Unit 4 Natural Disasters 基础知识复习检测 -2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

Unit 4 Natural Disasters基础知识复习检测答案 一、单句语法填空 1. efforts 2. buried 3. electricity 4. ruined 5. emergency 6. Trapped 7. length 8. shocked 9. survivors 10. effective 二、选用方框中的短语并用其适当形式填空。 1. in ruins 2. in the open air 3. make every effort 4. on hand 5. coming to an end 6. cut off 7. in shock 三、根据括号中的汉语提示完成句子。 1. She was having breakfast when 2. too busy to work out 3. do everything that I can do 4. is easy to get along with 5. as if they had been good friends for many years 四、阅读理解 1-4 BDCB 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了经过试验发现，人工智能在地震预测方面很有前景。 1. B（推理判断题）第一段介绍了日本发生的一次地震以及日本多地震的原因，第二段则提出主题，由于人工智能的进步，一些研究人员认为地震很难预测这种情况会有所改变；结合上下文内容可知，本文主要探讨了以人工智能方法为基础的地震预测实验，即本文主要探讨了人工智能应用于地震预测的可行性。由此可知，第一段的作用是引入话题。故选B项。 2. D（细节理解题）根据第二段中的“But given recent improvements in artificial intelligence, some researchers have been studying whether that could change.”可知，人工智能的进步让一些研究人员对地震预测持乐观态度。故选D项。 3. C（细节理解题）根据第三段中的 “In all, the algorithm successfully forecast 14 earthquakes, each within about 200 miles of where it estimated they would happen and at almost exactly the calculated strength，”可知，该算法总共成功预测了14次地震，且结果基本准确，由此可知，人工智能在地震预测方面很有前景。故选C项。 4. B (主旨大意题)，文章第一段引出话题，第二段点明主旨，后文主要说明了经过一项试验，研究人员发现人工智能在地震预测方面大有前途，他们也在利用人工智能来研究如何预测地震。B项（预测地震的帮手——人工智能）最适合作为文章标题。 五、完形填空 1-5BDDBC 6-10BCACA 11-15CBDAD 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一对意志坚定的夫妇朱莉和罗恩退休后住在一所山间的房子里，在一场野火中失去了它，但在社区的支持下重建了它，意识到家庭和社区之间牢不可破的纽带，并希望有新的生活。 1．根据下文“so they always dreamed of retiring in the Colorado mountains”因此他们一直梦想退休后去科罗拉多山区）表明，他们对城市生活的态度是“厌倦的”，才会渴望换环境。故选B项。 2．根据前文“dreamed of retiring in the Colorado mountains”可知，“retiring”（退休）是关键提示，“end their job forever”（永远结束工作）与“退休”语义一致，指停止工作后搬去山区。故选D项。 3．根据下文“A wildfire appeared in the nearby forest”（附近森林发生野火）表明，发生的是“灾难”，“disaster”涵盖“火灾” 这类破坏性事件。故选D项。 4．根据前文已提及“wildfire”（野火），此处“as the fire advanced closer”（火势逼近）符合“大火蔓延、威胁房屋”的逻辑，指代前文的野火。故选B项。 5．根据下文“used their professional equipment”（使用专业设备）和“fought the fire”（灭火）是消防员的典型行为，“firefighters”（消防员）符合语境。故选C项。 6．根据上文“their house was all on fire”（房子全着火了）表明，他们离开是“被迫的”，而非主动选择，“be forced to leave”（被迫离开）符合紧急逃生的场景。故选B项。 7．根据句意以及上文“giving up everything”可知，朱莉和罗恩被迫离开，放弃了他们非常珍视的一切。故选C项。 8．根据前文提到野火，后句“everything was black”（一切都是黑色的）表明树木被“烧毁了”。故选A项。 9．根据下文“College degrees, birth certificate were all gone”（学位证、出生证明都没了）表明，他们“失去了一切”。故选C项。 10．根据下文“College degrees, and birth certificate were all gone”可知，因为出生证明没了，证明身份的证件丢失，导致无法“证明”自己的身份。故选A项。 11．前文讲失去一切，“Nevertheless”（然而）表转折，说明他们选择“继续前进”，而非放弃，“keep moving forward”（继续前行）体现坚韧的态度。故选C项。 12．根据前文提到房子被烧毁，后句“their house”和“worked with the community”（与社区合作）表明，他们在“重建”房子，“rebuild”（重建）符合“恢复家园”的目标。故选B项。 13．根据前句“while material possessions can be lost”（物质财富会丢失）表转折，以及后句“the bonds of family and community are unbreakable”（家庭和社区的联结是牢不可破的），“unbreakable”（牢不可破的）突出情感联结比物质更持久，符合文章主旨。故选D项。 14．根据下文“even when they were completely exhausted, without ever thinking of giving up.”（哪怕是累的筋疲力尽了，也不曾想过放弃）表明，他们“不停地”工作。故选A项。 15．根据下文“Seeing these trees, the couple was sure that life could bloom again”（看到这些树，夫妇确信生活能再次绽放）表明，新种的树象征“希望”，“hope”（希望）呼应“生活重启”的主题。故选D项。 六、语法填空 1. covering 2. rivers 3. them 4. highest 5. to 6. appeared 7. A 8. impressive 9. where 10. and 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国西南地区梵净山的地理范围、气候水文特征，以及作为古老动植物栖息地的重要生态价值，尤其强调了其独特的物种资源。 1.考查现在分词。句意：梵净山地区位于中国西南部，占地40275公顷。本句已有谓语is，空处为非谓语动词，和主语之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填covering。 2.考查名词的数。句意：该地区属于季风气候，是附近甚至更远的地方的重要水源，有一些河流和溪流加入吴江和沅江水系。空处为with的宾语，应用名词river，前面有some修饰，应用复数形式，故填rivers。 3.考查代词。句意：它们都流入长江。空处接在介词of后作宾语，应用宾格，故填them。 4.考查形容词最高级。句意：凤凰山是该地区的最高点，海拔2570米。空处修饰名词point作定语，根据“in the area”，可知这里表示“最高的”，应用形容词最高级，故填highest。 5.考查固定短语。句意：梵净山是一个岩石岛，是许多古代植物和动物的家园，这些植物和动物最早出现在第三纪（6500万到200万年前）。短语be home to，意为“是……的栖息地/家园”，符合句意，故填to。 6.考查时态。句意：同上。空处为谓语，根据后文时间状语“between 65 million and 2 million years ago”（6500 万到 200 万年前），可知动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时，故填appeared。 7.考查固定短语。句意：该地区共发现了3724种古代植物，占中国所有植物的13%，令人印象深刻。短语“a total of”，意为“总计、总共”，符合句意，句首单词首字母大写，故填A。 8.考查形容词。句意：同上。空处修饰数词“13%”，需用形容词作定语。“impress”的形容词形式是“impressive”（令人印象深刻的），故填impressive。 9.考查定语从句。句意：梵净山是世界上唯一的梵净山冷杉和贵州金丝猴生活的地方，还有64种植物和38种动物被认为是全球濒危物种。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“the only place in the world”，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 10.考查连词。句意：同上。本句中“64 types of plants”与“38 types of animals”是并列关系，应用and连接，故填and。 七、写作练习 1. how to protect ourselves 2. gave us some basic and useful instructions 3. the importance of the drill 4. hide under desks 5. Within a minute 6. so that we wouldn’t disturb others 7. for which we were praised by our headmaster 8. In conclusion 9. meaningful and helpful 10. learned some related skills 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Natural Disasters基础知识复习检测 一、单句语法填空 1. The old lady took a deep breath and sat up slowly with great _________(努力). 2. It’s reported that mudslides _________(埋) entire villages. 3. Don’t leave the lights on when you’re away. It wastes _________(电). 4. His bad habits of playing video games have _________(毁灭) his chance of having a bright future. 5. In an _________(紧急情况) or in the event of danger, shut down the machine by pressing the button. 6. _________ (困在) in the ruins, the girl still held a positive attitude. 7. The _________ (long) of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is 55 km and it is the world’s longest cross-sea bridge. 8. He felt too _________ (shock) to move, not believing what had happened. 9. Thousands of rescue workers were sent there to search for the _________ (survive). 10. Our government has taken _________ (effect) measures to ban drunken driving. 二、选用方框中的短语并用其适当形式填空。 in the open air in ruins in shock on hand come to an end cut off make every effort 1. The city was left ____________ as a result of a severe earthquake. 2. Those survivors had to sleep ________________ as the earthquake had destroyed their houses. 3. Bear in mind that you should ________________ to impress the audience when delivering a speech. 4. Give away any food you have ____________, or lock it up and give the key to the neighbors. 5. When he hurried there, the party was nearly ________________, which made him annoyed. 6. After the earthquake, workers were ordered to ________________ the damaged power lines to avoid electric shocks. 7. When the tsunami hit, the villagers stood ________________ as the waves destroyed everything in their path. 三、根据括号中的汉语提示完成句子。 1. ________________________________（她正在吃早饭，这时）water started filling her house. 2. He is always _________________________（太忙没有时间锻炼）in the gym. 3. I determine to ______________________________（做一切我能做的）to help the disabled. 4. Tom _______________________（容易相处）, so I’m sure you will have a happy time together. 5. The two strangers talked ____________________________（好像他们是多年的好朋友一样）. 四、阅读理解 In Japan, the new year began with disaster as a 7.5 magnitude earthquake struck the Noto Peninsula (能登半岛) on the country’s western edge. More than 2,000 active fault lines (断层线) lie beneath Japan, making it one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the world. Many scientists have long considered earthquake forecasting to be impossible. But given recent improvements in artificial intelligence, some researchers have been studying whether that could change. In 2023, researchers at the University of Texas at Austin increased such hopes for earthquake prediction with a seven-month trial in China. In all, the algorithm (算法) successfully forecast 14 earthquakes, each within about 200 miles of where it estimated they would happen and at almost exactly the calculated strength. Meanwhile, it missed one quake and gave eight false warnings. The trial was part of an international AI-design competition, one of a few such events held in recent years to advance earthquake prediction technologies. Sergey Fomel, a geoscientist at UT Austin and a member of the research team, says in a statement, “We’re not yet close to making predictions for anywhere in the world, but what we achieved tells us that what we thought was an impossible problem is solvable in principle.” “Additionally, machine learning could help detect hidden patterns in data or collect more data to better inform earthquake forecasting,” Hutchison writes for MIT Technology Review. For example, some researchers are showing how AI might use recordings of a specific seismic (地震的) site to anticipate an earthquake’s magnitude. One team has built and trained neural networks to predict where aftershocks may occur after an initial strike. And others are using machine learning to identify and extract seismic waves—the vibrations that spread through the earth during tectonic activity (构造活动)—from other noises in the ground. 1. What’s the function of the first paragraph? A. To explain a concept. B. To introduce a topic. C. To present a summary. D. To provide an example. 2. What made some researchers optimistic about earthquake forecasting? A. The recent progress in theories. B. The use of traditional methods. C. The increasing number of earthquakes. D. The advancements in artificial intelligence. 3. What do we know from the third paragraph? A. The trial was conducted by Chinese. B. The algorithm was totally successful. C. AI shows promise for earthquake prediction. D. The AI competition only focused on earthquakes. 4. What is the best title for the passage? A. Japan’s Vulnerability to Earthquakes B. A Helper in Predicting Earthquakes—AI C. The Impossibility of Earthquake Prediction D. International Efforts to Predict Earthquakes 五、完形填空 Julie and Ron are a determined couple. They had grown 1 with the life in the city, so they always dreamed of retiring in the Colorado mountains. As soon as they ended their 2 forever, they bought their dream home, surrounded by a forest. However, just a few weeks after they moved in, 3 struck. A wildfire appeared in the nearby forest, and it was rapidly spreading. The couple got very frightened as the 4 advanced closer. Even though the 5 used their professional equipment, the fire kept going and soon their house was all on fire. Julie and Ron were 6 to leave, giving up everything they had 7 a lot. When they returned, it was the surface of the moon. Trees were 8 and everything was black. “We 9 everything. I couldn’t even 10 who I was after the fire. College degrees, and birth certificate were all gone,” Julie said. Nevertheless, they knew they had to keep 11 . With the support of their community, Julie and Ron began to 12 their house. In the process, Julie and Ron realized that while material possessions can be lost, the bonds of family and community are 13 . Julie and Ron worked 14 , even when they were completely exhausted, without ever thinking of giving up. They also planted new trees, symbolizing (象征) 15 . Seeing these trees, the couple was sure that life could bloom again. 1. A. comfortable B. bored C. satisfied D. familiar 2. A. marriage B. education C. vacation D. job 3. A. fear B. pressure C. disease D. disaster 4. A. creature B. fire C. forest D. crowd 5. A. climbers B. policemen C. firefighters D. villagers 6. A. warned B. forced C. begged D. invited 7. A. ignored B. expected C. valued D. imagined 8. A. burned B. replanted C. cut D. removed 9. A. hated B. forgot C. lost D. repaired 10. A. prove B. admit C. remember D. recognize 11. A. running out B. giving in C. moving forward D. looking out 12. A. remember B. rebuild C. leave D. search 13. A. unreliable B. timely C. replaceable D. unbreakable 14. A. endlessly B. unwillingly C. lazily D. effortlessly 15. A. unity B. dream C. peace D. hope 六、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Fanjingshan Area is in South-West China, 1 (cover) over 40,275 hectares. The area is in a monsoonal (季风的) climate and is an important source of water for the places nearby and even farther away, with some 2 (river) and streams joining the Wujiang and Yuanjiang River systems. And both of 3 (they) run into the Yangtze River. Mt. Fenghuangshan, the 4 (high) point in the area, has a height of 2,570 m above sea level. Fanjingshan is an island of rocks and is home 5 many types of ancient plants and animals which first 6 (appear) in the Tertiary Period (第三纪), between 65 million and 2 million years ago. 7 total of 3,724 types of ancient plants have been found in the area, an 8 (impress) 13% of all the plants in China. Fanjingshan is the only place in the world 9 the Fanjingshan Fir and Guizhou Snub-nosed Monkey live, along with 64 types of plants 10 38 types of animals that are considered as globally endangered. 七、写作练习 （一）文段练笔 根据方框内的写作要求及括号内的汉语提示，将文章补充完整。 假定你是校英语报记者李华，今天你校开展了地震应急疏散演练活动，请你就此次活动写一篇新闻报道，内容包括： 1.活动目的； 2.活动过程； 3.你的感受。 注意： 1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：地震应急疏散演练earthquake emergency evacuation drill To make us students know about 1. （如何保护我们自己）during an earthquake, our school organized an earthquake emergency evacuation drill today. Before the drill started, our teachers 2. （给我们一些基本且实用的指导）on what to do during an earthquake. This helped us understand 3. （这次演练的重要性）. When the alarm rang, teachers guided us to 4. （躲在课桌下面）. 5. （在一分钟内）, all of the students gathered in the playground. We kept quiet 6. （以便我们不会打扰其他人） and gathered there safely in 3 minutes, 7. （为此我们受到了校长的表扬.) 8. （总之）, this drill is really 9. （有意义且有帮助），from which we have 10. （学到一些相关技能） in dealing with emergencies in an earthquake. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $