精品解析：上海复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年第一学期高二年级英语学科1月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试题
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复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期
高二年级英语学科1月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷
I. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Your Turn: Should Risky Sports Be Banned? A team of mountain climbers wanted to be the first to climb a particular mountain in the winter. Then they had to be rescued by army helicopters. Nearly a hundred sailboats ____1____ (participate) in an ocean race when a severe storm occurred. Two sailors and one rescue worker died during the rescue mission. Adventurer Richard Branson tried to fly a balloon around the world and crashed several times. Millions of dollars ____2____ (spend) to search for him and bring him home safely.
We asked our readers for their opinions. Paulo: What, exactly, is a risky sport? People have died while swimming, playing soccer, or even walking, but no one says those sports are dangerous. I could get in an accident while ____3____ (drive) to my office. You can't ban all risky sports ____4____ people have different definitions of "risky”. Jackie: Yes, they should be banned! Why should these risk takers put other people's lives ____5____ danger?
And why should citizens pay all that tax money for rescue operations? Public money should not be used to help ____6____ takes any risks without planning ahead for rescue. Matt: It is a personal choice to put your life at risk. We should not allow the government to put limits on your lives. If you are an adult, it should be your decision, not the government's! And if rescuers have decided to take a dangerous job, the choice was ____7____ too. The world would be very boring if people never took risks. Lisa: All people need a challenge.
Some people really enjoy taking risks, and if ____8____ (not allow) to take high-risk sports, they will feel unhappy and look for risky adventures in other areas, like business or politics, or their personal life, ____9____ would cause a lot more problems in the world. Ramesh: They should be banned, and journalists should stop writing and talking about the things that these crazy people do. All this publicity gives a lot of bad ideas to teenagers and encourages them _____10_____ (try) dangerous things.
【答案】1. were participating
2. were spent
3. driving 4. because
5. in 6. whoever
7. theirs 8. not allowed
9. which 10. to try
【解析】
【导语】本文围绕“危险运动是否该被禁止”这一话题，列举多起危险运动遇险救援事例，并展示了五位读者不同的观点。
【1题详解】
考查时态。 句意：近一百艘帆船正在参加一场远洋比赛，这时一场猛烈的暴风雨来袭。 固定句型be doing.....when......表示 “正在做某事，这时突然……”；主语Nearly a hundred sailboats 是复数，事件发生在过去，be动词用 were。
【2题详解】
考查时态和语态。 句意：数百万美元被花在搜寻他、把他安全带回家这件事上。主语 Millions of dollars和spend是被动关系；讲述过去发生的事，用一般过去时；主语为复数，谓语动词用复数。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语动词。 句意：我开车去办公室的时候也可能发生事故。while 引导时间状语从句，从句主语和主句主语 I 一致，且I和drive 是主动关系，从句省略主语和 be动词，填driving。
【4题详解】
考查连词。 句意：你不能禁止所有危险运动，因为人们对“危险”有着不同的定义。 后半句是前半句“不能禁止” 的原因，用because引导原因状语从句。
【5题详解】
考查介词。 句意：为什么这些冒险者要把其他人的生命置于危险之中？固定搭配 put......in danger 意为“使……处于危险中”。
【6题详解】
考查连词。句意：公共资金不应该用来帮助任何一个没有提前做好救援预案就冒险的人。 help后是宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指代“任何人”，whoever = anyone who，意为“无论谁”。
【7题详解】
考查代词。句意：并且如果救援人员当初选择了这份危险的工作，那选择也是他们自己的。此处指代“their choice”，后面没有名词，用名词性物主代词theirs。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：有些人非常享受冒险，如果不能从事高风险的运动，他们就会感到不快，并在其他领域寻找冒险的机会，比如商业、政治或个人生活，这反而会给世界带来更多的问题。if 引导条件状语从句，从句主语they和allow是被动关系，从句省略主语和be动词，故用not allowed。
【9题详解】
考查定语从句。 句意：有些人非常享受冒险，如果不能从事高风险的运动，他们就会感到不快，并在其他领域寻找冒险的机会，比如商业、政治或个人生活，这反而会给世界带来更多的问题。which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整件事，在从句中作主语。
【10题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：所有这些宣传给青少年灌输很多不好的想法，怂恿他们去尝试危险的事情。固定搭配encourage sb. to do sth.，意为“鼓励/怂恿某人做某事”，用不定式作宾语补足语。
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. achievement B. compare C. disappointments D. experimented E. particular F. pointless G. purposeful H. reminded I. sacrifice J. shape K. therapy
Sport — You've got to love it
Record levels of people do no sport at all, while others will not even watch it. Jerry Travis explains what they're missing. Healthy body, healthy mind. It's maybe obvious, but worth repeating: sport keeps you in ____11____. Moreover, people who are physically fit are, on average, happier. In fact, the British health service has recently ____12____ with giving people suffering from mild depression a course of exercise instead of drugs; gym membership rather than ____13____. Preparation for life I'm not talking about those weird non-competitive sports that some schools insist on: no winners, no losers and everyone gets a prize.
Not only are such games dull and ____14____ for children, but life is simply not like that. Competitive sport teaches us to cope with losing and ____15____. Sure, we're not all naturally sporty, but then I'm rubbish at crosswords. You just have to find your own level and learn to enjoy your own performance. You can feel the same sense of ____16____ a Real Madrid winning a game, by beating an opponent who is at a slightly higher (though still low!) level than you. Similarly, I'm happy completing a puzzle others would find easy. Social and fun What would we do without sport?
Read? Play computer games? Hang around on the street? Obviously these aren't necessarily all bad things — reading in ____17____ brings many benefits — but the first two are hardly social, and the last not that interesting or ____18____. Playing sports helps to build relationships and teaches the importance of supporting each other whether you win or lose. I'm ____19____ of a lovely, funny scene in a film called Gregory's Girl, where two teenage characters ____20____ injuries they've had after a bad game. Likewise, sports fans often enjoy sharing the pain of their team losing almost as much as the joy of winning.
【答案】11. J 12. D
13. K 14. F
15. C 16. A
17. E 18. G
19. H 20. B
【解析】
【导语】文章讲述体育运动的价值，说明运动有益身心健康，教会人们面对得失，还能促进社交、收获乐趣。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：这道理或许显而易见，但值得反复重申：运动能让你保持健康体魄。根据上文“sport”可知，运动能让你保持健康体魄。固定搭配in shape表示“身体健康、状态良好”，名词shape意为“状态，身形”，放在介词in后作宾语。
【12题详解】
考查动词过去分词。句意：事实上，英国医疗部门最近开展了一项试验：给轻度抑郁症患者提供一套运动方案，而不是药物；提供健身房会员资格，而非心理治疗。根据“giving people suffering from mild depression a course of exercise instead of drugs”可知，英国医疗部门最近开展了一项试验。本句为现在完成时，experiment with是固定搭配，意为“尝试，试用”，experimented是experiment的过去分词形式。
【13题详解】
考查名词。句意：事实上，英国医疗部门最近开展了一项试验：给轻度抑郁症患者提供一套运动方案，而不是药物；提供健身房会员资格，而非心理治疗。根据上文“instead of drugs; gym membership”前文提到抑郁症、药物，名词therapy意为“疗法，治疗”，和drugs对应，作rather than的宾语。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这类比赛不仅枯燥，对孩子们来说也是毫无意义的，而且生活本就不是这个样子。根据“dull”对孩子们来说也是毫无意义的。形容词pointless意为“无意义的，徒劳的”，和dull并列作表语。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意：竞技体育教会我们应对失败与失望。根据“losing”可知，竞技体育教会我们应对失败与失望。作cope with的宾语，用disappointments。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：你可以体会到和皇家马德里赢下比赛时一样的成就感，只要击败一个水平略高于你（尽管依旧不高）的对手。根据“by beating an opponent who is at a slightly higher (though still low!) level than you.”可知，击败对手会获得成就感。a sense of achievement是固定搭配，意为“成就感”，名词achievement放在of后面作宾语。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：显然这些不一定全是坏事——尤其是阅读能带来很多益处，但前两者几乎不具备社交属性，而最后一项活动也没有那么有趣或者有目标感。根据“brings many benefits”可知，此处表示强调。in particular是固定短语，意为“尤其，特别”。
【18题详解】
考查形容词。句意：显然这些不一定全是坏事——尤其是阅读能带来很多益处，但前两者几乎不具备社交属性，而最后一项活动也没有那么有趣或者有目标感。根据“interesting”可知，后一项活动也没有那么有趣或者有目标感。形容词purposeful意为“有目的的，有意义的”，和interesting并列作表语。
【19题详解】
考查动词过去分词。句意：这让我想起电影《格雷戈里的女孩》里一段温馨有趣的片段，影片里两个少年角色对比他们在一场糟糕的比赛之后受的伤。根据“a lovely, funny scene in a film called Gregory's Girl”可知，想起电影《格雷戈里的女孩》里一段温馨有趣的片段。be reminded of是固定搭配，意为“想起，回忆起”，reminded是remind的过去分词，和be动词构成被动。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：这让我想起电影《格雷戈里的女孩》里一段温馨有趣的片段，影片里两个少年角色对比他们在一场糟糕的比赛之后受的伤。根据句子结构，此处缺少谓语动词，根据“Likewise, sports fans often enjoy sharing the pain of their team losing almost as much as the joy of winning.”可知，影片里两个少年角色对比他们在一场糟糕的比赛之后受的伤。compare意为“比较，对比”，描述电影情节，用一般现在时。
II. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Nearly two years ago, I’d spent some time trying to fix up my bike at a local bike shop, when one of the volunteers told me that the chain was worn, and I should come back soon to replace it. A week later, the first lockdown began and I put the chain out of my mind. A few weeks later, it ____21____ beneath me and I found myself face down in a pool of my own blood. When I wrote about my misfortune, I neglected to mention the most obvious lesson: replace your bike chain at the first sign of ____22____. But I am not alone in that ____23____. We understand the expertise of doorkeepers, plumbers and mechanics, and we suffer greatly in their absence, yet somehow we take them for granted. We take for granted, too, the most basic maintenance of all, like preparing food and washing clothes. Nobody would talk ____24____ at a dinner party about doing any of this, yet it is essential. Maintenance is so ____25____ that we don’t really know how much of a problem we have. In his book The Shock of the Old, David Edgerton writes, “Maintenance has lived in a twilight (朦胧的、模糊的) world, hardly visible in the formal accounts societies make of themselves. In the economic and production statistics, for example, it is ____26____ ”. Maintenance is more ____27____ than manufacturing. It requires diagnosis, judgment and improvisation. We can build robots that make dishwashers, but we can’t build robots that repair them. As automation closes in on a world ____28____ respected, skilled and fulfilling blue-collar jobs, perhaps we should be taking maintenance more seriously. And maintenance can ____29____ communities. Elinor Ostrom, the first woman to win a Nobel memorial prize in economics, once studied Nepalese communities before and after modern dams and irrigation (灌溉) systems were installed by development agencies. There had always been a ____30____ between farming communities upstream and downstream: we’ll help keep the canals clear, if you help maintain the dam upstream. But the modern dams needed fewer ____31____, and so the bargain fell apart, leaving the modern system less effective than the traditional irrigation. The need to maintain the old irrigation system was also helping to ____32____ strong relationships between villages. A few months after my ____33____, I ventured out to the White Horse of Uffington, a monument in the Oxfordshire countryside that has endured for 3,000 years thanks only to tireless maintenance as villagers from miles around would gather to “wash” or “chalk” the horse. It’s a lot of work, but perhaps that is the ____34____: historians think that the horse was created and maintained as a way of bringing a community together with a regular ritual (仪式). Perhaps that is over-romanticising things. Whatever we view maintenance as, it is ____35____. Without it, everything falls apart.
21. A. gave way B. took off C. set in D. went on
22. A. resistance B. trouble C. improvement D. trust
23. A. innovation B. patience C. treatment D. oversight
24. A. proudly B. negatively C. luckily D. wrongly
25. A. underlined B. understood C. underrated D. understaffed
26. A. informal B. invisible C. simple D. complex
27. A. traditional B. natural C. worrisome D. varied
28. A. crying out for B. coming up with C. going out of D. leading up to
29. A. manage B. investigate C. build D. enlarge
30. A. link B. bargain C. difference D. barrier
31. A. places B. costs C. repairs D. chances
32. A. maintain B. identify C. describe D. influence
33. A. request B. departure C. journey D. accident
34. A. problem B. point C. source D. direction
35. A. undependable B. inadequate C. inescapable D. unacceptable
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【导语】文章以作者自行车链条损坏的个人经历引入，论证“维护”被严重低估，呼吁人们重视维护工作及其社会价值。
【21题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：几周之后，车链在我身下断裂，我脸朝下摔在地上，血流了一地。A. gave way断裂；B. took off起飞；C. set in开始；D. went on继续。根据前文“Nearly two years ago, I’d spent some time trying to fix up my bike at a local bike shop, when one of the volunteers told me that the chain was worn, and I should come back soon to replace it. A week later, the first lockdown began and I put the chain out of my mind.”可知，志愿者提醒车链磨损，需要尽快更换，而作者忘记更换，以至于脸朝下摔在血泊里，说明自行车链条断裂失效导致作者摔倒。
【22题详解】
考查名词。句意：当我写下这次倒霉经历时，我忽略了那个最浅显的教训：一出现故障迹象，就要换掉自行车链条。A. resistance抵抗；B. trouble故障；C. improvement改善；D. trust信任。根据前文“one of the volunteers told me that the chain was worn”及“When I wrote about my misfortune, I neglected to mention the most obvious lesson”可知，此处是作者得到的教训：一出现故障迹象就该更换自行车链条，trouble表示“问题、故障”，对应前文链条磨损的隐患。
【23题详解】
考查名词。句意：但有这种疏忽的并不只有我一个人。A. innovation创新；B. patience耐心；C. treatment治疗；D. oversight疏忽。根据前文“I neglected to mention the most obvious lesson”可知，作者忽略了换链条的教训，这里说不止作者有这种疏忽，oversight呼应前文的neglected。
【24题详解】
考查副词。句意：没有人会在晚宴上自豪地聊起做这些琐事，可它们却必不可少。A. proudly自豪地；B. negatively消极地；C. luckily幸运地；D. wrongly错误地。根据前文“We take for granted, too, the most basic maintenance of all, like preparing food and washing clothes.”可知，人们把做饭、洗衣这类基础维护琐事当成理所当然的事，不是值得炫耀的事，所以不会被人们自豪地谈论。
【25题详解】
考查形容词。句意：维护工作被严重低估，以至于我们并不清楚我们面临多大的问题。A. underlined强调；B. understood理解；C. underrated低估；D. understaffed人员不足的。根据前文“We take for granted, too, the most basic maintenance of all, like preparing food and washing clothes.”及“yet it is essential”可知，人们把做饭、洗衣这类基础维护琐事当成理所当然的事，但它们却是生活中必不可少的，说明维护这件事长期被人们低估。
【26题详解】
考查形容词。句意：戴维・埃杰顿在《旧物的冲击》一书中写道：“维护一直处在一个朦胧的地带，在社会对自身的正式记述里几乎无迹可寻。比如，在经济和生产统计数据中，它是看不见的。”A. informal非正式的；B. invisible看不见的；C. simple简单的；D. complex复杂的。根据前文“Maintenance has lived in a twilight (朦胧的、模糊的) world, hardly visible in the formal accounts societies make of themselves.”可知，维护在社会正式的记载里几乎是隐形的，此处表示在经济和生产统计数据中也是看不见的，invisible和前文的hardly visible相呼应。
【27题详解】
考查形容词。句意：维护工作比生产制造更加丰富多样。A. traditional传统的；B. natural自然的；C. worrisome令人担忧的；D. varied各种各样的。根据后文“It requires diagnosis, judgment and improvisation. We can build robots that make dishwashers, but we can’t build robots that repair them.”可知，维护需要诊断故障、现场判断、临场随机应变，和统一的制造不同，说明维护比制造更多样化。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：自动化步步逼近，而这个世界迫切需要受人尊重、有技术、有成就感的蓝领工作，或许我们应当更加重视维护工作。A. crying out for迫切需要；B. coming up with想出；C. going out of从……离开；D. leading up to导致。根据前文“We can build robots that make dishwashers, but we can’t build robots that repair them.”可知，我们可以制造能制造洗碗机的机器人，但我们不能制造能修理洗碗机的机器人，所以自动化更需要蓝领工人来从事维护工作。
【29题详解】
考查动词。句意：并且维护工作能够构建社群联结。A. manage管理；B. investigate调查；C. build建立；D. enlarge扩大。根据后文“The need to maintain the old irrigation system was also helping to ________ strong relationships between villages.”并结合后文尼泊尔社区靠维护灌溉系统维系关系的例子可知，维护活动能够建立人与人、村落之间的联结，可以构建社群联结。
【30题详解】
考查名词。句意：上游和下游的农耕社群之间一直存在一项约定：如果你方帮忙维护上游的水坝，我们就帮忙疏通运河。A. link联系；B. bargain约定；C. difference差异；D. barrier障碍。根据后文“we’ll help keep the canals clear, if you help maintain the dam upstream.”可知，冒号后是上下游社群之间达成的互惠约定，且后文出现原词复现“so the bargain fell apart”。
【31题详解】
考查名词。句意：但现代化的水坝不需要那么多维修工作，于是这份约定瓦解了，使得这套现代化系统的效果反而不如传统灌溉系统。A. places地点；B. costs花费；C. repairs修理；D. chances机会。根据前文“we’ll help keep the canals clear, if you help maintain the dam upstream.”及空前的“the modern dams needed fewer”可知，上下游社群之间达成互惠的维护水坝的约定，但现代水坝需要的维护工作更少，所以约定就失效了。
【32题详解】
考查动词。句意：维护旧灌溉系统的需求，也有助于维系村庄之间牢固的关系。A. maintain维持；B. identify识别；C. describe描述；D. influence影响。根据前文“we’ll help keep the canals clear, if you help maintain the dam upstream.”可知，传统灌溉系统依赖互助维护，所以能维系村庄间的关系，maintain贴合全文核心的“维护”主题。
【33题详解】
考查名词。句意：在这次事故过去几个月后，我前去参观了乌芬顿白马石刻。这座牛津郡乡间的古迹能够留存三千年，全靠不懈的维护，方圆数英里的村民会聚集在一起，为白马 “清洗”、补涂白垩。A. request要求；B. departure离开；C. journey旅途；D. accident事故。根据首段中“I found myself face down in a pool of my own blood”可知，文章开头提到作者摔车流血这件意外，此处表示在这次事故之后，作者去参观了一处古迹。
【34题详解】
考查名词。句意：这是一项繁重的工作，但或许这正是其意义所在：历史学家认为，建造并持续维护这匹白马，是借助固定仪式凝聚社群的一种方式。A. problem问题；B. point要点；C. source来源；D. direction方向。根据后文“historians think that the horse was created and maintained as a way of bringing a community together with a regular ritual”可知，冒号后解释了历史学家认为建造和维护白马遗迹是为了用固定仪式凝聚社区，这就是维护的要点所在。
【35题详解】
考查形容词。句意：无论我们如何看待维护这件事，它都是无法回避的。缺少了维护，一切都会崩塌。A. undependable不可靠的；B. inadequate不足的；C. inescapable不可避免的；D. unacceptable不能接受的。根据后文“Without it, everything falls apart.”可知，没有维护一切都会瓦解，说明维护是无法回避、必不可少的。
Section B
Directions： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
（A）
In the desert of Peru, 300 kilometers from Lima, one of the most unusual artworks in the world has mystified people for decades. Seen from the ground, it looks like lines scratched into the earth. But from high above, these marks are huge images of birds, fish and seashells, all beautifully carved into the earth.
The Nazca lines are so difficult to see from the ground that they weren’t discovered until the 1930s, when pilots spotted them while flying over the area. In all, there are about 70 different human and animal figures on the plain, along with 900 triangles, circles, and lines.
Researchers have figured out that the lines are at least 1,500 years old, bat their purpose is still a mystery. A Swiss writer named Erich von Dãniken wrote that the Nazca lines were designed as a landing place of UFOs. However, it would probably be very tricky to land a spaceship in the middle of pictures of dogs and monkeys.
In the 1940s, an American explorer named Paul Kosok suggested that the drawings were a chronicle of the movement of the stars and planets. He called Nazca “the largest astronomy book in the world”. Later, an astronomer tested his theory with a computer, but he couldn’t find any relation between the lines and movements in space.
Another explanation is that the lines may have been made for religious reasons. British researcher Tony Morrison investigated the customs of people in the Andes Mountains and learned that they sometimes pray by the side of the road. If s possible that in the past, the lines of Nazca were created for a similar purpose. The largest pictures may have been the sites for special ceremonies. But the local people have never constructed anything this big.
Recently, two other scientists, David Johnson and Steve Mabee, have speculated that the lines could have been related to water. Nazca is one of the driest places in the world and received only 2 cm of rain every year. While Johnson was searching for ancient water sources in the area, he noticed that some waterways built by ancient people were connected with the lines. Johnson believes that the Nazca lines are a giant map of the underground water in the area. Other scientists are now searching for evidence to prove this.
36. Why weren’t the Nazca lines discovered for a long time in history?
A. They were located in an inaccessible desert. B. They were not easy to see from the ground.
C. They were not recorded in any history book. D. They were covered by some beautiful figures.
37. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Paul Kosok found that the lines showed a starts movement.
B. Erich von Dãniken once saw a UFO landing near the Nazca lines.
C. Tony Morrison thought the lines had something to do with religion.
D. David Johnson and Steve Mabee unearthed a waterway system under the lines.
38. ________ view on the purpose of the lines hasn’t been proved wrong.
A. Erich von Dãniken’s B. Paul Kosok’s
C. Tony Morrison’s D. David Johnson and Steve Mabee’s
39. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. The Origins of Nazca B. The History of Nazca
C. The Mysteries of Nazca D. The Discovery of Nazca
【答案】36. B 37. C 38. D 39. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了在距离利马300公里的秘鲁沙漠里，世界上最不寻常的艺术品之一几十年来一直让人们感到困惑，那就是纳斯卡线条。这些线条至少有1500年的历史，但它们的用途仍是个谜，因此人们纷纷对此进行了猜测。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The Nazca lines are so difficult to see from the ground that they weren’t discovered until the 1930s, when pilots spotted them while flying over the area.(纳斯卡线条从地面上很难看到，直到20世纪30年代，飞行员在飞越该地区时发现了它们)”可知，历史上很长一段时间没有发现纳斯卡线条因为从地上看不清楚。故选B。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“Another explanation is that the lines may have been made for religious reasons. British researcher Tony Morrison investigated the customs of people in the Andes Mountains and learned that they sometimes pray by the side of the road. If s possible that in the past, the lines of Nazca were created for a similar purpose. The largest pictures may have been the sites for special ceremonies.(另一种解释是，划定这些界限可能是出于宗教原因。英国研究人员Tony Morrison调查了安第斯山脉居民的习俗，发现他们有时会在路边祈祷。如果可能的话，过去的纳斯卡线条也是为了类似的目的而创造的。最大的照片可能是举行特殊仪式的地点)”可知，C选项“Tony Morrison认为线条与宗教有关”正确。故选C。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Other scientists are now searching for evidence to prove this.(其他科学家正在寻找证据来证明这一点)”可知，David Johnson和Steve Mabee关于这些线的目的的观点并没有被证明是错误的。故选D。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“The Nazca lines are so difficult to see from the ground that they weren’t discovered until the 1930s, when pilots spotted them while flying over the area. In all, there are about 70 different human and animal figures on the plain, along with 900 triangles, circles, and lines.(纳斯卡线条从地面上很难看到，直到20世纪30年代才被发现，当时飞行员在飞越该地区时发现了它们。平原上总共有大约70个不同的人类和动物形象，以及900个三角形、圆形和线条)”结合文章主要说明了在距离利马300公里的秘鲁沙漠里，世界上最不寻常的艺术品之一几十年来一直让人们感到困惑，那就是纳斯卡线条。这些线条至少有1500年的历史，但它们的用途仍是个谜，因此人们纷纷对此进行了猜测。可知，C选项“纳斯卡的秘密”最符合文章标题。故选C。
（B）
Traditional clothing Jamaica's traditional clothing is made from lightweight materials such as cotton or linen in bright colours. Women often wear handmade clothes made from calico, a type of printed cotton cloth with a striped pattern and colourful headscarves. Men prefer jeans or light-coloured trousers, short-sleeved shirts and sometimes a bandana on their heads. The quadrille dress, which is the national costume of Jamaica, is worn for special celebrations and traditional dancing. The cotton dress has a similar pattern to Scottish tartan (格子呢). Attitude The carefree attitude of this Caribbean island has undoubtedly influenced Jamaican clothing. Usually bright and colourful, comfortable clothing is a must and lightweight fabrics (面料) are favoured over heavy ones.
Beachwear is also a significant part of Jamaican attire and Jamaican coastlines are packed with people wearing western-style swimming costumes, shorts and flip-flops. Rastafarianism The Rastafarian movement started in Jamaica, and Rastafarian-inspired clothing, with its characteristic three colours of red, green and gold, is widespread on the island. Rastafarian or Rasta clothing is made from natural materials such as cotton, wool or fibres from the hemp plant. One immediately recognizable Rasta accessory (配饰) is the ‘rastacap’, or ‘tam’, the knitted hat which is worn over dreadlocks. Rasta clothing is often associated with both fans and musicians of reggae music, such as the legendary Bob Marley.
Fashion shows Jamaica holds two well-known fashion events every year: the Caribbean Fashion Week and Style Week Jamaica. The events attract international designers who come to see the latest trends and styles from the Caribbean. They also give local Jamaican designers a chance to share their talent with the rest of the world. Young designers are also being featured on reality TV shows in Jamaica like Mission Catwalk, which aims to discover talented local designers and help them to enter the international world of fashion. Among Jamaica’s successful fashion designers is Bob Marley’s daughter, Cedella, who has created her own fashion label, Catch a Fire, named after one of her father’s albums, and whose clothing is also inspired by him.
40. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. Jamaica: Fashion and People
B. Jamaica: Clothes and Culture
C. Jamaica: Attitudes and Lifestyles
D. Jamaica: Traditional and Modern
41. Which of the following statements is true of Jamaica’s traditional clothing?
A. Their dress resembles Scottish tartan in pattern.
B. Men can be seen wearing fruit on their head.
C. Men often have their knitted hats on in traditional dancing.
D. Women can't wear light-coloured trousers in public places.
42. How do Jamaica’s young fashion designers get to be known?
A. By designing Rastafarian clothing.
B. By going to reality TV shows.
C. By working with Cedella Marley.
D. By taking a carefree attitude.
【答案】40. B 41. A 42. B
【解析】
【导语】文章主要介绍了牙买加不同类型服饰、相关文化以及当地时尚活动与设计师的情况。
【40题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Traditional clothing Jamaica's traditional clothing is made from lightweight materials such as cotton or linen in bright colours.(牙买加的传统服饰由棉、亚麻等轻质面料制成，色彩鲜艳。)”、第一段“The carefree attitude of this Caribbean island has undoubtedly influenced Jamaican clothing.(这座加勒比海岛无忧无虑的氛围无疑影响了牙买加服饰。)”、第二段“The Rastafarian movement started in Jamaica, and Rastafarian-inspired clothing, with its characteristic three colours of red, green and gold, is widespread on the island.(拉斯塔法里运动起源于牙买加，受其启发、以红、绿、金三色为特色的服饰在岛上十分普遍。)”、第三段 “Jamaica holds two well-known fashion events every year: the Caribbean Fashion Week and Style Week Jamaica.(牙买加每年举办两场知名时尚活动：加勒比时装周和牙买加风尚周。)” 可知文章介绍牙买加服饰和相关文化。所以最佳标题为“牙买加：服饰与文化”。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The cotton dress has a similar pattern to Scottish tartan (格子呢).(这款棉质连衣裙的图案和苏格兰格子呢相似。)”可知，这种裙子的图案和苏格兰格子呢相像。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Young designers are also being featured on reality TV shows in Jamaica like Mission Catwalk, which aims to discover talented local designers and help them to enter the international world of fashion.(年轻设计师也登上牙买加的真人秀节目，例如《Mission Catwalk》，该节目旨在发掘有天赋的本土设计师，帮助他们走进国际时尚圈。)”可知，年轻设计师通过真人秀节目被人们熟知。
（C）
Aviculturists, people who raise birds for commercial sale, have not yet learned how to create similar conditions to the natural incubation (孵化) of parrot eggs in the wild. They continue to look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates. When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity (湿度) of the nest are controlled naturally. Heat is transferred from the bird’s skin to the top of the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. This temperature difference may be vital to successful hatching.
Nest construction can contribute to this temperature difference. Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirt are cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material. Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottom sections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water. As the water that collects in the bottom of the nest changes into gas, the water vapor rises and is heated by the incubating bird, which adds significant humidity to the incubation environment.
In artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrots and incubate them under laboratory conditions. Most commercial incubators heat the eggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the bird’s method of natural incubation, and perhaps reducing the survivability of the hatching chicks. When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes outdoors to use as nests in which to place eggs.
In areas where weather can become cold after eggs are laid, it is very important to maintain a deep foundation of nesting material to protect eggs against the cold bottom of the box. If eggs rest against the wooden bottom in extremely cold weather conditions, they can become chilled to a point where the embryo (胚胎) can no longer survive. Similarly, these boxes should be protected from direct sunlight to avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growing embryo. Nesting material should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both extreme temperature situations mentioned above and ensure that the eggs have a soft, secure place to rest.
43. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Nesting material varies according to the parrots’ environment.
B. Humidity is an important factor in incubating parrots’ eggs.
C. Aviculturists have constructed the ideal nest box for parrots.
D. Wild parrots’ nests provide information useful for artificial incubation.
44. According to paragraph 1, when the temperature of the sides and bottom of the egg is cooler than the top, then ________.
A. there may be a good chance for successful incubation
B. the incubating parent moves the egg to a new position
C. the embryo will not develop normally
D. the incubation process is slowed down
45. The construction of the nest allows water to ________.
A. provide a beneficial source of humidity in the nest
B. loosen the materials at the bottom of the nest
C. keep the nest in a clean condition
D. touch the bottom of the eggs
46. Which of the following is a problem with commercial incubators?
A. They are expensive to operate.
B. They are unable to heat the eggs evenly.
C. They lack the natural temperature changes.
D. They fail to transfer heat to eggs like parent birds do.
【答案】43. D 44. A 45. A 46. C
【解析】
【导语】文章主要讲述养鸟人研究野生鹦鹉自然孵化的特点，以此改进人工孵化方式，提高鹦鹉蛋孵化和雏鸟存活几率。
【43题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity (湿度) of the nest are controlled naturally. Heat is transferred from the bird's skin to the top of the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. This temperature difference may be vital to successful hatching.(野生鹦鹉孵蛋时，巢穴内的温度与湿度可以自然调节。热量从亲鸟的皮肤传递到蛋壳顶部，使鸟蛋侧面和底部温度更低。这种温差对于成功孵化可能至关重要。)”可知，野生鹦鹉巢穴能为人工孵化提供参考。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Heat is transferred from the bird's skin to the top of the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. This temperature difference may be vital to successful hatching.(热量从亲鸟皮肤传递到蛋壳顶部，让蛋的侧面和底部温度更低。这种温差对成功孵化至关重要。)” 可知，蛋侧面、底部温度更低时，孵化成功的可能性较大。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“As the water that collects in the bottom of the nest changes into gas, the water vapor rises and is heated by the incubating bird, which adds significant humidity to the incubation environment.(积聚在巢穴底部的水变成水汽，水汽上升并被孵蛋的亲鸟加热，为孵化环境增加大量湿度。)”可知，巢穴构造让水为巢内提供有益的湿度。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Most commercial incubators heat the eggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the bird's method of natural incubation, and perhaps reducing the survivability of the hatching chicks.(大多数商用孵化器给蛋自上而下均匀加热，忽视了亲鸟的自然孵化方式，可能降低雏鸟存活率。)”可知，自然孵化存在顶部热、底部凉的温度变化，而商用孵化器均匀加热，缺少这种自然的温度变化。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Gyms that profit most from the January rush
Every year, like clockwork, many people go through the same routine. On December 26th and January 1st, as the fog of cheese, chocolate oranges and champagne lifts, regret creeps（悄悄出现）in. Online searches for “get fit” and “lose weight” increase.____47____“Intent typically takes seven to 14 days to turn into reality,” notes Humphrey Cobbold, chief executive of Pure Gym, Britain’s largest gym chain. So this week will be one of the busiest for the gym industry globally.
Many gym recruits（新成员）will have their new sportswear on for high-intensity interval training. In the basement of Another Space, a club near London’s Leicester Square, music pumps and light flash as a trainer shouts instructions to a group of mostly young women. They are pushed through bursts of burpees, handclap push-ups and various kick and punches at boxing bags. The training is murderous.____48____Such high-end gym can charge up to eight times as much as low-cost ones, based on two visits a week over a year.
They are at one end of a fitness market.____49____America’s market leader, Planet Fitness, promises “the best value on the planet”, and has over 10 million members; its shares rose in 2017. One in seven people in Britain is a gym member, and 35% of private memberships are low-cost, up from 14% in 2013, according to Leisure DB, a data firm. Mid-range clubs, meanwhile, have fared less well. Virgin Active recently sold its less luxurious facilities in Britain to avoid being squished（压扁）in the middle.
Pure Gym expects soon to reach 1 million members. Part of its appeal is that, unlike traditional gyms, members are not bound by a long contract. “We have taken a £500 decision and turned it into a £20 decision,” says Mr Cobbold.____50____Most new joiners do not plan to spend much money. But gyms proper on non-attendance. According to IHRSA, an industry body based in Boston, fewer than half of gym members in America hit the treadmill（跑步机）at least twice a week—until the exercise cycle begins anew the following January.
A. There will be other ripple effects（连锁反应）, too.
B. That will be good news for some gym goers because many will soon suffer a second round of regret.
C. However, the club’s luxurious changing rooms and bars relieve some of the pain.
D. Health clubs of all shapes and sizes stand ready to respond.
E. Spending on fashion items also increases around the time of joining a gym.
F. At the other are budget gyms, which have accounted for the big part of gym growth in recent years.
【答案】47. D 48. C 49. F 50. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。本文主要分析了面对大众减肥健身的需求，从1月份的健身热潮中获利最多的健身房。
【47题详解】
根据上文“Online searches for “get fit” and “lose weight” increase.（在线搜索“健身”和“减肥”的次数增加。）”及下文“So this week will be one of the busiest for the gym industry globally.（因此，本周将是全球健身业最繁忙的一周。）”可知，空格处需要说明健身俱乐部面对大众减肥健身的需求要做出反应。D项“Health clubs of all shapes and sizes stand ready to respond. （因此，本周将是全球健身业最繁忙的一周。）”承上启下，符合文意。故选D。
【48题详解】
根据下文“Such high-end gym can charge up to eight times as much as low-cost ones（这种高端健身房的收费可能是低成本健身房的八倍）”中“Such high-end gym”是关键词，说明上文要提到这种高端健身房。C项“However, the club’s luxurious changing rooms and bars relieve some of the pain. （然而，俱乐部的豪华更衣室和酒吧减轻了一些痛苦。）”中luxurious（豪华的）说明这种健身房的高端。此外，该选项与上文“The training is murderous.（这种训练很残酷。）”构成转折关系。故选C。
【49题详解】
上文“They are at one end of a fitness market.（他们是健身市场的一端。）”及下文“One in seven people in Britain is a gym member, and 35% of private memberships are low-cost, up from 14% in 2013, according to Leisure DB, a data firm. Mid-range clubs, meanwhile, have fared less well. Virgin Active recently sold its less luxurious facilities in Britain to avoid being squished（压扁）in the middle.（数据公司休闲数据库（Leisure DB）的数据显示，英国七分之一的人是健身房会员，35%的私人会员是低价会员，高于2013年的14%。与此同时，中档俱乐部的表现也不太好。Virgin Active最近在英国出售了不太豪华的设施，以避免被挤在中间。）”可知，上文介绍了高端健身房，空格后通过数据说明低价会员的市场占比，下文又提到“中档俱乐部被挤在中间”，故空格处要引出处于另一端的健身房，即廉价健身房或低端健身房。F项“At the other are budget gyms, which have accounted for the big part of gym growth in recent years.（另一端是廉价健身房，近年来在健身房的增长中占了很大一部分。）”符合文意。故选F。
【50题详解】
根据上文““We have taken a £500 decision and turned it into a £20 decision,” says Mr Cobbold.（科伯德表示：“我们已经做出了一个500英镑的决定，并将其变成了一个20英镑的决定。”）”及下文“Most new joiners do not plan to spend much money.（大多数新加入者不打算花很多钱。）”可知，将500英镑的决定变成了一个20英镑的决定是一个好消息。B项“That will be good news for some gym goers because many will soon suffer a second round of regret. （这对一些去健身房的人来说是个好消息，因为很多人很快就会遭受第二轮的遗憾。）”符合文意。故选B。
III. Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible.
A Brief History of Silk
Comfortable to wear whether the weather is hot or cold, silk is as popular today as it was 5,000 years ago when it was first manufactured. However, the history of silk has not always been as smooth as the fabric (织物) itself.
Today’s basic silk-production process has changed very little since it first began. The fabric comes from silkworms which, although tiny when born, grow rapidly in size. Indeed, on a strict diet of mulberry leaves, it is estimated that they increase in weight by 10,000% over the first six weeks of their life. When they are fully grown, the silkworms create a cocoon—a protective shell made of silk. They then crawl inside in order to prepare for their next stage of development. However, for commercial silk production, these cocoons are then boiled, killing the worm inside, to ensure that the silk is not damaged. After this, the silk is gathered and prepared. A single cocoon can produce between 300 and 900 metres of silk thread.
Although today silk is both grown and worn worldwide, the original production of silk was restricted to China. Likewise, in the sixth century, two monks managed to take some eggs all the way back to their native Byzantium (modern-day Istanbul, in Turkey). This was an event of great importance, since Europe was form that point able to manufacture its own silk.
Before the monks’ success in bringing the silkworms out of China, Europeans were dependent on merchants bringing the fabric from East Asia across the mountain roads of Central Asia and the Middle East. Indeed, so much silk was transported that this trade route became known as Silk Road.
Although man-made fibres (纤维) are cheaper and easier to manufacture, the beauty of silk is difficult to match, and there is always likely to be a large international market.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】版本一：Comfortable to wear, silk is as popular today as it was first manufactured. However it’s basic silk-production process has little changed since it was originally produced in China. With so much silk exported abroad, the trade route became known as Silk Road. It is expected to be a large international market because the beauty of silk is difficult to match.
版本二：Silk has been popular for almost 5000 years, and its production hasn’t changed much. It is made from cocoons, protective shells created by silkworms. Before two monks brought silk to Europe in the 6th century, China used to be the only country that produced silk and Silk Road was the route through which silk was transported to other countries.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了丝绸的历史：丝绸缎优点、生产过程、出口以及丝绸之路的形成和未来广阔的市场。
【详解】1. 要点摘录
①Comfortable to wear whether the weather is hot or cold, silk is as popular today as it was 5,000 years ago when it was first manufactured.
②Today’s basic silk-production process has changed very little since it first began.
③Although today silk is both grown and worn worldwide, the original production of silk was restricted to China. Indeed, so much silk was transported that this trade route became known as Silk Road.
④the beauty of silk is difficult to match, and there is always likely to be a large international market.
2.缜密构思
将第①、②两个要点进行重组，将第③、④两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
However it’s basic silk-production process has changed little very little since it first began.
As a result of so much silk was exported abroad, the trade route became known as Silk Road.
The beauty of silk is difficult to match, and there is always likely to be a large international market.
【点睛】[高分句型1] With so much silk exported abroad, the trade route became known as Silk Road.运用一个with复合结构对原文第三段和第四段进行了概括。
[高分句型2]It is expected to be a large international market because the beauty of silk is difficult to match. 用固定句型It is expected to be对第五段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
IV. Translation
Directions： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.
52. 当谈及野外探险时，勇气与谨慎缺一不可。(when it comes to) (汉译英)
_______________________________________________________________________
【答案】When it comes to wilderness exploration, both courage and caution are indispensable.
【解析】
【详解】根据句意和中文提示可知，此处考查固定句型When it comes to… 表示“当谈及……”；表示“野外探险”应用wilderness exploration，作宾语；表示“勇气与谨慎” 应用courage and caution，作主句主语；表示“缺一不可”应用are indispensable，作表语，时态用一般现在时陈述客观事实。
53. 这座数百万年前形成的巨大洞穴值得我们前去一探究竟。(worth) (汉译英)
_______________________________________________________________________
【答案】This massive cave formed millions of years ago is worth exploring.
【解析】
【详解】“这座洞穴”表达为this massive cave；“数百万年前形成的”可用非谓语动词作后置定语，“形成”表达为form，为及物动词，和cave是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，用过去分词，“数百万年前”用短语millions of years ago；“某事值得做”用固定搭配sth. be worth doing，该结构用主动形式表被动含义；“一探究竟”对应explore，用动名词exploring。本句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语cave是第三人称单数，be动词用is。
54. 只有当你跳出固有的思维模式，你才能想出富有创意的解决办法。(Only) (汉译英)
_______________________________________________________________________
【答案】Only when you break out of your fixed mindset can you come up with creative solutions.
【解析】
【详解】根据句意和中文提示可知，此处考查only + 状语从句置于句首，主句需要部分倒装；表示“只有当”应用Only when引导时间状语从句；表示“你”应用you，作从句主语；表示“跳出固有的思维模式”应用break out of your fixed mindset，作从句谓语和宾语，符合“主将从现”原则，所以用一般现在时；表示“你”应用you，作主句主语；表示“想出”应用come up with；表示“富有创意的解决办法”应用creative solutions；情态动词can提前构成倒装。
55. 这项研究揭示，财富未必能提升人欣赏平凡美好的能力，这颠覆了很多人长久以来的固有观念。(which) (汉译英)
_______________________________________________________________________
【答案】This research reveals that wealth does not necessarily enhance people’s ability to appreciate ordinary beauty, which overturns many people’s long-held assumptions.
【解析】
【详解】根据句意以及句子要求提示可知，表示“这项研究”为名词This research；表示“揭示”为动词reveal；后接that引导的宾语从句，在该从句中，表示“财富”为名词wealth；表示“未必”可译为does not necessarily；表示“提升人欣赏平凡美好的能力”可译为enhance people’s ability to appreciate ordinary beauty；后接which引导的非限制定语从句，which指代前文整句话的研究结论，表示“颠覆了很多人长久以来的固有观念”可译为overturn many people’s long-held assumptions；结合句意可知，该句应为陈述一般事实，为一般现在时。
V. Guided Writing
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，学校英语报正在征集主题为 The Value of Small Pleasures 的稿件，请你投稿，内容包括： 简述你对生活中小确幸的理解; 结合自身经历说明小确幸的价值。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】例文
The Value of Small Pleasures
In our fast-paced modern society, “small pleasures” refer to the transient but delightful moments in our daily routines, such as enjoying a warm cup of coffee or witnessing a beautiful sunset.
The primary value of these small pleasures lies in their remarkable ability to alleviate stress and anxiety. In the midst of overwhelming academic pressure, these tiny sparks of joy serve as a psychological buffer, allowing us to recharge our mental energy and maintain inner peace.
Furthermore, appreciating small pleasures cultivates a sense of gratitude. When we consciously focus on these positive micro-experiences, we shift our mindset from complaining about what we lack to cherishing what we already possess.
Personally, taking a short walk in the park after a grueling exam always rejuvenates me. Therefore, we should learn to slow down and savor these simple joys, for they are the very essence of a fulfilling life.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生对于学校英语报正在征集主题为“The Value of Small Pleasures”的稿件这一情况，进行投稿，简述你对生活中小确幸的理解，结合自身经历说明小确幸的价值。
【详解】1.词汇积累
转瞬即逝的：transient→ fleeting
培养：cultivate→ foster
令人疲惫的：grueling→ exhausting
使恢复活力：rejuvenates→revitalize
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The primary value of these small pleasures lies in their remarkable ability to alleviate stress and anxiety.
拓展句：It lies in the fact that these small pleasures can greatly ease stress and anxiety that their primary value exists.
【点睛】【高分句型1】In the midst of overwhelming academic pressure, these tiny sparks of joy serve as a psychological buffer, allowing us to recharge our mental energy and maintain inner peace.（运用了现在分词作状语）
【高分句型2】When we consciously focus on these positive micro-experiences, we shift our mindset from complaining about what we lack to cherishing what we already possess.（运用了When引导的时间状语从句）
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司
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复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期
高二年级英语学科1月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷
I. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Your Turn: Should Risky Sports Be Banned? A team of mountain climbers wanted to be the first to climb a particular mountain in the winter. Then they had to be rescued by army helicopters. Nearly a hundred sailboats ____1____ (participate) in an ocean race when a severe storm occurred. Two sailors and one rescue worker died during the rescue mission. Adventurer Richard Branson tried to fly a balloon around the world and crashed several times. Millions of dollars ____2____ (spend) to search for him and bring him home safely.
We asked our readers for their opinions. Paulo: What, exactly, is a risky sport? People have died while swimming, playing soccer, or even walking, but no one says those sports are dangerous. I could get in an accident while ____3____ (drive) to my office. You can't ban all risky sports ____4____ people have different definitions of "risky”. Jackie: Yes, they should be banned! Why should these risk takers put other people's lives ____5____ danger?
And why should citizens pay all that tax money for rescue operations? Public money should not be used to help ____6____ takes any risks without planning ahead for rescue. Matt: It is a personal choice to put your life at risk. We should not allow the government to put limits on your lives. If you are an adult, it should be your decision, not the government's! And if rescuers have decided to take a dangerous job, the choice was ____7____ too. The world would be very boring if people never took risks. Lisa: All people need a challenge.
Some people really enjoy taking risks, and if ____8____ (not allow) to take high-risk sports, they will feel unhappy and look for risky adventures in other areas, like business or politics, or their personal life, ____9____ would cause a lot more problems in the world. Ramesh: They should be banned, and journalists should stop writing and talking about the things that these crazy people do. All this publicity gives a lot of bad ideas to teenagers and encourages them _____10_____ (try) dangerous things.
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. achievement B. compare C. disappointments D. experimented E. particular F. pointless G. purposeful H. reminded I. sacrifice J. shape K. therapy
Sport — You've got to love it
Record levels of people do no sport at all, while others will not even watch it. Jerry Travis explains what they're missing. Healthy body, healthy mind. It's maybe obvious, but worth repeating: sport keeps you in ____11____. Moreover, people who are physically fit are, on average, happier. In fact, the British health service has recently ____12____ with giving people suffering from mild depression a course of exercise instead of drugs; gym membership rather than ____13____. Preparation for life I'm not talking about those weird non-competitive sports that some schools insist on: no winners, no losers and everyone gets a prize.
Not only are such games dull and ____14____ for children, but life is simply not like that. Competitive sport teaches us to cope with losing and ____15____. Sure, we're not all naturally sporty, but then I'm rubbish at crosswords. You just have to find your own level and learn to enjoy your own performance. You can feel the same sense of ____16____ a Real Madrid winning a game, by beating an opponent who is at a slightly higher (though still low!) level than you. Similarly, I'm happy completing a puzzle others would find easy. Social and fun What would we do without sport?
Read? Play computer games? Hang around on the street? Obviously these aren't necessarily all bad things — reading in ____17____ brings many benefits — but the first two are hardly social, and the last not that interesting or ____18____. Playing sports helps to build relationships and teaches the importance of supporting each other whether you win or lose. I'm ____19____ of a lovely, funny scene in a film called Gregory's Girl, where two teenage characters ____20____ injuries they've had after a bad game. Likewise, sports fans often enjoy sharing the pain of their team losing almost as much as the joy of winning.
II. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Nearly two years ago, I’d spent some time trying to fix up my bike at a local bike shop, when one of the volunteers told me that the chain was worn, and I should come back soon to replace it. A week later, the first lockdown began and I put the chain out of my mind. A few weeks later, it ____21____ beneath me and I found myself face down in a pool of my own blood. When I wrote about my misfortune, I neglected to mention the most obvious lesson: replace your bike chain at the first sign of ____22____. But I am not alone in that ____23____. We understand the expertise of doorkeepers, plumbers and mechanics, and we suffer greatly in their absence, yet somehow we take them for granted. We take for granted, too, the most basic maintenance of all, like preparing food and washing clothes. Nobody would talk ____24____ at a dinner party about doing any of this, yet it is essential. Maintenance is so ____25____ that we don’t really know how much of a problem we have. In his book The Shock of the Old, David Edgerton writes, “Maintenance has lived in a twilight (朦胧的、模糊的) world, hardly visible in the formal accounts societies make of themselves. In the economic and production statistics, for example, it is ____26____ ”. Maintenance is more ____27____ than manufacturing. It requires diagnosis, judgment and improvisation. We can build robots that make dishwashers, but we can’t build robots that repair them. As automation closes in on a world ____28____ respected, skilled and fulfilling blue-collar jobs, perhaps we should be taking maintenance more seriously. And maintenance can ____29____ communities. Elinor Ostrom, the first woman to win a Nobel memorial prize in economics, once studied Nepalese communities before and after modern dams and irrigation (灌溉) systems were installed by development agencies. There had always been a ____30____ between farming communities upstream and downstream: we’ll help keep the canals clear, if you help maintain the dam upstream. But the modern dams needed fewer ____31____, and so the bargain fell apart, leaving the modern system less effective than the traditional irrigation. The need to maintain the old irrigation system was also helping to ____32____ strong relationships between villages. A few months after my ____33____, I ventured out to the White Horse of Uffington, a monument in the Oxfordshire countryside that has endured for 3,000 years thanks only to tireless maintenance as villagers from miles around would gather to “wash” or “chalk” the horse. It’s a lot of work, but perhaps that is the ____34____: historians think that the horse was created and maintained as a way of bringing a community together with a regular ritual (仪式). Perhaps that is over-romanticising things. Whatever we view maintenance as, it is ____35____. Without it, everything falls apart.
21. A. gave way B. took off C. set in D. went on
22. A. resistance B. trouble C. improvement D. trust
23. A. innovation B. patience C. treatment D. oversight
24. A. proudly B. negatively C. luckily D. wrongly
25. A. underlined B. understood C. underrated D. understaffed
26. A. informal B. invisible C. simple D. complex
27. A. traditional B. natural C. worrisome D. varied
28. A. crying out for B. coming up with C. going out of D. leading up to
29. A. manage B. investigate C. build D. enlarge
30. A. link B. bargain C. difference D. barrier
31. A. places B. costs C. repairs D. chances
32. A. maintain B. identify C. describe D. influence
33. A. request B. departure C. journey D. accident
34. A. problem B. point C. source D. direction
35. A. undependable B. inadequate C. inescapable D. unacceptable
Section B
Directions： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
（A）
In the desert of Peru, 300 kilometers from Lima, one of the most unusual artworks in the world has mystified people for decades. Seen from the ground, it looks like lines scratched into the earth. But from high above, these marks are huge images of birds, fish and seashells, all beautifully carved into the earth.
The Nazca lines are so difficult to see from the ground that they weren’t discovered until the 1930s, when pilots spotted them while flying over the area. In all, there are about 70 different human and animal figures on the plain, along with 900 triangles, circles, and lines.
Researchers have figured out that the lines are at least 1,500 years old, bat their purpose is still a mystery. A Swiss writer named Erich von Dãniken wrote that the Nazca lines were designed as a landing place of UFOs. However, it would probably be very tricky to land a spaceship in the middle of pictures of dogs and monkeys.
In the 1940s, an American explorer named Paul Kosok suggested that the drawings were a chronicle of the movement of the stars and planets. He called Nazca “the largest astronomy book in the world”. Later, an astronomer tested his theory with a computer, but he couldn’t find any relation between the lines and movements in space.
Another explanation is that the lines may have been made for religious reasons. British researcher Tony Morrison investigated the customs of people in the Andes Mountains and learned that they sometimes pray by the side of the road. If s possible that in the past, the lines of Nazca were created for a similar purpose. The largest pictures may have been the sites for special ceremonies. But the local people have never constructed anything this big.
Recently, two other scientists, David Johnson and Steve Mabee, have speculated that the lines could have been related to water. Nazca is one of the driest places in the world and received only 2 cm of rain every year. While Johnson was searching for ancient water sources in the area, he noticed that some waterways built by ancient people were connected with the lines. Johnson believes that the Nazca lines are a giant map of the underground water in the area. Other scientists are now searching for evidence to prove this.
36. Why weren’t the Nazca lines discovered for a long time in history?
A. They were located in an inaccessible desert. B. They were not easy to see from the ground.
C. They were not recorded in any history book. D. They were covered by some beautiful figures.
37. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Paul Kosok found that the lines showed a starts movement.
B. Erich von Dãniken once saw a UFO landing near the Nazca lines.
C. Tony Morrison thought the lines had something to do with religion.
D. David Johnson and Steve Mabee unearthed a waterway system under the lines.
38. ________ view on the purpose of the lines hasn’t been proved wrong.
A. Erich von Dãniken’s B. Paul Kosok’s
C. Tony Morrison’s D. David Johnson and Steve Mabee’s
39. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. The Origins of Nazca B. The History of Nazca
C. The Mysteries of Nazca D. The Discovery of Nazca
（B）
Traditional clothing Jamaica's traditional clothing is made from lightweight materials such as cotton or linen in bright colours. Women often wear handmade clothes made from calico, a type of printed cotton cloth with a striped pattern and colourful headscarves. Men prefer jeans or light-coloured trousers, short-sleeved shirts and sometimes a bandana on their heads. The quadrille dress, which is the national costume of Jamaica, is worn for special celebrations and traditional dancing. The cotton dress has a similar pattern to Scottish tartan (格子呢). Attitude The carefree attitude of this Caribbean island has undoubtedly influenced Jamaican clothing. Usually bright and colourful, comfortable clothing is a must and lightweight fabrics (面料) are favoured over heavy ones.
Beachwear is also a significant part of Jamaican attire and Jamaican coastlines are packed with people wearing western-style swimming costumes, shorts and flip-flops. Rastafarianism The Rastafarian movement started in Jamaica, and Rastafarian-inspired clothing, with its characteristic three colours of red, green and gold, is widespread on the island. Rastafarian or Rasta clothing is made from natural materials such as cotton, wool or fibres from the hemp plant. One immediately recognizable Rasta accessory (配饰) is the ‘rastacap’, or ‘tam’, the knitted hat which is worn over dreadlocks. Rasta clothing is often associated with both fans and musicians of reggae music, such as the legendary Bob Marley.
Fashion shows Jamaica holds two well-known fashion events every year: the Caribbean Fashion Week and Style Week Jamaica. The events attract international designers who come to see the latest trends and styles from the Caribbean. They also give local Jamaican designers a chance to share their talent with the rest of the world. Young designers are also being featured on reality TV shows in Jamaica like Mission Catwalk, which aims to discover talented local designers and help them to enter the international world of fashion. Among Jamaica’s successful fashion designers is Bob Marley’s daughter, Cedella, who has created her own fashion label, Catch a Fire, named after one of her father’s albums, and whose clothing is also inspired by him.
40. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. Jamaica: Fashion and People
B. Jamaica: Clothes and Culture
C. Jamaica: Attitudes and Lifestyles
D. Jamaica: Traditional and Modern
41. Which of the following statements is true of Jamaica’s traditional clothing?
A. Their dress resembles Scottish tartan in pattern.
B. Men can be seen wearing fruit on their head.
C. Men often have their knitted hats on in traditional dancing.
D. Women can't wear light-coloured trousers in public places.
42. How do Jamaica’s young fashion designers get to be known?
A. By designing Rastafarian clothing.
B. By going to reality TV shows.
C. By working with Cedella Marley.
D. By taking a carefree attitude.
（C）
Aviculturists, people who raise birds for commercial sale, have not yet learned how to create similar conditions to the natural incubation (孵化) of parrot eggs in the wild. They continue to look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates. When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity (湿度) of the nest are controlled naturally. Heat is transferred from the bird’s skin to the top of the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. This temperature difference may be vital to successful hatching.
Nest construction can contribute to this temperature difference. Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirt are cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material. Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottom sections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water. As the water that collects in the bottom of the nest changes into gas, the water vapor rises and is heated by the incubating bird, which adds significant humidity to the incubation environment.
In artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrots and incubate them under laboratory conditions. Most commercial incubators heat the eggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the bird’s method of natural incubation, and perhaps reducing the survivability of the hatching chicks. When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes outdoors to use as nests in which to place eggs.
In areas where weather can become cold after eggs are laid, it is very important to maintain a deep foundation of nesting material to protect eggs against the cold bottom of the box. If eggs rest against the wooden bottom in extremely cold weather conditions, they can become chilled to a point where the embryo (胚胎) can no longer survive. Similarly, these boxes should be protected from direct sunlight to avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growing embryo. Nesting material should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both extreme temperature situations mentioned above and ensure that the eggs have a soft, secure place to rest.
43. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Nesting material varies according to the parrots’ environment.
B. Humidity is an important factor in incubating parrots’ eggs.
C. Aviculturists have constructed the ideal nest box for parrots.
D. Wild parrots’ nests provide information useful for artificial incubation.
44. According to paragraph 1, when the temperature of the sides and bottom of the egg is cooler than the top, then ________.
A. there may be a good chance for successful incubation
B. the incubating parent moves the egg to a new position
C. the embryo will not develop normally
D. the incubation process is slowed down
45. The construction of the nest allows water to ________.
A. provide a beneficial source of humidity in the nest
B. loosen the materials at the bottom of the nest
C. keep the nest in a clean condition
D. touch the bottom of the eggs
46. Which of the following is a problem with commercial incubators?
A. They are expensive to operate.
B. They are unable to heat the eggs evenly.
C. They lack the natural temperature changes.
D. They fail to transfer heat to eggs like parent birds do.
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Gyms that profit most from the January rush
Every year, like clockwork, many people go through the same routine. On December 26th and January 1st, as the fog of cheese, chocolate oranges and champagne lifts, regret creeps（悄悄出现）in. Online searches for “get fit” and “lose weight” increase.____47____“Intent typically takes seven to 14 days to turn into reality,” notes Humphrey Cobbold, chief executive of Pure Gym, Britain’s largest gym chain. So this week will be one of the busiest for the gym industry globally.
Many gym recruits（新成员）will have their new sportswear on for high-intensity interval training. In the basement of Another Space, a club near London’s Leicester Square, music pumps and light flash as a trainer shouts instructions to a group of mostly young women. They are pushed through bursts of burpees, handclap push-ups and various kick and punches at boxing bags. The training is murderous.____48____Such high-end gym can charge up to eight times as much as low-cost ones, based on two visits a week over a year.
They are at one end of a fitness market.____49____America’s market leader, Planet Fitness, promises “the best value on the planet”, and has over 10 million members; its shares rose in 2017. One in seven people in Britain is a gym member, and 35% of private memberships are low-cost, up from 14% in 2013, according to Leisure DB, a data firm. Mid-range clubs, meanwhile, have fared less well. Virgin Active recently sold its less luxurious facilities in Britain to avoid being squished（压扁）in the middle.
Pure Gym expects soon to reach 1 million members. Part of its appeal is that, unlike traditional gyms, members are not bound by a long contract. “We have taken a £500 decision and turned it into a £20 decision,” says Mr Cobbold.____50____Most new joiners do not plan to spend much money. But gyms proper on non-attendance. According to IHRSA, an industry body based in Boston, fewer than half of gym members in America hit the treadmill（跑步机）at least twice a week—until the exercise cycle begins anew the following January.
A. There will be other ripple effects（连锁反应）, too.
B. That will be good news for some gym goers because many will soon suffer a second round of regret.
C. However, the club’s luxurious changing rooms and bars relieve some of the pain.
D. Health clubs of all shapes and sizes stand ready to respond.
E. Spending on fashion items also increases around the time of joining a gym.
F. At the other are budget gyms, which have accounted for the big part of gym growth in recent years.
III. Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible.
A Brief History of Silk
Comfortable to wear whether the weather is hot or cold, silk is as popular today as it was 5,000 years ago when it was first manufactured. However, the history of silk has not always been as smooth as the fabric (织物) itself.
Today’s basic silk-production process has changed very little since it first began. The fabric comes from silkworms which, although tiny when born, grow rapidly in size. Indeed, on a strict diet of mulberry leaves, it is estimated that they increase in weight by 10,000% over the first six weeks of their life. When they are fully grown, the silkworms create a cocoon—a protective shell made of silk. They then crawl inside in order to prepare for their next stage of development. However, for commercial silk production, these cocoons are then boiled, killing the worm inside, to ensure that the silk is not damaged. After this, the silk is gathered and prepared. A single cocoon can produce between 300 and 900 metres of silk thread.
Although today silk is both grown and worn worldwide, the original production of silk was restricted to China. Likewise, in the sixth century, two monks managed to take some eggs all the way back to their native Byzantium (modern-day Istanbul, in Turkey). This was an event of great importance, since Europe was form that point able to manufacture its own silk.
Before the monks’ success in bringing the silkworms out of China, Europeans were dependent on merchants bringing the fabric from East Asia across the mountain roads of Central Asia and the Middle East. Indeed, so much silk was transported that this trade route became known as Silk Road.
Although man-made fibres (纤维) are cheaper and easier to manufacture, the beauty of silk is difficult to match, and there is always likely to be a large international market.
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IV. Translation
Directions： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.
52. 当谈及野外探险时，勇气与谨慎缺一不可。(when it comes to) (汉译英)
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53. 这座数百万年前形成的巨大洞穴值得我们前去一探究竟。(worth) (汉译英)
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54. 只有当你跳出固有的思维模式，你才能想出富有创意的解决办法。(Only) (汉译英)
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55. 这项研究揭示，财富未必能提升人欣赏平凡美好的能力，这颠覆了很多人长久以来的固有观念。(which) (汉译英)
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V. Guided Writing
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，学校英语报正在征集主题为 The Value of Small Pleasures 的稿件，请你投稿，内容包括： 简述你对生活中小确幸的理解; 结合自身经历说明小确幸的价值。
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