Unit 4 Section B Vocabulary in Use（课时分层练）英语新教材人教版九年级下册

Unit 4 Reduce,Reuse,Recycle Section B Vocabulary in Use A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 一、单词拼写 1. Many young people enjoy 　　　　　　　　 (户外的) sports like climbing and camping on weekends. 2. Wood is an important 　　　　　　　　 (材料) for making furniture. 3. We need to 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 (想出；提出) a good plan for the school trip. 4. Too much rubbish is sent to the l　　　　　　　　 (垃圾填埋地) every day. 5. We must take action for the 　　　　　　　　 (protect) of cultural relics. 6. A: Your parents must be 　　　　　　　　 of your success. B: Sure, and I take 　　　　　　　　 in my hard work too. (proud) 7. It’s necessary for students 　　　　　　　　 (develop) good study habits. 8. When I entered the room, my brother 　　　　　　　　 (bury) himself in a science fiction novel. 9. —Have you got used to 　　　　　　　　 (eat) Western food? —Not yet. 二、完成句子 1. 空气污染影响了我们的生活，我们需要找到解决办法。 Air pollution 　　　　　　　　 our lives, and we need to find a 　　　　　　　　. 2. 我们应该保持洞穴的清洁，不留下垃圾。 We should keep the cave clean and not 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 any rubbish. 3. 此外，我们可以通过拒绝一次性塑料袋和塑料瓶来减少污染。 In addition, we can 　　　　　　　　 pollution by saying no to 　　　　　　　　 plastic bags and bottles. 4. 我们将以小组为单位，重复利用材料创造新事物。 We will 　　　　　　　　 materials to create something new in groups. 5. 了解哪些食物、衣服和其他产品需要大量水来生产。    Find out the types of food, clothes and other 　　　　　　　　 that need a lot of water to 　　　　　　　　. 6. 如果你不知道如何处理这些旧书，把它们送给有需要的人。 If you don’t know how to 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　these old books, give them to people in need. 7. 全世界有超过十亿人正遭受各种不同眼部问题的困扰。 Over one billion people around the world are 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 different kinds of eye problems. 8. We should sort the rubbish every day. (改为被动语态) The rubbish should 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 every day. 9. They produce silk in Suzhou. (变为被动语态) Silk 　　　　　　　　　 in Suzhou. 三、单项选择 1. Many people like ________ activities because they can get close to nature. A. indoor B. outdoor C. inside D. outside 2. We need to protect the earth because of our ________. A. protect B. protects C. protected D. protection 3. Many creative and environmentally minded people have _________ a way called “upcycling” to turn an unwanted item into something useful. A. come up with B. caught up with C. got along with D. worked closely with 一、选词填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。） pollute city use take turn everyone we harm environment careful Waste sorting (垃圾分类) has become an important topic in today’s society. It’s good for 　　　　1　　　　 protection and saves useful things. Many 　　　　2　　　　 in China now ask people to separate their waste into four groups: recyclable, harmful, kitchen, and other waste. How can we do it right? First, learn what belongs to each group. For example, glass bottles and paper are recyclable. Used batteries (电池) and old medicine should go into 　　　　3　　　　waste. Second, 　　　　4　　　　 different bins. When you are outside, always check the signs on public bins 　　　　5　　　　 before throwing things away. Why is this so important? Proper waste sorting helps reduce 　　　　6　　　　. Recyclable materials like metal and plastic can be 　　　　7　　　　 into new products. This process also saves energy. For example, recycling one plastic bottle can keep a light on for three hours! However, some people still find it difficult. They might forget the rules or think that it 　　　　8　　　　 too much time. To solve this, communities are organizing activities to teach local people. Schools are also adding waste-sorting lessons to help students form good habits. 　　　　9　　　　 effort is important. Small actions can make a big difference. Start from today on, and 　　　　10　　　　 planet will thank you. 二、完形填空 Pollution is serious all over the world. We need to learn the three golden 　　　　1　　　　: reduce, reuse and recycle. Switzerland is a famous green 　　　　2　　　　. It has strict environmental laws. All waste is separated and 　　　　3　　　　. Old clothes are collected and sent to people in poor 　　　　4　　　　. Solar and wind power are clean 　　　　5　　　　. They produce few harmful 　　　　6　　　　 and will never run out. If people drop litter in public, they will be 　　　　7　　　　. Millie is a green lover. She never uses single-use plastic bags. She can 　　　　8　　　　 empty bottles to grow plants. Her 　　　　9　　　　 is to work for environmental protection. She is 　　　　10　　　　 to all green teachers. 1. A. rules B. games C. plans D. signs 2. A. city B. country C. town D. village 3. A. burnt B. recycled C. thrown D. hidden 4. A. areas B. rooms C. houses D. streets 5. A. money B. food C. energy D. water 6. A. gases B. bags C. bottles D. paper 7. A. praised B. fined C. helped D. welcomed 8. A. reuse B. break C. pollute D. sell 9. A. plan B. dream C. idea D. advice 10. A. helpful B. polite C. grateful D. kind 一、阅读单选 A篇 Shanghai is not just a city of tall buildings and busy streets—it’s also becoming a leader in protecting the environment. From buses that use solar power to smart recycling bins, the city is taking big steps toward a cleaner, greener future. One of the biggest changes is in how we use energy. Traditional power plants burn coal (煤) and oil, which make the air dirty. But now, Shanghai is using more clean energy, like solar and wind power. These clean energy sources make electricity without bad things going into the air. Another important effort is recycling (回收) waste. In 2019, Shanghai introduced a strict garbage sorting policy (垃圾分类政策). Every family must put waste into four groups: Recyclable waste, dangerous waste, wet waste, and dry waste. At first, many people found it confusing. But now, most people living there know how to do it. Smart bins even use AI to check if you sort correctly! The recyclables are cleaned and reused to make new things. Students are also joining in. At many middle schools in Shanghai, clubs collect used plastic bags and old textbooks. Some schools have “green corners” where students grow plants using recycled (可回收的) boxes. One school in Pudong even built a small solar-powered phone charging station. Shanghai’s journey toward living in a green way shows that cities can grow and stay green. The future isn’t just about new technology—it’s about the small choices we make every day. 根据语篇内容，选择最佳选项。 1. What clean energies are mentioned in the text? A. Water power. B. Nuclear energy. C. Solar and wind power. 2. How many waste groups do Shanghai families have to sort rubbish into? A. Two. B. Four. C. Five. 3. What does the underlined word “confusing” mean in Paragraph 4? A. Hard to understand. B. Easy to finish. C. Fun to do. 4. What do students do for environmental protection in Shanghai’s schools? A. They collect waste and create green corners. B. They make AI-controlled bins at home. C. They stop using textbooks completely. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Different ways to sort garbage correctly. B. Students’ actions in protecting environment. C. Shanghai’s efforts in environmental protection. B篇 More than 50,000,000 people live in the rainforests of the world and most of them do not hurt the forest they live in. They eat the fruits that grow on the forest trees, but they do not cut them down. They kill some animals to eat, but they do not destroy them. When we cut down the rainforests, we destroy these forest people, too. In 1900, there were 1,000,000 forest people in the Amazon forest. In 1980, there were only 200,000. The Yanomami live along the rivers of the rainforest in the north of Brazil (巴西). They have lived in the rainforest for about 10,000 years and they use more than 2,000 different plants for food and for medicine. But in 1988, someone found gold in their forest, and soon 45,000 people came to the forest and began looking for gold. They cut down the forest to make roads. They made more than one hundred airports. The Yanomami people lost their land and food. Many even lost their lives because of the new diseases from those strangers. The Yanomami people tried to save their forest, because it was their home. But the people who wanted gold were stronger. Many forest people try to save their forests. Chico Mendes was famous in Brazil because he wanted to keep the forest for his people. “I want the Amazon forest to help all of us — forest people, Brazil, and all the Earth,” he said. A couple of months later, in December 1988, people who wanted to cut down the forest killed Chico Mendes. In Borneo, Woodcutters were cutting down the forest of the Penan people to sell the wood. The Penan people tried to save their rainforest. They made blockades (障碍) across the roads into the forest.      ▲      In 1987, they closed 15 roads for 8 months. No one cut down any trees during that time. In Panama, the Kuna people saved their forest. They made a forest park which tourists pay to visit. The Gavioes people of Brazil use the forest, but they protect it as well. They find and sell the Brazil nuts which grow on the forest trees. 1. The number of the people living in the Amazon forest in 1980 was ________ of that in 1900. A. half B. one-third C. two-fifths D. one-fifth 2. Those people built roads and airports in order to ________. A. carry away the gold conveniently B. make people there live a better life C. stop spreading the new diseases D. develop the tourism (旅游业) there 3. Which of the following is the most suitable for      ▲     ? A. Soon the woodcutters found another way into the forest. B. The woodcutters had no way to go into the forest. C. The Penan people decided to sell the wood themselves. D. The government helped the Penan people build more roads. 4. In Panama, visitors have to ________ before they enter the forest park of the Kuna people. A. buy Brazil nuts B. plant trees C. pay for the tickets D. pay for the gold 5. From the passage, we learn that ________. A. we need wood to build houses, so we have to cut down trees B. the rainforest people have done something to protect their home C. to humans, gold is more important than trees D. we mustn’t cut down any trees or kill any animals 一、选词填空 （来源:2024年山东省德州市中考英语真题）    sit, get, be, call, continue, know, control, graduate, help, study, happen Lyu Linyou is a scientist who helps protect the environment in Zhangwu County. Zhangwu County 　　　1　　　 on the edge of the Horqin sandy land. Sand and dust storms 　　　2　　　 a big problem in the past. At one point, 95% of the county was covered in desert land. In 2004, Lyu Linyou 　　　3　　　 from college and he was only 24 years old then. The place he started working 　　　4　　　 the Provincial Institute (研究院) of Sandy Land Use. He has worked there for 20 years up to now. Nowadays, the institute 　　　5　　　 as the Sand Control and Usage Research Institute of the Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences. When Lyu Linyou first came to the county, he didn’t know much about how 　　　6　　　 sand. But with the help of his colleagues (同事) and local farmers, he quickly learned how to do it. In order to find the best grass and herbs (草药) for helping the grasslands in Zhangwu Couty grow back, Lyu 　　　7　　　 more than 400 different plants till now. He tested them and found more than 50 plants that work really well. To our joy, his work shows how science 　　　8　　　 protect the earth and make life better for ever. Because of his hard work, the grasslands in the area 　　　9　　　 healthier day by day. “Though I have made great progress, I 　　　　10　　　　 to work hard nonstop to make sure the environment to get better and better,” he said, “And I am sure this will also create new jobs for the people in this area in the future.” 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Reduce,Reuse,Recycle Section B Vocabulary in Use A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 一、单词拼写 1. Many young people enjoy 　　　　　　　　 (户外的) sports like climbing and camping on weekends. 【答案】outdoor 【解析】句意：许多年轻人喜欢在周末进行户外运动，如攀岩和露营。“户外的”的英文是outdoor，为形容词，修饰名词sports。 2. Wood is an important 　　　　　　　　 (材料) for making furniture. 【答案】material 【解析】句意：木材是制作家具的重要材料。分析句子，结合中文提示可知，material“材料”，可数名词单数，作表语。故填material。 3. We need to 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 (想出；提出) a good plan for the school trip. 【答案】① come    ② up    ③ with 【解析】句意：我们需要为学校旅行想出一个好计划。根据汉语提示可知，此处应填动词短语come up with，意为“想出 (主意、计划等)”。need to do sth.表示“需要做某事”，后接动词原形。 4. Too much rubbish is sent to the l　　　　　　　　 (垃圾填埋地) every day. 【答案】landfill##andfill 【解析】句意：每天有大量垃圾被送到垃圾填埋地。根据首字母l以及中文提示“垃圾填埋地”可知，空处对应可数名词landfill，前面有the，此处表特指用单数形式landfill。 5. We must take action for the 　　　　　　　　 (protect) of cultural relics. 【答案】protection 【解析】句意：我们必须为文物的保护采取行动。根据定冠词the和介词of可知，此处需要填名词形式。protection符合句意。 6. A: Your parents must be 　　　　　　　　 of your success. B: Sure, and I take 　　　　　　　　 in my hard work too. (proud) 【答案】① proud    ② pride 【解析】句意：——你的父母一定为你的成功感到骄傲。——当然，我也为我的努力感到自豪。be proud of意为“为……感到骄傲/自豪”，因此第一空填形容词proud。take pride in意为“为……感到自豪/以……为荣”，因此第二空填名词pride。 7. It’s necessary for students 　　　　　　　　 (develop) good study habits. 【答案】to develop 【解析】句意：对学生来说，养成良好的学习习惯是必要的。develop“发展，养成”，动词。句型“It’s + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.”表示“对某人来说，做某事是……的”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。所以这里应该用develop的动词不定式形式to develop。 8. When I entered the room, my brother 　　　　　　　　 (bury) himself in a science fiction novel. 【答案】was burying 【解析】句意：当我走进房间时，我哥哥正沉浸在一本科幻小说里。根据“When I entered the room, my brother...himself in a science fiction novel.”及提示词可知，when引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，说明动作发生在过去，而主句描述的是过去某个时间点正在进行的动作，需用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were+现在分词”；主语my brother为第三人称单数，be动词用was，bury的现在分词为burying。故填was burying。 9. —Have you got used to 　　　　　　　　 (eat) Western food? —Not yet. 【答案】eating 【解析】句意：——你习惯吃西餐了吗？——还没有。此处表达的是“习惯于做某事”，英语表达为be/get used to doing sth，空格应用动名词形式，故填eating。 二、完成句子 1. 空气污染影响了我们的生活，我们需要找到解决办法。 Air pollution 　　　　　　　　 our lives, and we need to find a 　　　　　　　　. 【答案】① affects    ② solution 【解析】原句中“影响”“解决办法”是关键词，affect表示“影响”，主语air pollution为不可数名词，句子为一般现在时，动词用affects；solution表示“解决办法”，a后接单数名词。 2. 我们应该保持洞穴的清洁，不留下垃圾。 We should keep the cave clean and not 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 any rubbish. 【答案】① leave    ② behind 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，英文句子缺少“留下”，英文表达是leave behind，动词短语，情态动词should后接动词原形。故填leave；behind。 3. 此外，我们可以通过拒绝一次性塑料袋和塑料瓶来减少污染。 In addition, we can 　　　　　　　　 pollution by saying no to 　　　　　　　　 plastic bags and bottles. 【答案】① reduce    ② single-use 【解析】原句中“减少”、“一次性的”是关键词，表示“减少”的短语是reduce；can后接动词原形，reduce用原形即可；single-use表示 “一次性的”。 4. 我们将以小组为单位，重复利用材料创造新事物。 We will 　　　　　　　　 materials to create something new in groups. 【答案】reuse 【解析】原句中“重复利用”是关键词，表示“重复利用”的英文单词是“reuse”。本句为一般将来时，will后接动词原形。 5. 了解哪些食物、衣服和其他产品需要大量水来生产。    Find out the types of food, clothes and other 　　　　　　　　 that need a lot of water to 　　　　　　　　. 【答案】① products    ② produce 【解析】原句中“产品”和“生产”是关键词。表示“产品”的名词为“product”，是可数名词，由“other”可知，此处应用其复数形式，在词尾加-s；表示“生产”的动词为“produce”，由“to”可知，此处应用其原形。 6. 如果你不知道如何处理这些旧书，把它们送给有需要的人。 If you don’t know how to 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　these old books, give them to people in need. 【答案】① deal    ② with 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“处理”，英文常用短语为 “deal with” 表示“处理、应对”。“how to deal with” 为固定搭配，后接宾语 “these old books”。故填deal；with。 7. 全世界有超过十亿人正遭受各种不同眼部问题的困扰。 Over one billion people around the world are 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 different kinds of eye problems. 【答案】① suffering    ② from 【解析】原句“正遭受”是关键词，句子时态是现在进行时be doing；遭受“suffer from”，应填suffering；from。 8. We should sort the rubbish every day. (改为被动语态) The rubbish should 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 every day. 【答案】① be    ② sorted 【解析】句意：我们应该每天分类垃圾。原句含有情态动词“should”的主动语态。改为被动语态时，宾语“The rubbish”变为主语，谓语动词需变为“should be+过去分词”。故填be；sorted。 9. They produce silk in Suzhou. (变为被动语态) Silk 　　　　　　　　　 in Suzhou. 【答案】is produced 【解析】句意：原句是一般现在时，被动语态的结构是“am/is/are + 动词过去分词”，主语Silk是不可数名词，be动词用is，produce的过去分词是produced。 三、单项选择 1. Many people like ________ activities because they can get close to nature. A. indoor B. outdoor C. inside D. outside 【答案】B 【解析】句意：许多人喜欢户外活动，因为他们可以亲近自然。 考查形容词辨析。indoor室内的；outdoor户外的；inside在里面的；outside在外面的。根据“get close to nature”可知，能亲近自然的活动应是“户外的”活动；outdoor activities是固定搭配，意为“户外活动”。故选B。 2. We need to protect the earth because of our ________. A. protect B. protects C. protected D. protection 【答案】D 【解析】句意：因为我们的保护，我们需要保护地球。 protect保护，动词原形；protects保护，三单形式；protected保护，动词过去式/过去分词；protection保护，名词。此处是“because of+名词”的结构，表示“因为……”。应填protection。 3. Many creative and environmentally minded people have _________ a way called “upcycling” to turn an unwanted item into something useful. A. come up with B. caught up with C. got along with D. worked closely with 【答案】A 【解析】句意：许多有创意和环保意识的人想出了一种被称为“升级再造”的方法，将不需要的物品变成有用的东西。 come up with想出；caught up with赶上；got along with与……和睦相处；worked closely with与……密切合作。根据“a way called ‘upcycling’ to turn an unwanted item into something useful”可知，此处指想出一种方法，应填come up with。 一、选词填空 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。） pollute city use take turn everyone we harm environment careful Waste sorting (垃圾分类) has become an important topic in today’s society. It’s good for 　　　　1　　　　 protection and saves useful things. Many 　　　　2　　　　 in China now ask people to separate their waste into four groups: recyclable, harmful, kitchen, and other waste. How can we do it right? First, learn what belongs to each group. For example, glass bottles and paper are recyclable. Used batteries (电池) and old medicine should go into 　　　　3　　　　waste. Second, 　　　　4　　　　 different bins. When you are outside, always check the signs on public bins 　　　　5　　　　 before throwing things away. Why is this so important? Proper waste sorting helps reduce 　　　　6　　　　. Recyclable materials like metal and plastic can be 　　　　7　　　　 into new products. This process also saves energy. For example, recycling one plastic bottle can keep a light on for three hours! However, some people still find it difficult. They might forget the rules or think that it 　　　　8　　　　 too much time. To solve this, communities are organizing activities to teach local people. Schools are also adding waste-sorting lessons to help students form good habits. 　　　　9　　　　 effort is important. Small actions can make a big difference. Start from today on, and 　　　　10　　　　 planet will thank you. 【答案】1. environmental     2. cities     3. harmful     4. use     5. carefully     6. pollution     7. turned     8. takes     9. Everyone’s     10. our      【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了垃圾分类的重要意义、正确分类方法与推行中的难点，呼吁大家从自身做起参与垃圾分类，共同保护地球环境。 (1)题： 句意：它对环境保护有好处，还能节约有用的东西。此处需要一个形容词修饰名词“protection”（保护），构成固定搭配“environmental protection”（环境保护）。方框中的名词“environment”需要变为形容词形式“environmental”，表示“环境的”。 (2)题： 句意：中国的许多城市现在要求人们将垃圾分为四类：可回收物、有害垃圾、厨余垃圾和其他垃圾。限定词“many”（许多）后接可数名词复数，方框中的名词“city”需要变为复数形式“cities”，表示“许多城市”。 (3)题： 句意：用过的电池和旧药品应该放入有害垃圾中。此处需要一个形容词修饰名词“waste”（垃圾），根据常识，电池和旧药品属于有害垃圾，方框中的动词“harm” 需要变为形容词形式“harmful”，表示“有害的”。 (4)题： 句意：第二，使用不同的垃圾桶。本句为祈使句，需要用动词原形开头，方框中的动词“use”（使用）符合语境，表达“使用不同的垃圾桶”的含义。 (5)题： 句意：当你在外面时，扔东西之前一定要仔细检查公共垃圾桶上的标识。此处需要一个副词修饰动词“check”（检查），方框中的形容词“careful”需要变为副词形式“carefully”，表示“仔细地”。 (6)题： 句意：正确的垃圾分类有助于减少污染。动词“reduce”（减少）后接名词作宾语，方框中的动词“pollute” 需要变为名词形式“pollution”，表示“污染”。 (7)题： 句意：像金属和塑料这样的可回收材料可以被转化为新产品。本句为被动语态，结构为“be动词+过去分词”，方框中的动词“turn”需要变为过去分词“turned”，构成固定搭配“be turned into”，表示“被转化为”。 (8)题： 句意：他们可能会忘记规则，或者认为这花费太多时间。宾语从句的主语是“it”，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词需要用第三人称单数形式，方框中的动词“take”需要变为“takes”，表示“花费（时间）”。 (9)题： 句意：每个人的努力都很重要。此处需要一个形容词性物主代词修饰名词“effort”（努力），方框中的代词“everyone”需要变为所有格形式“Everyone’s”，表示“每个人的”，注意句首单词首字母需大写。 (10)题： 句意：从今天开始，我们的星球会感谢你。此处需要一个形容词性物主代词修饰名词“planet”（星球），方框中的主格代词“we”需要变为形容词性物主代词“our”表示“我们的”。 二、完形填空 Pollution is serious all over the world. We need to learn the three golden 　　　　1　　　　: reduce, reuse and recycle. Switzerland is a famous green 　　　　2　　　　. It has strict environmental laws. All waste is separated and 　　　　3　　　　. Old clothes are collected and sent to people in poor 　　　　4　　　　. Solar and wind power are clean 　　　　5　　　　. They produce few harmful 　　　　6　　　　 and will never run out. If people drop litter in public, they will be 　　　　7　　　　. Millie is a green lover. She never uses single-use plastic bags. She can 　　　　8　　　　 empty bottles to grow plants. Her 　　　　9　　　　 is to work for environmental protection. She is 　　　　10　　　　 to all green teachers. 1. A. rules B. games C. plans D. signs 2. A. city B. country C. town D. village 3. A. burnt B. recycled C. thrown D. hidden 4. A. areas B. rooms C. houses D. streets 5. A. money B. food C. energy D. water 6. A. gases B. bags C. bottles D. paper 7. A. praised B. fined C. helped D. welcomed 8. A. reuse B. break C. pollute D. sell 9. A. plan B. dream C. idea D. advice 10. A. helpful B. polite C. grateful D. kind 【答案】1. A     2. B     3. B     4. A     5. C     6. A     7. B     8. A     9. B     10. C      【解析】本文介绍了全球污染问题的严重性以及瑞士的环保措施。瑞士作为著名的绿色国家，有严格的环境法规，实行垃圾分类回收，使用清洁能源，乱扔垃圾会被罚款。文章还介绍了一位环保爱好者米莉的绿色生活方式和梦想。 (1)题： 句意：我们需要学习三条黄金法则：减量、复用和回收。 根据后文“reduce, reuse and recycle”可知，这三条是环保的“法则/原则”，应用rules。games“游戏”、plans“计划”、signs“标志”均不符合环保准则的表述。 (2)题： 句意：瑞士是一个著名的绿色国家。 Switzerland是一个“国家”，应用country。city“城市”、town“城镇”、village“村庄”均不符合瑞士的地理层级。 (3)题： 句意：所有垃圾都被分类和回收。 根据前文“recycle”以及瑞士的环保措施可知，垃圾被“回收利用”，应用recycled。burnt“焚烧”、thrown“扔掉”、hidden“隐藏”均不符合环保的循环利用理念。 (4)题： 句意：旧衣物被收集起来送到贫困地区的人们手中。 poor areas 意为“贫困地区”，应用areas。rooms“房间”、houses“房屋”、streets“街道”均不如areas范围广，符合捐赠衣物的目的地。 (5)题： 句意：太阳能和风能是清洁能源。 solar and wind power 属于“能源”，应用energy。money“钱”、food“食物”、water“水”均不符合太阳能和风能的类别。 (6)题： 句意：它们产生的有害气体很少。 根据常识，化石燃料燃烧会产生有害“气体”，而清洁能源产生的有害气体很少，应用gases。bags“袋子”、bottles“瓶子”、paper“纸张”均不符合能源排放的物质。 (7)题： 句意：如果人们在公共场所乱扔垃圾，他们将被罚款。 在环保法规严格的国家，乱扔垃圾会被“罚款”，应用fined。praised“表扬”、helped“帮助”、welcomed“欢迎”均不符合违规处罚的后果。 (8)题： 句意：她可以重复使用空瓶子来种植植物。 根据前文“reduce, reuse and recycle”中的reuse可知，这里是“重复使用”空瓶子，应用reuse。break“打破”、pollute“污染”、sell“卖”均不符合环保再利用的理念。 (9)题： 句意：她的梦想是为环境保护工作。 根据后文“work for environmental protection”可知，这是她的“梦想”，应用dream。plan“计划”、idea“想法”、advice“建议”均不如dream符合长远的人生目标。 (10)题： 句意：她感谢所有环保老师。 be grateful to是固定短语，意为“感激/感谢”，应用grateful。helpful“有帮助的”、polite“礼貌的”、kind“善良的”均不符合感谢他人的语境。 一、阅读单选 A篇 Shanghai is not just a city of tall buildings and busy streets—it’s also becoming a leader in protecting the environment. From buses that use solar power to smart recycling bins, the city is taking big steps toward a cleaner, greener future. One of the biggest changes is in how we use energy. Traditional power plants burn coal (煤) and oil, which make the air dirty. But now, Shanghai is using more clean energy, like solar and wind power. These clean energy sources make electricity without bad things going into the air. Another important effort is recycling (回收) waste. In 2019, Shanghai introduced a strict garbage sorting policy (垃圾分类政策). Every family must put waste into four groups: Recyclable waste, dangerous waste, wet waste, and dry waste. At first, many people found it confusing. But now, most people living there know how to do it. Smart bins even use AI to check if you sort correctly! The recyclables are cleaned and reused to make new things. Students are also joining in. At many middle schools in Shanghai, clubs collect used plastic bags and old textbooks. Some schools have “green corners” where students grow plants using recycled (可回收的) boxes. One school in Pudong even built a small solar-powered phone charging station. Shanghai’s journey toward living in a green way shows that cities can grow and stay green. The future isn’t just about new technology—it’s about the small choices we make every day. 根据语篇内容，选择最佳选项。 1. What clean energies are mentioned in the text? A. Water power. B. Nuclear energy. C. Solar and wind power. 2. How many waste groups do Shanghai families have to sort rubbish into? A. Two. B. Four. C. Five. 3. What does the underlined word “confusing” mean in Paragraph 4? A. Hard to understand. B. Easy to finish. C. Fun to do. 4. What do students do for environmental protection in Shanghai’s schools? A. They collect waste and create green corners. B. They make AI-controlled bins at home. C. They stop using textbooks completely. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Different ways to sort garbage correctly. B. Students’ actions in protecting environment. C. Shanghai’s efforts in environmental protection. 【答案】1. C     2. B     3. A     4. A     5. C      【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了上海在环境保护方面的多项努力，包括使用清洁能源、实行垃圾分类政策以及学生参与环保活动等。 (1)题： 根据第二段内容“But now, Shanghai is using more clean energy, like solar and wind power.”，明确提到清洁能源是太阳能和风能。 (2)题： 根据第三段内容“Every family must put waste into four groups: Recyclable waste, dangerous waste, wet waste, and dry waste.”，明确说明垃圾分为四类。 (3)题： 根据第四段上下文“At first, many people found it confusing. But now, most people living there know how to do it.”，结合“confusing”一词，表示最初人们觉得“难以理解”，与“Hard to understand”同义。 (4)题： 根据第五段内容“clubs collect used plastic bags and old textbooks... Some schools have ‘green corners’...”，学生通过收集废弃物和创建绿色角落参与环保。 (5)题： 通读全文，第一段点明上海在环保方面成为领导者，后文分别从能源、垃圾回收、学生行动等方面展开，整体围绕“上海在环境保护方面的努力”展开。 B篇 More than 50,000,000 people live in the rainforests of the world and most of them do not hurt the forest they live in. They eat the fruits that grow on the forest trees, but they do not cut them down. They kill some animals to eat, but they do not destroy them. When we cut down the rainforests, we destroy these forest people, too. In 1900, there were 1,000,000 forest people in the Amazon forest. In 1980, there were only 200,000. The Yanomami live along the rivers of the rainforest in the north of Brazil (巴西). They have lived in the rainforest for about 10,000 years and they use more than 2,000 different plants for food and for medicine. But in 1988, someone found gold in their forest, and soon 45,000 people came to the forest and began looking for gold. They cut down the forest to make roads. They made more than one hundred airports. The Yanomami people lost their land and food. Many even lost their lives because of the new diseases from those strangers. The Yanomami people tried to save their forest, because it was their home. But the people who wanted gold were stronger. Many forest people try to save their forests. Chico Mendes was famous in Brazil because he wanted to keep the forest for his people. “I want the Amazon forest to help all of us — forest people, Brazil, and all the Earth,” he said. A couple of months later, in December 1988, people who wanted to cut down the forest killed Chico Mendes. In Borneo, Woodcutters were cutting down the forest of the Penan people to sell the wood. The Penan people tried to save their rainforest. They made blockades (障碍) across the roads into the forest.      ▲      In 1987, they closed 15 roads for 8 months. No one cut down any trees during that time. In Panama, the Kuna people saved their forest. They made a forest park which tourists pay to visit. The Gavioes people of Brazil use the forest, but they protect it as well. They find and sell the Brazil nuts which grow on the forest trees. 1. The number of the people living in the Amazon forest in 1980 was ________ of that in 1900. A. half B. one-third C. two-fifths D. one-fifth 2. Those people built roads and airports in order to ________. A. carry away the gold conveniently B. make people there live a better life C. stop spreading the new diseases D. develop the tourism (旅游业) there 3. Which of the following is the most suitable for      ▲     ? A. Soon the woodcutters found another way into the forest. B. The woodcutters had no way to go into the forest. C. The Penan people decided to sell the wood themselves. D. The government helped the Penan people build more roads. 4. In Panama, visitors have to ________ before they enter the forest park of the Kuna people. A. buy Brazil nuts B. plant trees C. pay for the tickets D. pay for the gold 5. From the passage, we learn that ________. A. we need wood to build houses, so we have to cut down trees B. the rainforest people have done something to protect their home C. to humans, gold is more important than trees D. we mustn’t cut down any trees or kill any animals 【答案】1. D     2. A     3. B     4. C     5. B      【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了热带雨林原住民与雨林的共生关系，以及外来淘金者、伐木工对雨林和原住民的破坏，同时介绍了不同原住民部落为保护家园所做的努力。 (1)题： 第二段指出数据：“In 1900, there were 1,000,000 forest people in the Amazon forest. In 1980, there were only 200,000.”，计算可知1980年的人数是1900年的五分之一。 (2)题： 第三段说明目的：“someone found gold in their forest, and soon 45,000 people came to the forest and began looking for gold. They cut down the forest to make roads. They made more than one hundred airports.”，这些道路和机场是为了方便开采、运输黄金。 (3)题： 第六段上下文逻辑：前文提到“They made blockades across the roads into the forest”，后文提到“In 1987, they closed 15 roads for 8 months. No one cut down any trees during that time.”，说明路障有效阻挡了伐木工进入森林。 (4)题： 第七段明确说明：“They made a forest park which tourists pay to visit.”，可知游客进入库纳人的森林公园需要购票。 (5)题： 文章介绍了Yanomami、Penan、Kuna、Gavioes等多个部落为保护雨林家园采取的行动，因此能得出“雨林原住民为保护家园做出了努力”的结论。 一、选词填空 （来源:2024年山东省德州市中考英语真题）    sit, get, be, call, continue, know, control, graduate, help, study, happen Lyu Linyou is a scientist who helps protect the environment in Zhangwu County. Zhangwu County 　　　1　　　 on the edge of the Horqin sandy land. Sand and dust storms 　　　2　　　 a big problem in the past. At one point, 95% of the county was covered in desert land. In 2004, Lyu Linyou 　　　3　　　 from college and he was only 24 years old then. The place he started working 　　　4　　　 the Provincial Institute (研究院) of Sandy Land Use. He has worked there for 20 years up to now. Nowadays, the institute 　　　5　　　 as the Sand Control and Usage Research Institute of the Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences. When Lyu Linyou first came to the county, he didn’t know much about how 　　　6　　　 sand. But with the help of his colleagues (同事) and local farmers, he quickly learned how to do it. In order to find the best grass and herbs (草药) for helping the grasslands in Zhangwu Couty grow back, Lyu 　　　7　　　 more than 400 different plants till now. He tested them and found more than 50 plants that work really well. To our joy, his work shows how science 　　　8　　　 protect the earth and make life better for ever. Because of his hard work, the grasslands in the area 　　　9　　　 healthier day by day. “Though I have made great progress, I 　　　　10　　　　 to work hard nonstop to make sure the environment to get better and better,” he said, “And I am sure this will also create new jobs for the people in this area in the future.” 【答案】1. sits     2. were     3. graduated     4. was called     5. is known     6. to control     7. has studied     8. helps     9. are getting     10. will continue      【解析】本文主要讲述了科学家吕林友在彰武县保护环境的故事。 (1)题： 句意：彰武县坐落在科尔沁沙地边缘。根据“Zhangwu County...on the edge of the Horqin sandy land”可知，此处表示地理位置，结合备选词汇，sit符合语境，表示“坐落于”。陈述客观事实一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用三单。故填sits (2)题： 句意：过去沙尘暴是大问题。根据题干可知，此句为主系表结构，空格处应填系动词，主语storms是复数名词，时间状语为“in the past”，时态为一般过去时，系动词应是were。故填were。 (3)题： 句意：2004年，吕林友大学毕业，当时他只有24岁。根据“from college”可知，此处应选择动词graduate表示“毕业”。时态应为一般过去时。故填graduated。 (4)题： 句意：他开始工作的地方叫做“省沙地利用研究院”。根据“the Provincial Institute (研究院) of Sandy Land Use”可知，这是他工作单位的名字，应选择动词call“称呼”。主语place和谓语动词call之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。根据“he started working”可知，本句时态为一般过去时，主语place是第三人称单数，被动语态的结构应为was+过去分词。故填was called。 (5)题： 句意：目前，该研究所被称为辽宁省农业科学院治沙与利用研究所。根据备选词汇know“知道”和后面的介词as可知，此处是固定词组be known as“被称为”。由“Nowadays”可知，时态为一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，系动词用is。故填is known。 (6)题： 句意：吕林友刚来这个县的时候，对如何控制沙子不太了解。根据“he didn’t know much about how...sand”以及备选词汇可知，此处是指“控制沙子”。how to do sth.“如何做某事”是“疑问词+不定式”的结构作宾语。故填to control。 (7)题： 句意：为了找到最好的草和草药来帮助彰武县的草原恢复生长，吕至今研究了400多种不同的植物。根据“He tested them and found more than 50 plants that work really well. ”可知，他研究了400多种植物。study“研究”，时间状语是“till now”，时态应为现在完成时，主语是he，现在完成时的结构为has+过去分词。故填has studied。 (8)题： 句意：令我们高兴的是，他的作品展示了科学如何帮助保护地球，让生活永远更美好。根据“ his work shows how science...protect the earth”可知，此处应选择动词help表示“帮助”。主语science是第三人称单数，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用三单。故填helps。 (9)题： 句意：由于他的辛勤工作，该地区的草原日益健康。根据“healthier day by day.”可知，此处应选择动词get表示“变得”。结合时间状语“day by day”可知，时态应为现在进行时，主语是复数名词grasslands，系动词用are。故填are getting。 (10)题： 句意：虽然我取得了很大的进步，但我会不停地努力工作，确保环境越来越好。根据“Though I have made great progress, I...to work hard”可知，此处应选择动词continue表示“继续”。根据“I have made great progress”可知，将来还会继续努力，用一般将来时，结构为will+动词原形。故填will continue。 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $