Unit 4 Natural disasters 基础知识测试题 2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

高一英语 必修一 Unit 4 基础知识测试题 ( 考试时间60分钟，满分100分，本测试题包括本单元话题阅读、七选五、语法填空和完形填空各一篇；单元单词填空、完成句子、单句语法填空三大题和一篇单元话题应用文写作) 班别 姓名 座号 成绩_____________ 一、阅读理解 (共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分) Floods cause many problems for communities. They disorder daily life, force people to leave their homes, cause economic losses, damage property (财产), and lead to deaths and injuries, Floods also harm road, rail network, farms, and cultural sites. In 2007, West Africa had its worst flooding in 30 years, causing over 210 deaths and affecting more than 785,000 people. In Ghana, floods often destroy infrastructure (基础设施), displace (使背井离乡) people. Cause deaths, and lead to illness outbreaks from polluted water. Africa has seen more floods recently. For example, in 2007, floods forced over a million people to move away from their home in Uganda. Ethiopia, Sudan, Burkina Faso, Togo, Mali, and Nigeria, causing over 500 deaths. In 2008. Floods in Mozambique killed seven people and made tens of thousands of people homeless. In September 2009, heavy rain and floods affected 600,000 people in 16 West African countries, The worst-hit were Burkina Faso, Senegal, and Niger. In December 2014, heavy rains caused flooding in southern Africa, affecting 135, 000 people in Malawi, Mozambique, Madagascar, and Zimbabwe by January 2015. Flood effects are different because of location and time. They can have direct effects, like water damage, and indirect effects, like illness outbreaks. In less developed countries, illnesses like malaria, typhoid, and cholera often follow floods. Physical damage to property is a major cause of loss during floods, including repair costs, loss of income, and clean-up costs. Emotional and psychological health problems are also significant. In 2007, no more than 194,103 people in Southern Africa were affected by rain and floods. This included 60,995 people in Malawi, 94,760 in Mozambique, 16,680 in Zambia, and 15,168 in Zimbabwe. More people were affected in Lesotho and Swaziland. Floods damage economies, making it hard to assess (评估) the full effect. Buildings can be partially or totally destroyed, depending on their construction and the severity of the flood. Floods also damage roads and delay projects. They lead to loss of life, destruction of infrastructure, and harm to ecosystems. While floods cannot be completely avoided, their effects can be reduced with advance warning. ( )1．How many people were influenced by floods in West Africa in 2007? A．Over 135,000. B．Over 194,103. C．Over 600,000. D．Over 785,000. ( )2．How does the author mainly develop paragraph 3? A．By listing numbers. B．By asking questions. C．By describing pictures. D．By making comparisons. ( )3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The direct and indirect effects of floods. B．The effects of floods on individuals. C．The dates related to flood damage. D．The illness in less developed countries after floods. ( )4．What is the author’s attitude to weakening the influence of floods? A．Careless. B．Doubtful. C．Positive. D．Negative. 二、七选五（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） Some multi-story (多层) buildings are designed with a “soft” level that offers significantly less support than the levels above or below it. These buildings are called soft-story buildings. These floors cannot deal with the destructive forces caused by an earthquake. 1 This will cause what is known as the “soft-story collapse (倒塌)”. Soft-story buildings are characterized by having a story that has a lot of open space. 2 Hotels and office buildings can also have soft stories. Large retail space (零售空间) or floors with a lot of windows are common in such buildings. If a building has a floor that is 70% less firm than the floor above it, it is considered a soft-story building. This soft story creates a major weak point in an earthquake. Soft stories are classically associated with retail space and parking garages. 3 When they collapse, they can make the whole building fall with them, sometimes making the structure unusable. 4 When builders apply for a permit to build a new structure, engineers may analyze the plans to ensure that no soft stories are built in. If the building department decides that the building will be structurally unsound in a quake, recommendations for improving the design may be included in the rejection (拒绝) letter. Older buildings are of great concern to building departments and emergency services in areas where earthquakes are common. 5 Such projects may be relatively inexpensive, especially when compared with the cost of replacing a soft-story building after it collapses. A．As a result, the soft story may fall. B．A building with a soft story is similar. C．A collapsing building is very dangerous. D．So they are often on the lower stories of a building. E．Parking garages, for example, are often soft stories. F．These buildings are often in need of improvement to make them safer. G．Many areas in an earthquake zone have exact building rules about soft-story buildings. 1._________ 2._________ 3._________ 4._________ 5._________ 三、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last Saturday, tornadoes (龙卷风) 1 (strike) some parts of Texas, causing great damage and eight 2 (death). 3 (fortunate), no one could predict the exact time of the disaster. Serious thunderstorms, 4 (include) unusual winter tornadoes, left damages spreading over 5 80-km-long area across the city in the northern part of Texas. Cars 6 (destroy) or turned upside down, with buildings damaged, trees pulled up. After the tornadoes, they discovered that several people had been caught in the 7 (fall) buildings. It still remains unknown 8 the electricity can be restored or not. At the same time, the American National Weather Service has made a warning 9 a snowstorm will leave up to 40 cm of snow in west Texas 10 Sunday evening. 1.______________ 2.______________ 3.______________ 4. ______________ 5._____________ 6.______________ 7.______________ 8.______________ 9. ______________ 10.____________ 四、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） Life is colorful. Sometimes it’s just like potato salad; when it’s shared, it becomes a picnic. With three young children to bring up, my husband John and I were very 1 . “Can we go on a picnic, Mom?” my six-year-old daughter, Becky 2 . “Please.” I had said no so many times in 3 months, and I decided the usual Saturday morning housework could 4 . To her 5 , I agreed. I prepared a few sandwiches and 6 a cooler with ice and drinks and called John 7 . My eleven-year-old twin sons loaded the cooler and the picnic basket in the trunk and off we went to spend some quality time together as a family. About the time I got the lunch 8 out on the table, John arrived on the 9 . That was one of the happiest meals we ever shared together. The meal was full of laughter. We felt a closeness that had been hidden by work and school responsibilities for so many months. John and the boys 10 rocks into the lake, Becky fed the ducks and I sat quietly at the picnic table, thanking God for blessing me with such a wonderful family. That night as our children went to bed, I kissed their cheeks. It 11 me what a wonderful life I had. As I walked out of the room it dawned on me that even the busiest 12 could become a picnic when it’s shared with the ones you love. Even though kids have now grown up and moved away from home, I can still remember how I felt that day while sitting at the picnic table. Maybe today would be a good time to 13 potato salad, call all of my 14 kids, feed some hungry ducks and skip a few rocks into the lake. Since life is like potato salad, let’s make it a 15 . ( )1．A．patient B．old C．occupied D．poor ( )2．A．begged B．doubted C．asked D．wondered ( )3．A．coming B．recent C．following D．late ( )4．A．last B．approach C．relax D．wait ( )5．A．disappointment B．sadness C．surprise D．embarrassment ( )6．A．occupied B．filled C．provided D．compared ( )7．A．at work B．off work C．on business D．at home ( )8．A．cooked B．spread C．taken D．made ( )9．A．scene B．sight C．view D．scenery ( )10．A．missed B．took C．skipped D．left ( )11．A．refreshed B．questioned C．beat D．struck ( )12．A．lifestyle B．time C．world D．job ( )13．A．watch B．appreciate C．plant D．cook ( )14．A．handsome B．young C．mature D．grown ( )15．A．picnic B．salad C．life D．purpose 五、用本单元所学词汇，根据首字母或汉语提示完成句子 (共10小题; 每小题1分，满分10分) 1．That one mistake r ________________ his chances of getting the job. 2．The soldiers organized a r________ team to save the trapped hikers in the remote mountains. 3．Memories of his childhood came f____ back. 4．Recently, people are more concerned about the quality of the air they b__________. 5．He was admired for s_______ a friend in need during wartime by providing accommodation. 6．Squirrels save by _________(埋葬) nuts in the ground. 7．After the lecture, we were asked to write a(n)______(概要) by our class teacher. 8．The heavy rain caused serious ________ (损坏；损失) to our city. 9．His father _________ (遭受) a serious allergic reaction, which stopped his heart. 10．A study shows drinking coffee before exercise has a negative ______(影响) on the heart. 六、用本单元所学短语，完成句子（共5小题; 每题3分，满分15分） 1．We need to _______________ (消灭；彻底消除) all the unsafe factors before the activity starts. 2．He is still  _______________ (震惊) from the terrible accident that happened right before his eyes earlier this afternoon. 3．The love for my family is ________________(埋藏在我内心深处), giving me the strength to overcome any obstacle that comes my way. 4．Childhood memories came back to me so clearly, _______________ (似乎) the events had happened only yesterday. 5．As China _________ (扮演着更为重要的角色) in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language. 七、单句语法填空（共5小题 每题2分，共10分） 1．The army sent 150,000 soldiers to dig out those who (trap) and to bury the dead. 2．This is the most delicious food   I have ever had. 3．These students parents have come to China for business like the school very much. 4．The man we met at the party is a famous writer. 5．The International Committee of Red Cross is an organization purpose is to help the sick and the needy. 八、书面表达（满分15分） 假定你是李华，据中国地震台网报道，12 月 18 日 23 时 57 分在甘肃省临夏回族自治州积石山县发生 6.2 级地震。地震发生后，你给寒假中的同学们写了一封如何在地震中求生的建议信并发在学校网站上。 注意：1. 写作词数应为 80 左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 参考词汇：magnitude 震级 load-bearing wall 承重墙 Dear students, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第4页（共4页） 试卷第3页（共4页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高一英语 必修一 Unit 4 基础知识测试题 ( 考试时间60分钟，满分100分，本测试题包括本单元话题阅读、七选五、语法填空和完形填空各一篇；单元单词填空、完成句子、单句语法填空三大题和一篇单元话题应用文写作) 班别 姓名 座号 成绩_____________ 一、阅读理解 (共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分) Floods cause many problems for communities. They disorder daily life, force people to leave their homes, cause economic losses, damage property (财产), and lead to deaths and injuries, Floods also harm road, rail network, farms, and cultural sites. In 2007, West Africa had its worst flooding in 30 years, causing over 210 deaths and affecting more than 785,000 people. In Ghana, floods often destroy infrastructure (基础设施), displace (使背井离乡) people. Cause deaths, and lead to illness outbreaks from polluted water. Africa has seen more floods recently. For example, in 2007, floods forced over a million people to move away from their home in Uganda. Ethiopia, Sudan, Burkina Faso, Togo, Mali, and Nigeria, causing over 500 deaths. In 2008. Floods in Mozambique killed seven people and made tens of thousands of people homeless. In September 2009, heavy rain and floods affected 600,000 people in 16 West African countries, The worst-hit were Burkina Faso, Senegal, and Niger. In December 2014, heavy rains caused flooding in southern Africa, affecting 135, 000 people in Malawi, Mozambique, Madagascar, and Zimbabwe by January 2015. Flood effects are different because of location and time. They can have direct effects, like water damage, and indirect effects, like illness outbreaks. In less developed countries, illnesses like malaria, typhoid, and cholera often follow floods. Physical damage to property is a major cause of loss during floods, including repair costs, loss of income, and clean-up costs. Emotional and psychological health problems are also significant. In 2007, no more than 194,103 people in Southern Africa were affected by rain and floods. This included 60,995 people in Malawi, 94,760 in Mozambique, 16,680 in Zambia, and 15,168 in Zimbabwe. More people were affected in Lesotho and Swaziland. Floods damage economies, making it hard to assess (评估) the full effect. Buildings can be partially or totally destroyed, depending on their construction and the severity of the flood. Floods also damage roads and delay projects. They lead to loss of life, destruction of infrastructure, and harm to ecosystems. While floods cannot be completely avoided, their effects can be reduced with advance warning. 1．How many people were influenced by floods in West Africa in 2007? A．Over 135,000. B．Over 194,103. C．Over 600,000. D．Over 785,000. 2．How does the author mainly develop paragraph 3? A．By listing numbers. B．By asking questions. C．By describing pictures. D．By making comparisons. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The direct and indirect effects of floods. B．The effects of floods on individuals. C．The dates related to flood damage. D．The illness in less developed countries after floods. 4．What is the author’s attitude to weakening the influence of floods? A．Careless. B．Doubtful. C．Positive. D．Negative. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．C 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了洪水给社区带来的各种问题，包括日常生活、经济、健康和基础设施等方面的破坏，以及洪水在不同地区和时间的影响差异。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In 2007, West Africa had its worst flooding in 30 years, causing over 210 deaths and affecting more than 785,000 people. (2007年，西非遭遇了30年来最严重的洪水，导致210多人死亡，785,000多人受灾)”可知，2007年西非受到洪水影响的人数是超过785,000人。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“For example, in 2007, floods forced over a million people to move away from their home in Uganda. Ethiopia, Sudan, Burkina Faso, Togo, Mali, and Nigeria, causing over 500 deaths. In 2008. Floods in Mozambique killed seven people and made tens of thousands of people homeless. In September 2009, heavy rain and floods a He c ted 600,000 people in 16 West African countries, The worst-hit were Burkina fast, Senegal, and tiger. In December 2014, heavy rains caused flooding in southern Africa, affecting 135,000 people in Malawi, Mozambique, Madagascar, and Zimbabwe by January 2015.(例如，2007年，洪水迫使乌干达一百多万人背井离乡，埃塞俄比亚、苏丹、布基纳法索、多哥、马里和尼日利亚等国也遭受洪水袭击，导致500多人死亡。2008年，莫桑比克的洪水造成7人死亡，数万人流离失所。2009年9月，16个西非国家因暴雨和洪水受灾，60万人受到影响，其中布基纳法索、塞内加尔和尼日尔受灾最为严重。2014年12月，暴雨导致非洲南部发生洪水，截至2015年1月，马拉维、莫桑比克、马达加斯加和津巴布韦共有135,000人受灾)”可知，第三段提到了2007年乌干达洪水、2008年莫桑比克洪水、2009年西非暴雨和洪水以及2014年南部非洲暴雨导致洪水，在这些例子中，作者都使用了具体的数字来说明洪水造成的伤亡和受灾人数。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Flood effects are different because of location and time. They can have direct effects, like water damage, and indirect effects, like illness outbreaks. In less developed countries, illnesses like malaria, typhoid, and cholera often follow floods. Physical damage to property is a major cause of loss during floods, including repair costs, loss of income, and clean-up costs. Emotional and psychological health problems are also significant.(洪水的影响因地点和时间而异。它们既有直接影响，如水损，也有间接影响，如疾病爆发。在欠发达国家，洪水过后常常会发生疟疾、伤寒和霍乱等疾病。洪水造成的财产实体损失是洪水期间损失的主要原因，包括修复费用、收入损失和清理费用。情感和心理健康问题也同样显著)”可知，第四段主要讲述了洪水的直接和间接影响。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“While floods cannot be completely avoided, their effects can be reduced with advance warning.(虽然洪水无法完全避免，但提前预警可以减少其影响)”可知，作者认为提前预警可以减弱洪水的影响，这表明作者对减弱洪水影响持有积极的态度。故选C。 二、七选五（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处最佳选项。选项中有两项多余选项。 Some multi-story (多层) buildings are designed with a “soft” level that offers significantly less support than the levels above or below it. These buildings are called soft-story buildings. These floors cannot deal with the destructive forces caused by an earthquake. 1 This will cause what is known as the “soft-story collapse (倒塌)”. Soft-story buildings are characterized by having a story that has a lot of open space. 2 Hotels and office buildings can also have soft stories. Large retail space (零售空间) or floors with a lot of windows are common in such buildings. If a building has a floor that is 70% less firm than the floor above it, it is considered a soft-story building. This soft story creates a major weak point in an earthquake. Soft stories are classically associated with retail space and parking garages. 3 When they collapse, they can make the whole building fall with them, sometimes making the structure unusable. 4 When builders apply for a permit to build a new structure, engineers may analyze the plans to ensure that no soft stories are built in. If the building department decides that the building will be structurally unsound in a quake, recommendations for improving the design may be included in the rejection (拒绝) letter. Older buildings are of great concern to building departments and emergency services in areas where earthquakes are common. 5 Such projects may be relatively inexpensive, especially when compared with the cost of replacing a soft-story building after it collapses. A．As a result, the soft story may fall. B．A building with a soft story is similar. C．A collapsing building is very dangerous. D．So they are often on the lower stories of a building. E．Parking garages, for example, are often soft stories. F．These buildings are often in need of improvement to make them safer. G．Many areas in an earthquake zone have exact building rules about soft-story buildings. 【答案】1．A 2．E 3．D 4．G 5．F 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了软层建筑的概念及其在地震中的脆弱性。软层建筑是指那些在某一层或多层楼板结构强度远低于其他楼层的多层建筑。这种建筑在地震中容易发生软层倒塌，造成严重的后果。文章提到了软层建筑的特点，常见于零售空间和停车场等有大量开放空间的楼层，并讨论了软层建筑在地震区的建筑规范和改善措施。 1．根据上文“These floors cannot deal with the destructive forces caused by an earthquake(这些楼层无法应对地震造成的破坏力)”可知，接下来会说明这种情况导致的结果，A选项“As a result, the soft story may fall.(结果，软楼层可能会倒塌)”符合语境，故选A项。 2．上文“Soft-story buildings are characterized by having a story that has a lot of open space.(软楼层建筑的特点是有一层有很多开放空间)”提到软楼层建筑的特点是有一层有很多开放空间，结合下文“Hotels and office buildings can also have soft stories.(酒店和办公楼也可能有软楼层)”可知，空处和下文并列，都举例说明设置软楼层的场所，E选项“Parking garages, for example, are often soft stories.(例如，停车场通常是软楼层)”符合语境，故选E项。 3．根据上文“Soft stories are classically associated with retail space and parking garages.(软楼层通常与零售空间和停车场有关)”和下文“When they collapse, they can make the whole building fall with them, sometimes making the structure unusable.(当它们倒塌时，它们可以使整个建筑物随之倒塌，有时使结构无法使用)”可知，软楼层通常与零售空间和停车场有关，倒塌时会导致整个大楼随之倒塌，说明软楼层位于较低的楼层，D选项“So they are often on the lower stories of a building.(所以它们通常在建筑物的较低楼层)”，符合逻辑，故选D项。 4．根据下文“When builders apply for a permit to build a new structure, engineers may analyze the plans to ensure that no soft stories are built in(当建筑商申请建造新建筑的许可证时，工程师可能会分析计划，以确保没有建造软楼层)”可知，此处引出了关于软楼层建筑的规则，G选项“Many areas in an earthquake zone have exact building rules about soft-story buildings.(地震区的许多地区都有关于软楼层建筑的确切建筑规则。)”符合语境，故选G项。 5．根据上文“Older buildings are of great concern to building departments and emergency services in areas where earthquakes are common(在地震频繁的地区，老建筑是建筑部门和应急服务部门非常关注的问题)”可知此处提到了老建筑需要改进的情况，F选项“These buildings are often in need of improvement to make them safer.(这些建筑往往需要改进以使其更安全)”，符合语境，故选F项。 三、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last Saturday, tornadoes (龙卷风) 1 (strike) some parts of Texas, causing great damage and eight 2 (death). 3 (fortunate), no one could predict the exact time of the disaster. Serious thunderstorms, 4 (include) unusual winter tornadoes, left damages spreading over 5 80-km-long area across the city in the northern part of Texas. Cars 6 (destroy) or turned upside down, with buildings damaged, trees pulled up. After the tornadoes, they discovered that several people had been caught in the 7 (fall) buildings. It still remains unknown 8 the electricity can be restored or not. At the same time, the American National Weather Service has made a warning 9 a snowstorm will leave up to 40 cm of snow in west Texas 10 Sunday evening. 【答案】 1．struck 2．deaths 3．Unfortunately 4．including 5．an 6．were destroyed 7．fallen 8．whether 9．that 10．on 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了上周六龙卷风袭击了德克萨斯州的部分地区，造成了巨大的破坏和人员伤亡，以及随后可能面临的暴风雪天气。 【详解】1．考查时态。句意：上周六，龙卷风袭击了德克萨斯州的部分地区，造成巨大破坏和8人死亡。strike(疾病、灾难等侵袭)在句中作谓语，与主语tornadoes是主动关系，结合时间状语Last Saturday可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时态。故填struck。 2．考查名词。句意：上周六，龙卷风袭击了德克萨斯州的部分地区，造成巨大破坏和8人死亡。可数名词death作宾语，意为“死亡”，有数词eight修饰，用复数形式deaths。故填deaths。 3. 考查副词。句意：不幸的是，没有人能预测灾难的确切时间。提示词修饰整个句子，用副词unfortunately作评注性状语，意为“不幸的是”；句首单词首字母大写。故填Unfortunately。 4．考查介词。句意：严重的雷暴，包括不寻常的冬季龙卷风，给德克萨斯州北部城市的一个80公里长的区域造成了破坏。根据句意，表示“包括”，用介词including构成介词短语作后置定语。故填including。 5．考查冠词。句意：严重的雷暴，包括不寻常的冬季龙卷风，给德克萨斯州北部城市的一个80公里长的区域造成了破坏。可数名词area在句中表示“一个80公里长的区域”，泛指，且“80-km-long”发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 6．考查时态和语态。句意：汽车被毁或翻倒，建筑物受损，树木被拔掉。destroy在句中作谓语，与主语Cars是被动关系，且描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。故填were destroyed。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：龙卷风过后，他们发现有几个人被困在倒塌的建筑物里。不及物动词fall(倒塌)修饰名词buildings，是非谓语动词，表示已经完成的动词，用过去分词作定语。故填fallen。 8．考查主语从句。句意：电力能否恢复仍然未知。句中It是形式主语，“ the electricity can be restored or not”是主语从句，从句不缺成分，用连词whether引导从句，且whether...or not是固定搭配，意为“是否”。故填whether。 9．考查同位语从句。句意：同时，美国国家气象局已经发出警告，在周日晚上，德克萨斯州西部将有一场暴风雪，降雪量可达40厘米。“ a snowstorm will leave up to 40 cm of snow in west Texas Sunday evening.”是同位语从句，解释说明名词warning的内容，从句中不缺成分，句意完整，用连词that引导该从句。故填that。 10．考查介词。句意：同时，美国国家气象局已经发出警告，在周日晚上，德克萨斯州西部将有一场暴风雪，降雪量可达40厘米。具体日期前用介词on，表示“在……晚上”。故填on。 四、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） Life is colorful. Sometimes it’s just like potato salad; when it’s shared, it becomes a picnic. With three young children to bring up, my husband John and I were very 1 . “Can we go on a picnic, Mom?” my six-year-old daughter, Becky 2 . “Please.” I had said no so many times in 3 months, and I decided the usual Saturday morning housework could 4 . To her 5 , I agreed. I prepared a few sandwiches and 6 a cooler with ice and drinks and called John 7 . My eleven-year-old twin sons loaded the cooler and the picnic basket in the trunk and off we went to spend some quality time together as a family. About the time I got the lunch 8 out on the table, John arrived on the 9 . That was one of the happiest meals we ever shared together. The meal was full of laughter. We felt a closeness that had been hidden by work and school responsibilities for so many months. John and the boys 10 rocks into the lake, Becky fed the ducks and I sat quietly at the picnic table, thanking God for blessing me with such a wonderful family. That night as our children went to bed, I kissed their cheeks. It 11 me what a wonderful life I had. As I walked out of the room it dawned on me that even the busiest 12 could become a picnic when it’s shared with the ones you love. Even though kids have now grown up and moved away from home, I can still remember how I felt that day while sitting at the picnic table. Maybe today would be a good time to 13 potato salad, call all of my 14 kids, feed some hungry ducks and skip a few rocks into the lake. Since life is like potato salad, let’s make it a 15 . 1．A．patient B．old C．occupied D．poor 2．A．begged B．doubted C．asked D．wondered 3．A．coming B．recent C．following D．late 4．A．last B．approach C．relax D．wait 5．A．disappointment B．sadness C．surprise D．embarrassment 6．A．occupied B．filled C．provided D．compared 7．A．at work B．off work C．on business D．at home 8．A．cooked B．spread C．taken D．made 9．A．scene B．sight C．view D．scenery 10．A．missed B．took C．skipped D．left 11．A．refreshed B．questioned C．beat D．struck 12．A．lifestyle B．time C．world D．job 13．A．watch B．appreciate C．plant D．cook 14．A．handsome B．young C．mature D．grown 15．A．picnic B．salad C．life D．purpose 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．C 11．D 12．B 13．D 14．D 15．A 【难度】0.65 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一家共享野餐时光，感悟生活应如野餐般多彩。 【详解】1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：要抚养三个年幼的孩子，我和丈夫约翰非常忙碌。A. patient耐心的；B. old老的；C. occupied忙碌的；D. poor贫穷的。根据前文“With three young children to bring up”可知，有三个孩子要抚养，所以会让人分身乏术，occupied符合忙碌的语境。故选C。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“妈妈，我们能去野餐吗？”我六岁的女儿贝基恳求道。A. begged恳求；B. doubted怀疑；C. asked问；D. wondered想知道。根据后文“Please”可知，女儿语气恳切，是在恳求妈妈答应野餐的请求。故选A。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在最近的几个月里，我已经说了太多次 “不行”，于是我决定平时周六早上的家务可以先放一放。A. coming即将到来的；B. recent最近的；C. following接下来的；D. late晚的。根据前文“I had said no so many times”可知，此处指过去一段时间里频繁拒绝女儿的请求，recent months表示“最近几个月”。故选B。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. last持续；B. approach靠近；C. relax放松；D. wait等待，暂缓。根据前文“I had said no so many times”以及后文“I agreed”可知，作者之前一直拒绝，为了陪家人野餐，这次同意了，决定把家务暂缓处理。故选D。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：令她惊讶的是，我同意了。A. disappointment失望；B. sadness悲伤；C. surprise惊讶；D. embarrassment尴尬。根据前文“I had said no so many times”以及后文“I agreed”可知，前文女儿多次被拒绝可知，这次妈妈答应会让她感到意外和惊喜，to one’s surprise为固定搭配“令某人惊讶的是”。故选C。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我准备了一些三明治，把冷藏箱装满冰和饮料，然后打电话给正在上班的约翰。A. occupied占据；B. filled装满；C. provided提供；D. compared比较。根据后文“a cooler with ice and drinks”可知，是把冷藏箱装满冰和饮料，fill...with...为固定搭配，意为“用…… 装满……”，符合往冷藏箱里放冰块和饮料的动作。故选B。 7．考查介词短语辨析。句意同上。A. at work在工作；B. off work下班；C. on business出差；D. at home在家。根据后文“John arrived on the 　　　. That was one of the happiest meals we ever shared together.”可知，约翰后来赶到野餐地点，他一开始在上班，作者打电话通知他野餐的事。故选A。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我把午餐铺在桌子上时，约翰到了。A. cooked烹饪；B. spread铺开；C. taken拿走；D. made制作。根据后文“out on the table”可知，是把午餐铺在桌子上，spread out表示“铺开；摆好”，符合把午餐食物摆到野餐桌上的动作。故选B。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. scene场景；B. sight视力，景象；C. view观点，风景；D. scenery风景。on the scene为固定短语，意为“在场，出现”。此处指约翰到了现场。故选A。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：约翰和孩子们往湖里扔石头，贝基喂鸭子，我静静地坐在野餐桌旁，感谢上帝赐予我如此美好的家庭。A. missed错过；B. took拿走；C. skipped跳跃，扔；D. left离开。根据后文“rocks into the lake”可知，是往湖里扔石头，skip rocks into the lake为固定表达，意为“往湖里打水漂”，符合户外野餐的活动场景。故选C。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我突然想到我的生活是多么美好。A. refreshed使恢复精力；B. questioned询问；C. beat打败；D. struck打击，突然想到。根据前文“That night as our children went to bed, I kissed their cheeks.”可知，It struck sb....为固定句型，意为“某人突然想到……”，符合作者在亲吻孩子时的内心感悟。故选D。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我走出房间时，我突然意识到，即使是最忙碌的生活，当你和你爱的人分享时，也可以变成一场野餐。A. lifestyle生活方式；B. time时间；C. world世界；D. job工作。根据前文“even the busiest”以及后文“could become a picnic when it’s shared with the ones you love”可知，此处指作者平时忙碌的生活时光，与前文照顾孩子、处理家务的忙碌状态相呼应。故选B。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许今天是做土豆沙拉、给我所有长大的孩子打电话、喂饥饿的鸭子、往湖里扔几块石头的好时机。A. watch观看；B. appreciate欣赏；C. plant种植；D. cook烹饪。根据后文“potato salad”可知，此处是指烹饪土豆沙拉。故选D。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. handsome英俊的；B. young年轻的；C. mature成熟的；D. grown长大的。根据前文“kids have now grown up and moved away from home”可知，孩子们长大了。故选D。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：既然生活就像土豆沙拉，那就让我们把它变成一场野餐吧。A. picnic野餐；B. salad沙拉；C. life生活；D. purpose目的。根据前文“let’s make it a”以及前文提到的野餐可知，此处指把生活变成一场野餐，文章开篇和中间都以“picnic”为线索，结尾呼应主题，表达要与爱的人分享生活、享受生活的态度。故选A。 五、用本单元所学词汇，根据首字母或汉语提示完成句子 (共10小题; 每小题1分，满分10分) 1．That one mistake r ________________ his chances of getting the job. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】ruined/uined 【难度】0.85 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：那个错误毁了他得到那份工作的机会。根据句中“That one mistake”可推知，错误“毁了”他的机会；结合首字母提示，用动词ruin，意为“毁坏，破坏”，是谓语动词，与主语That one mistake之间是主动关系，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态。故填ruined。 2．The soldiers organized a r________ team to save the trapped hikers in the remote mountains. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】rescue/escue 【难度】0.85 【详解】考查名词。句意：士兵们组织了一支救援队伍去营救被困在偏远山区的徒步旅行者。根据句意和首字母提示，空处需填入名词rescue，表示：救援、营救。故填rescue。 3．Memories of his childhood came f____ back. 【答案】flooding/looding 【难度】0.71 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：他童年的往事涌上心头。Memories与flood在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词flooding。故填flooding. 4．Recently, people are more concerned about the quality of the air they b__________(根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】breathe/reathe 【难度】0.65 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：人们关心他们呼吸的空气质量。分析句子结构可知，“that they b______”为定语从句，修饰先行词the air，根据首字母提示，可知空处需要填breathe (呼吸)，句子为一般现在时态，主语为they，故填breathe。 【点睛】 5．He was admired for s_______ a friend in need during wartime by providing accommodation. (根据首字母提示单词拼写) 【答案】sheltering/heltering 【难度】0.65 【详解】考查动名词。句意：他在战争期间通过提供住宿来帮助有需要的朋友，因此受到人们的钦佩。根据下文“by providing accommodation (通过提供住宿)”以及首字母提示，可推理出空白处应为shelter表示“庇护”或“收容”，空处作介词宾语，应使用动名词形式。故填sheltering。 6．Squirrels save by _________(埋葬) nuts in the ground. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】burying 【难度】0.85 【详解】考查动词。句意：松鼠通过把坚果埋在地下来保存。表示“埋葬”使用动词bury，作介词by的宾语，应用动名词形式，故填burying。 7．After the lecture, we were asked to write a(n)______(概要) by our class teacher. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】summary 【难度】0.85 【详解】考查名词。句意：讲座结束后，班主任要求我们写一篇总结。根据汉语提示可知应用名词summary，作宾语，不定冠词提示用单数。故填summary。 8．The heavy rain caused serious ________ (损坏；损失) to our city. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】damage 【难度】0.85 【详解】考查名词。句意：这场大雨给我们城市造成了严重的损失。“损坏；损失”作宾语，用名词damage，不可数名词。故填damage。 9．His father _________ (遭受) a serious allergic reaction, which stopped his heart. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】suffered 【难度】0.65 【详解】考查动词。句意：他的父亲出现了严重的过敏反应，导致心脏停止跳动。根据提示的汉语可知，表示“遭受”应为suffer，分析句子结构可知，此处应为主句的谓语动词，根据从句中的谓语动词stopped可知，此处应是描述过去的事情，所以使用一般过去时，且suffer与句子主语his father之间为主动关系。故填suffered。 10．A study shows drinking coffee before exercise has a negative ______(影响) on the heart. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】effect/influence/impact 【难度】0.65 【详解】考查名词。句意：一项研究表明，运动前喝咖啡对心脏有负面影响。have an effect/influence/impact on对……有影响。根据汉语提示及句意，故填effect/influence/impact。 六、用本单元所学短语，完成句子（共5小题; 每题3分，满分15分） 1．We need to _______________ (消灭；彻底消除) all the unsafe factors before the activity starts. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】 sweep away 【难度】0.85 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：我们需要在活动开始前消除所有不安全因素。根据汉语提示可知，空处应用动词短语sweep away，表示“消灭；彻底消除”，且位于不定式符号to后，应用动词原形形式。故填sweep away。 2．He is still  _______________ (震惊) from the terrible accident that happened right before his eyes earlier this afternoon. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】 in shock 【难度】0.85 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：他仍然对今天下午早些时候发生在眼前那可怕的事故感到震惊。根据提示的汉语可知，表示“震惊”应为in shock作表语。故填①in②shock。 3．The love for my family is ________________(埋藏在我内心深处), giving me the strength to overcome any obstacle that comes my way. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】buried deep within my heart 【难度】0.85 【详解】考查语态。句意：对家人的爱深埋在我心中 ，给了我克服任何障碍的力量。“埋藏在某人内心深处”为“bury sth deep within one’s heart”，The love 与bury为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，结合“me”可知，形容词性物主代词用my。故填buried deep within my heart。 4．Childhood memories came back to me so clearly, _______________ (似乎) the events had happened only yesterday. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】 as if/though 【难度】0.94 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：童年的记忆如此清晰地涌上我的脑海，仿佛那些事就发生在昨天。“似乎”是as if/though，引导方式状语从句，故填as if/though。 5．As China _________ (扮演着更为重要的角色) in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language. (用role短语)  (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】plays a greater role 【难度】0.65 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过这门神奇的语言欣赏中国的文化和历史。“扮演……角色”用动词短语play a/an...role，作从句谓语，讲述现在的普遍现象，用一般现在时态，主语China是专用名词，谓语用单数形式plays；“更为重要的”作定语，用形容词greater，且其发音以辅音音素开头，用冠词a。故填plays a greater role。 七、单句语法填空（共5小题 每题2分，共10分） 1．The army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who (trap) and to bury the dead. (所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】were trapped 【难度】0.85 【详解】句意：军队派遣了15万名士兵到唐山挖掘被困人员并埋葬死者。定语从句修饰先行词those，先行词在从句中作主语，与trap构成被动关系，根据上文sent可知为一般过去时的被动语态，定语从句谓语动词与先行词those保持一致，应用复数形式were trapped。 2．This is the most delicious food   I have ever had. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【难度】0.85 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是我吃过最美味的食物。此处引导定语从句，先行词为the most delicious food，在定语从句中充当宾语，且先行词被形容词的最高级修饰，故只能用that引导，故填that。 3．These students parents have come to China for business like the school very much. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【难度】0.85 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这些学生家长都是来中国做生意的，学生非常喜欢这所学校。分析知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是students，在从句中作定语，用whose引导。故填whose。 4．The man we met at the party is a famous writer. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who/whom/that 【难度】0.65 【详解】句意：我们在聚会上遇到的那个人是一位著名作家。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The man，指人，且在从句中作met的宾语，可用关系代词who/whom/that。 5．The International Committee of Red Cross is an organization purpose is to help the sick and the needy. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【难度】0.65 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：红十字国际委员会是一个旨在帮助病人和需要帮助的人的组织。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词whose引导的定语从句，先行词organization在从句中作purpose的定语成分。故填whose。 八、书面表达（满分15分） 假定你是李华，据中国地震台网报道，12 月 18 日 23 时 57 分在甘肃省临夏回族自治州积石山县发生 6.2 级地震。地震发生后，你给寒假中的同学们写了一封如何在地震中求生的建议信并发在学校网站上。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为 80 左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 参考词汇：magnitude 震级 load-bearing wall 承重墙 Dear students, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear students, It’s very important for us to learn some knowledge about earthquake, which will benefit us a lot when a disaster happens. Here are some suggestions as follows. First, pay attention to some basic experience about how to escape from natural disasters. In addition, keep calm. When you are in trouble, a relaxing mind will surely help you a lot. More importantly, stay in a small room or stand beside the load-bearing walls. Please keep the suggestions above in mind. The more knowledge of earthquake you know, the safer you will be. Yours Li Hua 【难度】0.85 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。要求考生在甘肃省临夏回族自治州积石山县发生 6.2 级地震后，给寒假中的同学们写了一封如何在地震中求生的建议信并发在学校网站上。 【详解】1.词汇积累 重要的：important→significant 发生：happen→take place 建议：suggestion→advice 帮助：help→assist 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：First, pay attention to some basic experience about how to escape from natural disasters. 拓展句：First, it is a must to pay attention to some basic experience about how to escape from natural disasters. 【点睛】【高分句型1】It’s very important for us to learn some knowledge about earthquake, which will benefit us a lot when a disaster happens.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】When you are in trouble, a relaxing mind will surely help you a lot. More importantly, stay in a small room or stand beside the load-bearing walls.（运用了when引导的状语从句） 试卷第14页（共16页） 试卷第15页（共16页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $