上海复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年第一学期高二年级英语学科10月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科10月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷　答案 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 1. have analysed##have analyzed 2. persistent 3. striking 4. than 5. prompting 6. of 7. prioritise##prioritize 8. discovered 9. than 10. deprived Section B 11. E 12. C 13. G 14. K 15. H 16. B 17. A 18. J 19. F 20. I II. Reading Comprehension Section A 21. A 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. D 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. C Section B 36. C 37. B 38. A 39. B 40. A 41. C 42. A 43. A 44. D 45. C 46. B Section C 47. C 48. E 49. D 50. B III. Summary Writing 51. Hosting the Olympics, held every four years, has many advantages. Facilities, like accommodation and transport, will remain for the citizens to enjoy after the Games. Besides, companies will compete to fund the Games, as they can make profits from advertising or broadcasting. It also creates job opportunities. Above all, the host city will gain a place in the world. IV. Translation 52. It rained harder and harder, so he was obliged to take a taxi home. 53. This tourist attraction is worth visiting all the year round. 54. Research shows that people are very likely to regret not having reached their full potential. 55. This is such a suitable book for parents and children to read together that it can not only promote a more harmonious parent-child relationship but also help children avoid taking a detour in their future growth and learning. V. Guided Writing 56. Dear Rob, I completely understand your dilemma regarding where to pursue higher education. From my perspective, I highly recommend that you choose to study in China. Firstly, studying in China offers an unparalleled opportunity to immerse yourself in your ancestral culture. As an American-born Chinese, you will find that living there helps you master the language and truly connect with your cultural roots. Secondly, acquiring a degree in China will significantly enhance your competitive edge. In today's globalized economy, you can build a valuable local network and gain profound insights into the Chinese market, which multinational corporations highly value. Admittedly, remaining in the US provides familiarity and stability. However, stepping out of your comfort zone in China will foster your independence and resilience, bringing far more rewarding experiences. In conclusion, the cultural immersion and career prospects in China outweigh the advantages of staying in the US. I sincerely hope my advice helps you make the right decision. Yours, Li Fang 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科10月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Why the Brain Needs the Night For most of the twentieth century, sleep was regarded as a period of inactivity — a nightly shutdown during which the body repaired itself and the brain simply rested. That view has collapsed. Over the past two decades, researchers 1          (analyse) the sleeping brain in detail, and what they have found is not rest but work: memories are sorted, connections are strengthened or pruned, and waste products are flushed away. Sleep, it turns out, is one of the most 2          (persist) forms of mental labour we perform. The most 3          (strike) discovery concerns memory. In experiments, volunteers who learned a list of word pairs in the evening recalled around a fifth more of them after a night’s sleep 4          those who stayed awake for the same period. Brain imaging offers an explanation. During deep sleep, the hippocampus — a structure that stores new experiences — replays the day’s events at high speed, 5          the cortex to file them away as lasting knowledge. Deprive an animal 6          that replay and the memory never consolidates. The finding has an uncomfortable implication for students. Advice to “ 7          (prioritise) revision over sleep” during examination periods is, on this evidence, self-defeating: material studied at the cost of sleep is material the brain has not yet stored. Nor is the effect limited to memory. After only one night of restricted sleep, emotional responses become disproportionately intense, and the brain regions that normally damp down anxiety become less active. There is a further twist. Until recently, the brain was thought to have no lymphatic vessels, and therefore no way of clearing the chemical waste that accumulates during waking hours. It now appears that a network of channels, 8          (discover) in 2012, carries fluid through brain tissue at a rate far higher during sleep 9          during waking. The channels clear proteins associated with degenerative disease. In animals that are 10          (deprive) of sleep, those same proteins increase markedly. None of this makes late nights harmless, and the research has not yet produced a pill that substitutes for rest. But it has demolished the assumption that sleep is time taken away from living. If anything, the evidence points the other way. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. battle B. emerged C. encountered D. field E. investigate F. less-than-heroic G. neighboring H. picture I. regretted J. tracked K. upper The Wolf at the Door Russ Fee was asleep inside his tent last summer when a series of screams woke him up. Throwing on his shoes, he ran out to 11         . Fee and his wife were traveling through Canada's Banff National Park to enjoy its shocking beauty and awesome wildlife. It was the latter he now 12         . Although it was dark, Fee could see a (n) 13          tent in a mess. Backing out was a wolf, dragging something in his teeth. That thing was a man. Moments earlier, Elisa and Matt Rispoli, from New Jersey, were asleep with their two young children when the wolf tore into their tent. "It was like something out of a horror movie," Elisa posted on Facebook. For three minutes, "Matt threw his body in front of me and the boys and fought the wolf". At one point, Matt got the 14          hand, getting the wolf to the ground. But the wolf clamped (夹紧) its jaw onto Matt's arm, set its powerful legs, and began pulling Matt outside "while I was pulling on his legs trying to get him back," Elisa wrote. It was then that Russ Fee entered the 15         . He ran at the wolf, kicking it "like I was kicking in a door," he told ABC New York. The wolf dropped Matt and 16          from the tent. Wolves are large, Fee told the radio show Calgary Eyeopener. "I felt like I had hit someone that way out of my weight class." Before the wolf could turn its anger on Fee, Matt, his arms bloodied, flew out of the tent to rejoin in the 17         . The men hit the wolf with rocks, forcing it back, then the Fees and the Rispolis ran to the shelter of the Fees' minivan. An ambulance was called, and Matt was taken to a local hospital. He has fully recovered. The wolf was 18          down by park officials. As for Fee, whom Elisa called their guardian angel, he does admit to a(n) 19          thought during the heat of battle. The moment the wolf locked eyes with him, Fee says, "I immediately 20          kicking it." II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. So far, to reduce congestion, cities have mainly tried a combination of discouraging driving and encouraging walking and cycling. Paris has 21          traffic from some streets, while Barcelona has received much international attention for its plan to organise the city into a series of "superblocks"--where cars are restricted to certain big roads, with streets in-between 22          pedestrian-only parks and playgrounds. But new technologies could bring more changes. Micromobility, including electric scooters and bikes, is seen as a potential solution to moving people more 23          around cities. Dozens of start-ups including Bird, Lime, Voi and Bolt have 24          cities with shared scooters that can be rented by the minute. In a survey, some 34 per cent of riders in Portland, Oregon, said they had used a scooter 25          driving a personal car or using a ride-hailing app or taxi for their most recent ride. Scooter safety, however, is making city planners 26         . Sweden's transport agency is calling for electric scooters to be banned following the death of a man riding a Voi scooter in Helsingborg. For scooters to work, cities will have to 27          more safe pathways for them-possibly high above the city streets. Xiamen in south-east China, 28         , has built a nearly 8km elevated cycle-way for bikes. BMW group and China's Tongji University, meanwhile, have drawn up even more ambitious plans for a network of covered tubes above the streets for scooter and bike traffic. They say, several cities have expressed 29         . Electric self-driving cars could also greatly change the 30          of cities. Such cars could change the way cities are laid out, says Willem Strijbosch, head of self-driving at Tom Tom, the mapping company. "It could 31          a lot of space. If the vast majority of transport is done by self-driving vehicles the streets could be narrower," he says. Self-driving cars communicating with each other through a wireless network would be able to pass each other with centimeter 32         . "You may be able to fit four lanes in where you previously had three. Traffic lights will be no longer needed. Cars will communicate by means of maps and will 33          right of way at crossings in a different way." Public transport could become highly personalised, says Warwick Goodall, a partner at PA Consulting, who focuses on transport and mobility. "For the last century, transport has been about building train sets. The next decades of transport will be built around personal 34         . That is why Uber and other ride-hailing services have grown so quickly --you can hail a cab and it will arrive in two minutes. We will go from transport on 35          rails and routes to one that is highly personalised." 21. A. removed B. increased C. brought D. heard 22. A. traded with B. turned into C. based upon D. mistaken for 23. A. naturally B. directly C. efficiently D. regularly 24. A. flooded B. designed C. presented D. struck 25. A. in spite of B. with regard to C. in addition to D. instead of 26. A. decide B. hesitate C. compete D. request 27. A. affect B. close C. guard D. create 28. A. even so B. for example C. in a word D. what's more 29. A. concern B. frustration C. surprise D. interest 30. A. look B. role C. centre D. economy 31. A. call for B. use up C. free up D. make for 32. A. length B. width C. precision D. scale 33. A. figure out B. hand over C. stand for D. relate to 34. A. behaviours B. needs C. feelings D. methods 35. A. varied B. old C. fixed D. new Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Several years ago I began asking people for their passwords as a kind of informal experiment. Most people froze a little, then offered a sheepish grin and said something like "I can't possibly tell you that!" or "That's top secret!" But there was never any real problem, because I never asked for the password itself. I asked for the story behind it. And almost everyone had one. Passwords are universally hated. They're also a much-maligned window into the soul. People use them to hold onto the people and moments they don't want to forget. A woman I worked with told me she used the name of her first son, who'd died of leukemia, as a workplace password ("a reminder not to get too stressed about work"). A man I know uses the name of his dog that ran away, as a reminder not to go bucolic.. The 4-year-old Oscar Aswor is the name of the baby boy she lost ("my way of trying to keep him alive, I guess"). Sometimes the passwords were playful. Several people said they used "incorrect" for theirs so that when they forgot it, the software automatically gave them the right one ("your password is incorrect"). Some passwords were striking for their creativity, folding big thoughts down into tidy little codes. After being inspired by Sheryl Sandberg's book Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead, Courtney Kerver, a running partner of mine, began using Wws$$do13, which stood for "What would Sheryl Sandberg do" plus "13" for the year (2013) of the password's creation. TnsitTpsif was the password of another friend, a computer scientist who loves wordplay. It stands for "The next sentence is true. The previous sentence is false," which in philosophy is called a liar's paradox. For my friend, it was a playful reference to the knots that language can tie. While asking strangers about their passwords is a touchy proposition, it's not every day that you come across a conversation topic that teaches you new things about people you've known for years. The 4622 that my wife uses in her passwords was not just the address of her own father's childhood home but also a reminder of his weakness and strength. Apparently when the former 270-pound football standout, a scholarship athlete and the pride of his working-class neighborhood in west Tulsa, was a small boy, he had to sing his home address (4622 South 28th West Avenue) in one full breath rather than try to say it normally; otherwise, his stutter (口吃) would trip him up. 36. What does the phrase "much-maligned" (paragraph 1) most probably mean? A. imaginative plotting B. an unreasonable structure C. unfair treatment D. a notable exception 37. Which of the following passwords does the writer use as an example of those with a touch of humour? A. An identification number. B. The word "incorrect". C. Wws$$do13. D. TnsitTpsif. 38. Why does the writer's wife use the number "4622" in her passwords? A. It reminded her of her father. B. It helped her to overcome stutter. C. It was the address of her childhood home. D. It was part of the name of her favourite song. 39. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. The Development of Passwords B. The Secret Lives of Passwords C. Why Everybody Hates Passwords D. Passwords: What We Can't Live Without （B） "There was a desert wind blowing... it was one of those hot dry Santa Anas that come down through the mountain passes and curl your hair and make your nerves jump..." Raymond Chandler's 1938 short story "Red Wind" captures the "devil winds" of Los Angeles that at times seem to drive people mad. But if you think that's just a lot of hot air, think again. "Human responses to the Santa Anas have been shown to be generally unfavorable," says Dennis Driscoll, a professor at Texas A&M University. "We don't know why. It may have something to do with the electrical charges and an increase in positive ions (离子)." "At least, that's the theory." What else can the weather do to your mood? Here's a forecast: Cold Snap: Lawrence Palinkas, professor at the University of Southern California, has studied the impact of extremely cold temperatures on Antarctic researchers. "We've noticed an increase in anger after long exposure," he says, although he believes isolation plays a part. "In addition, thyroid hormones (甲状腺激素) are particularly sensitive to changes in temperature. People sometimes exhibit symptoms of depression, short-term memory loss, and anxiety." And last year, some Canadian newspapers started using the term snow rage. "At the end of March 2019, we'd had over 16 feet of snow," says Catherine Viel, with the Quebec City Police. "During that month, we had several incidents, like a man who threatened his neighbor because someone had blown snow onto his lawn." Hot-headed: Heat waves really can make tempers boil. In fact, from 1950 to 1995, rates of serious attacks were higher during hotter years, according to research in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology in 1997. The authors suggest that uncomfortably high temperatures increase annoyance-related crimes, in which the primary goal is to hurt someone. (Crimes like burglary, where the incentive is money, did not increase.) They predicted at least 115,000 additional serious and fatal attacks a year in the United States due to global warming. Spring Fever: "We studied about 600 people and found that in springtime, sunny days and warm weather seem to boost mood and have a broadening effect on cognition, basically opening the mind to new ideas," says Matthew Keller, assistant professor at the University of Colorado at Boulder. "You just have to get outside." 40. By "that's the theory", Dennis Driscoll implies ______. A. the explanation he gives hasn't been proved true B. there is no sufficient theory to explain the phenomenon C. the Santa Anas have been the focus of research for some time D. there are many electrical charges and positive ions in the Santa Anas 41. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Those who like getting outside perform better academically. B. Crimes intended for money are more likely to happen on hot days. C. The global warming may be to blame for the increase in fatal attacks. D. Thyroid hormones have nothing to do with symptoms like depression. 42. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Can the Weather Drive You Crazy? B. Can You Be More Open-Minded in the Spring? C. How Can the Weather Affect You Physically? D. How Can You Use the Weather to Lift Your Mood? （C） Science changes as it makes its way on to television, just as it does as it travels to newspapers, magazines, books, exams and through the various media of the scientific community. People who take a dim view of media professors need to get over themselves and stop imposing the difference between professional and popular science on a frame that places the former on top. Popularisation doesn't make knowledge something less than it was. Done well, it isn't the opposite of research; it's lifeblood. Still, there are problems with many traditional approaches to the way we share science. There is a history of snobbishness (势利) against scientists who talk to the public, but equally silly is a snobbishness against presenters who aren't actually scientists. These days the serious TV channels favour professional scientists to present, even if they rarely write the script and often talk about something outside their area of expertise (专业领域). I especially worry that science is often presented as something to be simply consumed by the public. Retelling science for explanatory or entertainment purposes might give us a great picture of what the scientific idea looks like, but often removes a lot about how the scientists got to these conclusions, meaning it's harder to review or get involved with. I'd like to see an attempt to share the means of production of science, not just sell its products. The interviews with working scientists on a current radio series bring out the texture of science, a sense of what drives scientists, the frustrations, boredom, adventure and accidents their work can include. But this is still a matter of telling a story rather than involving audiences. That's not to say I'm against storytelling science, just that we have to be aware of the narrative forces in play. Some time ago there were a lot of complaints about a nature documentary filming polar bears in a wildlife centre rather than in the wild, as appeared to be the case. But this is routine, just as we routinely leave out bits of science to tell interesting, exciting and useful stories. We'd get lost otherwise. Televisual science is always a construction, and it's often worth deconstructing and arguing over how we choose to do this. But it can be a meaningful and necessary construction too, just as a scientific paper is a meaningful construction we might argue over. I don't mind the odd bit of showmanship around science. Nor do I mind shows that just invite audiences to passively watch or listen—as long as we have more critical and interactive projects too. We might be in a golden age of science television but we shouldn't stop asking questions about it. We need to be imaginative about what science is, who it talks to and how it might be better, not simply find ever more ways. 43. What point is the writer making in the first paragraph? A. Science can benefit from becoming more popular. B. Popular science is inferior to professional science. C. Scientific communities report on science without altering it. D. The quality of research is being harmed by popular science. 44. The writer believes that the public are frequently being denied ______. A. the opportunity to enjoy programmes about science B. information about the results of scientific research C. the experience of hearing scientists talk about their work D. an understanding of how the scientific process works 45. The writer mentions the programme about polar bears to show that ______. A. scientists often find it impossible to agree with one another B. the makers of science documentaries are often untrustworthy C. in science it is impossible to report every detail of the story D. documentaries cannot show the scientific process realistically 46. What does the writer call for in the last paragraph? A. An end to the disapproval of science in television programmes. B. A more balanced approach when covering science on television. C. Greater public awareness of the current nature of science. D. Television quiz shows that focus exclusively on science. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Sustainable Communities A. Treated water, meanwhile, will be made drinkable again. B. We will treat and reuse wastewater from toilets as well as gray water sent down drains and released by washing machines. C. Yet applying green construction to multiple buildings at once may be an even better idea. D. These measures should reduce annual electricity consumption by more than half and bring carbon emissions to zero. E. It aims to apply existing technology to dramatically reduce fuel and water consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. F. More than a quarter of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions emanate from residences. In the past decade the construction and retrofitting (改造) of individual homes to reduce energy and water use has grown explosively. 47          Sharing resources and infrastructure (基础设施) could reduce waste, and retrofitting poor or moderate-income neighborhoods could also bring cost savings and modern technology to people who would typically lack such opportunities. One such example is the Oakland EcoBlock project, which I lead at the University of California, Berkeley. It is a multidisciplinary attempt involving urban designers, engineers, social scientists and policy experts from city, state and federal governments, academia, private industry, nonprofits and grassroots organizations. The program, which has been planned in great detail but has not yet begun construction, will retrofit 30 to 40 old homes in a lower- to middle-income neighborhood near California's famous Golden Gate Bridge. 48          We expect to rapidly get back the money spent on infrastructure with savings from operating expenses while ensuring residents' long-term comfort and security. To bring in renewable power, we will install some devices on buildings throughout the area and send the energy to a smart microgrid (微电网). Extra solar energy will be stored via flywheels housed in a communal building. The residents will also share electric cars, which will have access to more than two dozen local charging stations. 49          The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that as much as 50 percent of California's home water consumption goes towards gardening. 50          The recycled water will go to lawns and gardens. We will collect rainwater and deliver it to toilets and washers and install efficient fixtures and taps. Our estimates suggest that the EcoBlock's system-level redesign will cut demand for water by up to 70 percent. The Oakland EcoBlock project will provide local construction jobs and help revitalize a community. If it is as successful as we predict, it could serve as a model of sustainability that can be copied elsewhere in the world. III. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Hosting the Olympics Today, the Olympic Games are one of the most popular and most watched events in the world. Every four years many countries enter the fierce competition to host the Games. Why do they do this? What are the advantages of hosting such an event? A world-class event demands world-class facilities from the host city, and any which do not already exist will have to be built. These will remain for the local population to enjoy after the Games are over. An example of this is the accommodation which will have to be built, not only for the athletes in their Olympic village, but also for the visitors. Later this can be turned into permanent accommodation for tourists and students. The transport system must also be taken into consideration. Hosting the Olympics means having an effective wide-reaching system, which is necessary to carry people safely and quickly to their destinations. Such a transport system is a great advantage for any city and will be in place for many years to come. Funding any great event is an expensive business, but many companies fiercely compete to become sponsors of such global events as it is an ideal opportunity for advertising. This means that advertising profits can easily cover a large proportion of the costs involved. In addition, the broadcasting rights can be a source of finance. For example, the national American TV company NBC paid $3.5 billion to broadcast the Olympic Games between 2000 and 2008. Another consideration is employment. High-tech video cameras are already common in most of our big cities today, and increasing the manpower necessary to guarantee the safety of all concerned provides valuable employment opportunities. Indeed, the organization of such an event gives rise to a large number of jobs in a variety of sectors including security, catering, and hospitality. In conclusion, it is generally agreed that the host city gains overall in terms of improvements in facilities and infrastructure. But this is not all. Not only do the improved facilities remain after the Games have gone, but the city also becomes a significant place in its own right. IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 雨越下越大，他不得已只有打车回家。（oblige） 53. 一年四季，这一旅游胜地都值得观光。（worth） 54. 研究表明，人们极有可能因为自己没有充分发挥出全部潜能而懊悔莫及。（likely） 55. 这是一部适合家长和孩子共同阅读的书籍，不仅能促进亲子关系更加和谐，还能让孩子在以后的成长和学习的道路上少走弯路。（…such…that…） V. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假设你是中华中学的高二学生李方，你的表弟Rob是美国华裔，生在美国、长在美国，今年也将高中毕业，最近在考虑留在美国读大学还是到中国来读大学。前几天他写了封电子邮件给你，询问你的意见。给Rob回一封邮件，在邮件中你必须： 1. 就他该留在美国读大学还是到中国来读大学表达你的意见； 2. 比较两种选择，陈述你的理由。 注：文中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校。 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $