精品解析：湖南长沙外国语学校2026-2027学年上学期初三第一次阶段性练习 英语

2026-2027 学年长沙外国语学校初三第一次阶段性练习 英语 (满分100分，考试时间100分钟) 第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分20分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1. How many Nobel Prizes did Madame Curie win during her life? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. 2. What was Shakespeare best known as? A. The greatest writer. B. The greatest inventor. C. The greatest actor. 3. When was Yuan Longping born? A. In 1920. B. In 1923. C. In 1930. 4. What was Stephen Hawking interested in? A. Math. B. Science. C. Universe. 5. Why does the girl admire Norman Bethune? A. Because he helped Chinese soldiers. B. Because he built many hospitals. C. Because he improved China’s technology. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 听下面6段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7小题。 6. How was Anna’s Chinese class? A. Great. B. Boring. C. Difficult. 7. What is Laozi? A. A poet. B. A soldier. C. A thinker. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9小题。 8. Why did Zhang Guimei decide to help the girls in the mountains? A. She liked the students. B. She got help from the people there. C. The government asked her to help them. 9. How many girls have gone to college because of Zhang Guimei’s work? A. Around 100. B. Around 1,000. C. Around 2,000. 听第8段材料，回答第10、11小题。 10. What’s Helen Keller? A. An educator (教育家) and writer. B. A thinker and writer. C. A writer and traveler. 11. When did Helen Keller become blind? A. At the age of 9 months. B. At the age of 18 months. C. At the age of 19 months. 听第9段材料，回答第12至14小题。 12. What subject does Miss Yu teach? A. Math. B. English. C. Science. 13. When does Cindy have a math test every week? A. On Monday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Friday. 14. What does Miss Yu do to help Victor? A. She tries to explain things more clearly. B. She helps Victor do the homework after school. C. She gives more exercises to Victor. 听第10段材料，回答第15至17小题。 15. Why does the woman keep practicing acting every day? A. Her teacher asks her to do it. B. She never feels bored at all. C. She thinks it is helpful for her. 16. When will the woman’s new movie come out? A. This May. B. This June. C. This July. 17. Who does the woman usually play tennis with? A. Her brother. B. Her acting teacher. C. Her friend. 听第11段材料，回答第18至20小题。 18. What kind of children does Ye Lianping mainly help? A. Children with learning difficulties. B. Children with only one parent. C. Children with parents working far away. 19. How long has Ye taught English for free? A. For 5 years. B. For 20 years. C. For 25 years. 20. What does Ye believe about true love? A. It should be paid well. B. It expects nothing in return. C. It will return after many years. 第二部分阅读(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共10小题;每小题2分，满分20分) 阅读下列材料，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Recently, Teens made a survey on the BRI (“一带一路”倡议) among its readers and here are the results. What differences does the BRI make to your life? When I was little, my most exciting time was getting candies and new toys from China. Now, thanks to the BRI, I can enjoy these things all the time. This has made our life much easier. —Kairat, from Kazakhstan (哈萨克斯坦) Because of the BRI, I can often watch wonderful performances from my home country in Beijing. This helps people from both countries better understand each other’s cultures. —Temelidi, from Russia 1. Where do most readers learn about the BRI? A. From mass media. B. From social media. C. From school classes and textbooks. 2. Where can we read the text? A. In a science book. B. In a school report card. C. In a teen magazine. B ①Do you like blueberries? If so, the next time you’re about to eat these delicious berries, take a good look at them. Then ask yourself: Are blueberries really blue? ②For the most part, blueberries aren’t blue. If you carefully take off the skin of one blueberry, you’ll see that the fruit inside is white. If you rub (摩擦) the inside of the skin on a white piece of paper, you’ll see a reddish-purple color. And if you gently rub the outside of a blueberry, the blue color disappears and the berry looks almost black. But the moment you pick one, it does look blue. What’s going on? ③Well, there are two ways to create colors. The first is through pigments (色素). Pigments show the color of the light they don’t take in. The most common pigment in plants is chlorophyll (叶绿素), a green pigment. Plant leaves appear green because chlorophyll doesn’t take in green light. It sends it out instead while taking in blue and red light. Plants prefer to take in blue light because it has more energy than any other light. In fact, there aren’t any “true blue” pigments in the plant world. ④The second way to make color is through “structural color (结构色)”. This happens when the surface makes some colors of light look different. Have you ever seen the rainbow colors on a CD? These colors show up because of the tiny spaces between the CD’s thin layers (层). These spaces only allow certain colors to reach our eyes. ⑤Blueberries also create “structural color” in their own way. The berries look black when they’re ripe (成熟的), but the plants build a thin layer of wax (蜡) on their outside. This layer is only 0.4% of a centimeter thick, but it gives the berries their blue look. The blue color helps the plants because birds are attracted to the rare color. They eat the berries and spread the seeds (种子) far and wide. ⑥Now your bowl of blueberries suddenly looks a lot more interesting. The fruit is beautiful, but its beauty is only skin deep! 3. According to the article, after you gently rub the outside of a blueberry, it almost looks ________. A. blue B. white C. black 4. Which of the following pictures correctly shows why a leaf looks green to us? A. B. C. 5. Blueberries appear blue in the same way that ________. A. a CD appears colorful B. a tree leaf appears green C. they appear black when ripe 6. Which of the following shows the structure of this passage? A. ①/②③/④⑤⑥ B. ①/②/③④/⑤⑥ C. ①/②/③④⑤/⑥ C Pang Zhongwang was born in a poor family in a small village of Hebei Province in 1999. His father had mental illness and his mother was disabled, unable to walk. What’s worse, he had heart disease when he was young. The family lived a hard life, with lots of debts (债务). Even though there are so many difficulties, Pang Zhongwang was a hard-working boy. From a young age, he not only took good care of his parents but also did well in his studies. Every morning, he got up early to cook meals, clean the house and help his mother before going to school. After school, he quickly finished his homework and then did more housework. His love for learning was strong. He spent almost all his free time reading books. He focused on working out all the difficult problems in every subject. “When he is studying, he never feels tired.” his mother said. His efforts paid off. In 2017, he took part in the college entrance examination and got an excellent score of 684 points. With the extra 60 points from Tsinghua University’s “Self-improvement Plan”, he successfully became a student in Tsinghua University. In Tsinghua University, he continued to work hard. He spent a lot of time exploring new knowledge in the library. His hard work led to great achievements. He published papers on some important academic (学术的) magazines and won his first invention patent (专利). Now, as a Ph.D. student, Pang Zhongwang is still making progress. He never forgets his family and the people who have helped him. He hopes to use his knowledge to help more people in need. His story shows that no matter how difficult life is, as long as we hold on to our dreams and work hard, we can succeed. 7. What difficulties did Pang Zhongwang face in his childhood? A. He had serious mental illness. B. His family led a wealthy life. C. His parents had health problems. 8. What did Pang Zhongwang do before school when he was young? ①He cooked meals. ②He finished his homework. ③He cleaned the house. ④He helped his mother. A. ①②④ B. ①③④ C. ②③④ 9. How did the writer introduce Pang’s strong love for learning in paragraph 3? A. By giving examples. B. By raising questions. C. By explaining reasons. 10. Which of the following can best express the story? A. Many hands make light work. B. Actions speak louder than words. C. Where there is a will, there is a way. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分) 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺，内容完整。 I come from a small town in China. ____11____. It was a small, quiet town with narrow dirt roads and old-fashioned houses. Most people worked as farmers, and there were very few modern tools. Life was peaceful but not always easy, especially when it rained and the roads turned muddy (泥泞的). Now, thanks to China’s rapid development, my hometown has changed a lot. ____12____. Streetlights line both sides of the roads. Tall apartment buildings and modern shopping malls stand where there were once empty fields. A new industrial zone (工业区) has brought in many companies. It has created thousands of job opportunities. ____13____. We now have a modern hospital with better medical technology. Our schools have smart classrooms with computers and the Internet. The town centre has a new beautiful square, where people gather to exercise and relax in the evenings. The environment has also been carefully protected during the development. The government has planted thousands of trees and built several parks. A river that used to be polluted has been cleaned up. ____14____. These changes have brought us a more comfortable life, but we should also protect our hometown. While enjoying modern conveniences (便利的事物), we must work together to protect our environment. ____15____. And I believe it will develop in an even better way. A. Now people can see fish there again. B. What has improved most is public services. C. I’m proud of the great changes in my hometown. D. Wide and clean roads have replaced the old dirt streets. E. I still remember what my hometown was like when I was a child. 第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分 25 分) 第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) Huang Xuhua was the chief designer of China’s first-generation nuclear submarines (核潜艇). Huang’s life was like a submarine in the deep sea—____16____, but with endless power. Huang led the research and development of China’s first nuclear submarine. But his work had been kept a secret for 30 years. In 1926, Huang was born in Guangdong Province. ____17____ 1945 to 1949, Huang studied shipbuilding at Chiao Tung University. The project to develop China’s first nuclear-powered submarine was set in 1958. Huang was ____18____ as one of the 29 researchers on the team. However, China didn’t have the ____19____ to develop a nuclear submarine then. And none of the researchers had the knowledge in that field. They had to piece together all the information they found and ____20____ studied two US submarine models. Without ____21____, they used abacuses (算盘) and rulers to solve problems. In 1970, China had the ____22____ nuclear submarine, Long March No. 1, and became the fifth nation to have a nuclear submarine. Huang’s life was filled with great ____23____. In 2019, he was awarded (授予) the Medal of the Republic. In 2020, he ____24____ the highest science and technology award of the nation for 2019. Huang spent ____25____ whole life working hard for China’s nuclear submarine industry and national defense (国防). He made amazing contributions (贡献) to these areas. 16. A. active B. boring C. silent 17. A. From B. With C. In 18. A. refused B. expected C. chosen 19. A. conditions B. reasons C. purposes 20. A. bravely B. happily C. carefully 21. A. offices B. computers C. phones 22. A. first B. second C. third 23. A. discoveries B. challenges C. achievements 24. A. invented B. offered C. received 25. A. his B. her C. their 第二节(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分) 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 medical give development few because have we government in fall My grandparents live in a small village. Every time I visit them, I notice that there are ____26____ people than before. My grandfather told me that when he was young, the village had about 500 people. Now, its number has ____27____ to only 100! He says this change is happening in many rural (农村的) areas because of the aging population and young people moving to cities for work. The population growth rate (率) is falling ____28____ people don’t want to have children. ____29____ in many countries, including China, are encouraging larger families. They offer different kinds of help to families, like better ____30____ care, education subsidies (补助金), and housing benefits. These policies try to ____31____ more confidence to families and help people raise children more easily. My parents always say that people in larger families can help each other better. They believe that ____32____ more children means more joy and growth in the family. In my school, I learn that larger families also make our society more lively. With more children growing up, they will bring new ideas and energy to different fields ____33____ the future. I believe that with these helpful ways, we can balance (平衡) population ____34____ and the needs of modern life. If we make full use of these policies, we can build a better future not only for ____35____ families but also for the whole country. 第四部分读写综合(共两节，满分25分) 第一节 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 Yang Zhenning, a world-famous physicist and Nobel Prize winner, passed away in Beijing on October 18th, 2025, at the age of 103. His death is a great loss for China and the world. Yang was born in Hefei, Anhui Province in 1922. He grew up on Tsinghua University’s campus because his father taught math there. He was good at science from a young age and later went to study and teach in the US. As one of the greatest scientists of the 20th century, he and his partner Tsung-Dao Lee came up with an important theory (理论) in 1956. Because of it, they won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957. He also co-created the Yang-Mills theory, which helped build the basis of modern physics. In 1999, Yang went back to Tsinghua as a professor and spent his last years there, working hard to train young science talents. After he passed away, Tsinghua set up a memorial (追悼的) room. Many people came to show their respect and called him a role model. Yang’s century-long life was a shining example of great wisdom, hard work and love for his motherland. His great contributions to China and the whole world will forever be remembered. 36. When and where did Yang Zhenning pass away? ______________________________________________ 37. Why did Yang grow up on Tsinghua University’s campus? ______________________________________________ 38. What prize did Yang and Tsung-Dao Lee win in 1957? ______________________________________________ 39. Did Yang return to Tsinghua University in 1999? ______________________________________________ 40. What do you think of Yang’s life? ______________________________________________ 第二节 41. 假设你是李华，你校英语俱乐部计划开展主题为“我心中的榜样”的英文写作比赛。请你根据以下思维导图的提示用英文写一篇短文，介绍你心中的一位榜样。 注意: (1) 可在思维导图内容提示的基础上适当拓展信息。 (2) 不能照抄原文; 不得在作文中出现真实校名、地点和考生的真实姓名。 (3) 语句连贯，词数80左右。作文的开头已经给出，不计入总词数。 The Role Model in My Heart Everyone has a role model in their heart. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027 学年长沙外国语学校初三第一次阶段性练习 英语 (满分100分，考试时间100分钟) 第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分20分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1. How many Nobel Prizes did Madame Curie win during her life? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. 2. What was Shakespeare best known as? A. The greatest writer. B. The greatest inventor. C. The greatest actor. 3. When was Yuan Longping born? A. In 1920. B. In 1923. C. In 1930. 4. What was Stephen Hawking interested in? A. Math. B. Science. C. Universe. 5. Why does the girl admire Norman Bethune? A. Because he helped Chinese soldiers. B. Because he built many hospitals. C. Because he improved China’s technology. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 听下面6段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7小题。 6. How was Anna’s Chinese class? A. Great. B. Boring. C. Difficult. 7. What is Laozi? A. A poet. B. A soldier. C. A thinker. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9小题。 8. Why did Zhang Guimei decide to help the girls in the mountains? A. She liked the students. B. She got help from the people there. C. The government asked her to help them. 9. How many girls have gone to college because of Zhang Guimei’s work? A. Around 100. B. Around 1,000. C. Around 2,000. 听第8段材料，回答第10、11小题。 10. What’s Helen Keller? A. An educator (教育家) and writer. B. A thinker and writer. C. A writer and traveler. 11. When did Helen Keller become blind? A. At the age of 9 months. B. At the age of 18 months. C. At the age of 19 months. 听第9段材料，回答第12至14小题。 12. What subject does Miss Yu teach? A. Math. B. English. C. Science. 13. When does Cindy have a math test every week? A. On Monday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Friday. 14. What does Miss Yu do to help Victor? A. She tries to explain things more clearly. B. She helps Victor do the homework after school. C. She gives more exercises to Victor. 听第10段材料，回答第15至17小题。 15. Why does the woman keep practicing acting every day? A. Her teacher asks her to do it. B. She never feels bored at all. C. She thinks it is helpful for her. 16. When will the woman’s new movie come out? A. This May. B. This June. C. This July. 17. Who does the woman usually play tennis with? A. Her brother. B. Her acting teacher. C. Her friend. 听第11段材料，回答第18至20小题。 18. What kind of children does Ye Lianping mainly help? A. Children with learning difficulties. B. Children with only one parent. C. Children with parents working far away. 19. How long has Ye taught English for free? A. For 5 years. B. For 20 years. C. For 25 years. 20. What does Ye believe about true love? A. It should be paid well. B. It expects nothing in return. C. It will return after many years. 第二部分阅读(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共10小题;每小题2分，满分20分) 阅读下列材料，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Recently, Teens made a survey on the BRI (“一带一路”倡议) among its readers and here are the results. What differences does the BRI make to your life? When I was little, my most exciting time was getting candies and new toys from China. Now, thanks to the BRI, I can enjoy these things all the time. This has made our life much easier. —Kairat, from Kazakhstan (哈萨克斯坦) Because of the BRI, I can often watch wonderful performances from my home country in Beijing. This helps people from both countries better understand each other’s cultures. —Temelidi, from Russia 1. Where do most readers learn about the BRI? A. From mass media. B. From social media. C. From school classes and textbooks. 2. Where can we read the text? A. In a science book. B. In a school report card. C. In a teen magazine. 【答案】1. A 2. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文，介绍了Teens杂志面向其读者开展的关于“一带一路”倡议的调查结果，包含读者对“一带一路”的了解程度、了解渠道的统计数据，以及两位外国读者分享“一带一路”给自己生活带来的积极影响。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据图表中“Where did you learn about the BRI?”部分的“Mass media (大众媒体) 84.8%”可知，大众媒体的占比在所有了解渠道中最高，因此大多数读者通过大众媒体了解“一带一路”。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Recently, Teens made a survey on the BRI among its readers and here are the results.”可推知，该调查由面向青少年的Teens刊物发起，内容符合青少年杂志的定位，因此这篇文章可以在青少年杂志中读到。 B ①Do you like blueberries? If so, the next time you’re about to eat these delicious berries, take a good look at them. Then ask yourself: Are blueberries really blue? ②For the most part, blueberries aren’t blue. If you carefully take off the skin of one blueberry, you’ll see that the fruit inside is white. If you rub (摩擦) the inside of the skin on a white piece of paper, you’ll see a reddish-purple color. And if you gently rub the outside of a blueberry, the blue color disappears and the berry looks almost black. But the moment you pick one, it does look blue. What’s going on? ③Well, there are two ways to create colors. The first is through pigments (色素). Pigments show the color of the light they don’t take in. The most common pigment in plants is chlorophyll (叶绿素), a green pigment. Plant leaves appear green because chlorophyll doesn’t take in green light. It sends it out instead while taking in blue and red light. Plants prefer to take in blue light because it has more energy than any other light. In fact, there aren’t any “true blue” pigments in the plant world. ④The second way to make color is through “structural color (结构色)”. This happens when the surface makes some colors of light look different. Have you ever seen the rainbow colors on a CD? These colors show up because of the tiny spaces between the CD’s thin layers (层). These spaces only allow certain colors to reach our eyes. ⑤Blueberries also create “structural color” in their own way. The berries look black when they’re ripe (成熟的), but the plants build a thin layer of wax (蜡) on their outside. This layer is only 0.4% of a centimeter thick, but it gives the berries their blue look. The blue color helps the plants because birds are attracted to the rare color. They eat the berries and spread the seeds (种子) far and wide. ⑥Now your bowl of blueberries suddenly looks a lot more interesting. The fruit is beautiful, but its beauty is only skin deep! 3. According to the article, after you gently rub the outside of a blueberry, it almost looks ________. A. blue B. white C. black 4. Which of the following pictures correctly shows why a leaf looks green to us? A. B. C. 5. Blueberries appear blue in the same way that ________. A. a CD appears colorful B. a tree leaf appears green C. they appear black when ripe 6. Which of the following shows the structure of this passage? A. ①/②③/④⑤⑥ B. ①/②/③④/⑤⑥ C. ①/②/③④⑤/⑥ 【答案】3. C 4. B 5. A 6. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文，围绕“蓝莓是否真的为蓝色”的问题展开，先介绍蓝莓并非真正蓝色的现象，再讲解植物产生颜色的两种方式（色素显色、结构色），最终说明蓝莓的蓝色来自表面蜡层形成的结构色，同时介绍了这种蓝色对植物的作用。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第②段“if you gently rub the outside of a blueberry, the blue color disappears and the berry looks almost black”可知，轻轻摩擦蓝莓外皮后，蓝莓几乎呈黑色。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第③段“Plant leaves appear green because chlorophyll doesn’t take in green light. It sends it out instead while taking in blue and red light”可知，叶片显绿色的原理是：太阳光中的蓝光和红光被叶绿素吸收，绿光被反射进入人眼，图B准确呈现了这一过程。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第④段“The second way to make color is through ‘structural color’...Have you ever seen the rainbow colors on a CD? These colors show up because of the tiny spaces between the CD’s thin layers”和第⑤段“Blueberries also create ‘structural color’ in their own way”可推知，蓝莓显蓝色和CD显彩色都依靠结构色，显色原理相同。 【6题详解】 篇章结构题。文章第①段以问题引入话题；第②段描述蓝莓并非真正蓝色的现象，引出疑问；第③④⑤段介绍两种显色方式，并解释蓝莓的蓝色属于结构色，为主体解释部分；第⑥段总结全文。因此文章结构为①/②/③④⑤/⑥。 C Pang Zhongwang was born in a poor family in a small village of Hebei Province in 1999. His father had mental illness and his mother was disabled, unable to walk. What’s worse, he had heart disease when he was young. The family lived a hard life, with lots of debts (债务). Even though there are so many difficulties, Pang Zhongwang was a hard-working boy. From a young age, he not only took good care of his parents but also did well in his studies. Every morning, he got up early to cook meals, clean the house and help his mother before going to school. After school, he quickly finished his homework and then did more housework. His love for learning was strong. He spent almost all his free time reading books. He focused on working out all the difficult problems in every subject. “When he is studying, he never feels tired.” his mother said. His efforts paid off. In 2017, he took part in the college entrance examination and got an excellent score of 684 points. With the extra 60 points from Tsinghua University’s “Self-improvement Plan”, he successfully became a student in Tsinghua University. In Tsinghua University, he continued to work hard. He spent a lot of time exploring new knowledge in the library. His hard work led to great achievements. He published papers on some important academic (学术的) magazines and won his first invention patent (专利). Now, as a Ph.D. student, Pang Zhongwang is still making progress. He never forgets his family and the people who have helped him. He hopes to use his knowledge to help more people in need. His story shows that no matter how difficult life is, as long as we hold on to our dreams and work hard, we can succeed. 7. What difficulties did Pang Zhongwang face in his childhood? A. He had serious mental illness. B. His family led a wealthy life. C. His parents had health problems. 8. What did Pang Zhongwang do before school when he was young? ①He cooked meals. ②He finished his homework. ③He cleaned the house. ④He helped his mother. A. ①②④ B. ①③④ C. ②③④ 9. How did the writer introduce Pang’s strong love for learning in paragraph 3? A. By giving examples. B. By raising questions. C. By explaining reasons. 10. Which of the following can best express the story? A. Many hands make light work. B. Actions speak louder than words. C. Where there is a will, there is a way. 【答案】7. C 8. B 9. A 10. C 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了庞众望尽管童年面临诸多困难，但依然坚持梦想、努力学习并取得成功的故事。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据“His father had mental illness and his mother was disabled, unable to walk. What’s worse, he had heart disease when he was young.”，说明他父母有健康问题，他自己小时候也有心脏病，故选C。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Every morning, he got up early to cook meals, clean the house and help his mother before going to school.”可知，他上学前会做饭、打扫房子和帮助妈妈，①③④正确。故选B。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据“He spent almost all his free time reading books. He focused on working out all the difficult problems in every subject.”通过列举他利用空闲时间读书、专注解决难题等事例，体现了他对学习的热爱。故选A。 【10题详解】 主旨大意题。文章讲述了庞众望尽管童年面临诸多困难，但依然坚持梦想、努力学习并取得成功的故事，“Where there is a will, there is a way.”（有志者事竟成）最能表达这个故事的主旨。故选C。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分) 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺，内容完整。 I come from a small town in China. ____11____. It was a small, quiet town with narrow dirt roads and old-fashioned houses. Most people worked as farmers, and there were very few modern tools. Life was peaceful but not always easy, especially when it rained and the roads turned muddy (泥泞的). Now, thanks to China’s rapid development, my hometown has changed a lot. ____12____. Streetlights line both sides of the roads. Tall apartment buildings and modern shopping malls stand where there were once empty fields. A new industrial zone (工业区) has brought in many companies. It has created thousands of job opportunities. ____13____. We now have a modern hospital with better medical technology. Our schools have smart classrooms with computers and the Internet. The town centre has a new beautiful square, where people gather to exercise and relax in the evenings. The environment has also been carefully protected during the development. The government has planted thousands of trees and built several parks. A river that used to be polluted has been cleaned up. ____14____. These changes have brought us a more comfortable life, but we should also protect our hometown. While enjoying modern conveniences (便利的事物), we must work together to protect our environment. ____15____. And I believe it will develop in an even better way. A. Now people can see fish there again. B. What has improved most is public services. C. I’m proud of the great changes in my hometown. D. Wide and clean roads have replaced the old dirt streets. E. I still remember what my hometown was like when I was a child. 【答案】11. E 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者家乡在中国快速发展背景下发生的巨大变化，对比了过去与现在在道路、建筑、公共服务及环境等方面的不同，表达了作者对家乡发展的自豪与期许。 【11题详解】 根据文章第1段“It was a small, quiet town with narrow dirt roads and old-fashioned houses.”可知，此处是在回忆家乡过去的模样，E选项“我仍然记得我小时候家乡是什么样子。”承接下文对旧时家乡的描写，引出童年记忆，符合语境。 【12题详解】 根据文章第2段“Streetlights line both sides of the roads.”可知，前文应提及道路的改变，D选项“宽阔干净的马路已经取代了旧的土路。”和后文道路的新面貌相呼应。 【13题详解】 根据文章第3段“We now have a modern hospital with better medical technology.”可知，本段主要讲述公共服务设施的改善，B选项“改善最多的是公共服务。”总领本段内容。 【14题详解】 根据文章第4段“A river that used to be polluted has been cleaned up.”可知，此处应描述河流治理后的生态恢复效果，A选项“现在人们又可以在那里看到鱼了。”承接河水治理好之后带来的结果。 【15题详解】 根据文章第5段“And I believe it will develop in an even better way.”可知，此处应表达对家乡变化的情感态度，C选项“我为家乡的巨大变化感到自豪。”贴合此处抒发情感的语境。 第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分 25 分) 第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) Huang Xuhua was the chief designer of China’s first-generation nuclear submarines (核潜艇). Huang’s life was like a submarine in the deep sea—____16____, but with endless power. Huang led the research and development of China’s first nuclear submarine. But his work had been kept a secret for 30 years. In 1926, Huang was born in Guangdong Province. ____17____ 1945 to 1949, Huang studied shipbuilding at Chiao Tung University. The project to develop China’s first nuclear-powered submarine was set in 1958. Huang was ____18____ as one of the 29 researchers on the team. However, China didn’t have the ____19____ to develop a nuclear submarine then. And none of the researchers had the knowledge in that field. They had to piece together all the information they found and ____20____ studied two US submarine models. Without ____21____, they used abacuses (算盘) and rulers to solve problems. In 1970, China had the ____22____ nuclear submarine, Long March No. 1, and became the fifth nation to have a nuclear submarine. Huang’s life was filled with great ____23____. In 2019, he was awarded (授予) the Medal of the Republic. In 2020, he ____24____ the highest science and technology award of the nation for 2019. Huang spent ____25____ whole life working hard for China’s nuclear submarine industry and national defense (国防). He made amazing contributions (贡献) to these areas. 16. A. active B. boring C. silent 17. A. From B. With C. In 18. A. refused B. expected C. chosen 19. A. conditions B. reasons C. purposes 20. A. bravely B. happily C. carefully 21. A. offices B. computers C. phones 22. A. first B. second C. third 23. A. discoveries B. challenges C. achievements 24. A. invented B. offered C. received 25. A. his B. her C. their 【答案】16. C 17. A 18. C 19. A 20. C 21. B 22. A 23. C 24. C 25. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了中国第一代核潜艇总设计师黄旭华的事迹。 【16题详解】 句意：黄旭华的人生就像深海中的潜艇——默默无闻，但蕴藏着无尽的力量。 根据前文将人生比作深海潜艇、后文提到他的工作被保密了30年的背景，silent意为“沉默的、不为人知的”，符合黄旭华隐姓埋名研发核潜艇的状态。active“活跃的”，boring“无聊的”均不符合语境。 【17题详解】 句意：从1945年到1949年，黄旭华在交通大学学习造船专业。 固定搭配from...to...表示“从……到……”，用于表述时间区间，From符合此处用法。With“和、用”，In“在……之内”均无法构成正确的时间搭配。 【18题详解】 句意：研发中国第一艘核潜艇的项目于1958年确立，黄旭华被选为团队29名研究人员之一。 此处表达黄旭华被选拔进入研发团队，chosen意为“被选中、被挑选”，符合语境。refused“拒绝”，expected“期待”均不符合语义逻辑。 【19题详解】 句意：然而，当时中国不具备研发核潜艇的条件，所有研究人员都没有该领域的相关知识。 根据后文提到研究人员缺乏相关知识、只能用算盘计算，可知当时各方面条件都不具备，conditions意为“条件”，符合语境。reasons“原因”，purposes“目的”均不符合描述当时国力和技术基础匮乏的语境。 【20题详解】 句意：他们不得不把搜集到的所有信息拼凑起来，并仔细研究了两艘美国潜艇的模型。 根据语境，科研人员在缺乏资料的情况下对仅有的模型进行深入钻研，carefully意为“仔细地、认真地”，符合反复研究的语境。bravely“勇敢地”，happily“开心地”均不符合科研人员严谨钻研模型的状态。 【21题详解】 句意：没有电脑，他们用算盘和尺子解决问题。 根据后文“abacuses and rulers”可知，后文提到用算盘、尺子这类原始工具计算，说明当时没有先进的电子计算设备，computers意为“电脑”，符合语境。offices“办公室”，phones“电话”均不符合语境。 【22题详解】 句意：1970年，中国拥有了第一艘核潜艇“长征一号”，成为第五个拥有核潜艇的国家。 根据第一段“China’s first nuclear submarine”及后文“became the fifth nation”可知，这是中国第一艘核潜艇，first意为“第一的”，符合语境。second“第二的”，third“第三的”均不符合事实逻辑。 【23题详解】 句意：黄旭华的一生充满了伟大的成就。 根据后文提到“he was awarded the Medal of the Republic”，黄旭华获得共和国勋章和国家最高科技奖，可知他一生成就斐然，achievements意为“成就”，符合语境。discoveries“发现”，challenges“挑战”均和后文的荣誉表述不匹配。 【24题详解】 句意：2020年，他获得了2019年度国家最高科学技术奖。 此处表达他获得国家级奖项，received意为“获得、收到”，符合语境。invented“发明”，offered“提供”均不符合语义。 【25题详解】 句意：黄旭华将他的毕生精力投入到中国核潜艇事业和国防建设之中。 此处指代黄旭华的一生，his意为“他的”，符合男性人物的指代逻辑。her“她的”，their“他们的”均不符合指代要求。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分) 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 medical give development few because have we government in fall My grandparents live in a small village. Every time I visit them, I notice that there are ____26____ people than before. My grandfather told me that when he was young, the village had about 500 people. Now, its number has ____27____ to only 100! He says this change is happening in many rural (农村的) areas because of the aging population and young people moving to cities for work. The population growth rate (率) is falling ____28____ people don’t want to have children. ____29____ in many countries, including China, are encouraging larger families. They offer different kinds of help to families, like better ____30____ care, education subsidies (补助金), and housing benefits. These policies try to ____31____ more confidence to families and help people raise children more easily. My parents always say that people in larger families can help each other better. They believe that ____32____ more children means more joy and growth in the family. In my school, I learn that larger families also make our society more lively. With more children growing up, they will bring new ideas and energy to different fields ____33____ the future. I believe that with these helpful ways, we can balance (平衡) population ____34____ and the needs of modern life. If we make full use of these policies, we can build a better future not only for ____35____ families but also for the whole country. 【答案】26. fewer 27. fallen 28. because 29. Governments 30. medical 31. give 32. having 33. in 34. development 35. our 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了农村人口减少和人口老龄化问题，说明政府通过医疗、教育、住房等政策鼓励生育，并表达了对人口发展和美好未来的期待。 【26题详解】 句意：每次我去看望他们，我都注意到那里的人比以前少了。空格后有“people”，且后面的“than before”表示比较，需要用形容词的比较级修饰可数名词复数；结合“there are”以及村庄人口从500人减少到100人的具体信息可知，此处表示“比以前更少的人”，few的比较级为fewer，所以选择fewer。 【27题详解】 句意：现在，村里的人数已经下降到只有100人。空格前有“has”，需要用过去分词构成现在完成时；结合“Now”以及“from about 500 people to only 100”可知，村庄人口数量已经下降，fall的过去分词为fallen，“has fallen to”表示“已经下降到”，所以选择fallen。 【28题详解】 句意：人口增长率正在下降，因为人们不想要孩子。前后两个分句之间存在明显的因果关系，后面的“people don’t want to have children”说明人口增长率下降的原因，因此需要用because引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”，所以选择because。 【29题详解】 句意：包括中国在内的许多国家的政府正在鼓励（民众组建）更大规模的家庭（即鼓励生育多孩）。空格作句子主语，后面的“are encouraging”是谓语，需要一个名词；结合“in many countries, including China”可知，此处指各个国家的政府，government表示“政府”，此处为多个国家的政府，需用复数Governments。句首字母要大写。 【30题详解】 句意：他们向家庭提供不同种类的帮助，比如更好的医疗保健、教育补贴和住房福利。空格修饰“care”，需要一个形容词；结合政府为家庭提供的帮助以及与“education subsidies”“housing benefits”并列可知，此处指医疗保健，medical表示“医疗的”，“medical care”表示“医疗保健”，符合语意。 【31题详解】 句意：这些政策努力给家庭更多信心，并帮助人们更容易地抚养孩子。空格前有“try to”，后面需要接动词原形；结合“more confidence to families”可知，“give ... to ...”表示“给……某物”，give more confidence to families表示“给家庭更多信心”，符合固定搭配和语意，所以选择give。 【32题详解】 句意：他们相信，拥有更多的孩子意味着家庭中有更多的快乐和成长。空格作宾语从句的主语，需要用动名词短语；结合“more children means...”可知，此处表达“拥有更多孩子”这一事实，have的动名词形式为having，“having more children”作主语，谓语动词用means，所以选择having。 【33题详解】 句意：随着更多的孩子长大，他们将在未来给不同的领域带来新的想法和活力。空格位于“the future”前，需要一个介词；“in the future”表示“在未来”，是固定搭配，结合“will bring”可知这里谈论未来的发展，所以选择in。 【34题详解】 句意：我相信，通过这些有帮助的方法，我们可以平衡人口发展和现代生活的需求。空格作“balance”的宾语，并与“the needs of modern life”构成并列关系，需要一个名词；结合全文围绕人口数量、人口增长率以及人口政策展开可知，此处指人口发展，“population development”表示“人口发展”。 【35题详解】 句意：如果我们充分利用这些政策，我们不仅能为我们的家庭，也能为整个国家创造一个更美好的未来。空格修饰名词“families”，需要一个形容词性物主代词；结合句子主语“We”可知，此处表示“我们的家庭”，we的形容词性物主代词为our，“our families”符合语意，所以选择our。 第四部分读写综合(共两节，满分25分) 第一节 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 Yang Zhenning, a world-famous physicist and Nobel Prize winner, passed away in Beijing on October 18th, 2025, at the age of 103. His death is a great loss for China and the world. Yang was born in Hefei, Anhui Province in 1922. He grew up on Tsinghua University’s campus because his father taught math there. He was good at science from a young age and later went to study and teach in the US. As one of the greatest scientists of the 20th century, he and his partner Tsung-Dao Lee came up with an important theory (理论) in 1956. Because of it, they won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957. He also co-created the Yang-Mills theory, which helped build the basis of modern physics. In 1999, Yang went back to Tsinghua as a professor and spent his last years there, working hard to train young science talents. After he passed away, Tsinghua set up a memorial (追悼的) room. Many people came to show their respect and called him a role model. Yang’s century-long life was a shining example of great wisdom, hard work and love for his motherland. His great contributions to China and the whole world will forever be remembered. 36. When and where did Yang Zhenning pass away? ______________________________________________ 37. Why did Yang grow up on Tsinghua University’s campus? ______________________________________________ 38. What prize did Yang and Tsung-Dao Lee win in 1957? ______________________________________________ 39. Did Yang return to Tsinghua University in 1999? ______________________________________________ 40. What do you think of Yang’s life? ______________________________________________ 第二节 41. 假设你是李华，你校英语俱乐部计划开展主题为“我心中的榜样”的英文写作比赛。请你根据以下思维导图的提示用英文写一篇短文，介绍你心中的一位榜样。 注意: (1) 可在思维导图内容提示的基础上适当拓展信息。 (2) 不能照抄原文; 不得在作文中出现真实校名、地点和考生的真实姓名。 (3) 语句连贯，词数80左右。作文的开头已经给出，不计入总词数。 The Role Model in My Heart Everyone has a role model in their heart. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】36. In Beijing on October 18th, 2025. 37. Because his father taught math there. 38. The Nobel Prize in Physics. 39. Yes, he did. 40. His life was a shining example of great wisdom, hard work and love for his motherland. 41. 例文 The Role Model in My Heart Everyone has a role model in their heart, and mine is my English teacher, Ms. Li. She is a kind person. There are two main reasons why she is my role model. First, she is devoted to her teaching. She spends a lot of time preparing interesting lessons for us, which makes learning English a great joy. Second, she never gives up on any student. Whenever we meet difficulties, she is always there to encourage us. Ms. Li has a great influence on me. Because of her, I have become more confident and determined. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了世界著名物理学家、诺贝尔奖获得者杨振宁的生平事迹及其对中国和世界的巨大贡献。 【36题详解】 根据文章第1段“Yang Zhenning, a world-famous physicist and Nobel Prize winner, passed away in Beijing on October 18th, 2025...”可知他于2025年10月18日在北京逝世。因此答案就是原文直接时间信息。 【37题详解】 根据文章第2段“He grew up on Tsinghua University’s campus because his father taught math there.”可知他因为父亲在那里教数学而在清华大学校园长大。因此答案就是原文直接信息。 【38题详解】 根据文章第2段“Because of it, they won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957.”可知他们在1957年赢得了诺贝尔物理学奖。因此答案就是原文直接信息。 【39题详解】 根据文章第3段“In 1999, Yang went back to Tsinghua as a professor...”可知他在1999年回到了清华大学，这是一个一般疑问句，作肯定回答。 【40题详解】 根据文章第3段“Yang’s century-long life was a shining example of great wisdom, hard work and love for his motherland.”可知他的一生是伟大智慧、辛勤工作和热爱祖国的光辉榜样。因此答案就是原文直接信息。 【41题详解】 写作步骤                    [第一步：审题立意]                                      确定文体：记叙文，一般现在时 明确要点：围绕榜样的介绍、成为榜样的原因和对自己的影响这三个要点展开 确定人称：第一人称（I/We）和第三人称 注意事项：不能照抄原文; 不得在作文中出现真实校名、地点和考生的真实姓名；语句连贯，词数80左右。作文的开头已经给出，不计入总词数。 [第二步：构思布局]                                                   三段式结构：         开头段：开门见山，引出自己心中的榜样，并介绍其基本信息（名字、性格等）； 主体段：详细阐述他/她成为自己榜样的原因（列举两点原因）； 结尾段：说明榜样对自己的影响，并表达自己的决心或愿望。 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：榜样的介绍 基本信息：Everyone has a role model in their heart, and mine is my English teacher, Ms. Li./ We all have a role model in our hearts, and the one I admire most is my English teacher, Ms. Li./ There is a role model in everyone’s heart. As for me, my English teacher Ms. Li is exactly that person.等 性格：She is a kind person./ She is a nice person./ She is a warm-hearted person.等 要点二：成为榜样的原因 原因一：First, she is devoted to her teaching. She spends a lot of time preparing interesting lessons for us, which makes learning English a great joy. / To begin with, she is devoted to teaching. Much time is spent (by her) preparing interesting lessons for us, and learning English becomes a wonderful pleasure./ be devoted to her teaching = devote herself to teaching = put all her heart into teaching 全身心投入教学；a lot of time = plenty of time = much time 大量时间；prepare lessons for us = get lessons ready for us 为我们备课；a great joy = full of fun = a wonderful pleasure 一件乐事 原因二：Second, she never gives up on any student. Whenever we meet difficulties, she is always there to encourage us./ What’s more, she sticks by every student and never gives them up. Whenever we have problems, she is always ready to offer us support./ second = secondly = what’s more 其次；any student = a single student 任何一个学生（语气更强）；meet difficulties = run into difficulties /be in trouble /have problems 遇到困难；encourage us = cheer us up = give us encouragement = offer us support 鼓励我们 要点三：对自己的影响 影响程度：Ms. Li has a great influence on me./ Ms. Li exerts a great influence on me./ I am greatly influenced by Ms. Li.等 期望：Because of her, I have become more confident and determined./ Thanks to her influence, I have grown more confident and determined./ She helps me become more confident and determined.等 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $