专题02 阅读理解-【题型易-必考题型】2026-2027学年八年级上册英语第五单元测试题型特训（译林版·南京专用）

考前特训 专题02 阅读理解 第五单元测试题型特训（南京专用） 姓名：___________班级：___________座号：___________ 内容提要 题型分析 解题指导 集中突破 一、题型定位 “阅读理解”是英语考试中分值最高、考查最全面的题型：每篇短文后设 3–5 道选择题，考查学生获取信息、推理判断、猜测词义、归纳主旨的综合能力。阅读理解不只考“读懂了没有”，更考“能不能在有限时间内精准定位、排除干扰”。 二、命题形式与题量 以“短文​＋选择题”的形式呈现，每篇设 3–5 题，每题四选一；本次特训共 7 篇、27 题，正文词数在 136–380 词之间（最短一篇 136 词，最长一篇 380 词）。 题型分布涵盖细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测、主旨大意、句子填空、文章结构等，其中细节理解题占比最高（约 41%），是拿分基础。 三、核心考点分布（基于本次特训 27 题梳理） 通过逐题梳理本次特训的 27 道题，考点集中在以下七类： （1）细节理解题（11 题，约 41%）：直接在原文定位答案，考查快速检索信息的能力。如 Passage 3 题 1 问 Jane 多大，第一段“Jane is a 12-year-old girl”直接给出答案。 （2）推理判断题（4 题，约 15%）：需要结合上下文或全文推断，不能直接抄原句。如 Passage 6 题 5 要从“kindness from humans can win his loyalty”推断白牙对人类善意的回应。 （3）词义猜测题（2 题，约 7%）：根据上下文语境猜测划线词含义。如 Passage 7 题 2 猜“limit”的含义，需结合“human contact”和“better chance of surviving”推断。 （4）主旨大意题（2 题，约 7%）：选出最佳标题或段落大意。如 Passage 4 题 1 问第二段大意，需概括河马的生活习性。 （5）句子填空题（1 题，约 4%）：选出最适合填入文中横线的句子，考查语境衔接。如 Passage 7 题 4 选“Fly strong and live long!”呼应放飞场景。 （6）文章结构题（1 题，约 4%）：分析段落层次关系。如 Passage 5 题 3 要判断文章的段落结构划分。 （7）写作目的题（1 题，约 4%）：判断作者写作意图。如 Passage 4 题 3 问写作目的，需从“share some facts about hippos”推断。 四、难度与趋势 整体难度中等：文章题材贴近生活与自然（动物保护、北极熊生态、湿地保护区、人造象牙等），生词量适中。区分点在于“定位速度”和“干扰项排除”——细节题的干扰项常是“原文有但答非所问”，推理题的干扰项常是“过度推断”。近年南京卷阅读理解呈现三个趋势：一是非连续性文本（海报、图表）增多；二是词义猜测题比重上升；三是推理判断题更注重“有据可依”而非主观臆断。 一、四步解题法 第一步　先读题干，圈关键词。不要先读全文——先看题目问什么（who / what / why / how / NOT true / main idea），把人名、地名、数字、特殊词圈出来，带着问题去读。 第二步　定位原文，找依据句。用题干关键词在原文中快速定位（扫读法），找到相关句子后精读前后两句。细节题的答案往往就是原句的同义改写。 第三步　对比选项，排除干扰。把四个选项逐一定位到原文，逐字比对。干扰项的常见套路：①偷换概念（把 A 的特征安到 B 头上）；②以偏概全（只说了部分）；③过度推断（原文没说、自己加戏）；④正反混淆（把 NOT true 的选项选反了）。 第四步　代入验证，确保通顺。把答案代回题干读一遍，确保语法正确、语意通顺、与原文一致。特别注意 NOT true / EXCEPT 类题目，别选反了。 二、结合本次特训题目的实战点拨 【点拨1】细节理解题——以 Passage 3 题 1 为例：原文写道“Jane is a 12-year-old girl”，直接给出年龄。题目问 Jane 多大（题干 “How old is Jane?”），四个选项中 B（12）与原文一致，故选 B。提醒：细节题先圈题干关键词（how old），再到原文找同义表达（12-year-old = 12），不要凭印象选。 【点拨2】推理判断题——以 Passage 6 题 5 为例：原文写道“Yet he also learned to trust Gray Beaver, who was kind to him sometimes”，白牙最终选择了忠诚。题目问能推断什么（题干 “What can we infer from the passage about White Fang?”），由此可推断“人类的善意能赢得它的忠诚”，故选 B。提醒：推理题要“有据可依”——答案必须是原文信息的合理延伸，不能凭空臆断。 【点拨3】词义猜测题——以 Passage 7 题 2 为例：题干问划线词“limit”的含义。原文写道“We limit human contact (接触) so they have a better chance of surviving”，后文说“减少人类接触”有利于鹰的存活，说明 limit 在此意为“减少”，故选 A（Reduce）。提醒：猜词时先看上下文的因果关系（so / because），再用“代入法”把选项逐一代入看是否通顺。 【点拨4】主旨大意题——以 Passage 7 题 5 为例：原文结尾“She circles overhead, flying higher and higher. She’s beautiful!”描写鹰展翅高飞。题目问最佳标题（题干 “Which is the best title for the text?”），全文围绕救助一只受伤的鹰 Stormy 展开（撞车→救助→送野生动物中心→放飞），核心事件是“救助鹰”，故选 B（Saving a Hawk）。提醒：最佳标题要能覆盖全文主要事件，不能只抓某个细节。 【点拨5】句子填空题——以 Passage 7 题 4 为例：原文写道“She opens and closes her wings. She takes two steps forward and looks around again”，鹰展翅准备高飞。横线处是放飞时“我”说的告别语，需与放飞场景呼应。D（Fly strong and live long!）最贴合，故选 D。提醒：句子填空要看前后句的话题、语气和指代关系，选最“顺”的一句。 【点拨6】段落大意题——以 Passage 4 题 1 为例：题干问第二段主要讲什么。第二段开头说“Usually, in most photos of these huge African animals, we can see them in the water”，接着解释河马每天在水中待 16 小时的原因。整段围绕河马的生活习性展开，故选 C。提醒：段落大意要抓“主题句”（通常在段首或段尾），不要被细节带偏。 【点拨7】写作目的题——以 Passage 4 题 3 为例：原文写道“Hippos may look like big, slow animals, but they can run fast”，落脚点是提醒人们远离河马。全文介绍河马的习性、打斗行为和奔跑速度，写作目的是“share some facts about hippos”，故选 B。提醒：写作目的题要看全文的“落脚点”——科普文=share facts，议论文=argue a point，记叙文=tell a story。 【点拨8】NOT true 题型的反向排除——以 Passage 2 题 3 为例：原文写道“Scientists say that if we don’t take action soon, polar bears may disappear from the earth by the end of this century”，说的是“本世纪末”而非“今年年底”。题目要求选 NOT true（题干含 NOT true），D 选项的时间表述与原文不符，故选 D。提醒：NOT true 题要把三个“正确”的排除掉，剩下那个就是答案；特别注意时间、数量、范围的偷换。 三、易错提醒 先通读全文再做题——阅读理解时间紧，应先读题干再定位原文，不要逐字翻译全文。 看到原文有原词就选——干扰项常“抄原词但答非所问”，必须核对是否真正回答了题干的问题。 推理题过度推断——原文没说的不能“补脑”，推断必须有原文依据（某句话的合理延伸）。 NOT true 题选反了——做题时用笔在“NOT”上画圈提醒自己，逐项核对后再选。 最佳标题选了细节——标题要覆盖全文主要事件/观点，不能只抓某个段落的内容。 Passage 1 Welcome to Zhalong Nature Reserve Zhalong Nature Reserve is one of the most famous wetlands in the world. It is in Heilongjiang Province in northeast China. It is an important home for more than 200 kinds of birds, including red-crowned cranes. What you can do: Watch different kinds of birds from the bird watching towers. Learn about wetland ecosystems and the importance of protecting wildlife. Walk along the boardwalk and enjoy the beautiful natural views. Rules for visitors: Do not feed the birds. Human food is not good for their health. Keep quiet while watching birds. Loud noise may frighten them away. Do not throw rubbish everywhere. Keep the reserve clean. Do not go into the restricted areas. Some places are dangerous for visitors. Opening hours: 7:00 a.m. — 5:00 p.m. every day Ticket price: Adults ¥50; Children under 14 ¥25 1．What is Zhalong Nature Reserve famous for? A．Different kinds of plants. B．All kinds of fish. C．Many kinds of birds. D．Different kinds of foxes. 2．Which of the following is NOT allowed in the reserve? A．Watching birds quietly. B．Feeding birds with human food. C．Walking along the boardwalk. D．Enjoying natural views. 3．How much should a couple with an 11-year-old child pay for the tickets? A．¥75. B．¥100. C．¥125. D．¥150. Passage 2 Polar bears are large, strong animals that live in the Arctic. They have thick white fur that keeps them warm in the cold weather. They are good at swimming and hunting seals on the ice. But now polar bears are in great danger. The biggest problem is climate change. The earth is getting warmer and warmer, so the ice in the Arctic is melting faster and faster. Polar bears need the ice to hunt seals. If there is less ice, they have to swim longer distances to find food. Many polar bears can’t get enough food and become weak. Some even die of hunger. Another problem is pollution. Chemicals from human activities go into the sea and make the sea water dirty. This is bad for polar bears’ health. Scientists say that if we don’t take action soon, polar bears may disappear from the earth by the end of this century. To save polar bears, we need to stop global warming. We can use less energy, drive less and plant more trees. Every small action can help. 1．What is the biggest problem for polar bears? A．Pollution. B．Climate change. C．Hunting. D．Food shortage. 2．Why do polar bears need the ice? A．To sleep on it. B．To hunt seals on it. C．To keep warm on it. D．To play on it. 3．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．Polar bears are good at swimming. B．The Arctic ice is melting faster because of climate change. C．Pollution is also bad for polar bears’ health. D．Polar bears will disappear by the end of this year. 4．What can we do to help save polar bears? A．Use more energy. B．Drive more cars. C．Plant more trees. D．Cut down more trees. Passage 3 Jane is a 12-year-old girl. She is in Grade 7. She has a special hobby—she loves taking care of small animals. Every weekend, she goes to the animal shelter near her home to help. The animal shelter has many homeless animals, like dogs, cats and rabbits. Jane goes there every Saturday morning. She helps feed the animals, clean their houses and play with them. The animals are happy to see her every week. Jane’s favorite animal is a little white cat named Mimi. Mimi was hurt when people found it. Jane takes good care of Mimi every time she goes there. She brings Mimi small fish and talks to her. Now Mimi is getting better and better. Last month, Jane joined an animal protection group at school. She and her classmates tell people to love animals. They also make posters to ask people to help homeless animals. Jane says, “Animals are our friends. We should be kind to them. I want to do more things to help them.” She wants to be an animal doctor when she grows up. Then she can help more sick animals. 1．How old is Jane? A．11. B．12. C．13. D．14. 2．How often does Jane go to the animal shelter? A．Every day. B．Once a week. C．Twice a week. D．Once a month. 3．What is Jane’s favorite animal? A．A dog. B．A rabbit. C．A cat. D．A bird. 4．What does Jane want to be when she grows up? A．A teacher. B．A doctor. C．An animal doctor. D．A policewoman. Passage 4 Hippos are called “river horses”. They are one of the biggest land animals in Africa. Usually, in most photos of these huge African animals, we can see them in the water. The reason is that hippos stay in the water for 16 hours a day to keep themselves cool in hot weather in Africa. They sleep in the water, and their babies are also born there. You may think hippos live only in rivers and lakes, and they are good at swimming. However, they can’t swim. They are just so big that they can walk in the water and stand on the bottom of a lake. They can breathe (呼吸), see and hear when their bodies are under the water because their noses, eyes and ears are on the top of their heads. When the sun goes down, hippos will come out of the water and travel to look for food. It’s easy to think hippos are funny and friendly animals. In fact, they get angry easily and often fight. ________? They fight with lions for land or rivers. They fight to protect their young babies. They also attack (攻击) the boats for their safety if the boats come too close to them. Hippos are very dangerous! Hippos may look like big, slow animals, but they can run fast —about 30 kilometers an hour. That’s faster than a person can run. In a word, if you meet hippos in the wild, just stay away from them! 1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The reason why hippos are dangerous. B．The photos of hippos. C．The living habits of hippos. D．The babies of hippos. 2．Which of the following is the best for “________ ” in Paragraph 3? A．How do hippos fight B．Who do hippos fight with C．Why do hippos fight D．When do hippos fight 3．What’s the purpose (目的) of this passage? A．To show love for hippos. B．To share some facts about hippos. C．To give some suggestions on protecting hippos. D．To tell people to stay away from hippos. Passage 5 The world has done a lot to protect elephants, but many of them are still losing lives for their ivory. At the end of the 1970s, over 1.3 million elephants walked around Africa. But today, there are only 450,000 left. This is mainly because of people’s hunting for ivory. With the need for ivory in markets growing, people keep killing elephants. Now at least 20,000 African elephants die each year. People call ivory “white gold”. Because of its unusual look, people often use it to make expensive things, such as jewellery and works of art. And the ivory material itself is so strong that people can store it for long. That’s why many people are willing to pay high prices for things made of ivory. However, no matter how expensive the ivory is, it’s wrong of humans to kill elephants. So some scientists are working hard on making the same beauty of ivory with no killing. Thaddaeus Rath, from a university in Austria, has created the man-made ivory called “Digory” with his team. The chemical structure of Digory is completely different from that of the natural ivory, but it looks so real that it is hard to tell the difference by eye. Another scientist, Fritz Vollrath from the UK, who is also working to protect elephants, felt excited that Digory could save many elephants from danger. He said, “We still need to do more work to improve Digory so that people around the world will accept Digory and like to buy and use it. And I believe that technology like this will help protect more wildlife.” 1．How does the writer tell us elephants are in danger in Paragraph 1? A．By showing us numbers. B．By introducing Africa. C．By telling us a story. D．By giving an example. 2．Which of the following does Fritz Vollrath agree with? A．Digory will save all the elephants from danger. B．It’s impossible for the world to accept man-made ivory. C．Technology will help support the protection of wildlife. D．Scientists have already found ways to make better Digory. 3．Which is the right structure of the article? A．①②/③④/⑤ B．①②/③④⑤ C．①②③/④/⑤ D．①/②/③④/⑤ Passage 6 White Fang was a wolf-dog, born in the wild cold North. His mother was half wolf, half dog, and his father was a full-blooded wolf. He grew up in the forest, learning to hunt, fight, and survive the cruel snow and ice. The world he knew was hard—only the strong lived, and the weak died. He learned to snarl and bite to protect himself, to run fast to catch food, and to hide from bigger, fiercer animals. One day, White Fang met Gray Beaver, a Native American man. Gray Beaver caught him and took him to the human village. For the first time, White Fang lived with humans. He did not understand their ways, and he hated being tied up. The village dogs bullied him, and he had to fight them every day. He became a fierce fighter, winning every battle, and the dogs soon feared him. Gray Beaver was proud of his strength and kept him close. White Fang learned to obey humans, but his heart was still wild. He loved the forest, the wind, and the freedom of running alone. Yet he also learned to trust Gray Beaver, who was kind to him sometimes, giving him food and a warm place to sleep. Life in the village was different from the wild—there was food every day, but no freedom. White Fang was caught between two worlds: the wild where he was born, and the human world that now held him. As the months passed, White Fang grew bigger and stronger. His yellow eyes were sharp, and his teeth were like knives. All in the village knew him, and all feared him. But he was loyal to Gray Beaver, the first human who had ever shown him a little kindness. He would stand by Gray’s side, snarl at anyone who came near, and protect his master with his life. 1．Where was White Fang born? A．The wild cold North. B．Gray Beaver’s house. C．A southern human village D．A warm forest with animals 2．Why did village dogs fear White Fang? A．He was protected by Gray Beaver. B．He won all fights against them. C．He was the biggest dog in the village D．He ran faster than all other animals 3．Why was White Fang caught between two worlds? A．He hated Gray Beaver but couldn’t escape. B．He loved the wild but also trusted humans. C．He won all fights but was still afraid of dogs D．He had food in the wild but freedom in the village. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．White Fang beat all village dogs. B．White Fang’s hard life in the wild North. C．Gray Beaver caught White Fang for strength. D．White Fang’s life from wild to human village 5．What can we infer from the passage about White Fang? A．He would give up food for endless freedom completely. B．Kindness from humans can win his loyalty though he is wild. C．He never felt happy when he stayed in the human village. D．He wanted to kill Gray Beaver and go back to the forest. Passage 7 “Mom! I’m here!” I run to Mom’s car quickly. The wind takes away my voice. “You made it!” Mom says, but her voice is not happy. She looks into the darkened sky. BLAM! Something hits the car hard. Then I see a big hawk(鹰). “I couldn’t stop in time. That hawk flew right into us.” Mom cries. I reach out and catch the hawk before it can fall to the ground. It’s so soft, so warm. “Is it…? Is it…?…dead?” I ask. The hawk isn’t moving. There’s a knot in my throat, and I can’t speak. “We have to get out of this wind!” Mom says. We arrive home an hour later. I jump out of the car and look at the hawk through the back window. “It’s alive! I saw the head move!” I say. “Let’s name it Stormy.” The next day, the sun is shining, and the sky is blue. I run to check on Stormy. Stormy is against the backseat of the car. One wing is hurt. “Now let’s get Stormy to the wildlife center.” Mom says. After reaching the center, two people carrying a big cage come around the side of the building. “I’m Bev, and this is Alfredo,” the woman says. Bev asks questions about where and when Stormy hit our car. She records Stormy’s information. “OK, let’s get Stormy inside!” I follow close behind. “Sorry, no visitors,” Bev says when they reach the door. “Hawks are wild animals. We limit human contact (接触) so they have a better chance of surviving when we let them go back into the wild.” I feel sad, but I have to do what’s best for Stormy. On the last day before school starts, Alfredo says the center will let Stormy go back into the wild this evening and invites me to watch. I focus my binoculars on the open end of the cage. Stormy sticks her head out, then goes back inside. Five minutes pass before Stormy jumps out. She opens and closes her wings. She takes two steps forward and looks around again. Finally, Stormy flies away! She circles overhead, flying higher and higher. She’s beautiful! “Go, Stormy! ▲ “ I say, waving goodbye. 1．When there’s a knot in my throat, “I” most probably feel ________. A．lighthearted B．overjoyed C．heartbroken D．warmhearted 2．What does the underlined word “limit” mean? A．Reduce. B．Want. C．Increase. D．Dislike. 3．What can we infer from the text? A．The hawk gets lost then hits the car. B．The wildlife center takes good care of the hawk. C．The hawk doesn’t want to leave the cage at first. D．The wildlife center offers to save the hawk in the wild. 4．Which sentence is most suitable for ▲ ? A．Never fly back! B．Please remember me! C．Don’t get hurt! D．Fly strong and live long! 5．Which is the best title for the text? A．Protecting Wildlife B．Saving a Hawk C．A Wildlife Centre D．A Friendly Family 18 / 18乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $考前特训 专题02 阅读理解 第五单元测试题型特训（南京专用） 姓名：___________班级：___________座号：___________ 内容提要 题型分析 解题指导 集中突破 一、题型定位 “阅读理解”是英语考试中分值最高、考查最全面的题型：每篇短文后设 3–5 道选择题，考查学生获取信息、推理判断、猜测词义、归纳主旨的综合能力。阅读理解不只考“读懂了没有”，更考“能不能在有限时间内精准定位、排除干扰”。 二、命题形式与题量 以“短文​＋选择题”的形式呈现，每篇设 3–5 题，每题四选一；本次特训共 7 篇、27 题，正文词数在 136–380 词之间（最短一篇 136 词，最长一篇 380 词）。 题型分布涵盖细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测、主旨大意、句子填空、文章结构等，其中细节理解题占比最高（约 41%），是拿分基础。 三、核心考点分布（基于本次特训 27 题梳理） 通过逐题梳理本次特训的 27 道题，考点集中在以下七类： （1）细节理解题（11 题，约 41%）：直接在原文定位答案，考查快速检索信息的能力。如 Passage 3 题 1 问 Jane 多大，第一段“Jane is a 12-year-old girl”直接给出答案。 （2）推理判断题（4 题，约 15%）：需要结合上下文或全文推断，不能直接抄原句。如 Passage 6 题 5 要从“kindness from humans can win his loyalty”推断白牙对人类善意的回应。 （3）词义猜测题（2 题，约 7%）：根据上下文语境猜测划线词含义。如 Passage 7 题 2 猜“limit”的含义，需结合“human contact”和“better chance of surviving”推断。 （4）主旨大意题（2 题，约 7%）：选出最佳标题或段落大意。如 Passage 4 题 1 问第二段大意，需概括河马的生活习性。 （5）句子填空题（1 题，约 4%）：选出最适合填入文中横线的句子，考查语境衔接。如 Passage 7 题 4 选“Fly strong and live long!”呼应放飞场景。 （6）文章结构题（1 题，约 4%）：分析段落层次关系。如 Passage 5 题 3 要判断文章的段落结构划分。 （7）写作目的题（1 题，约 4%）：判断作者写作意图。如 Passage 4 题 3 问写作目的，需从“share some facts about hippos”推断。 四、难度与趋势 整体难度中等：文章题材贴近生活与自然（动物保护、北极熊生态、湿地保护区、人造象牙等），生词量适中。区分点在于“定位速度”和“干扰项排除”——细节题的干扰项常是“原文有但答非所问”，推理题的干扰项常是“过度推断”。近年南京卷阅读理解呈现三个趋势：一是非连续性文本（海报、图表）增多；二是词义猜测题比重上升；三是推理判断题更注重“有据可依”而非主观臆断。 一、四步解题法 第一步　先读题干，圈关键词。不要先读全文——先看题目问什么（who / what / why / how / NOT true / main idea），把人名、地名、数字、特殊词圈出来，带着问题去读。 第二步　定位原文，找依据句。用题干关键词在原文中快速定位（扫读法），找到相关句子后精读前后两句。细节题的答案往往就是原句的同义改写。 第三步　对比选项，排除干扰。把四个选项逐一定位到原文，逐字比对。干扰项的常见套路：①偷换概念（把 A 的特征安到 B 头上）；②以偏概全（只说了部分）；③过度推断（原文没说、自己加戏）；④正反混淆（把 NOT true 的选项选反了）。 第四步　代入验证，确保通顺。把答案代回题干读一遍，确保语法正确、语意通顺、与原文一致。特别注意 NOT true / EXCEPT 类题目，别选反了。 二、结合本次特训题目的实战点拨 【点拨1】细节理解题——以 Passage 3 题 1 为例：原文写道“Jane is a 12-year-old girl”，直接给出年龄。题目问 Jane 多大（题干 “How old is Jane?”），四个选项中 B（12）与原文一致，故选 B。提醒：细节题先圈题干关键词（how old），再到原文找同义表达（12-year-old = 12），不要凭印象选。 【点拨2】推理判断题——以 Passage 6 题 5 为例：原文写道“Yet he also learned to trust Gray Beaver, who was kind to him sometimes”，白牙最终选择了忠诚。题目问能推断什么（题干 “What can we infer from the passage about White Fang?”），由此可推断“人类的善意能赢得它的忠诚”，故选 B。提醒：推理题要“有据可依”——答案必须是原文信息的合理延伸，不能凭空臆断。 【点拨3】词义猜测题——以 Passage 7 题 2 为例：题干问划线词“limit”的含义。原文写道“We limit human contact (接触) so they have a better chance of surviving”，后文说“减少人类接触”有利于鹰的存活，说明 limit 在此意为“减少”，故选 A（Reduce）。提醒：猜词时先看上下文的因果关系（so / because），再用“代入法”把选项逐一代入看是否通顺。 【点拨4】主旨大意题——以 Passage 7 题 5 为例：原文结尾“She circles overhead, flying higher and higher. She’s beautiful!”描写鹰展翅高飞。题目问最佳标题（题干 “Which is the best title for the text?”），全文围绕救助一只受伤的鹰 Stormy 展开（撞车→救助→送野生动物中心→放飞），核心事件是“救助鹰”，故选 B（Saving a Hawk）。提醒：最佳标题要能覆盖全文主要事件，不能只抓某个细节。 【点拨5】句子填空题——以 Passage 7 题 4 为例：原文写道“She opens and closes her wings. She takes two steps forward and looks around again”，鹰展翅准备高飞。横线处是放飞时“我”说的告别语，需与放飞场景呼应。D（Fly strong and live long!）最贴合，故选 D。提醒：句子填空要看前后句的话题、语气和指代关系，选最“顺”的一句。 【点拨6】段落大意题——以 Passage 4 题 1 为例：题干问第二段主要讲什么。第二段开头说“Usually, in most photos of these huge African animals, we can see them in the water”，接着解释河马每天在水中待 16 小时的原因。整段围绕河马的生活习性展开，故选 C。提醒：段落大意要抓“主题句”（通常在段首或段尾），不要被细节带偏。 【点拨7】写作目的题——以 Passage 4 题 3 为例：原文四段依次介绍河马的总体特征、生活习性、爱打斗的原因和奔跑速度，如“they can’t swim”，通篇都在客观介绍关于河马的事实，故写作目的是“分享事实”，选 B。D 的依据只是末段最后一句“just stay away from them!”，是收尾的一条建议，覆盖不了前文大篇幅的事实介绍，不能当主旨。提醒：写作目的题看全文在讲什么，不能只看尾句。 【点拨8】NOT true 题型的反向排除——以 Passage 2 题 3 为例：原文写道“Scientists say that if we don’t take action soon, polar bears may disappear from the earth by the end of this century”，说的是“本世纪末”而非“今年年底”。题目要求选 NOT true（题干含 NOT true），D 选项的时间表述与原文不符，故选 D。提醒：NOT true 题要把三个“正确”的排除掉，剩下那个就是答案；特别注意时间、数量、范围的偷换。 三、易错提醒 先通读全文再做题——阅读理解时间紧，应先读题干再定位原文，不要逐字翻译全文。 看到原文有原词就选——干扰项常“抄原词但答非所问”，必须核对是否真正回答了题干的问题。 推理题过度推断——原文没说的不能“补脑”，推断必须有原文依据（某句话的合理延伸）。 NOT true 题选反了——做题时用笔在“NOT”上画圈提醒自己，逐项核对后再选。 最佳标题选了细节——标题要覆盖全文主要事件/观点，不能只抓某个段落的内容。 Passage 1 Welcome to Zhalong Nature Reserve Zhalong Nature Reserve is one of the most famous wetlands in the world. It is in Heilongjiang Province in northeast China. It is an important home for more than 200 kinds of birds, including red-crowned cranes. What you can do: Watch different kinds of birds from the bird watching towers. Learn about wetland ecosystems and the importance of protecting wildlife. Walk along the boardwalk and enjoy the beautiful natural views. Rules for visitors: Do not feed the birds. Human food is not good for their health. Keep quiet while watching birds. Loud noise may frighten them away. Do not throw rubbish everywhere. Keep the reserve clean. Do not go into the restricted areas. Some places are dangerous for visitors. Opening hours: 7:00 a.m. — 5:00 p.m. every day Ticket price: Adults ¥50; Children under 14 ¥25 1．What is Zhalong Nature Reserve famous for? A．Different kinds of plants. B．All kinds of fish. C．Many kinds of birds. D．Different kinds of foxes. 2．Which of the following is NOT allowed in the reserve? A．Watching birds quietly. B．Feeding birds with human food. C．Walking along the boardwalk. D．Enjoying natural views. 3．How much should a couple with an 11-year-old child pay for the tickets? A．¥75. B．¥100. C．¥125. D．¥150. 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇海报类应用文，介绍扎龙自然保护区的相关信息，包含保护区简介、可参与活动、游客规则以及票价信息。 【详解】1．根据第一段“Zhalong Nature Reserve is one of the most famous wetlands in the world...It is an important home for more than 200 kinds of birds”可知，扎龙自然保护区是200多种鸟类重要的栖息地，它因多种鸟类闻名。 2．根据Rules for visitors部分“Do not feed the birds. Human food is not good for their health.”可知，游客不可以用人类的食物投喂鸟类。 3．根据Ticket price部分“Adults ¥50; Children under 14 ¥25”可知，一对成人票价合计100元，一名11岁儿童票价25元，总票价为125元。 Passage 2 Polar bears are large, strong animals that live in the Arctic. They have thick white fur that keeps them warm in the cold weather. They are good at swimming and hunting seals on the ice. But now polar bears are in great danger. The biggest problem is climate change. The earth is getting warmer and warmer, so the ice in the Arctic is melting faster and faster. Polar bears need the ice to hunt seals. If there is less ice, they have to swim longer distances to find food. Many polar bears can’t get enough food and become weak. Some even die of hunger. Another problem is pollution. Chemicals from human activities go into the sea and make the sea water dirty. This is bad for polar bears’ health. Scientists say that if we don’t take action soon, polar bears may disappear from the earth by the end of this century. To save polar bears, we need to stop global warming. We can use less energy, drive less and plant more trees. Every small action can help. 1．What is the biggest problem for polar bears? A．Pollution. B．Climate change. C．Hunting. D．Food shortage. 2．Why do polar bears need the ice? A．To sleep on it. B．To hunt seals on it. C．To keep warm on it. D．To play on it. 3．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．Polar bears are good at swimming. B．The Arctic ice is melting faster because of climate change. C．Pollution is also bad for polar bears’ health. D．Polar bears will disappear by the end of this year. 4．What can we do to help save polar bears? A．Use more energy. B．Drive more cars. C．Plant more trees. D．Cut down more trees. 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了北极熊的生存现状，气候变化和污染严重威胁北极熊的生存，文章同时介绍了我们可以采取哪些行动来保护北极熊。 【详解】1．根据第二段中“But now polar bears are in great danger. The biggest problem is climate change.”，直接点明北极熊面临的最大问题是气候变化。 2．根据第二段中“Polar bears need the ice to hunt seals.”，说明北极熊需要冰面来捕猎海豹。 3．根据第四段中“Scientists say that if we don’t take action soon, polar bears may disappear from the earth by the end of this century.”，是本世纪末，而不是今年年底，D选项表述错误。 4．根据第四段中“We can use less energy, drive less and plant more trees.”，多种树是保护北极熊的办法。 Passage 3 Jane is a 12-year-old girl. She is in Grade 7. She has a special hobby—she loves taking care of small animals. Every weekend, she goes to the animal shelter near her home to help. The animal shelter has many homeless animals, like dogs, cats and rabbits. Jane goes there every Saturday morning. She helps feed the animals, clean their houses and play with them. The animals are happy to see her every week. Jane’s favorite animal is a little white cat named Mimi. Mimi was hurt when people found it. Jane takes good care of Mimi every time she goes there. She brings Mimi small fish and talks to her. Now Mimi is getting better and better. Last month, Jane joined an animal protection group at school. She and her classmates tell people to love animals. They also make posters to ask people to help homeless animals. Jane says, “Animals are our friends. We should be kind to them. I want to do more things to help them.” She wants to be an animal doctor when she grows up. Then she can help more sick animals. 1．How old is Jane? A．11. B．12. C．13. D．14. 2．How often does Jane go to the animal shelter? A．Every day. B．Once a week. C．Twice a week. D．Once a month. 3．What is Jane’s favorite animal? A．A dog. B．A rabbit. C．A cat. D．A bird. 4．What does Jane want to be when she grows up? A．A teacher. B．A doctor. C．An animal doctor. D．A policewoman. 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文讲述了七年级女孩简热爱小动物，每周去动物收容所帮忙照顾流浪动物，还加入学校的动物保护小组，未来梦想成为一名兽医的故事。 【详解】1．第一段指出“Jane is a 12-year-old girl.”，Jane12岁。 2．第二段指出“Jane goes there every Saturday morning.”，Jane每周六早上去收容所，也就是一周一次。 3．第三段指出“Jane’s favorite animal is a little white cat named Mimi.”，Jane最喜欢的动物是一只猫。 4．最后一段指出“She wants to be an animal doctor when she grows up.”，Jane长大后想成为一名动物医生。 Passage 4 Hippos are called “river horses”. They are one of the biggest land animals in Africa. Usually, in most photos of these huge African animals, we can see them in the water. The reason is that hippos stay in the water for 16 hours a day to keep themselves cool in hot weather in Africa. They sleep in the water, and their babies are also born there. You may think hippos live only in rivers and lakes, and they are good at swimming. However, they can’t swim. They are just so big that they can walk in the water and stand on the bottom of a lake. They can breathe (呼吸), see and hear when their bodies are under the water because their noses, eyes and ears are on the top of their heads. When the sun goes down, hippos will come out of the water and travel to look for food. It’s easy to think hippos are funny and friendly animals. In fact, they get angry easily and often fight. ________? They fight with lions for land or rivers. They fight to protect their young babies. They also attack (攻击) the boats for their safety if the boats come too close to them. Hippos are very dangerous! Hippos may look like big, slow animals, but they can run fast —about 30 kilometers an hour. That’s faster than a person can run. In a word, if you meet hippos in the wild, just stay away from them! 1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The reason why hippos are dangerous. B．The photos of hippos. C．The living habits of hippos. D．The babies of hippos. 2．Which of the following is the best for “________ ” in Paragraph 3? A．How do hippos fight B．Who do hippos fight with C．Why do hippos fight D．When do hippos fight 3．What’s the purpose (目的) of this passage? A．To show love for hippos. B．To share some facts about hippos. C．To give some suggestions on protecting hippos. D．To tell people to stay away from hippos. 【答案】 1．C 2．C 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了河马的生活习性、打斗行为与奔跑速度，告诉我们河马外表温和实则十分危险。 【详解】1．根据第二段中的“Usually, in most photos of these huge African animals, we can see them in the water…They sleep in the water, and their babies are also born there.…they can’t swim…They can breathe (呼吸), see and hear when their bodies are under the water…When the sun goes down, hippos will come out of the water and travel to look for food.”可知，第二段主要介绍了河马一天待在水里16小时、在水里睡觉、幼崽出生在水里、不会游泳、太阳下山后上岸觅食。这些都属于河马的生活习性。 2．空前“It’s easy to think hippos are funny and friendly animals. In fact, they get angry easily and often fight.”提到河马很容易生气，经常打架；空后“They fight with lions for land or rivers. They fight to protect their young babies. They also attack (攻击) the boats for their safety if the boats come too close to them.”解释了它们打架的原因，因此，此处应填入why引导的特殊疑问句“Why do hippos fight”，询问河马为什么打架。 3．通读全文，根据各段分别介绍河马的总体特征、生活习惯、打斗、奔跑速度等，是在分享关于河马的事实知识。 Passage 5 The world has done a lot to protect elephants, but many of them are still losing lives for their ivory. At the end of the 1970s, over 1.3 million elephants walked around Africa. But today, there are only 450,000 left. This is mainly because of people’s hunting for ivory. With the need for ivory in markets growing, people keep killing elephants. Now at least 20,000 African elephants die each year. People call ivory “white gold”. Because of its unusual look, people often use it to make expensive things, such as jewellery and works of art. And the ivory material itself is so strong that people can store it for long. That’s why many people are willing to pay high prices for things made of ivory. However, no matter how expensive the ivory is, it’s wrong of humans to kill elephants. So some scientists are working hard on making the same beauty of ivory with no killing. Thaddaeus Rath, from a university in Austria, has created the man-made ivory called “Digory” with his team. The chemical structure of Digory is completely different from that of the natural ivory, but it looks so real that it is hard to tell the difference by eye. Another scientist, Fritz Vollrath from the UK, who is also working to protect elephants, felt excited that Digory could save many elephants from danger. He said, “We still need to do more work to improve Digory so that people around the world will accept Digory and like to buy and use it. And I believe that technology like this will help protect more wildlife.” 1．How does the writer tell us elephants are in danger in Paragraph 1? A．By showing us numbers. B．By introducing Africa. C．By telling us a story. D．By giving an example. 2．Which of the following does Fritz Vollrath agree with? A．Digory will save all the elephants from danger. B．It’s impossible for the world to accept man-made ivory. C．Technology will help support the protection of wildlife. D．Scientists have already found ways to make better Digory. 3．Which is the right structure of the article? A．①②/③④/⑤ B．①②/③④⑤ C．①②③/④/⑤ D．①/②/③④/⑤ 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了非洲象因象牙贸易而濒临灭绝的现状，以及科学家研发人造象牙来保护大象的尝试，体现了科技对野生动物保护的助力作用。 【详解】1．第一段提到“At the end of the 1970s, over...are only 450,000 left.”，可知，作者通过列数字的方式告诉我们大象处于危险之中。 2．最后一段指出“And I believe that technology like this will help protect more wildlife.”，可知，Fritz Vollrath认同科技将会助力野生动物保护。 3．第一段介绍非洲大象因象牙被猎杀，数量锐减，点明大象的生存危机；第二段介绍象牙被叫做“白色黄金”，介绍象牙的用途与高昂价值；第三、四段围绕人造象牙展开，介绍研发人造象牙的背景以及Digory的特点；第五段引用科学家的话，展望这项技术保护野生动物的作用。可知文章结构为①/②/③④/⑤。 Passage 6 White Fang was a wolf-dog, born in the wild cold North. His mother was half wolf, half dog, and his father was a full-blooded wolf. He grew up in the forest, learning to hunt, fight, and survive the cruel snow and ice. The world he knew was hard—only the strong lived, and the weak died. He learned to snarl and bite to protect himself, to run fast to catch food, and to hide from bigger, fiercer animals. One day, White Fang met Gray Beaver, a Native American man. Gray Beaver caught him and took him to the human village. For the first time, White Fang lived with humans. He did not understand their ways, and he hated being tied up. The village dogs bullied him, and he had to fight them every day. He became a fierce fighter, winning every battle, and the dogs soon feared him. Gray Beaver was proud of his strength and kept him close. White Fang learned to obey humans, but his heart was still wild. He loved the forest, the wind, and the freedom of running alone. Yet he also learned to trust Gray Beaver, who was kind to him sometimes, giving him food and a warm place to sleep. Life in the village was different from the wild—there was food every day, but no freedom. White Fang was caught between two worlds: the wild where he was born, and the human world that now held him. As the months passed, White Fang grew bigger and stronger. His yellow eyes were sharp, and his teeth were like knives. All in the village knew him, and all feared him. But he was loyal to Gray Beaver, the first human who had ever shown him a little kindness. He would stand by Gray’s side, snarl at anyone who came near, and protect his master with his life. 1．Where was White Fang born? A．The wild cold North. B．Gray Beaver’s house. C．A southern human village D．A warm forest with animals 2．Why did village dogs fear White Fang? A．He was protected by Gray Beaver. B．He won all fights against them. C．He was the biggest dog in the village D．He ran faster than all other animals 3．Why was White Fang caught between two worlds? A．He hated Gray Beaver but couldn’t escape. B．He loved the wild but also trusted humans. C．He won all fights but was still afraid of dogs D．He had food in the wild but freedom in the village. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．White Fang beat all village dogs. B．White Fang’s hard life in the wild North. C．Gray Beaver caught White Fang for strength. D．White Fang’s life from wild to human village 5．What can we infer from the passage about White Fang? A．He would give up food for endless freedom completely. B．Kindness from humans can win his loyalty though he is wild. C．He never felt happy when he stayed in the human village. D．He wanted to kill Gray Beaver and go back to the forest. 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了狼犬白牙从荒野出生到被人类收养，在野性与忠诚之间挣扎并最终忠于主人的故事。 【详解】1．根据第一段“White Fang was a wolf-dog, born in the wild cold North.”可推知，白牙出生在寒冷的北方荒野。 2．根据第二段“He became a fierce fighter, winning every battle, and the dogs soon feared him.”可推知，因为它赢得了所有战斗，所以村里的狗都害怕它。 3．根据第三段“He loved the forest, the wind, and the freedom... Yet he also learned to trust Gray Beaver... White Fang was caught between two worlds...”可推知，它既热爱荒野又信任人类，因此被困在两个世界之间。 4．全文贯穿白牙从荒野到村庄的经历，“White Fang’s life from wild to human village”概括了从野生到人类村庄的生活转变这一核心内容。 5．根据第四段“But he was loyal to Gray Beaver, the first human who had ever shown him a little kindness.”可推知，尽管它本性狂野，但人类的善意赢得了它的忠诚。 Passage 7 “Mom! I’m here!” I run to Mom’s car quickly. The wind takes away my voice. “You made it!” Mom says, but her voice is not happy. She looks into the darkened sky. BLAM! Something hits the car hard. Then I see a big hawk(鹰). “I couldn’t stop in time. That hawk flew right into us.” Mom cries. I reach out and catch the hawk before it can fall to the ground. It’s so soft, so warm. “Is it…? Is it…?…dead?” I ask. The hawk isn’t moving. There’s a knot in my throat, and I can’t speak. “We have to get out of this wind!” Mom says. We arrive home an hour later. I jump out of the car and look at the hawk through the back window. “It’s alive! I saw the head move!” I say. “Let’s name it Stormy.” The next day, the sun is shining, and the sky is blue. I run to check on Stormy. Stormy is against the backseat of the car. One wing is hurt. “Now let’s get Stormy to the wildlife center.” Mom says. After reaching the center, two people carrying a big cage come around the side of the building. “I’m Bev, and this is Alfredo,” the woman says. Bev asks questions about where and when Stormy hit our car. She records Stormy’s information. “OK, let’s get Stormy inside!” I follow close behind. “Sorry, no visitors,” Bev says when they reach the door. “Hawks are wild animals. We limit human contact (接触) so they have a better chance of surviving when we let them go back into the wild.” I feel sad, but I have to do what’s best for Stormy. On the last day before school starts, Alfredo says the center will let Stormy go back into the wild this evening and invites me to watch. I focus my binoculars on the open end of the cage. Stormy sticks her head out, then goes back inside. Five minutes pass before Stormy jumps out. She opens and closes her wings. She takes two steps forward and looks around again. Finally, Stormy flies away! She circles overhead, flying higher and higher. She’s beautiful! “Go, Stormy! ▲ “ I say, waving goodbye. 1．When there’s a knot in my throat, “I” most probably feel ________. A．lighthearted B．overjoyed C．heartbroken D．warmhearted 2．What does the underlined word “limit” mean? A．Reduce. B．Want. C．Increase. D．Dislike. 3．What can we infer from the text? A．The hawk gets lost then hits the car. B．The wildlife center takes good care of the hawk. C．The hawk doesn’t want to leave the cage at first. D．The wildlife center offers to save the hawk in the wild. 4．Which sentence is most suitable for ▲ ? A．Never fly back! B．Please remember me! C．Don’t get hurt! D．Fly strong and live long! 5．Which is the best title for the text? A．Protecting Wildlife B．Saving a Hawk C．A Wildlife Centre D．A Friendly Family 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述作者救助受伤雄鹰，送它到野生动物中心，最后目送雄鹰重返野外的故事，体现对野生动物的爱护。 【详解】1．根据第六段“The hawk isn’t moving... There’s a knot in my throat, and I can’t speak.”可知，作者以为鹰死了，喉咙哽咽说不出话，这是一种难过、悲伤的反应。C项“heartbroken（心碎/难过）”最符合当时担心鹰死亡的心情。 2．根据第十段“We limit human contact... so they have a better chance of surviving when we let them go back into the wild.”可知，为了让鹰回归野外后更好地生存，需要减少它与人类的接触。limit 意为“限制”，与A项 Reduce（减少）意思相近，符合文意。 3．根据文章后半部分，野生动物中心记录了鹰的信息，限制了人类接触以利于其生存，最终鹰伤愈放飞（“One wing is hurt”到“Finally, Stormy flies away”），这说明中心照顾得很好。B项符合语境。 4．根据最后一段语境，作者看着鹰越飞越高，挥手告别，此时应是表达美好的祝愿。D项“飞得强壮，活得长久！”是积极且合适的祝福，符合文章保护野生动物的主题。 5．文章主要讲述了“我”和妈妈救助一只受伤的鹰（Stormy），将其送往野生动物中心，最后成功放归野外的故事。B项“拯救一只鹰”最能概括全文主旨。 18 / 18乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $