个连词。 2.2 并列关系：and 家族 连词 含义 谓语规则 例句 and 和、并且、然后、于是 连接两个不同对象时谓语用复数；否定句中并列改用 or He came in and sat down. / I like tea and coffee. both ... and 两者都 谓语一律用复数 Both Tom and Jerry are students. not only ... but also 不但……而且 谓语就近（随 but also 后的名词） Not only the students but also the teacher likes the film. as well as 既……又；以及 谓语就远（随 as well as 前的名词），强调前者 The teacher as well as the students is here. neither ... nor 既不……也不 谓语就近；本身已否定，句中不可再加 not Neither the students nor the teacher knows the answer. not ... but 不是……而是 谓语就近（随 but 后的名词） Not the students but the teacher was late. and 的语义 说明 例句 并列 连接两个同等重要的成分 I like tea and coffee. 顺承（然后） 表示动作先后发生 He came in and sat down. 结果（于是） 前项是原因，后项是结果 It was raining, and we stayed at home. 连续、重复 两个相同成分连用表“渐渐”“一再” It rained and rained.（雨下个不停） 与祈使句连用 祈使句 + and + 陈述句＝ If 肯定条件句，陈述句用将来时 Work hard, and you will succeed.＝ If you work hard, you will succeed. ★ 易错提醒｜and 家族的三条铁律 铁律一：both ... and 谓语永远用复数。Both Tom and Jerry are students.（不受后面名词影响） 铁律二：not only ... but also、neither ... nor、either ... or、not ... but 谓语全部就近。Not only the students but also the teacher likes the film.（就近 teacher）｜Not the students but the teacher was late. 铁律三：as well as、with、together with、rather than 谓语就远。The teacher as well as the students is here.（就远 The teacher）｜Tom rather than his brothers is to blame. 附一条：neither ... nor 本身已是否定，句中不可再加 not。Neither he nor I am not going.（错误）→ Neither he nor I am going.（正确） 记忆口诀：both ... and 复数；其余成对连词就近；as well as 一族就远。 2.3 选择关系：or 家族 连词 含义 用法要点 例句 or 或者；否则；（否定句中）也不 疑问句、否定句中并列成分用 or，不用 and Which do you like, tea or coffee? / I don't like tea or coffee. either ... or 要么……要么 谓语就近；连接两个主语时位置可互换 Either you or he is wrong. / Either he or you are wrong. or else / otherwise 否则、要不然 otherwise 是副词，不能连接两个句子；or else 可直接连接 Hurry up, or else you will miss the bus. / Work hard. Otherwise, you will fail. whether ... or 无论……还是 属从属连词，引导让步或名词性成分，不属并列连词 Whether you go or stay, I will go there. 情形 用 and 还是 or 例句 肯定句中的并列 用 and I like tea and coffee. 否定句中的并列 改用 or（不用 and） I don't like tea or coffee. 疑问句中的选择 用 or Which do you like, tea or coffee? 含 no、never、hardly 等否定词的句子 改用 or He has no brothers or sisters. 祈使句之后 顺承用 and，“否则”用 or Hurry up, and you will catch the bus.（快点就能赶上）／Hurry up, or you will miss it.（快点，否则赶不上） ★ 易错提醒｜“祈使句 + and / or + 陈述句”：一个句式，两个相反的意思 祈使句 + and + 陈述句＝ If 肯定条件句：Work hard, and you will succeed.＝ If you work hard, you will succeed.（努力就会成功） 祈使句 + or + 陈述句＝ If 否定条件句：Hurry up, or you will be late.＝ If you don't hurry up, you will be late.（不快点就会迟到） 判断方法：看前后是“顺承”还是“相反”——顺承用 and，相反（否则）用 or；陈述句一律用将来时 will。 同义替换：or 在此可换成 or else、otherwise（otherwise 是副词，须用句号或分号：Work hard. Otherwise, you will fail.） 2.4 转折关系：but / yet / while / however 词 词性 用法要点 例句 but 并列连词 直接连接两个分句，前有逗号；不能与 although / though 连用 He is young, but he is wise. yet 并列连词 与 but 同义，语气更正式；可与 and 连用（and yet） He worked hard, yet he failed the exam. while 连词（兼类） 表对比“而”时接近并列；置于句首表“尽管”时是从属连词；表“当……时”也是从属连词 He likes sports, while his sister likes music. / While I like it, I can't afford it.（尽管） however 副词，不是连词 不能连接两个句子；须用句号或分号，且后面加逗号 He is young. However, he is wise. / He is young; however, he is wise. though 副词（句末） 置于句末表“不过”，前有逗号 He is young. He is wise, though. ★ 易错提醒｜两条不可违反的搭配禁忌 禁忌一：because 与 so 不能同时出现。Because it was raining, so we stayed home. → Because it was raining, we stayed home. 或 It was raining, so we stayed home. 禁忌二：although / though 与 but 不能同时出现。Although he is young, but he is wise. → Although he is young, he is wise. 或 He is young, but he is wise. 根本原因：英语的句子只需要一个连接词（连词或从属连词）；汉语习惯成对使用，这正是出错的源头。 附一条：but 是连词，however 是副词。but 可以直接连接两个分句；however 必须靠句号或分号，且后面加逗号：He is young. However, he is wise. 写作自查：写完一句后数一数连接词，出现两个“因果／让步 + 转折”成对结构就是硬伤。 2.5 因果关系：so / for / because 词 词性 用法要点 例句 so 并列连词，引出结果 一般置于句中，前有逗号；不能与 because 连用 It was raining, so we stayed at home. for 并列连词，补充说明原因 不能置于句首；前有逗号；不能回答 why，只作补充说明 He must be ill, for he is absent today. because 从属连词，表直接原因 可置于句首或句中；能回答 why；语气最强 He was absent because he was ill. since 从属连词 表“既然、由于”，语气弱于 because，常置句首 Since you are here, let's begin. as 从属连词 表“由于、随着”，语气较弱；另有“当……时”“正如”等义 As it was late, we left at once. therefore 副词，不是连词 不能连接两个句子；须用句号或分号，后加逗号 It was raining. Therefore, we stayed at home. ★ 一条判断主线 先分清词性：so、for 是并列连词；because、since、as 是从属连词；therefore 是副词。 再看位置：for 不能放句首；so 通常放句中；because 放句首句中均可。 最后查搭配：so 与 because 不共存，but 与 although 不共存——这是学考单选与短文改错最稳定的两个设错点。 ★ 易错提醒｜so 与 for：同为并列连词，方向与位置都不同 so 引出结果，一般置于句中，前有逗号：It was raining, so we stayed at home. for 补充说明原因，不能置于句首，前有逗号：He must be ill, for he is absent today. for 不能回答 why，它只是补充一条理由；because 才能回答 why。——Why was he absent? Because he was ill.（不能用 for） therefore 是副词，不是连词：It was raining, therefore we stayed home.（错误）→ It was raining. Therefore, we stayed home. 或 ... ; therefore, we stayed home. 牢记：so 与 because 不共存——见到 because 就不要写 so，见到 so 就不要写 because。 2.6 主谓一致：就近原则与就远原则 规则 适用连词 / 结构 谓语看谁 例句 就近原则 either ... or、neither ... nor、not only ... but also、not ... but、... or ... 看离谓语最近的那个主语 Either he or I am wrong. / Either I or he is wrong. 就远原则（随前） as well as、with、together with、along with、rather than、besides、including 看最前面的那个主语 The teacher as well as the students is here. / Tom rather than his brothers is to blame. 一律用复数 both ... and、and 连接两个不同的人或物 谓语用复数 Both Tom and Jerry are here. / Tom and Jerry are friends. 视意义而定 and 连接的两个名词指同一人、同一物或同一整体 谓语用单数 The writer and teacher is here.（同一人） / Bread and butter is my breakfast.（看作一个整体） ★ 判断三步（见到连词连接的并列主语就走这三步） 第一步：先找出真正的主语核心，别被插入的介词短语带偏。 第二步：确认连接词属于哪一族——就近族（either ... or 等）还是就远族（as well as 等）。 第三步：就近族往后看，就远族往前看，据此定谓语单复数。 一句话：就近往后看，就远往前看；both ... and 永远复数。 ★ 易错提醒｜就近往后看，就远往前看 就近族（往后看）：either ... or、neither ... nor、not only ... but also、not ... but。例：Either he or I am wrong.（就近 I）｜Either I or he is wrong.（就近 he） 就远族（往前看）：as well as、with、together with、along with、rather than、besides、including。例：The teacher as well as the students is here.（就远 The teacher） both ... and 永远复数：Both Tom and Jerry are here. 视意义而定：and 连接的两个名词指同一人或同一整体时谓语用单数——The writer and teacher is here.（同一人，作家兼教师）｜Bread and butter is my breakfast.（看作一个整体） 判断顺序：先找主语核心 → 再看连词属于哪一族 → 最后定单复数，不要被插入的介词短语带偏。 注意：就近原则只管“谓语与最近主语一致”，不改变句子意思；写作中若担心出错，可把两个主语换位使谓语读起来更自然。 2.7 并列连词与从属连词的分界 类别 判断标准 成员 例句 并列连词 连接同等重要的词、短语或分句，两部分都能独立成句 and、but、or、so、for、yet、both ... and、either ... or、neither ... nor、not only ... but also He is young, but he is wise. 从属连词 引导从句，从句不能独立成句，只是主句的一个成分 when、while、because、since、as、if、unless、although / though、so ... that、in order that、as if We stayed home because it was raining. 兼类词 同一个词可兼两类，靠意义与位置判断 while（对比＝并列；当……时／尽管＝从属）；as（由于／随着＝从属）；for（原因＝并列连词；为了＝介词） He likes music, while she likes sports.（对比） 从句类型 常用从属连词 例句 时间 when、while、as、before、after、until、since、as soon as When he came in, I was reading. 原因 because、since、as、now that We stayed home because it was raining. 条件 if、unless（＝ if not）、as long as、provided that You will fail unless you work hard. 让步 although、though、even if、even though、while（置于句首） Although he is young, he is wise. 目的 so that、in order that、in case Speak louder so that everyone can hear. 结果 so ... that、such ... that He was so tired that he fell asleep. 比较 as ... as、than、as if He is as tall as his father. ★ 易错提醒｜判断并列还是从属：一试便知 测试方法：把前后两部分拆开，能各自独立成句 → 并列；不能 → 从属。He is young, but he is wise. → 两半都成立，并列；We stayed home because it was raining. → because 引导原因状语，从属。 兼类词要按意义判断：while 表“而”是并列连词，表“当……时／尽管”是从属连词；as 表“由于／随着”是从属连词；for 表“因为”是并列连词，表“为了”是介词。 语法填空的解题口诀：空格前后各是一个句子、中间没有连词 → 此空必填连词，再根据逻辑关系定是并列还是从属。 课标边界：状语从句属必修（不带星号），本讲义要求能辨认与选用；not only 置于句首引起的部分倒装标注为选修（提高类），学考不作要求。 考点一：逻辑关系判断（and / but / or / so 的选用） 例1. (2024年辽宁省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) Many scientists believe our love of sugar may actually be an addiction. When we eat or drink sugary foods, the sugar enters our blood 41 affects the parts of our brain which make us feel good. 【答案】41．and 【详解】41．考查连词。句意：当我们吃或喝含糖食物时，糖会进入我们的血液，并且影响我们大脑中让我们感觉良好的部分。根据空前的enters和空后的affects可知，此处为连词，连接两个并列谓语动词，且为递进关系，故填and。 例2. （2025年福建省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试卷）As a woman, I would not walk home alone in the dark in my home country. 33 I have no trouble doing it in China. 【答案】33．But 【详解】33．考查连词。句意：但在中国的路上却完全不用担心。前文讲在自己国家不敢深夜独自步行，后文讲在中国却可以夜晚出行不用担心安全，前后是转折关系，应填but，位于句首首字母需大写。 例3. (2025年江苏省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试卷) “If you have experience, the work takes less than an hour; 39 for beginners, it may take a day,” Rochet said. 【答案】39．but 【详解】39．考查连词。句意：罗谢特说：“如果有经验，组装工作不到一小时就能完成；但对于新手来说，可能需要一整天。” 空格前后是转折关系，用连词but。故填but。 例4. (2026年辽宁省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试卷) If there’s a problem, farmers can know it 48 solve it in time. 【答案】48．and 【详解】48．考查连词。句意：如果有问题，农民可以及时知道并解决它。此处连接两个并列的谓语动词know和solve，表并列关系，用连词and。故填and。 1．The boy corrected his mistakes, ________ he apologized in time to win back others’ trust. A．and B．but C．so D．or 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个男孩改正了他的错误，并且他及时道歉以赢回别人的信任。and和，并且；but但是；so所以；or或者。根据句意可知，“改正错误”与“及时道歉”是并列的两个动作，表示顺承关系，应用and连接。 2．— Do you prefer grapes ________ bananas? — I prefer grapes ________ bananas. A．or; or B．or; to C．than; to D．or; than 【答案】B 【详解】考查连词和固定搭配。句意：——你喜欢葡萄还是香蕉？——比起香蕉，我更喜欢葡萄。第一空为选择疑问句，表示“还是”，需用连词or连接两个并列的选项；第二空考查固定搭配prefer A to B，意为“比起B更喜欢A”，需用介词to。 3．His dream is huge, ________ by working hard step by step, he may achieve it one day. A．and B．or C．but D．so 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他的梦想很宏大，但是通过一步步努力工作，他有一天可能会实现它。and和，并且，表并列/顺承；or或者，否则，表选择；but但是，表转折；so所以，表因果。根据His dream is huge与he may achieve it one day可知，前句说梦想宏大，后句说通过努力可能实现，前后存在转折关系，因此填but。 4．The story is short, ________ it is very moving. A．but B．so C．and 【答案】A 【详解】句意：故事虽短，却十分感人。A. but但是；B. so所以；C. and并且。前后句为转折关系，but表转折。 5． A true friend can see the pain in your eyes ________ others believe the smile on your face A．because B．while C．before D．until 【答案】B 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：真正的朋友能看到你眼中的痛苦，而其他人却相信你脸上的笑容。A. because因为；B. while然而；C. before在……之前；D. until直到……为止。空格前后是两个对比的情况，即“真正的朋友能看到你眼中的痛苦”和“其他人却相信你脸上的笑容”，故用while表示对比。故选B。 6．—What he enjoys _____ great and interesting. —Yes, ___ it’s dangerous. A．sounds, but B．sounding, but C．sounds, so D．to sound ,so 【答案】A 【详解】考查谓语动词和连词。句意：——他喜欢的听起来很棒，也很有趣。——是的，但是很危险。在What he enjoys _____ great and interesting.中，What he enjoys是一个主语从句，主句缺少谓语动词；陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。在Yes, ___ it’s dangerous.中，前面说他喜欢的事物听起来很棒很有趣，后面说它很危险，前后是转折关系，所以用转折连词but。故选A。 考点二：就近原则与就远原则 例1.( 2024年江苏省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) For those young bikers, the sport comes with a speed that is neither too fast 44 too slow. 【答案】44．nor 【详解】44．考查连词。句意：对于那些年轻的自行车手来说，这项运动的速度既不太快也不太慢。此处表示“既不……也不……”，应用连词nor，与neither构成固定搭配neither...nor...。故填nor。 例2. (2025年陕西省高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) In 1955, he returned to China. He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was in charge of developing not only China’s rocket science 40 also its space and missile technology. 【答案】40．but 【详解】40． 考查连词。句意：他受到了祖国人民的英雄般的欢迎，负责发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹技术。这里考查not only...but also...，为固定搭配，意为“不仅……而且……”，符合语境。故填but。 1．The novel is not only a best - seller in domestic markets, ______ it has also gained international acclaim for its unique narrative style. A．and B．but C．yet D．so 【答案】B 【详解】考查连词、固定短语。句意：这部小说不仅在国内市场畅销，而且因其独特的叙事风格在国际上也获得了好评。A. and和、并且（表示并列关系）；B. but而且（表示递进关系，在这里连接两个句子表示不仅在国内而且在国际上的情况）；C. yet然而（表示转折关系）；D. so所以（表示因果关系）。根据“The novel is not only a best - seller in domestic markets(这部小说不仅在国内市场畅销)”以及“it has also gained international acclaim for its unique narrative style(它因其独特的叙事风格在国际上也获得了好评)”可知，这里是一种递进关系，not only...but (also)是固定搭配，所以使用but最为恰当。故选B项。 2． we live in the truth or we live in lies. The truth sets us free and lies leave us nothing but more troubles. 【答案】Either 【详解】句意：我们要么生活在真相中，要么生活在谎言中。真相使我们自由，谎言只会给我们带来更多的麻烦。either...or...意为“要么……要么……”。设空处位于句首，首字母应大写。 3．Pet gift boxes have also become popular as a social gift, with pet owners buying them not just for their own pets for friends and family members with pets. 【答案】but 【详解】考查连词。句意：宠物礼盒也成了很受欢迎的社交礼物，宠物主人不仅给自己的宠物买，也给养宠物的朋友和家人买。固定搭配not just...but...“不仅……而且……”，用来连接两个并列的介词短语for their own pets和for friends and family members with pets。故填but。 考点三：祈使句 + and / or 句式 例1.( 2024年甘肃省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) 7．Walk along the Silk Road, ______ you will find it amazing and fascinating. A．or B．but C．while D．and 【答案】D 【详解】考查连词辨析。句意：沿着丝绸之路走下去，你会发现它令人惊叹且极具魅力。分析句子结构可知，句中“Walk along the Silk Road”是祈使句，“you will find it amazing and fascinating”是后续产生的结果，属于“祈使句 + and + 陈述句”的固定句型，and表顺承逻辑，符合语境。故选D项。 例2. ( 25-26高一上·广东东莞翰林实验学校·期中) Leave the reference books behind, you won’t be able to think independently. 【答案】or 【详解】考查连词。句意：别再抱着参考书不放了，否则你就无法独立思考了。根据下文“you won’t be able to think independently.(你就无法独立思考了)”可知，此处用连词or表示“否则、不然”。故答案为or。 1．Catherine, (get) up early tomorrow morning, or we will be late for the train. 【答案】get 【详解】考查祈使句。句意：凯瑟琳，明天早上早点起来，否则我们就赶不上火车了。固定句型“祈使句+or+含有一般将来时的陈述句”表示“做某事，否则就会……”，祈使句可转换成if条件状语从句。故空处应用动词原形get。故填get。 2． Take this medicine, you will be OK in no time. 【答案】and 【详解】考查连词。句意：吃了这药，你很快就会好起来的。“祈使句+and+陈述句”为固定句型，意为“……那么……”，表示顺承的结果。故填and。 一、单项选择 1．With the efforts of promoting education and literacy campaigns, the number of illiterate people is dropping _______ it will not be much time _______ the small flames turn into a big fire. A．but; before B．and; before C．as; since D．for; since 【答案】B 【详解】句意：随着推广教育和扫盲运动的努力，文盲人数正在下降，并且不久之后星星之火就会燎原。第一空前后的句子“文盲人数正在下降”与“不久之后星星之火就会燎原”之间是顺承关系，应用并列连词and连接；第二空考查固定句型It will not be long/much time before...，意为“不久之后就会……”，用before引导时间状语从句。 2．You can either solve the problem by yourself, ______ seek help from your classmates. A．and B．but C．or D．so 【答案】C 【详解】考查连词辨析。句意：你可以自己解决这个问题，或者向你的同学寻求帮助。A. and和(表示并列关系)；B. but但是(表示转折关系)；C. or或者(表示选择关系)；D. so所以(表示因果关系)。根据“You can either solve the problem by yourself(你可以自己解决这个问题)”以及“seek help from your classmates(向你的同学寻求帮助)”可知，这里是提供了两种选择，要么自己解决问题，要么向同学求助，是一种选择关系，所以使用or最为恰当。故选C项。 3．The company is facing some difficulties, ______ it is still confident about its future. It is taking measures to overcome the problems, ______ it believes it will succeed. A．and; but B．or; nor C．nor; or D．but; and 【答案】D 【详解】考查连词。句意：这家公司正面临一些困难，但是它仍然对未来充满信心。它正在采取措施克服这些问题，并且它相信自己会成功。分析句子且由句意可知，第一空，“公司面临一些困难”和“它仍然对未来充满信心”为转折关系，应用“but”；第二空，“它正在采取措施克服问题”和“它相信它会成功”为并列关系，应用“and” 连接两个并列的句子，表示顺承关系。故选D项。 4．The student studied hard, ______ he passed the exam. ______ he got a good grade. A．if; Or B．as; Nor C．so; And D．because; But 【答案】C 【详解】考查连词。句意：这个学生学习很努力，所以他通过了考试。并且他取得了好成绩。结合句意，第一空前后“这个学生学习努力”，与空后的“他通过了考试”之间存在因果关系，所以此处使用表示因果关系的并列连词so；第二空后的“他取得了好成绩”与空前的“他通过了考试”之间为并列关系，所以此处使用And连接两个并列句子。because引导原因状语从句，但因果关系颠倒；if引导条件状语从句；but表示转折；or表示选择；nor表示否定的并列，均不符合题意。故选C项。 5．The movie received mixed reviews, ______ some critics praised its originality while others criticized its slow pacing. A．and B．but C．yet D．for 【答案】A 【详解】考查并列连词辨析。句意：这部电影收到的评价褒贬不一，一些评论家称赞它的原创性，而另一些则批评它节奏缓慢。A. and并且，和，然后；B. but但是；C. yet然而；D. for因为。句子说电影评价不一，接着讲有的夸、有的批，是顺承关系，“and” 用于顺承连接，故选A。 6．We should respect different cultures, ______ we can build a more harmonious and inclusive world. A．and B．but C．or D．so 【答案】D 【详解】考查连词。句意：我们应该尊重不同的文化，这样我们就能建立一个更加和谐包容的世界。A. and和、并且（表示并列关系）；B. but但是（表示转折关系）；C. or或者（表示选择关系）；D. so所以（表示因果关系）。根据“We should respect different cultures(我们应该尊重不同的文化)”以及“we can build a more harmonious and inclusive world(我们能建立一个更加和谐包容的世界)”可知，尊重不同文化和建立和谐包容世界之间是一种因果关系，是在前者的基础上实现后者，故选D项。 7．The company is facing financial difficulties, ______ it plans to cut costs by reducing staff. A．and B．but C．or D．so 【答案】D 【详解】考查连词。句意：公司正面临财务困难，所以它计划通过裁员来削减成本。A. and和（表示并列关系）；B. but但是（表示转折关系）；C. or或者（表示选择关系）；D. so所以（表示因果关系）。根据“The company is facing financial difficulties (公司正面临财务困难)”以及“it plans to cut costs by reducing staff (它计划通过裁员来削减成本)”可知，因为面临财务困难，所以才计划削减成本，这里存在因果关系，所以使用so最为恰当。故选D项。 8．________ every small task seriously and keep trying even when meeting setbacks, and you will gradually realize your potential. A．Taking B．Take C．To take D．Taken 【答案】B 【详解】句意：认真对待每一个小任务，即使遇到挫折也要不断尝试，你就会逐渐发挥出你的潜力。根据“and keep”以及句意可知，这是“祈使句+and+陈述句”的固定句型，此空是动词原形Take。 9．Before you plan to go out and play with your friends, finish your homework, ________ you can’t go out to play and will have to stay home to finish it. A．but B．and C．or D．so 【答案】C 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：在你计划出去和朋友玩之前，先完成作业，否则你就不能出去玩，只能待在家里完成作业。A. but但是；B. and并且；C. or否则；D. so因此。本题考查固定结构“祈使句 + or + 陈述句”，用于表达在不满足祈使句所提出的行为或状态时，将会产生的负面后果或情况。“finish your homework”是祈使句，给出一个指令，or作为并列连词，意思是 “否则；要不然”，它连接前后两部分，后半句陈述的是如果不遵循前面祈使句的要求(完成作业)，将会面临的负面结果就是不能出去玩，只能待在家里完成作业。故选C项。 10．Stand over there ______ you’ll be able to see it better. A．or B．while C．but D．and 【答案】D 【详解】考查连词辨析。句意：站到那边，你会看得更清楚。A. or否则；B. while然而；C.  but 但是；D. and 和。分析句子可知，这里考查“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”的用法，根据句意，这里表示顺承关系，所以应用连词and。故选D项。 11．Some people believe ________ space exploration expands our understanding of the universe, it is a waste of the public purse and does nothing to enhance the quality of our lives here on the Earth. A．that while B．that C．while that D．while 【答案】A 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：有些人认为，虽然太空探索扩大了我们对宇宙的了解，但这是对公共资金的浪费，对提高我们在地球上的生活质量没有任何帮助。动词believe后接宾语从句，从句不缺少成分且句意完整，所以用连接代词that引导。在宾语从句中，space exploration expands our understanding of the universe和it is a waste of the public purse and does nothing to enhance the quality of our lives here on the Earth之间存在转折关系，所以用转折连词while。故选A。 二、单句语法填空 1．The cheaper, molded figures often serve as children’s toys the hand-crafted pieces are more refined and original. 【答案】while 【详解】句意：廉价的模制人偶通常用作儿童玩具，而手工制作的人偶则更精致、更具独创性。结合句意，上下文之间表示对比，所以此处应用while（表对比，意为“而”）连接两个分句，清晰呈现两类人偶的差异。 2．Chinese characters are hard to write and remember, they have kept the continuity of Chinese civilization. 【答案】but/yet 【详解】句意：汉字难写难记，但它们保持了中华文明的连续性。前后两个分句之间为转折关系，设空处应填连词表示转折。but和yet均可表示“但是，然而”。 3．As the storm drew closer, fishermen were warned not to go out to sea, many did not listen. 【答案】but 【详解】句意：随着风暴逼近，渔民们被警告不要出海，但许多人没有听。此处为连词连接并列句，结合句意，前后为转折关系。 4．Hai Ya’s novelette is inspired by a painting masterpiece, Qianli Jiangshan Tu, A Panorama of Rivers and Mountains, by Wang Ximeng from the Song Dynasty (960-1279). 【答案】or 【详解】句意：海涯的中篇小说灵感源自宋代（960—1279）王希孟的绘画杰作《千里江山图》(A Panorama of Rivers and Mountains)。Qianli Jiangshan Tu和A Panorama of Rivers and Mountains是同一幅画的不同名称，用or连接。 5．Varieties of local traditional agricultural and textile (纺织品) products also gained huge popularity due to the football tournament, the online and offline sales surpassed 20 million yuan, according to the report. 【答案】and 【详解】句意：据报道，由于足球赛事，多种地方传统农产品和纺织品也广受欢迎，线上线下的销售额突破了2000万元。第一个逗号前后为两个完整的主谓结构，上下文之间为并列关系，应用并列连词and连接。 6．The creation of puppets (木偶) is such a complex process that it demands extreme precision is a test of the commitment as well as skills of craftsmen (匠人). 【答案】and 【详解】句意：木偶的制作过程极为复杂，不仅需要极高的精确度，也是对匠人的敬业精神与技艺的考验。设空处连接两个并列的谓语动词demands和is，用连词and。 7．He likes playing basketball I like listening to music. 【答案】while 【详解】句意：他喜欢打篮球，而我喜欢听音乐。此处while是并列连词，“然而”，表示前后形成鲜明对比。 8．It exhibits over 5,000 cultural relics, with each carrying the genes and codes of civilization, the wisdom of ancient people shining brightly. 【答案】and 【详解】句意：它展出五千余件文物，每一件都承载着文明的基因与密码，闪耀着古人璀璨的智慧光芒。“each carrying the genes and codes of civilization”和“the wisdom of ancient people shining brightly”都是with复合结构中的宾语和宾补，为并列关系，应用and连接。 9．By late October, it had received 26.3 million tourists made nearly 30 billion yuan in tourism income, boosting local agriculture and tourism while bringing more confidence and energy to the area. 【答案】and 【详解】考查连词。句意：到10月下旬，它接待了2630万游客，并创造了近300亿元的旅游收入，促进了当地农业和旅游业发展，同时为该地区带来了更多信心与活力。received 26.3 million tourists与made nearly 30 billion yuan in tourism income并列关系，都描述该地在旅游方面取得的成果，所以用and连接。故填and。 10．Taking this honor as a starting point, Wuxi plans to improve cultural facilities in cities and villages, expand its music industry, let music better promote urban development and residents’ quality of life. 【答案】and 【详解】考查连词。句意：无锡以这一殊荣为起点，计划改善城乡文化设施，扩大音乐产业，让音乐更好地促进城市发展以及提升居民生活质量。improve cultural facilities in cities and villages, expand its music industry和let music better promote urban development and residents’ quality of life为并列关系，需用连词and连接。故填and。 11．In this remote mountain village, people mainly communicate with the outside world by satellite phone, they use the rare signal tower at the village entrance. 【答案】or 【详解】考查连词。句意：在这个偏远的山村，人们主要通过卫星电话与外界保持联系，或者利用村口稀有的信号塔来发送信号。前半句“村民主要通过卫星电话与外界沟通”与后半句“他们使用村口罕见的信号塔”为并列选择关系用连词or。故填or。 12．My bad tooth was killing me last night, I had to see a doctor at midnight. 【答案】so 【详解】考查连词。句意：昨晚我的坏牙疼得要命，所以我不得不半夜去看医生。根据句意可知，前半句“My bad tooth was killing me last night”（昨晚我的坏牙疼得要命）是原因，后半句“I had to see a doctor at midnight”（我半夜不得不去看医生）是结果，二者为因果关系，且表示“因此，所以”，故用连词“so”连接，符合逻辑语境。故填so。 13．Many French dishes are basically simple, they don't take long to prepare. 【答案】so 【详解】考查连词。句意：许多法国菜基本上都很简单，所以做起来不需要很长时间。“Many French dishes are basically simple(许多法国菜基本上都很简单)”与“they don't take long to prepare(做起来不需要很长时间)”是因果关系，前因后果，应用连词so连接。故填so。 14．Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park I had an idea of going to a nicer place. 【答案】while 【详解】考查并列连词。句意：大多数同学想去公园，而我却想去一个更好的地方。根据句意可知，前后句存在对比关系：前句大多数人的选择与后句“我的不同想法”形成对比，所以设空处要填一个表示对比且意为“然而”的连词。故填while。 一、阅读理解 A As a popular tourist destination in Southeast Asia, Bangkok attracts millions of visitors every year. Before your trip, you need to make careful arrangements. The following tips can help you avoid common travel troubles. Pick your accommodation wisely. Khao San Road, full of hostels, is popular with backpackers. However, it is extremely noisy and crowded day and night. If you want a more authentic local experience, consider renting a flat in Phra Kanong. This area has unique street markets for local people. Though it is distant from major tourist sites, the Skytrain nearby can take you to the Grand Palace within 20 minutes. Choose proper transport Heavy traffic jams often trouble travelers. Taking a taxi may waste your sightseeing time. To visit ancient riverside temples, take an express boat. Moving at a steady speed, it provides fantastic views along the river. For city-centre destinations, the Skytrain is your best choice, keeping you away from street jams. Practical reminder Thai street food is well-known for its special tastes. Besides, prepare some small-value cash, because many street-side shops cannot accept credit cards. 1．What can we know about Phra Kanong? A．It provides free street-food for foreign visitors. B．Tourists can rent flats there for local-style experience. C．Most famous ancient temples are located in this area. D．Travelers can take taxis to avoid the Skytrain there. 2．What transport is recommended for visiting riverside temples? A．A taxi B．The Skytrain C．An express boat D．A private car 3．Where might this passage be taken from? A．A science report. B．A travel magazine. C．A travel diary. D．A geography textbook. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 【导语】本文主要为前往泰国曼谷的游客提供了一些实用的旅游建议，涵盖了住宿选择、交通方式以及支付提醒等内容。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据文章“Pick your accommodation wisely.(明智地选择住宿)”部分中的“If you want a more authentic local experience, consider renting a flat in Phra Kanong.(如果你想要更地道的当地体验，可以考虑在Phra Kanong租一套公寓)”可知，游客可以在那里租公寓以体验当地的生活方式。 2．细节理解题。根据文章“Choose proper transport(选择合适的交通工具)”部分中的“To visit ancient riverside temples, take an express boat.(要参观古老的河畔寺庙，请乘坐快艇)”可知，文章推荐乘坐快艇去参观河畔寺庙。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“As a popular tourist destination in Southeast Asia, Bangkok attracts millions of visitors every year. Before your trip, you need to make careful arrangements. The following tips can help you avoid common travel troubles(曼谷是东南亚热门旅游目的地，每年吸引数百万游客前来。出行前，你需要做好周密安排。下面这些建议可以帮你避开常见的旅行麻烦。)”可知，本文主要为前往泰国曼谷的游客提供了一些实用的旅游建议，涵盖了住宿选择、交通方式以及支付提醒等内容。这类为游客提供出行指南的文章最有可能出现在旅游杂志上。 B Aged 13, I was diagnosed (诊断) with a kind of attention disorder. It made school difficult for me. When everyone else in the class was focusing on tasks, I could not. In my first literature class, Mrs. Smith asked us to read a story and then write on it, all within 45 minutes. I raised my hand right away and said, “Mrs. Smith, you see, the doctor said I have attention problems. I might not be able to do it.” She glanced down at me through her glasses, “You are not different from your classmates, young man.” I tried, but I didn’t finish the reading when the bell rang. I had to take it home. In my bedroom, the story suddenly all became clear to me. It was about a blind person, Louis Braille. He lived in a time when the blind couldn’t get much education. But Louis didn’t give up. Instead, he invented a reading system of raised dots (点), which opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind. Wasn’t I the “blind” in my class, being made to learn like the “sighted” students? My thoughts flew and my pen started to dance. I completed the task within 40 minutes. Indeed, I was not different from others. If Louis could find his way out of his problem, why should I ever give up? I didn’t expect anything when I handed in my paper to Mrs. Smith, so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next day with an “A” on it. At the bottom of the paper were these words, “See what you can do when you keep trying?” 4．Why didn’t the author finish the reading in class? A．Because he didn’t like the teacher. B．Because he was not fond of literature. C．Because the classroom was too noisy. D．Because he got a kind of attention disorder. 5．What can we learn about Louis Braille from the passage? A．He couldn’t see and read for the whole life. B．He got a good education at school. C．He made an invention which helps the blind. D．He managed to cure his blindness. 6．What’s Mrs. Smith’s attitude to the author in the classroom? A．She encouraged him. B．She paid no attention to him. C．She treated him specially. D．She was angry with him. 7．What can we learn from the passage? A．Keep trying, and you can do it. B．Practice makes perfect. C．A kind teacher makes a difference. D．Well begun, half done. 【答案】4．D 5．C 6．A 7．A 【导语】文章主要讲述患有注意力障碍的作者在史密斯老师鼓励下，受故事人物启发坚持完成任务并获得肯定的经历。 【详解】4．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Aged 13, I was diagnosed (诊断) with a kind of attention disorder. It made school difficult for me. When everyone else in the class was focusing on tasks, I could not.(13岁时，我被诊断出患有一种注意力障碍。这让上学对我来说很困难。当班上其他同学都在专注于任务时，我却做不到。)”可知，作者课上没能完成阅读任务是因为患有注意力障碍。 5．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It was about a blind person, Louis Braille. He lived in a time when the blind couldn’t get much education. But Louis didn’t give up. Instead, he invented a reading system of raised dots (点), which opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind.(故事讲的是一个盲人，路易·布莱叶。在他生活的那个年代，盲人很难接受教育。但路易没有放弃。相反，他发明了由凸点组成的阅读系统，为盲人打开了一个全新的知识世界。)”可知，路易·布莱叶发明了帮助盲人阅读的系统。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“She glanced down at me through her glasses, “You are not different from your classmates, young man.”(她透过眼镜低头看着我：“年轻人，你和你的同学没有什么不同。”)”可知，史密斯老师告诉作者他和其他同学并无差别，以此鼓励作者不要自我否定。 7．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是尾段中的“I didn’t expect anything when I handed in my paper to Mrs. Smith, so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next day with an “A” on it. At the bottom of the paper were these words, “See what you can do when you keep trying?”(我把卷子交给史密斯老师的时候，并没有抱任何期待，所以第二天卷子发下来，上面标着 A，着实让我大吃一惊。卷子的底部写着这样一句话：“坚持尝试，你就能看见自己的潜力，不是吗？”)”可知，文章借作者的亲身经历告诉我们，坚持尝试，你就能做成事情。 C Great academic pressure and social worries often leave high school students feeling anxious and tired. While people have long believed that outdoor nature benefits mental health, a new Japanese study suggests that relief can be much simpler than expected — even a short look at a desk plant can effectively reduce teenagers’ stress. In the study, researchers invited 85 high school students to take part in a controlled experiment. Each student was asked to stay relaxed and look at a green plant for three minutes. The research team recorded their heart rates and their emotional state both before and after the simple task. The results showed that most students’ heart rates dropped obviously, and they reported less anxiety and greater comfort after watching the green plants for a short time. According to researchers, green plants can activate the body’s natural relaxation system, which helps balance physical tension caused by pressure. Since teenagers’ nervous systems are still developing, they are more sensitive to negative emotions than adults. As a result, small changes in their visual environment can produce noticeable mental effects. One impressive finding is that the improvement requires little time or effort. Even during tight school schedules, a three-minute break is enough for students to restore inner calm and regain energy. Though plants cannot remove stress completely, they provide an easy, low-cost way for teenagers to adjust their mood. The study reminds us that the simplest things in life can play a valuable role in keeping our mental health. 8．What is the key finding of the Japanese study? A．Outdoor activities are necessary for students’ mental health. B．Watching green plants for a short time lowers teens’ stress. C．Teenagers are more anxious than adults in daily life. D．Heart rates can show one’s physical condition clearly. 9．What did researchers do in the experiment? A．They compared students’ moods with adults’. B．They asked students to look after plants carefully. C．They tracked students’ physical and mental changes. D．They asked students to finish relaxing tasks daily. 10．What does the underlined word “restore” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．give up B．get back C．give away D．take over 11．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To introduce a stress-relief way supported by a study. B．To encourage students to develop a hobby of growing plants. C．To show teenagers suffer from serious pressure at school. D．To stress the importance of keeping a regular schedule. 【答案】8．B 9．C 10．B 11．A 【导语】本文主要介绍日本一项新研究发现，短暂观看桌上绿植就能有效减轻青少年压力，是简单低成本的情绪调节方式。 【详解】8．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“While people have long believed that outdoor nature benefits mental health, a new Japanese study suggests that relief can be much simpler than expected — even a short look at a desk plant can effectively reduce teenagers’ stress.(人们一直认为置身户外大自然有益于心理健康，而日本一项新研究表明，舒缓压力的方式远比想象中简单——哪怕只是看一眼桌上的盆栽，也能有效减轻青少年的压力。)”可知，这项日本研究的核心发现是短时间观看绿色植物可以降低青少年的压力。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The research team recorded their heart rates and their emotional state both before and after the simple task.(研究小组在这项简单任务前后记录了他们的心率以及情绪状态。)”可知，研究人员追踪记录学生身体与情绪方面的变化。 10．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Even during tight school schedules, a three-minute break is enough for students to restore inner calm and regain energy.(即使在紧张的学习日程中，三分钟的休息足够让学生restore内心的平静，重获精力。)”可知，学生重获精力，此处表达重新获得内心平静，restore意为“恢复，重新获得”。 11．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“While people have long believed that outdoor nature benefits mental health, a new Japanese study suggests that relief can be much simpler than expected — even a short look at a desk plant can effectively reduce teenagers’ stress.(人们一直认为置身户外大自然有益于心理健康，而日本一项新研究表明，舒缓压力的方式远比想象中简单——哪怕只是看一眼桌上的盆栽，也能有效减轻青少年的压力。)”以及最后一段中的“Though plants cannot remove stress completely, they provide an easy, low-cost way for teenagers to adjust their mood.(虽然植物不能完全消除压力，但它为青少年提供了一种简单低成本调节情绪的方法。)”可知，作者写作目的是介绍一项研究所证实的减压方法。 D Many people think gardening belongs only to the countryside, but urban gardening is becoming popular among city people. It offers a chance for people to get close to nature in crowded cities. 12 It is also a useful way to reduce stress and improve mental health. Before you begin urban gardening, you should judge your living conditions first. 13 If you live in an apartment with little room, potted plants on your balcony will work best. If you have a small yard, you can grow different flowers and vegetables. 14 Not every plant fits city indoor environments. Some plants need plenty of direct sunlight, while others grow well in cool, shady places. Picking plants that suit your living conditions will make it much easier for them to survive. For urban gardening, keeping regular care is more important than quick results. 15 Instead, simple daily work like watering and removing dry leaves helps plants grow better. Actually, urban gardening is more than just a hobby. It helps people slow down from busy city life. 16 A．Many people think gardening takes too much time. B．Picking proper plants is another important step. C．It lets citizens enjoy the beauty of nature. D．You should buy costly plants for a better result. E．The space you have is the main thing to consider. F．So traditional gardening skills cannot be used in cities. G．In this way, people can feel calm and relaxed at home. 【答案】12．C 13．E 14．B 15．A 16．G 【导语】本文主要介绍城市园艺的好处以及开展城市园艺的相关注意事项。 【详解】12．前文“It offers a chance for people to get close to nature in crowded cities.(它为人们提供了一个在拥挤的城市里亲近自然的机会。)”点明城市园艺能帮城市居民接触自然，后文“It is also a useful way to reduce stress and improve mental health.(它也是一种减轻压力、改善心理健康的有效方式。)”用also引出城市园艺的另一项好处，C项“It lets citizens enjoy the beauty of nature.(它让市民们可以享受自然之美。)”承接前文“亲近自然”的内容，和后文的减压好处形成并列的正向价值，符合语境。 13．前文“Before you begin urban gardening, you should judge your living conditions first.(在你开始城市园艺之前，你应该先判断自己的居住条件。)”点明开展城市园艺前要先评估自身居住情况，后文“If you live in an apartment with little room, potted plants on your balcony will work best. If you have a small yard, you can grow different flowers and vegetables.(如果你住在空间狭小的公寓里，阳台上的盆栽是最合适的选择。如果你有一个小院子，你就可以种植不同的花卉和蔬菜。)”分别介绍了不同空间条件下的园艺方案，E项“The space you have is the main thing to consider.(你所拥有的空间是需要考虑的核心要素。)”承接前文“评估居住条件”的要求，引出后文不同空间的具体种植方案，符合语境。 14．后文“Not every plant fits city indoor environments. Some plants need plenty of direct sunlight, while others grow well in cool, shady places. Picking plants that suit your living conditions will make it much easier for them to survive.(不是每一种植物都适合城市室内环境。有些植物需要充足的直射阳光，而另一些则能在凉爽阴凉的地方良好生长。挑选适合你居住条件的植物，会让它们更容易存活。)”整段都围绕“挑选适配环境的植物”展开论述，B项“Picking proper plants is another important step.(挑选合适的植物是另一个重要步骤。)”作为本段的段首主题句，精准概括段落核心内容，引出后文的具体选品原则，符合语境。 15．前文“For urban gardening, keeping regular care is more important than quick results.(对于城市园艺来说，规律的照料远比追求立竿见影的效果更重要)”点明城市园艺不能急于求成，后文“Instead, simple daily work like watering and removing dry leaves helps plants grow better.(相反，浇水、摘除枯叶这类简单的日常工作就能帮助植物长得更好)”说明日常简单照料的作用，A 项“Many people think gardening takes too much time.(很多人认为园艺要耗费大量时间)”先点出大众的常见误区，后文随即反驳说明不需要投入大量时间，简单日常照料就足够，形成合理的语义衔接，符合语境。 16．前文“Actually, urban gardening is more than just a hobby. It helps people slow down from busy city life.(实际上，城市园艺远不止是一项爱好。它能帮助人们从繁忙的城市生活中慢下来。)”点明城市园艺能帮人们脱离快节奏的城市压力，G项“In this way, people can feel calm and relaxed at home.(通过这种方式，人们在家中就能感受到平静和放松。)”承接前文“慢下来”的状态，收尾全文，点明城市园艺最终带给人的精神收益，符合语境。 二、完形填空 A teacher gave his students a test. Most of the students finished the questions without much 17 until they all read the last one — What is the first name of the woman who 18 the school? All of the students thought that this question was some kind of 19 . They all saw the cleaning woman many times each day at school. It was 20 that she was tall and old, but how could they 21 her name? So they all 22 their test paper, leaving the last question 23 . Just before the class ended, one of the students asked if the mark for the last question would count toward the results of the 24 . “Sure,” said the teacher, adding that their answers to each question on the test paper would be 25 to the final score. He went on saying, “In your lives and careers, you will 26 many people and they are 27 individuals (个体) who enrich and perfect your life experience, so they each are worth your 28 and care. So all you should do is 29 and say hello.” Over the following days each of the students 30 the importance of finding out the name of the cleaner and introduced themselves. They all learned that the cleaner’s name was Dorothy and they never forgot the lesson 31 by their teacher that everyone is important. 17．A．interest B．effort C．strategy D．regard 18．A．cleans B．manages C．supports D．guards 19．A．pity B．risk C．story D．joke 20．A．natural B．obvious C．surprising D．strange 21．A．write B．sign C．know D．decide 22．A．left behind B．lifted up C．concentrated on D．handed in 23．A．unanswered B．appreciated C．unprepared D．checked 24．A．experiment B．presentation C．test D．competition 25．A．applied B．sent C．related D．compared 26．A．help B．calm C．respect D．meet 27．A．important B．responsible C．outgoing D．confident 28．A．consideration B．attention C．discussion D．protection 29．A．focus B．smile C．wait D．impress 30．A．proved B．regretted C．explained D．realized 31．A．taught B．explored C．invented D．demanded 【答案】 17．B 18．A 19．D 20．B 21．C 22．D 23．A 24．C 25．C 26．D 27．A 28．B 29．B 30．D 31．A 【导语】本文讲述了一位老师通过一场测验，教会学生每个人都值得被关注，不要忽视身边普通人的故事。 【详解】17．考查名词。句意：大多数学生没费太多努力就完成了题目，直到读到最后一题——打扫学校的那位女士叫什么名字？A. interest兴趣；B. effort努力；C. strategy策略；D. regard尊重。根据下文“until they all read the last one”推测，大部分学生没费太多努力就完成了试题。 18．考查动词。句意：大多数学生没费太多努力就完成了题目，直到读到最后一题——打扫学校的那位女士叫什么名字？A. cleans打扫；B. manages管理；C. supports支持；D. guards守卫。根据第二段“They all saw the cleaning woman many times each day at school”可知，这是打扫学校的女工。 19．考查名词。句意：所有学生都认为这道题算是一个玩笑。A. pity遗憾；B. risk风险；C. story故事；D. joke玩笑。根据第一段“What is the first name of the woman who the school?”可知，学生觉得这个问题很奇怪，认为是一个玩笑。 20．考查形容词。句意：很明显她个子很高，年纪也大，但他们怎么会知道她的名字呢？A. natural自然的；B. obvious明显的；C. surprising令人惊讶的；D. strange奇怪的。根据下文“she was tall and old”可知，外貌特征很明显。 21．考查动词。句意：很明显她个子很高，年纪也大，但他们怎么会知道她的名字呢？A. write书写；B. sign签名；C. know知道；D. decide决定。根据最后一段“the importance of finding out the name of the cleaner and introduced themselves. ”可知，学生不知道她的名字。 22．考查动词短语。句意：于是他们都上交试卷，最后一题空着没有作答。A. left behind遗留；B. lifted up举起；C. concentrated on集中注意力于；D. handed in上交。根据下文“Just before the class ended”可知，快下课了，学生上交试卷。 23．考查形容词。句意：于是他们都上交试卷，最后一题空着没有作答。A. unanswered未作答的；B. appreciated感激的；C. unprepared无准备的；D. checked检查过的。根据第二段“but how could they her name?”可知，最后一题没有回答。 24．考查名词。句意：快下课的时候，一名学生询问最后一题的分数是否会计入测验成绩。A. experiment实验；B. presentation展示；C. test测验；D. competition比赛。根据上文（第一段）“A teacher gave his students a test”可知，学生询问这道题的分数是否计入测验成绩。 25．考查形容词和动词。句意：老师说：“当然算”，还补充说试卷上每一道题的答案都会与最终分数相关。A. applied应用的；B. sent发送；C. related有关联的；D. compared比较。根据第三段“if the mark for the last question would count toward the results of the ”以及老师的回答“Sure”可知，每道题都和最终成绩有关。 26．考查动词。句意：他继续说到：“在你的生活和职业生涯中，你会遇到很多人，他们都是丰富和完善你生活经历的个体，所以他们每个人都值得你的关注和关心。所以你们需要做的就是微笑并问好。” A. help帮助；B. calm使平静；C. respect尊重；D. meet遇见。根据上文“In your lives and careers”和下文“many people and they are individuals (个体 )”并结合常识可知，人生会遇见很多人。 27．考查形容词。句意同上。 A. important重要的；B. responsible负责任的；C. outgoing外向的；D. confident自信的。根据下文“who enrich and perfect your life experience”可知，这些人都是重要的个体。 28．考查名词。句意同10小题。A. consideration考虑；B. attention关注；C. discussion讨论；D. protection保护。根据上文“In your lives and careers, you will many people and they are individuals (个体) who enrich and perfect your life experience”可知，每个人都值得你的关注与关心。 29．考查动词。句意同10小题。A. focus聚焦；B. smile微笑；C. wait等待；D. impress留下印象。根据下文“and say hello”可知，和人打招呼时通常要微笑。 30．考查动词。句意：在接下来的日子里，每位学生都意识到弄清保洁员名字的重要性，并主动自我介绍。A. proved证明；B. regretted后悔；C. explained解释；D. realized意识到。根据下文“the importance of finding out the name of the cleaner and introduced themselves”可知，学生意识到了弄清保洁员名字的重要性。 31．考查动词。句意：他们都得知保洁员名叫桃乐丝，并且永远不会忘记老师传授的道理：每个人都很重要。A. taught传授；B. explored探索；C. invented发明；D. demanded要求。根据上文（第一段）“A teacher gave his students a test”和第五段“In your lives and careers, you will many people and they are individuals (个体) who enrich and perfect your life experience”可知，他们永远不会忘记老师传授的道理：每个人都很重要。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the late 18th century, a form of drama called “French Light and Shadow” gained widespread popularity in Paris and Marseilles. This art form was inspired by traditional Chinese shadow play (皮影戏) dating back over 2,000 years, which, often 32 (refer) to as the world’s earliest “movie art”, combines live performance with voice effects. By the Song Dynasty, it 33 (grow) into a highly-developed art capable of relating stories of the Three Kingdoms before the rise of traditional Chinese opera. During the Ming Dynasty, shadow plays became 34 popular form of entertainment, especially in cities like Beijing. Even today, its influence can still be seen in modern film-making, 35 (shape) how stories are told. Creating shadow-play puppets (木偶) requires both choice 36 (material) and skills. Donkey hide (驴皮) is carved into the heads, limbs and bodies of the figures, then painted and joined using threads and links. The true magic of shadow play lies not just in its making, 37 in its live performance, 38 a team of puppeteers (木偶操纵师), narrators, and musicians work together in harmony. During the performance, as light shines on the human figures, vivid shadows 39 (project) onto a screen. The puppeteers, standing behind the screen, move the figures 40 five bamboo sticks, while the narrators sing and the musicians play instruments like drums and gongs (锣). On the opposite side, audiences see the figures on the screen come to life through the shadows, whose movements are so 41 (express) that people forget they’re just watching shadows. 【答案】 32．referred 33．had grown 34．a 35．shaping 36．materials 37．but 38．where 39．are projected 40．with 41．expressive 【导语】文章主要介绍了中国传统皮影戏的历史渊源、发展历程、制作工艺、表演形式及其对现代电影制作的影响。 【详解】32．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种艺术形式受到拥有2000多年历史的中国传统皮影戏的启发，皮影戏常被称为世界上最早的“电影艺术”，它将现场表演与音效相结合。定语从句中已有谓语动词combines，空处应用非谓语动词，refer to与逻辑主语which (指代Chinese shadow play) 为被动关系，所以用过去分词referred作定语。 33．考查动词时态。句意：到了宋代，在传统戏曲兴起之前，它已经发展成为一种高度成熟的艺术形式，能够讲述三国故事。根据时间状语By the Song Dynasty可知，此处表示“到过去某一时间已完成的动作”，应用过去完成时had grown。 34．考查冠词。句意：明代时，皮影戏成为一种流行的娱乐形式，尤其在北京等城市。form为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，此处表示 “一种流行的娱乐形式”，为泛指，且popular是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。 35．考查非谓语动词。句意：即使在今天，它的影响在现代电影制作中依然可见，影响着故事的讲述方式。句中已有谓语动词can be seen，空处应用非谓语动词，shape和逻辑主语its influence为主动关系，应用现在分词shaping作状语。 36．考查名词。句意：制作皮影木偶既需要优质的材料，也需要技巧。material为可数名词，此处表示“制作木偶所需的多种材料”，应用复数形式materials作宾语。 37．考查连词。句意：皮影戏真正的魅力不仅在于它的制作，还在于它的现场表演——木偶操纵师、旁白和音乐家们在此和谐协作。not just...but...为固定搭配，意为“不仅……而且……”，表并列关系。 38．考查定语从句。句意：皮影戏真正的魅力不仅在于它的制作，还在于它的现场表演 ——木偶操纵师、旁白和音乐家们在此和谐协作。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为live performance，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。 39．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：表演时，当光线照射在人偶上，生动的影子就会投射到屏幕上。此处为主句谓语动词，描述皮影戏表演的常规流程，用一般现在时，shadows与project为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语shadows为复数，助动词用are。 40．考查介词。句意：木偶操纵师站在屏幕后面，用五根竹竿移动人偶，而旁白唱歌，音乐家们演奏鼓、锣等乐器。此处表示“用五根竹竿”，强调使用的工具，用介词with。 41．考查形容词。句意：在屏幕的另一边，观众通过影子看到人偶活了起来，它们的动作如此富有表现力，以至于人们忘记了自己只是在看影子。此处作表语，express的形容词expressive“富有表现力的”符合题意。 四、书信写作 42．假定你是阳光中学的学生李华, 昨天你们班开了一场班会, 同学们就线上学习的利弊展开了激烈的讨论。请你用英语写一篇短文, 内容包括: 1. 60%的同学认为利大于弊; 2. 40%的同学认为弊大于利; 3. 你的观点。 注意: 1. 写作词数应为80个左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文 Yesterday our class held a heated class meeting discussing the advantages and disadvantages of online learning. About 60% of the students believe its advantages outweigh the disadvantages. They say online classes save commuting time and allow them to review lessons via replays anytime. However, 40% hold the opposite view, arguing that staring at screens too long harms eyesight and the lack of face-to-face interaction reduces learning efficiency and easily causes distraction. From my perspective, online learning is a useful supplement to traditional study. With self-discipline and a proper schedule, we can maximize its benefits while minimizing the drawbacks. 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生用英语写一篇短文，介绍班级班会的讨论情况，并谈谈自己的观点。 【详解】1.词汇积累 举办：hold → carry out 减少：reduce → decrease 导致：cause → contribute to 缺点：drawback → shortcoming 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Yesterday our class held a heated class meeting discussing the advantages and disadvantages of online learning. 拓展句：Yesterday our class held a heated class meeting which discussed the advantages and disadvantages of online learning. 【点睛】【高分句型1】However, 40% hold the opposite view, arguing that staring at screens too long harms eyesight and the lack of face-to-face interaction reduces learning efficiency and easily causes distraction.(运用了现在分词作状语，that引导宾语从句) 【高分句型2】With self-discipline and a proper schedule, we can maximize its benefits while minimizing the drawbacks.(运用了while引导状语从句的省略结构) 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 并列连词 【析】学考考查要点|【汇】知识清单盘点|【研】核心专题精讲|【练】巩固提升训练 —— 目 录 —— 析|学考考查要点 汇|知识清单盘点 研|核心专题精讲 考点一 逻辑关系判断（and / but / or / so 的选用） 考点二 就近原则与就远原则 考点三 祈使句 + and / or 句式 练|巩固提升训练 本模块依据《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2025年修订）》对本专题在学考中的要求进行梳理，并结合近年全国各地学业水平考试命题实践作出趋势判断。 1.1 课标依据与学考层级要求 连词在课标附录 3“一、词类 → 8. 连词”中不带星号，与介词、冠词并列；“三、句法 → 9. 并列复合句”同样不带星号——两者都属于“义务教育阶段学习过、高中必修课程应该熟练掌握”的内容。这意味着并列连词全部是学考的合法考点，且命题重点不在“认识连词”，而在“判断前后两句的逻辑关系”。 板块 知识点 课标层级 学考具体要求 认知层次 常见题型 连词 and / but / or / so 的基本用法 必修 掌握四个基本并列连词的语义分工；能在语境中按逻辑关系选词 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 成对并列连词 必修 掌握 both ... and（谓语复数）、either ... or、neither ... nor、not only ... but also（后三者谓语就近） 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 转折与对比 必修 掌握 but、yet、while 的转折与对比用法；明确 however 是副词，不能连接句子 熟练掌握 单项选择、写作 因果表达 必修 掌握 so（结果）与 for（补充说明原因，不置句首）；明确 because 与 so 不可同时出现 熟练掌握 单项选择、写作 句法 主谓一致 必修 掌握就近原则与就远原则的适用连词；能据连接词判断谓语单复数 熟练掌握 单项选择、语法填空 边界说明 祈使句 + and / or + 陈述句 教材常规 课标未单列，但属学考稳定考点；and 表顺承结果，or 表“否则”，陈述句用将来时 正确理解和使用 单项选择、语法填空 并列连词与从属连词的分界 必修 状语从句在“主从复合句”条目下不带星号；要求能区分并列连词（and、but、or、so、for）与从属连词（when、because、if、although） 熟练掌握 语法填空 连接性副词 however / therefore / otherwise 教材常规 课标未单列；明确它们是副词而非连词，不能连接两个句子 正确理解和使用 单项选择、写作 并列结构中的省略 必修 * 课标“三、句法 → 11. 省略”带一个星号，属必修；学考多见于比较结构与并列省略 正确理解 单项选择 not only 置于句首的部分倒装 选修（提高类）*** 倒装在课标中标注三个星号，学考不作要求；本讲义只作提示，不作训练 不作要求 — ★ 层级解读（务必先看这一条） ● 连词条目与并列复合句均不带星号，属“必修且应熟练掌握”层级——这是课标附录 3 中最基础的项目之一。学考对并列连词的要求是“判得准逻辑关系”，不是“背下词义”。 ● 三大主战场：一是逻辑关系判断（and / but / or / so 的选用，单选与语法填空都考）；二是主谓一致（就近与就远，单选必考）；三是不可共存的搭配（because 与 so、although 与 but，写作与改错必考）。 ● 连词与副词的分界是隐形考点。however、therefore、otherwise 是副词，连接不了两个句子；把它们当连词用，是写作中最常见的语法硬伤。 ● 倒装不在本专题范围。not only 置于句首引起的部分倒装在课标中标注为选修（提高类），学考不作硬性要求——本讲义只提示，不作展开训练。 ★ 易错提醒｜并列连词：汉语习惯是最大的敌人 并列连词看起来最简单，却是汉语负迁移最集中的一块。原因有三： 原因一：汉语成对使用，英语单用。汉语说“因为……所以”“虽然……但是”，英语里 because 与 so 不能同现、although 与 but 不能同现——这是写作与改错的第一大扣分点。 原因二：词性混淆。but 是连词可以直接连接分句，however 只是副词；so 是连词，therefore 只是副词。用错了，句子就成了“逗号拼接”run-on sentence。 原因三：谓语的单复数跟着连词走。either ... or、neither ... nor、not only ... but also 就近；as well as、with、rather than 就远。连词不同，谓语就不同，且方向相反。 本讲义的处理方式：按“五大语义关系 → and 家族 → or 家族 → but 家族 → so / for → 主谓一致 → 并列与从属分界”推进，每节配速查表、搭配禁忌与成对对照，目标是把这三处集中失分压到零。 1.2 学考与高考的考查差异 以浙江省为例，普通高中学业水平考试的外语科目使用教育部考试中心命题的高考英语全国卷，学考成绩与高考首考打通；其他省份虽组织形式不同，但语法项目的考查口径与全国卷高度一致，故以下分析对全国通用。 比较维度 高考英语全国卷 学考（以浙江等省为例） 对复习的启示 语法填空（无提示词） 连接词是必考空：空格前后各是一个句子时，必须填连词；2014 全国Ⅰ卷考 or（a few days or even a few months），2014 全国Ⅱ卷考 and（并列两个分句） 题型、赋分与全国卷一致 先数句子：前后各一句且无连词 → 必填连词 单项选择 and / but / or / so 的逻辑判断是最稳定的语法考点之一 把选项逐一代入，取逻辑最通顺者 最稳定考法 or 表“否则”与祈使句 + and / or 句式：You have to move out of the way or the truck cannot get past you. or 不只是“或者”，更是“否则” 第二稳定考法 while 表对比“而”（常被误认为只能作“当……时”的从属连词） 前文后文形成对照 → 想到 while 第三稳定考法 主谓一致：either ... or / not only ... but also 就近，as well as 就远 先找主语核心，再看连词属于哪一族 书面表达 because 与 so 同现、although 与 but 同现、however 当连词用，直接影响语言准确度得分 写作自查三件事：是否双连词、是否副词当连词、谓语是否一致 干扰项设计 多为“逻辑关系误判”“连词与副词混用”“就近就远颠倒”三类 错因高度集中，专项突破性价比极高 1.3 2027命题趋势观察与备考策略 1.3.1 近年各地学考与全国卷连词题的命题走向 ● 语法填空的连接词空长考不衰。典型真题： “But the river wasn't changed in a few days ______ even a few months”填 or（并列两个时间短语，表“或者”）； “There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ______ some of them looked very anxious”填 and（并列两个分句）。解题口诀：前后各一句，中间无连词，此空必填连词。 ● or 表“否则”是单选的经典陷阱。经典题例：You have to move out of the way or the truck cannot get past you.同义表达：or else、otherwise。 ● “祈使句 + and / or + 陈述句”句式稳定出现。经典题例：Bring the flowers into a warm room and they'll soon open.（顺承，用 and）／Bring the flowers into a warm room, or they'll soon die.（否则，用 or）。同一题干，and 与 or 表达的意思完全相反。 ● while 作并列连词表对比是高频。经典题例：At school, some students are active while some are shy.while 在此是并列连词，意为“而”，不是“当……时”。 ● 从属连词的判断也常在语法填空中出现。典型真题： “______ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces”填 As / When。判断依据：从句不能独立成句。 ● 主谓一致与连词捆绑考查。either ... or、not only ... but also 就近；as well as、together with、rather than 就远。谓语的形式反过来验证你选的连词对不对。 1.3.2 三条落地策略 策略 具体做法 对应解决的问题 先判逻辑关系 拿到连词题先把前后两部分各读一遍：并列递进 → and 家族；选择 → or 家族；转折 → but 家族；因果 → so / for；对比 → while 逻辑关系误判、and 与 or 错选 再查词性与搭配 but / so 是连词，however / therefore 是副词；because 与 so 不共存，although 与 but 不共存；祈使句后按“顺承用 and、否则用 or”处理 连词与副词混用、双连词错误 后定谓语单复数 就近族（either ... or、neither ... nor、not only ... but also、not ... but）往后看；就远族（as well as、with、together with、rather than）往前看；both ... and 永远复数 就近就远颠倒、谓语单复数错 2.1 并列连词五大语义关系与判断两问 语义关系 作用 常用连词（含成对连词） 课标层级 并列与递进 连接同等重要的内容，或后项更进一步 and、both ... and、not only ... but also、as well as、neither ... nor（否定并列） 必修 选择 在两者或数者中选取其一 or、either ... or、or else、otherwise 必修 转折 后项与前项意思相反或相对 but、yet、while（而）、whereas 必修 因果 前因后果，或前果后因 so（引出结果）、for（补充原因，前有逗号，不置句首） 必修 对比 前后两项形成对照 while、whereas（while 同时兼作从属连词，见 2.8 分界表） 必修 ★ 判断两问（做题按此顺序，答完即可定答案） 第一问：前后两部分是什么逻辑关系？并列递进 → and 家族；选择 → or 家族；转折 → but 家族；因果 → so / for；对比 → while。 第二问：连接的是不是“同等重要”的成分？是 → 并列连词；不是（一句从属于另一句）→ 从属连词（when、because、if、although 等，见 2.8）。 记忆主线：并列连词连接同等成分；汉语的“因为……所以”“虽然……但是”在英语里只能出现一个连词。 2.2 并列关系：and 家族 连词 含义 谓语规则 例句 and 和、并且、然后、于是 连接两个不同对象时谓语用复数；否定句中并列改用 or He came in and sat down. / I like tea and coffee. both ... and 两者都 谓语一律用复数 Both Tom and Jerry are students. not only ... but also 不但……而且 谓语就近（随 but also 后的名词） Not only the students but also the teacher likes the film. as well as 既……又；以及 谓语就远（随 as well as 前的名词），强调前者 The teacher as well as the students is here. neither ... nor 既不……也不 谓语就近；本身已否定，句中不可再加 not Neither the students nor the teacher knows the answer. not ... but 不是……而是 谓语就近（随 but 后的名词） Not the students but the teacher was late. and 的语义 说明 例句 并列 连接两个同等重要的成分 I like tea and coffee. 顺承（然后） 表示动作先后发生 He came in and sat down. 结果（于是） 前项是原因，后项是结果 It was raining, and we stayed at home. 连续、重复 两个相同成分连用表“渐渐”“一再” It rained and rained.（雨下个不停） 与祈使句连用 祈使句 + and + 陈述句＝ If 肯定条件句，陈述句用将来时 Work hard, and you will succeed.＝ If you work hard, you will succeed. ★ 易错提醒｜and 家族的三条铁律 铁律一：both ... and 谓语永远用复数。Both Tom and Jerry are students.（不受后面名词影响） 铁律二：not only ... but also、neither ... nor、either ... or、not ... but 谓语全部就近。Not only the students but also the teacher likes the film.（就近 teacher）｜Not the students but the teacher was late. 铁律三：as well as、with、together with、rather than 谓语就远。The teacher as well as the students is here.（就远 The teacher）｜Tom rather than his brothers is to blame. 附一条：neither ... nor 本身已是否定，句中不可再加 not。Neither he nor I am not going.（错误）→ Neither he nor I am going.（正确） 记忆口诀：both ... and 复数；其余成对连词就近；as well as 一族就远。 2.3 选择关系：or 家族 连词 含义 用法要点 例句 or 或者；否则；（否定句中）也不 疑问句、否定句中并列成分用 or，不用 and Which do you like, tea or coffee? / I don't like tea or coffee. either ... or 要么……要么 谓语就近；连接两个主语时位置可互换 Either you or he is wrong. / Either he or you are wrong. or else / otherwise 否则、要不然 otherwise 是副词，不能连接两个句子；or else 可直接连接 Hurry up, or else you will miss the bus. / Work hard. Otherwise, you will fail. whether ... or 无论……还是 属从属连词，引导让步或名词性成分，不属并列连词 Whether you go or stay, I will go there. 情形 用 and 还是 or 例句 肯定句中的并列 用 and I like tea and coffee. 否定句中的并列 改用 or（不用 and） I don't like tea or coffee. 疑问句中的选择 用 or Which do you like, tea or coffee? 含 no、never、hardly 等否定词的句子 改用 or He has no brothers or sisters. 祈使句之后 顺承用 and，“否则”用 or Hurry up, and you will catch the bus.（快点就能赶上）／Hurry up, or you will miss it.（快点，否则赶不上） ★ 易错提醒｜“祈使句 + and / or + 陈述句”：一个句式，两个相反的意思 祈使句 + and + 陈述句＝ If 肯定条件句：Work hard, and you will succeed.＝ If you work hard, you will succeed.（努力就会成功） 祈使句 + or + 陈述句＝ If 否定条件句：Hurry up, or you will be late.＝ If you don't hurry up, you will be late.（不快点就会迟到） 判断方法：看前后是“顺承”还是“相反”——顺承用 and，相反（否则）用 or；陈述句一律用将来时 will。 同义替换：or 在此可换成 or else、otherwise（otherwise 是副词，须用句号或分号：Work hard. Otherwise, you will fail.） 2.4 转折关系：but / yet / while / however 词 词性 用法要点 例句 but 并列连词 直接连接两个分句，前有逗号；不能与 although / though 连用 He is young, but he is wise. yet 并列连词 与 but 同义，语气更正式；可与 and 连用（and yet） He worked hard, yet he failed the exam. while 连词（兼类） 表对比“而”时接近并列；置于句首表“尽管”时是从属连词；表“当……时”也是从属连词 He likes sports, while his sister likes music. / While I like it, I can't afford it.（尽管） however 副词，不是连词 不能连接两个句子；须用句号或分号，且后面加逗号 He is young. However, he is wise. / He is young; however, he is wise. though 副词（句末） 置于句末表“不过”，前有逗号 He is young. He is wise, though. ★ 易错提醒｜两条不可违反的搭配禁忌 禁忌一：because 与 so 不能同时出现。Because it was raining, so we stayed home. → Because it was raining, we stayed home. 或 It was raining, so we stayed home. 禁忌二：although / though 与 but 不能同时出现。Although he is young, but he is wise. → Although he is young, he is wise. 或 He is young, but he is wise. 根本原因：英语的句子只需要一个连接词（连词或从属连词）；汉语习惯成对使用，这正是出错的源头。 附一条：but 是连词，however 是副词。but 可以直接连接两个分句；however 必须靠句号或分号，且后面加逗号：He is young. However, he is wise. 写作自查：写完一句后数一数连接词，出现两个“因果／让步 + 转折”成对结构就是硬伤。 2.5 因果关系：so / for / because 词 词性 用法要点 例句 so 并列连词，引出结果 一般置于句中，前有逗号；不能与 because 连用 It was raining, so we stayed at home. for 并列连词，补充说明原因 不能置于句首；前有逗号；不能回答 why，只作补充说明 He must be ill, for he is absent today. because 从属连词，表直接原因 可置于句首或句中；能回答 why；语气最强 He was absent because he was ill. since 从属连词 表“既然、由于”，语气弱于 because，常置句首 Since you are here, let's begin. as 从属连词 表“由于、随着”，语气较弱；另有“当……时”“正如”等义 As it was late, we left at once. therefore 副词，不是连词 不能连接两个句子；须用句号或分号，后加逗号 It was raining. Therefore, we stayed at home. ★ 一条判断主线 先分清词性：so、for 是并列连词；because、since、as 是从属连词；therefore 是副词。 再看位置：for 不能放句首；so 通常放句中；because 放句首句中均可。 最后查搭配：so 与 because 不共存，but 与 although 不共存——这是学考单选与短文改错最稳定的两个设错点。 ★ 易错提醒｜so 与 for：同为并列连词，方向与位置都不同 so 引出结果，一般置于句中，前有逗号：It was raining, so we stayed at home. for 补充说明原因，不能置于句首，前有逗号：He must be ill, for he is absent today. for 不能回答 why，它只是补充一条理由；because 才能回答 why。——Why was he absent? Because he was ill.（不能用 for） therefore 是副词，不是连词：It was raining, therefore we stayed home.（错误）→ It was raining. Therefore, we stayed home. 或 ... ; therefore, we stayed home. 牢记：so 与 because 不共存——见到 because 就不要写 so，见到 so 就不要写 because。 2.6 主谓一致：就近原则与就远原则 规则 适用连词 / 结构 谓语看谁 例句 就近原则 either ... or、neither ... nor、not only ... but also、not ... but、... or ... 看离谓语最近的那个主语 Either he or I am wrong. / Either I or he is wrong. 就远原则（随前） as well as、with、together with、along with、rather than、besides、including 看最前面的那个主语 The teacher as well as the students is here. / Tom rather than his brothers is to blame. 一律用复数 both ... and、and 连接两个不同的人或物 谓语用复数 Both Tom and Jerry are here. / Tom and Jerry are friends. 视意义而定 and 连接的两个名词指同一人、同一物或同一整体 谓语用单数 The writer and teacher is here.（同一人） / Bread and butter is my breakfast.（看作一个整体） ★ 判断三步（见到连词连接的并列主语就走这三步） 第一步：先找出真正的主语核心，别被插入的介词短语带偏。 第二步：确认连接词属于哪一族——就近族（either ... or 等）还是就远族（as well as 等）。 第三步：就近族往后看，就远族往前看，据此定谓语单复数。 一句话：就近往后看，就远往前看；both ... and 永远复数。 ★ 易错提醒｜就近往后看，就远往前看 就近族（往后看）：either ... or、neither ... nor、not only ... but also、not ... but。例：Either he or I am wrong.（就近 I）｜Either I or he is wrong.（就近 he） 就远族（往前看）：as well as、with、together with、along with、rather than、besides、including。例：The teacher as well as the students is here.（就远 The teacher） both ... and 永远复数：Both Tom and Jerry are here. 视意义而定：and 连接的两个名词指同一人或同一整体时谓语用单数——The writer and teacher is here.（同一人，作家兼教师）｜Bread and butter is my breakfast.（看作一个整体） 判断顺序：先找主语核心 → 再看连词属于哪一族 → 最后定单复数，不要被插入的介词短语带偏。 注意：就近原则只管“谓语与最近主语一致”，不改变句子意思；写作中若担心出错，可把两个主语换位使谓语读起来更自然。 2.7 并列连词与从属连词的分界 类别 判断标准 成员 例句 并列连词 连接同等重要的词、短语或分句，两部分都能独立成句 and、but、or、so、for、yet、both ... and、either ... or、neither ... nor、not only ... but also He is young, but he is wise. 从属连词 引导从句，从句不能独立成句，只是主句的一个成分 when、while、because、since、as、if、unless、although / though、so ... that、in order that、as if We stayed home because it was raining. 兼类词 同一个词可兼两类，靠意义与位置判断 while（对比＝并列；当……时／尽管＝从属）；as（由于／随着＝从属）；for（原因＝并列连词；为了＝介词） He likes music, while she likes sports.（对比） 从句类型 常用从属连词 例句 时间 when、while、as、before、after、until、since、as soon as When he came in, I was reading. 原因 because、since、as、now that We stayed home because it was raining. 条件 if、unless（＝ if not）、as long as、provided that You will fail unless you work hard. 让步 although、though、even if、even though、while（置于句首） Although he is young, he is wise. 目的 so that、in order that、in case Speak louder so that everyone can hear. 结果 so ... that、such ... that He was so tired that he fell asleep. 比较 as ... as、than、as if He is as tall as his father. ★ 易错提醒｜判断并列还是从属：一试便知 测试方法：把前后两部分拆开，能各自独立成句 → 并列；不能 → 从属。He is young, but he is wise. → 两半都成立，并列；We stayed home because it was raining. → because 引导原因状语，从属。 兼类词要按意义判断：while 表“而”是并列连词，表“当……时／尽管”是从属连词；as 表“由于／随着”是从属连词；for 表“因为”是并列连词，表“为了”是介词。 语法填空的解题口诀：空格前后各是一个句子、中间没有连词 → 此空必填连词，再根据逻辑关系定是并列还是从属。 课标边界：状语从句属必修（不带星号），本讲义要求能辨认与选用；not only 置于句首引起的部分倒装标注为选修（提高类），学考不作要求。 考点一：逻辑关系判断（and / but / or / so 的选用） 例1. (2024年辽宁省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) Many scientists believe our love of sugar may actually be an addiction. When we eat or drink sugary foods, the sugar enters our blood 41 affects the parts of our brain which make us feel good. 例2. （2025年福建省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试卷）As a woman, I would not walk home alone in the dark in my home country. 33 I have no trouble doing it in China. 例3. (2025年江苏省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试卷) “If you have experience, the work takes less than an hour; 39 for beginners, it may take a day,” Rochet said. 例4. (2026年辽宁省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试卷) If there’s a problem, farmers can know it 48 solve it in time. 1．The boy corrected his mistakes, ________ he apologized in time to win back others’ trust. A．and B．but C．so D．or 2．— Do you prefer grapes ________ bananas? — I prefer grapes ________ bananas. A．or; or B．or; to C．than; to D．or; than 3．His dream is huge, ________ by working hard step by step, he may achieve it one day. A．and B．or C．but D．so 4．The story is short, ________ it is very moving. A．but B．so C．and 5． A true friend can see the pain in your eyes ________ others believe the smile on your face A．because B．while C．before D．until 6．—What he enjoys _____ great and interesting. —Yes, ___ it’s dangerous. A．sounds, but B．sounding, but C．sounds, so D．to sound ,so 考点二：就近原则与就远原则 例1.( 2024年江苏省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) For those young bikers, the sport comes with a speed that is neither too fast 44 too slow. 例2. (2025年陕西省高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题) In 1955, he returned to China. He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was in charge of developing not only China’s rocket science 40 also its space and missile technology. 1．The novel is not only a best - seller in domestic markets, ______ it has also gained international acclaim for its unique narrative style. A．and B．but C．yet D．so 2． we live in the truth or we live in lies. The truth sets us free and lies leave us nothing but more troubles. 3．Pet gift boxes have also become popular as a social gift, with pet owners buying them not just for their own pets for friends and family members with pets. 考点三：祈使句 + and / or 句式 例1.( 2024年甘肃省普通高中学业水平考试英语试题) 7．Walk along the Silk Road, ______ you will find it amazing and fascinating. A．or B．but C．while D．and 例2. ( 25-26高一上·广东东莞翰林实验学校·期中) Leave the reference books behind, you won’t be able to think independently. 1．Catherine, (get) up early tomorrow morning, or we will be late for the train. 2． Take this medicine, you will be OK in no time. 一、单项选择 1．With the efforts of promoting education and literacy campaigns, the number of illiterate people is dropping _______ it will not be much time _______ the small flames turn into a big fire. A．but; before B．and; before C．as; since D．for; since 2．You can either solve the problem by yourself, ______ seek help from your classmates. A．and B．but C．or D．so 3．The company is facing some difficulties, ______ it is still confident about its future. It is taking measures to overcome the problems, ______ it believes it will succeed. A．and; but B．or; nor C．nor; or D．but; and 4．The student studied hard, ______ he passed the exam. ______ he got a good grade. A．if; Or B．as; Nor C．so; And D．because; But 5．The movie received mixed reviews, ______ some critics praised its originality while others criticized its slow pacing. A．and B．but C．yet D．for 6．We should respect different cultures, ______ we can build a more harmonious and inclusive world. A．and B．but C．or D．so 7．The company is facing financial difficulties, ______ it plans to cut costs by reducing staff. A．and B．but C．or D．so 8．________ every small task seriously and keep trying even when meeting setbacks, and you will gradually realize your potential. A．Taking B．Take C．To take D．Taken 9．Before you plan to go out and play with your friends, finish your homework, ________ you can’t go out to play and will have to stay home to finish it. A．but B．and C．or D．so 10．Stand over there ______ you’ll be able to see it better. A．or B．while C．but D．and 11．Some people believe ________ space exploration expands our understanding of the universe, it is a waste of the public purse and does nothing to enhance the quality of our lives here on the Earth. A．that while B．that C．while that D．while 二、单句语法填空 1．The cheaper, molded figures often serve as children’s toys the hand-crafted pieces are more refined and original. 2．Chinese characters are hard to write and remember, they have kept the continuity of Chinese civilization. 3．As the storm drew closer, fishermen were warned not to go out to sea, many did not listen. 4．Hai Ya’s novelette is inspired by a painting masterpiece, Qianli Jiangshan Tu, A Panorama of Rivers and Mountains, by Wang Ximeng from the Song Dynasty (960-1279). 5．Varieties of local traditional agricultural and textile (纺织品) products also gained huge popularity due to the football tournament, the online and offline sales surpassed 20 million yuan, according to the report. 6．The creation of puppets (木偶) is such a complex process that it demands extreme precision is a test of the commitment as well as skills of craftsmen (匠人). 7．He likes playing basketball I like listening to music. 8．It exhibits over 5,000 cultural relics, with each carrying the genes and codes of civilization, the wisdom of ancient people shining brightly. 9．By late October, it had received 26.3 million tourists made nearly 30 billion yuan in tourism income, boosting local agriculture and tourism while bringing more confidence and energy to the area. 10．Taking this honor as a starting point, Wuxi plans to improve cultural facilities in cities and villages, expand its music industry, let music better promote urban development and residents’ quality of life. 11．In this remote mountain village, people mainly communicate with the outside world by satellite phone, they use the rare signal tower at the village entrance. 12．My bad tooth was killing me last night, I had to see a doctor at midnight. 13．Many French dishes are basically simple, they don't take long to prepare. 14．Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park I had an idea of going to a nicer place. 一、阅读理解 A As a popular tourist destination in Southeast Asia, Bangkok attracts millions of visitors every year. Before your trip, you need to make careful arrangements. The following tips can help you avoid common travel troubles. Pick your accommodation wisely. Khao San Road, full of hostels, is popular with backpackers. However, it is extremely noisy and crowded day and night. If you want a more authentic local experience, consider renting a flat in Phra Kanong. This area has unique street markets for local people. Though it is distant from major tourist sites, the Skytrain nearby can take you to the Grand Palace within 20 minutes. Choose proper transport Heavy traffic jams often trouble travelers. Taking a taxi may waste your sightseeing time. To visit ancient riverside temples, take an express boat. Moving at a steady speed, it provides fantastic views along the river. For city-centre destinations, the Skytrain is your best choice, keeping you away from street jams. Practical reminder Thai street food is well-known for its special tastes. Besides, prepare some small-value cash, because many street-side shops cannot accept credit cards. 1．What can we know about Phra Kanong? A．It provides free street-food for foreign visitors. B．Tourists can rent flats there for local-style experience. C．Most famous ancient temples are located in this area. D．Travelers can take taxis to avoid the Skytrain there. 2．What transport is recommended for visiting riverside temples? A．A taxi B．The Skytrain C．An express boat D．A private car 3．Where might this passage be taken from? A．A science report. B．A travel magazine. C．A travel diary. D．A geography textbook. B Aged 13, I was diagnosed (诊断) with a kind of attention disorder. It made school difficult for me. When everyone else in the class was focusing on tasks, I could not. In my first literature class, Mrs. Smith asked us to read a story and then write on it, all within 45 minutes. I raised my hand right away and said, “Mrs. Smith, you see, the doctor said I have attention problems. I might not be able to do it.” She glanced down at me through her glasses, “You are not different from your classmates, young man.” I tried, but I didn’t finish the reading when the bell rang. I had to take it home. In my bedroom, the story suddenly all became clear to me. It was about a blind person, Louis Braille. He lived in a time when the blind couldn’t get much education. But Louis didn’t give up. Instead, he invented a reading system of raised dots (点), which opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind. Wasn’t I the “blind” in my class, being made to learn like the “sighted” students? My thoughts flew and my pen started to dance. I completed the task within 40 minutes. Indeed, I was not different from others. If Louis could find his way out of his problem, why should I ever give up? I didn’t expect anything when I handed in my paper to Mrs. Smith, so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next day with an “A” on it. At the bottom of the paper were these words, “See what you can do when you keep trying?” 4．Why didn’t the author finish the reading in class? A．Because he didn’t like the teacher. B．Because he was not fond of literature. C．Because the classroom was too noisy. D．Because he got a kind of attention disorder. 5．What can we learn about Louis Braille from the passage? A．He couldn’t see and read for the whole life. B．He got a good education at school. C．He made an invention which helps the blind. D．He managed to cure his blindness. 6．What’s Mrs. Smith’s attitude to the author in the classroom? A．She encouraged him. B．She paid no attention to him. C．She treated him specially. D．She was angry with him. 7．What can we learn from the passage? A．Keep trying, and you can do it. B．Practice makes perfect. C．A kind teacher makes a difference. D．Well begun, half done. C Great academic pressure and social worries often leave high school students feeling anxious and tired. While people have long believed that outdoor nature benefits mental health, a new Japanese study suggests that relief can be much simpler than expected — even a short look at a desk plant can effectively reduce teenagers’ stress. In the study, researchers invited 85 high school students to take part in a controlled experiment. Each student was asked to stay relaxed and look at a green plant for three minutes. The research team recorded their heart rates and their emotional state both before and after the simple task. The results showed that most students’ heart rates dropped obviously, and they reported less anxiety and greater comfort after watching the green plants for a short time. According to researchers, green plants can activate the body’s natural relaxation system, which helps balance physical tension caused by pressure. Since teenagers’ nervous systems are still developing, they are more sensitive to negative emotions than adults. As a result, small changes in their visual environment can produce noticeable mental effects. One impressive finding is that the improvement requires little time or effort. Even during tight school schedules, a three-minute break is enough for students to restore inner calm and regain energy. Though plants cannot remove stress completely, they provide an easy, low-cost way for teenagers to adjust their mood. The study reminds us that the simplest things in life can play a valuable role in keeping our mental health. 8．What is the key finding of the Japanese study? A．Outdoor activities are necessary for students’ mental health. B．Watching green plants for a short time lowers teens’ stress. C．Teenagers are more anxious than adults in daily life. D．Heart rates can show one’s physical condition clearly. 9．What did researchers do in the experiment? A．They compared students’ moods with adults’. B．They asked students to look after plants carefully. C．They tracked students’ physical and mental changes. D．They asked students to finish relaxing tasks daily. 10．What does the underlined word “restore” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．give up B．get back C．give away D．take over 11．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To introduce a stress-relief way supported by a study. B．To encourage students to develop a hobby of growing plants. C．To show teenagers suffer from serious pressure at school. D．To stress the importance of keeping a regular schedule. D Many people think gardening belongs only to the countryside, but urban gardening is becoming popular among city people. It offers a chance for people to get close to nature in crowded cities. 12 It is also a useful way to reduce stress and improve mental health. Before you begin urban gardening, you should judge your living conditions first. 13 If you live in an apartment with little room, potted plants on your balcony will work best. If you have a small yard, you can grow different flowers and vegetables. 14 Not every plant fits city indoor environments. Some plants need plenty of direct sunlight, while others grow well in cool, shady places. Picking plants that suit your living conditions will make it much easier for them to survive. For urban gardening, keeping regular care is more important than quick results. 15 Instead, simple daily work like watering and removing dry leaves helps plants grow better. Actually, urban gardening is more than just a hobby. It helps people slow down from busy city life. 16 A．Many people think gardening takes too much time. B．Picking proper plants is another important step. C．It lets citizens enjoy the beauty of nature. D．You should buy costly plants for a better result. E．The space you have is the main thing to consider. F．So traditional gardening skills cannot be used in cities. G．In this way, people can feel calm and relaxed at home. 二、完形填空 A teacher gave his students a test. Most of the students finished the questions without much 17 until they all read the last one — What is the first name of the woman who 18 the school? All of the students thought that this question was some kind of 19 . They all saw the cleaning woman many times each day at school. It was 20 that she was tall and old, but how could they 21 her name? So they all 22 their test paper, leaving the last question 23 . Just before the class ended, one of the students asked if the mark for the last question would count toward the results of the 24 . “Sure,” said the teacher, adding that their answers to each question on the test paper would be 25 to the final score. He went on saying, “In your lives and careers, you will 26 many people and they are 27 individuals (个体) who enrich and perfect your life experience, so they each are worth your 28 and care. So all you should do is 29 and say hello.” Over the following days each of the students 30 the importance of finding out the name of the cleaner and introduced themselves. They all learned that the cleaner’s name was Dorothy and they never forgot the lesson 31 by their teacher that everyone is important. 17．A．interest B．effort C．strategy D．regard 18．A．cleans B．manages C．supports D．guards 19．A．pity B．risk C．story D．joke 20．A．natural B．obvious C．surprising D．strange 21．A．write B．sign C．know D．decide 22．A．left behind B．lifted up C．concentrated on D．handed in 23．A．unanswered B．appreciated C．unprepared D．checked 24．A．experiment B．presentation C．test D．competition 25．A．applied B．sent C．related D．compared 26．A．help B．calm C．respect D．meet 27．A．important B．responsible C．outgoing D．confident 28．A．consideration B．attention C．discussion D．protection 29．A．focus B．smile C．wait D．impress 30．A．proved B．regretted C．explained D．realized 31．A．taught B．explored C．invented D．demanded 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the late 18th century, a form of drama called “French Light and Shadow” gained widespread popularity in Paris and Marseilles. This art form was inspired by traditional Chinese shadow play (皮影戏) dating back over 2,000 years, which, often 32 (refer) to as the world’s earliest “movie art”, combines live performance with voice effects. By the Song Dynasty, it 33 (grow) into a highly-developed art capable of relating stories of the Three Kingdoms before the rise of traditional Chinese opera. During the Ming Dynasty, shadow plays became 34 popular form of entertainment, especially in cities like Beijing. Even today, its influence can still be seen in modern film-making, 35 (shape) how stories are told. Creating shadow-play puppets (木偶) requires both choice 36 (material) and skills. Donkey hide (驴皮) is carved into the heads, limbs and bodies of the figures, then painted and joined using threads and links. The true magic of shadow play lies not just in its making, 37 in its live performance, 38 a team of puppeteers (木偶操纵师), narrators, and musicians work together in harmony. During the performance, as light shines on the human figures, vivid shadows 39 (project) onto a screen. The puppeteers, standing behind the screen, move the figures 40 five bamboo sticks, while the narrators sing and the musicians play instruments like drums and gongs (锣). On the opposite side, audiences see the figures on the screen come to life through the shadows, whose movements are so 41 (express) that people forget they’re just watching shadows. 四、书信写作 42．假定你是阳光中学的学生李华, 昨天你们班开了一场班会, 同学们就线上学习的利弊展开了激烈的讨论。请你用英语写一篇短文, 内容包括: 1. 60%的同学认为利大于弊; 2. 40%的同学认为弊大于利; 3. 你的观点。 注意: 1. 写作词数应为80个左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $