专题03 阅读理解-【题型易-必考题型精练】2026-2027学年沪教版英语七年级上册（广州专用）

考前特训 专题03 阅读理解 期中考满分冲刺（广州专用） 姓名：___________班级：___________座号：___________ 内容提要 题型分析 解题指导 集中突破 一、题型定位 阅读理解是广州卷分值最高的题型，考查获取信息、推理判断、揣摩词义与概括主旨的综合能力。七年级上册的阅读呈现“短、浅、细节多”三个特点：八篇平均两百词出头，四道题里通常有三道能靠原文定位直接答出，只有最后一题（标题、结构或句子还原）需要统揽全文。另有一层容易被忽视的难点——本卷有两篇是**表格型语篇**（四个孩子的自我介绍表、四则旅行广告），信息分散在行列之间，读表格的能力本身就是考点。 本次特训共收录 8 篇短文、30 道小题，体裁含记叙文、说明文、应用文（表格与广告）与科普文，话题包括四个人谈自己的收藏、四个国家孩子的自我介绍（表格）、七个人喜欢的学科、四则旅行广告（表格）、北京的四季、树叶为什么会变色、四天工作周的试验、长城暗门展览，与沪教版七年级上册 Unit 1 Making friends、Unit 2 Daily life、Unit 3 The Earth、Unit 4 Seasons、Unit 6 Travelling around Asia、Unit 8 Collecting things 的主题紧密呼应。 二、命题特点 （1）表格型语篇要“横向比行、纵向比列”：Passage 3 题 5 问谁喜欢看电视，须在 Mike / Jordan / Jane / Ricky 四行里逐一核对；Passage 4 题 11 问“两位大人 + 两个孩子”的费用，须按 Trip 2 的 550×2 + 350×2 算出 1,800。 （2）细节题多为“同义转述”而非原文照抄：Passage 5 题 1 的原文是 the milk tea cups can be cool and useful collections，选项转述为 Milk tea cups；Passage 1 题 9 的 It’s about people, not things 则原样入选项，两者都要能对上。 （3）否定细节题必有一道，且陷阱都藏在“主体替换”：Passage 4 题 13 问 Trip 3 哪项不对，原文说夜间能看的是**植物**，选项 B 换成“动物”；Passage 2 题 28 问暗门哪项不对，原文说藏在偏僻处，选项说在开阔地。 （4）指代题只看上一句：Passage 8 题 20 的 They 指前一句的 the trees、Passage 7 题 25 的 they 指第三段的 the meetings，离得远的名词一律不选。 （5）结构与标题题放最后做：Passage 8 题 21 要求判断全文为“①/②③④⑤/⑥”（总—分—总），Passage 2 题 30 要把 The Great Wall is not just a ‘wall’ 还原到段中，两题都必须先读完末段才动笔。 三、核心考点分布（基于本次特训 30 题梳理） （1）细节理解（18 题，含 2 道否定细节）：占六成，考查原文信息的定位与同义转述识别；否定细节分别落在题 13 与题 28。 （2）推理判断（6 题）：题 3、4、12、14、17、29，多问“文章来源”“作者意图”或“按原文情境会发生什么”。 （3）词义与指代猜测（2 题）：题 20、题 25，画线词均为代词 They/they，须回读上一句。 （4）标题与主旨归纳（2 题）：题 18、题 22，须统揽全文后再比选项的“覆盖面”。 （5）篇章结构与句子还原（2 题）：题 21 以四幅结构图充当选项、题 30 需在段中还原一句总结句，是全卷最难的两题。 （6）表格型语篇两篇：Passage 3（四个孩子的自我介绍表）与 Passage 4（四则旅行广告），信息分散在行列之间，读表能力本身就是考点。 一、四步解题法 第一步：先读题干、圈关键词（人名、数字、大写词、专有名词），再带着问题读文。 第二步：回原文精确定位，把题干关键词与原文句逐个对齐，划出依据句。 第三步：将四个选项逐一与依据句比对，重点看“范围词”（all/some/most）与“程度词”（must/may）。 第四步：主旨题、标题题与结构题最后做，用“是否覆盖全文”而非“是否说得对”来筛选。 二、结合本次特训题目的实战点拨 【点拨1】细节理解——以 Passage 1 题 1 为例：原文写道“John: I love science subjects, especially Physics.”。该题考查从原文直接提取信息，须将选项与原文句段逐一比对，据此可确定答案为 B。 【点拨2】细节理解——以 Passage 2 题 2 为例：原文写道“The secret doors found are small ones opened in hidden parts of the Gre…”。该题考查从原文直接提取信息，须将选项与原文句段逐一比对，据此可确定答案为 B。 【点拨3】细节理解——以 Passage 2 题 3 为例：原文写道“Those doors hide the secrets of the Great Wall, and the wisdom of peopl…”。该题考查从原文直接提取信息，须将选项与原文句段逐一比对，据此可确定答案为 C。 【点拨4】细节理解——以 Passage 5 题 1 为例：原文写道“However, the milk tea cups can be cool and useful collections.”。该题考查从原文直接提取信息，须将选项与原文句段逐一比对，据此可确定答案为 D。 【点拨5】细节理解——以 Passage 6 题 1 为例：原文写道“There are four seasons in Beijing, the capital of China—short windy spr…”。该题考查从原文直接提取信息，须将选项与原文句段逐一比对，据此可确定答案为 A。 【点拨6】细节理解——以 Passage 7 题 2 为例：原文写道“In return, they asked their workers to try to do as much in four days a…”。该题考查从原文直接提取信息，须将选项与原文句段逐一比对，据此可确定答案为 D。 【点拨7】词义猜测——以 Passage 7 题 3 为例：原文写道“During the test, some companies cut meetings or made sure they were sho…”。该题要求根据上下文语境或构词法推断生词含义，据此可确定答案为 C。 【点拨8】标题归纳——以 Passage 8 题 4 为例：原文写道“Why are the leaves on trees different in colors?”。该题要求为文章选择最贴切的标题，须统揽全文主旨，据此可确定答案为 A。 三、易错提醒 • 忌“用常识代替原文”：越是熟悉的话题（四季、树叶、长城），越容易凭背景知识选错。 • 忌“偷换概念”：把 Trip 3 的“看植物”记成“看动物”，是应用文最常见的干扰手法。 • 忌“过度推断”：原文说 may，选项说 will certainly，即越界。 • 忌“跳过表格读文字”：Passage 3、Passage 4 的答案依据全在表格里，只读题不看表必然选错。 Passage 1 Lena: I like science subjects because they help me understand the world. It’s interesting to learn about different chemicals in our bodies and in nature. Solving problems is fun too. Joseph: I love Chemistry. It’s really exciting to do experiments, and it is also useful in daily life. George: I like subjects like Maths and Biology. I enjoy learning English too. I want to be a doctor when I grow up, so I always study hard. Elaine: I love English. In subjects like Maths, there’s only one correct answer. English is about understanding different ideas and cultures. John: I love science subjects, especially Physics. It’s not an easy subject to study, but I like a challenge! Liz: I like studying languages. It’s about people, not things, and I find it easy to learn new words. James: Drama is my favourite subject, and I love acting because it lets me express myself. I want to be an actor. 1．Which subject does John find interesting? A．Chemistry. B．Physics. C．English. D．Maths. 2．Who enjoys studying English? A．Lena, Elaine and James. B．Joseph, John and James. C．George, Elaine and Liz. D．Elaine, James and Liz. 3．Why does Liz enjoy studying different languages? A．It’s not boring. B．It’s about people, not things. C．It’s relaxing. D．It is useful in daily life. 4．According to Elaine, what is the difference between English and Maths? A．In English, there is usually more than one answer. B．Maths is about understanding different ideas. C．English is about understanding nature. D．English lets her express herself. 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Lena、Joseph、George、Elaine、John、Liz和James等人分别阐述了自己喜欢的学科以及喜欢的原因。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据“John: I love science subjects, especially Physics. It’s not an easy subject to study, but I like a challenge!”可知，John觉得Physics很有趣，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“George: I like subjects like Maths and Biology. I enjoy learning English too.”以及“Elaine: I love English. In subjects like Maths, there’s only one correct answer. English is about understanding different ideas and cultures.”和“Liz: I like studying languages. It’s about people, not things, and I find it easy to learn new words.”可知，George、Elaine和Liz喜欢学习英语，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Liz: I like studying languages. It’s about people, not things, and I find it easy to learn new words.”可知，Liz喜欢学习不同的语言是因为它是关于人的，而不是事物，故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Elaine: I love English. In subjects like Maths, there’s only one correct answer. English is about understanding different ideas and cultures.”可知，Elaine认为在英语中，通常有不止一个答案，而在数学中只有一个正确答案，故选A。 Passage 2 Recently, a new exhibition about the Great Wall showed us more secrets of the great wonder: its hidden doors. This is the first exhibition showing unknown information about the hidden doors. The project was started by the Tianjin University research team in 2018, studying 5,500 kilometers of the Great Wall. The secret doors found are small ones opened in hidden parts of the Great Wall. With the support of maps and modern technology, the team has found that there are no less than 220 secret doors. These little-known secret doors have played an important role in history. Some of them are of a size that only allows one person to go through. Those doors hide the secrets of the Great Wall, and the wisdom of people living in ancient times. The structure of each secret door is special, according to local terrain (地形) and needs. Researchers also said, “________ It is more of a way for both sides’ communication and business. But our knowledge of the Great Wall is far from enough, and the research on secret doors has not yet come to an end.” The research team will use developed technology to further restore (修复) the “true face” of the Great Wall, thus showing a complete Great Wall to the world. 1．What is special about the exhibition about the Great Wall? A．It is the largest exhibition of hidden doors. B．It is the first exhibition about the Great Wall. C．It is the first exhibition held by Tianjin University. D．It first shows hidden door’s unknown information. 2．Which is NOT true about the hidden doors? A．They are not very large. B．They were found in open places. C．They were found by a research team. D．More than 220 of them have been found. 3．What did these hidden doors show? A．How ancient people lived their life. B．How ancient people built the Wall. C．How smart the ancient people were. D．How people protected themselves. 4．Which sentence can be put in the “________?” A．It is a long and old wall. B．No one truly knows its secrets. C．Everyone is surprised at its history. D．The Great Wall is not just a ‘wall’. 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了天津大学研究团队发现长城暗门，并介绍相关展览、暗门历史作用以及后续研究计划。 【详解】1．第一段指出“This is the first exhibition showing unknown information about the hidden doors.”，这个展览的特别之处是它首次展示了暗门不为人知的信息. 2．第二段指出“The secret doors found are small ones opened in hidden parts of the Great Wall.”，暗门开在长城隐蔽的区域，并非开阔地带，B选项表述错误；A“它们不是很大”、C“它们由一支研究团队发现”、D“已发现超过220个”均符合原文描述。 3．第四段指出“Those doors hide the secrets of the Great Wall, and the wisdom of people living in ancient times.”，暗门体现了古人的智慧，对应选项C“古代人有多聪慧”。 4．空后指出“It is more of a way for both sides’ communication and business.”，空格处句子需要引出长城不只是墙体。D选项“The Great Wall is not just a ‘wall’.”符合上下文逻辑。 Passage 3 Mike I’m 13 years old. I come from the UK. I go to a high school in London. I am keen on sports. I like playing football very much and I am very good at it. My favorite football player is Ronaldo. I had my photo taken with him last year. It was so great to meet my hero. Jordan Hi! I’m Jordan and I’m American. I’m 12 years old. My hobby is watching TV. I often watch science programmes on TV. I live in a house close to some mountains with my parents. They are both hardworking farmers. We own a big farm. There are all kinds of plants and animals on our farm. Working on the farm is interesting. I often help my parents with the farm work. Jane I’m from Australia. I am 11 years old. I go to a junior high school in a small city. I like reading and watching cartoons. My favorite cartoon character is Mickey Mouse. In summer, I enjoy the sunshine at the beach. I love going swimming at this time of year. Ricky Hi, everyone. My name is Ricky. I’m 10 years old. I come from a beautiful country—France. I live in the capital city, Paris. I like collecting stamps. I like animals, so I collect stamps with animals on them. 1．Where may these articles come from? A．Newspapers. B．Blogs. C．Storybooks. D．Science books. 2．Who likes watching TV? A．Mike and Jordan. B．Jordan and Jane. C．Jane and Ricky. D．Mike and Ricky. 3．What do we learn from the passage? A．Ricky doesn’t like animals. B．Mike’s favorite football player is Roger. C．Jane usually goes to the beach in summer. D．Jordan seldom does farm work. 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，通过四个孩子的自我介绍，展示了他们的年龄、国籍、学校、爱好等信息。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据文章的内容可知，介绍了四个来自不同国家的小朋友，分别介绍了他们的年龄、国籍、爱好等信息。这种内容形式更符合博客（Blogs）的风格。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章中Jordan和Jane的介绍，可知Jordan的爱好是看电视，尤其是科学节目；而Jane的爱好是读书和看卡通片。因此，喜欢看电视的是Jordan和Jane。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章中Jane的介绍，“In summer, I enjoy the sunshine at the beach. I love going swimming at this time of year.”（夏天，我喜欢在海滩上享受阳光。我喜欢在这个时候去游泳。）可知，Jane通常在夏天去海滩。因此，选项C“Jane usually goes to the beach in summer.”（Jane通常在夏天去海滩）是正确的。故选C。 Passage 4 Trip 1 One Week in the Mountains Bring your strong shoes and warm clothes for this walk in a beautiful area of the Green Mountains. You may go hiking or have a try of rock climbing. This is also a protection area for wild animals. You can find many kinds of animals living in this area. Time: May 8-14     Tel: 64639818 Grown-up: $1,100.00     Child: $650.00 Trip 2 Three Days in the Country There are many beautiful gardens. Take your camera and enjoy the wonderful sight in Hunter Valley. It is a good place for fishing and horse riding. You can also find different kinds of flowers here. This is also a great walk for bird-lovers. Time: May 20-22     Tel: 63986432 Grown-up: $550.00     Child: $350.00 Trip 3 Flashlight Adventure Put on your warm clothes, bring a flashlight and come for a night walk along the Dungog Valley. It is a trip full of adventure. A guide will lead the trip. Many of the plants you will see on this trip can only be seen at night. Time: May 16-18     Tel: 63875629 Grown-up: $450.00    Not for children Trip 4 Five Days by the Sea Wear your sun hat and enjoy wonderful sunshine all the time from morning to evening. Our hotel is next to the sea. We have our own boats too. You can swim in the sea or in the swimming pool. Every day our boat will take you to different places for swimming. Time: May 23-27     Tel: 67538293 Grown-up: $680.00     Child: $400.00 1．Sam wants to stay in Hunter Valley with his wife and two children. How much will it cost? A．$350. B．$550. C．$1,100. D．$1,800. 2．David likes exciting activities. He plans to take a holiday from May 15 to 20. What activity will he probably take part in? A．Walking along the Dungog Valley. B．Fishing in the Hunter Valley. C．Hiking in the Green Mountains. D．Swimming in the sea. 3．Which of the following is NOT true about Trip 3? A．You have to bring a flashlight with you. B．You can see many animals in the valley at night. C．A guide will be the leader of the trip. D．You can see many flowers which you can’t see in the daytime. 4．Where can you see this passage? A．From a story-book. B．From a Geography book. C．From a travel guide. D．From a science report. 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是四则旅行广告，分别介绍了山区徒步、乡村度假、夜间探险和海边度假四种旅行方案的时间、费用、活动内容及联系方式。 【详解】1．Trip 2中“Grown-up: $550.00 Child: $350.00”，Sam和妻子两位成人费用为550×2=1100美元，两个孩子费用为350×2=700美元，总费用为1100+700=1800美元。 2．David喜欢刺激活动，旅行时间为5月15日至20日。Trip 3时间为5月16-18日，内容为夜间徒步探险。由此推断，他可能会参加Dungog Valley的夜间徒步。 3．Trip 3中提到“Many of the plants you will see on this trip can only be seen at night.”，说明看到的是植物而非动物。直接说明B项“看到许多动物”是不正确的。 4．本文介绍了四个旅行方案的时间、地点、活动内容和价格，是典型的旅游广告。由此推断，本文最可能来自旅游指南。 Passage 5 Tom: I am always interested in bookmarks. It’s hard to explain the reasons. Each bookmark always has a story to tell. It is exciting to hold a beautiful bookmark in my hand while reading. I can imagine the stories behind these bookmarks. I’m excited about my future collection. Betty: Many people like drinking milk tea in their daily life though it’s not healthy. However, the milk tea cups can be cool and useful collections. Every time I drink milk tea, I keep the cup. I make them into pen containers (笔筒) or flower pots. I think this helps protect the Earth. Jane: I was a big fan of dolls. Dolls aren’t just children’s toys. Some people spend thousands of dollars buying their favourite dolls. But when I realized that I didn’t have enough money and time, I stopped collecting new ones. I still keep my dolls but I will spend more time on something valuable for the world, not just for myself. Sam: I never collect anything. I don’t think people should get crazy about anything. Besides, we are students. We have to ask parents for money, so we shouldn’t waste our money. Some of my classmates enjoy sharing their hobbies as well. But if they ask about my collection, I will just tell them my only collection is the memory and knowledge in my mind. 1．What does Betty like to collect? A．Bookmarks. B．Dolls. C．Pens. D．Milk tea cups. 2．Who thinks collecting things can be a waste of money? A．Tom. B．Betty. C．Sam. D．Jane. 3．Where can we read this article? A．On a poster. B．On a website. C．In a book. D．In a diary. 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．B 【导语】本文是几个人分享了自己对收藏物品的观点。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据Betty说的“However, the milk tea cups can be cool and useful collections. Every time I drink milk tea, I keep the cup.”可知，Betty喜欢收集奶茶杯。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据Sam说的“I never collect anything. I don’t think people should get crazy about anything. Besides, we are students. We have to ask parents for money, so we shouldn’t waste our money.”可知，Sam从不收集任何东西，他认为收集东西是一种浪费。故选C。 3．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文是几个人分享了自己对收藏物品的观点，符合在网站上看到的多人讨论形式，因此我们经常能在网上看到该文章。故选B。 Passage 6 There are four seasons in Beijing, the capital of China—short windy spring, long hot summer, cool nice autumn and long cold winter. The hottest month is July and the coldest is January. September and October with the nice and cool weather are the best time to visit this city. Spring To visit this city in spring (early April till the end of May), you need to bring lightweight (薄型的) clothing: long-sleeved shirts (长袖衬衫) or T-shirts, jackets and sweaters. It is warm, windy and dry but the temperature changes sharply between the day and the night. Dress warmly when going out at night. Summer Summer (from early June to mid-September) is very hot with much rain. This calls for light clothes as the temperature in July and August can be between 30℃ and 40℃. Short and heavy rainstorms may come suddenly in the afternoon on sunny days. Autumn The short but beautiful autumn (from mid-September to the end of October) is travellers’ all-time favourite. Autumn in this city enjoys comfortable temperature and a lot of sunshine. Long-sleeved shirts and thin coats are necessary for autumn. From late October, the temperature comes down sharply, so warm clothing is a must. Winter This city has a cold, dry and long winter from early November to the next March. It will not be warm although it is sunny on cold days. The temperature in December, January and February is usually below 0℃. Be sure to wear wool sweaters and thick coats for winter. 1．Spring in Beijing lasts ________. A．about 2 months B．more than three months C．only one and a half months D．five months 2．What’s the weather often like in Beijing in summer? A．Warm, windy and dry. B．Hot and rainy. C．Sunny and cool. D．Long and cold. 3．If you put a cup of water in the open air in Beijing in February, what will happen? A．Nothing will happen. B．The cup becomes smaller. C．The water will turn into ice. D．The cup and the water will disappear. 4．The title of the passage may be ________. A．How to visit Beijing B．Four seasons in Beijing C．The capital of China D．What to eat in Beijing 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了北京4个季节的气候。 【详解】1．根据“To visit this city in spring (early April till the end of May), you need to bring lightweight (薄型的) clothing:”可知，北京的春天从4月份持续到5月底，也就是2个月。 2．根据“Summer (from early June to mid-September) is very hot with much rain.”可知，北京的夏天非常热，且雨水多。 3．根据“The temperature in December, January and February is usually below 0℃.”可知，2月份的温度是零下，因此一杯水放在室外，很有可能会结冰。 4．全文围绕北京的春、夏、秋、冬四个季节的气候、时长和出行着装建议展开，核心主题是北京的四季。B选项最能概括全文内容。 Passage 7 In most places of the world, a five-day work week is common. But in some places, people are trying out the idea of paying workers the same money for working just four days a week. The idea isn’t new, but businesses have been slow to try it. They may be worried about getting less work for their money. But the results of last year’s test, run by the University of Cambridge, suggest the move may be good for both businesses and workers. Last June, 61 UK companies agreed to try the four-day work week while paying their workers the same money. In return, they asked their workers to try to do as much in four days as they usually did in five. The test ran for six months and turned out to be good for most businesses. During the test, some companies cut meetings or made sure they were shorter. Others used technology to help workers get more done quickly. Some companies created a “focus time” so workers could work on just one thing without being interrupted (打扰). Therefore, workers worked faster and better. Besides, the companies made more money. Most of the workers were satisfied with the four-day work week. Some people said they were able to get more training and take care of things at home. Others said they were able to spend more time with their families. At the end of the test, ninety-two percent of the companies involved (参与) said they planned to keep the four-day work week. 1．Why have businesses been slow to try the four-day work week? A．Because they were afraid their workers would do less work. B．Because they had no idea of how to start it. C．Because they had some troubles in paying their workers. D．Because they did not want their workers to rest more. 2．What should workers do in a four-day work week according to Paragraph 3? A．They should spend more time helping others. B．They should work more and get less money. C．They should do less work in a shorter time. D．They should finish as much work as they do in five. 3．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The workers. B．The troubles. C．The meetings. D．The companies. 4．When the test was finished, ________ of the companies involved wanted to keep the four-day work week. A．none B．less than half C．nearly half D．most 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了四天工作周的试验情况。文章介绍了企业对此的担忧、试验的具体做法、对企业和工人的积极影响以及试验结束后企业的反馈。 【详解】1．第二段指出“They may be worried about getting less work for their money.”，这说明企业担心付同样的钱却得到更少的工作量。 2．第三段指出“they asked their workers to try to do as much in four days as they usually did in five.”，这说明企业要求工人在四天内完成与五天相同的工作量。 3．根据文章第三段“During the test, some companies cut meetings, or made sure they were shorter.”可知，划线词“they”指代前文提到的复数名词“meetings”（会议），意为确保会议时间更短。 4．最后一段指出“ninety-two percent of the companies involved said they planned to keep the four-day work week.”，92%属于“most”（大多数）。 Passage 8 Why are the leaves on trees different in colors? What makes them change color? Leaves use sunlight, water and air to make food for the trees. This way of making food is called photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is important to animals as well as plants. Some animals eat plants. Other animals eat these animals. Summer is playtime. For the leaves of many trees, however, it’s work, work, work! The Sun is shining. The leaves are making food for the trees. The trees keep more than enough food deep inside. Leaves are green in summer because they are making food. Leaves also have orange, yellow, or brown colors inside them. During summer, those colors are covered by the green color. Many places get colder in fall with shorter days and longer nights. Trees get less sunlight, so photosynthesis slows down. Over time, leaves stop making the green chemical. The hidden orange, yellow, and brown colors grow when that happens. Once it gets cold enough and ice appears at night, the trees drop their leaves. They do this to keep themselves safe. If the leaves turn to ice while still on the trees, the trees can be hurt. Trees that drop their leaves are bare (光秃秃) in winter. They use the food they save in summer to get through the cold days and nights. Spring comes before long. Ice and snow disappear and the rains come. The Sun shines, and tiny leaves grow from branches. Once again, the leaves use sunlight, water and air to make food. The cycle begins again. 1．What is photosynthesis according to the passage? A．It is a way of growing leaves. B．It is a way of changing colors. C．It is a way for animals to eat plants. D．It is a way to make food for plants. 2．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A．The colors. B．The leaves. C．The trees. D．The animals. 3．What would be the best structure of the passage? A．①②/③④⑤⑥ B．①/②③④⑤/⑥ C．①②③④⑤/⑥ D．①/②③/④/⑤⑥ 4．What is the best title of the article? A．The colors of the tree leaves. B．The trees in different seasons. C．The importance of the sunlight. D．The changes of the four seasons. 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了树叶颜色变化的原因及其与光合作用的关系，介绍了树木在不同季节的适应策略及生命循环。 【详解】1．根据文章第2段“Leaves use sunlight, water and air to make food for the trees. This way of making food is called photosynthesis.”可知，光合作用是植物制造食物的方式。 2．根据文章第5段“Once it gets cold enough and ice appears at night, the trees drop their leaves. They do this to keep themselves safe.”可知，树木落叶是为了保护自身安全，“They”指代前文提到的“树木”。 3．根据全文可知，文章第一段通过设问引出话题；第二至五段具体阐述光合作用原理及夏秋冬三季树叶的变化情况；第六段讲述春季来临循环重启。因此，文章的结构应为①/②③④⑤/⑥。 4．根据全文可知，文章主要围绕树叶颜色的不同及其变化原因展开，“The colors of the tree leaves”最能概括文章核心对象。 18 / 18乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $考前特训 专题03 阅读理解 期中考满分冲刺（广州专用） 姓名：___________班级：___________座号：___________ 内容提要 题型分析 解题指导 集中突破 一、题型定位 阅读理解是广州卷分值最高的题型，考查获取信息、推理判断、揣摩词义与概括主旨的综合能力。七年级上册的阅读呈现“短、浅、细节多”三个特点：八篇平均两百词出头，四道题里通常有三道能靠原文定位直接答出，只有最后一题（标题、结构或句子还原）需要统揽全文。另有一层容易被忽视的难点——本卷有两篇是**表格型语篇**（四个孩子的自我介绍表、四则旅行广告），信息分散在行列之间，读表格的能力本身就是考点。 本次特训共收录 8 篇短文、30 道小题，体裁含记叙文、说明文、应用文（表格与广告）与科普文，话题包括四个人谈自己的收藏、四个国家孩子的自我介绍（表格）、七个人喜欢的学科、四则旅行广告（表格）、北京的四季、树叶为什么会变色、四天工作周的试验、长城暗门展览，与沪教版七年级上册 Unit 1 Making friends、Unit 2 Daily life、Unit 3 The Earth、Unit 4 Seasons、Unit 6 Travelling around Asia、Unit 8 Collecting things 的主题紧密呼应。 二、命题特点 （1）表格型语篇要“横向比行、纵向比列”：Passage 3 题 5 问谁喜欢看电视，须在 Mike / Jordan / Jane / Ricky 四行里逐一核对；Passage 4 题 11 问“两位大人 + 两个孩子”的费用，须按 Trip 2 的 550×2 + 350×2 算出 1,800。 （2）细节题多为“同义转述”而非原文照抄：Passage 5 题 1 的原文是 the milk tea cups can be cool and useful collections，选项转述为 Milk tea cups；Passage 1 题 9 的 It’s about people, not things 则原样入选项，两者都要能对上。 （3）否定细节题必有一道，且陷阱都藏在“主体替换”：Passage 4 题 13 问 Trip 3 哪项不对，原文说夜间能看的是**植物**，选项 B 换成“动物”；Passage 2 题 28 问暗门哪项不对，原文说藏在偏僻处，选项说在开阔地。 （4）指代题只看上一句：Passage 8 题 20 的 They 指前一句的 the trees、Passage 7 题 25 的 they 指第三段的 the meetings，离得远的名词一律不选。 （5）结构与标题题放最后做：Passage 8 题 21 要求判断全文为“①/②③④⑤/⑥”（总—分—总），Passage 2 题 30 要把 The Great Wall is not just a ‘wall’ 还原到段中，两题都必须先读完末段才动笔。 三、核心考点分布（基于本次特训 30 题梳理） （1）细节理解（18 题，含 2 道否定细节）：占六成，考查原文信息的定位与同义转述识别；否定细节分别落在题 13 与题 28。 （2）推理判断（6 题）：题 3、4、12、14、17、29，多问“文章来源”“作者意图”或“按原文情境会发生什么”。 （3）词义与指代猜测（2 题）：题 20、题 25，画线词均为代词 They/they，须回读上一句。 （4）标题与主旨归纳（2 题）：题 18、题 22，须统揽全文后再比选项的“覆盖面”。 （5）篇章结构与句子还原（2 题）：题 21 以四幅结构图充当选项、题 30 需在段中还原一句总结句，是全卷最难的两题。 （6）表格型语篇两篇：Passage 3（四个孩子的自我介绍表）与 Passage 4（四则旅行广告），信息分散在行列之间，读表能力本身就是考点。 一、四步解题法 第一步：先读题干、圈关键词（人名、数字、大写词、专有名词），再带着问题读文。 第二步：回原文精确定位，把题干关键词与原文句逐个对齐，划出依据句。 第三步：将四个选项逐一与依据句比对，重点看“范围词”（all/some/most）与“程度词”（must/may）。 第四步：主旨题、标题题与结构题最后做，用“是否覆盖全文”而非“是否说得对”来筛选。 二、结合本次特训题目的实战点拨 【点拨1】细节理解——以 Passage 1 题 1 为例：原文写道“John: I love science subjects, especially Physics.”。该题考查从原文直接提取信息，须将选项与原文句段逐一比对，据此可确定答案为 B。 【点拨2】细节理解——以 Passage 2 题 2 为例：原文写道“The secret doors found are small ones opened in hidden parts of the Gre…”。该题考查从原文直接提取信息，须将选项与原文句段逐一比对，据此可确定答案为 B。 【点拨3】细节理解——以 Passage 2 题 3 为例：原文写道“Those doors hide the secrets of the Great Wall, and the wisdom of peopl…”。该题考查从原文直接提取信息，须将选项与原文句段逐一比对，据此可确定答案为 C。 【点拨4】细节理解——以 Passage 5 题 1 为例：原文写道“However, the milk tea cups can be cool and useful collections.”。该题考查从原文直接提取信息，须将选项与原文句段逐一比对，据此可确定答案为 D。 【点拨5】细节理解——以 Passage 6 题 1 为例：原文写道“There are four seasons in Beijing, the capital of China—short windy spr…”。该题考查从原文直接提取信息，须将选项与原文句段逐一比对，据此可确定答案为 A。 【点拨6】细节理解——以 Passage 7 题 2 为例：原文写道“In return, they asked their workers to try to do as much in four days a…”。该题考查从原文直接提取信息，须将选项与原文句段逐一比对，据此可确定答案为 D。 【点拨7】词义猜测——以 Passage 7 题 3 为例：原文写道“During the test, some companies cut meetings or made sure they were sho…”。该题要求根据上下文语境或构词法推断生词含义，据此可确定答案为 C。 【点拨8】标题归纳——以 Passage 8 题 4 为例：原文写道“Why are the leaves on trees different in colors?”。该题要求为文章选择最贴切的标题，须统揽全文主旨，据此可确定答案为 A。 三、易错提醒 • 忌“用常识代替原文”：越是熟悉的话题（四季、树叶、长城），越容易凭背景知识选错。 • 忌“偷换概念”：把 Trip 3 的“看植物”记成“看动物”，是应用文最常见的干扰手法。 • 忌“过度推断”：原文说 may，选项说 will certainly，即越界。 • 忌“跳过表格读文字”：Passage 3、Passage 4 的答案依据全在表格里，只读题不看表必然选错。 Passage 1 Lena: I like science subjects because they help me understand the world. It’s interesting to learn about different chemicals in our bodies and in nature. Solving problems is fun too. Joseph: I love Chemistry. It’s really exciting to do experiments, and it is also useful in daily life. George: I like subjects like Maths and Biology. I enjoy learning English too. I want to be a doctor when I grow up, so I always study hard. Elaine: I love English. In subjects like Maths, there’s only one correct answer. English is about understanding different ideas and cultures. John: I love science subjects, especially Physics. It’s not an easy subject to study, but I like a challenge! Liz: I like studying languages. It’s about people, not things, and I find it easy to learn new words. James: Drama is my favourite subject, and I love acting because it lets me express myself. I want to be an actor. 1．Which subject does John find interesting? A．Chemistry. B．Physics. C．English. D．Maths. 2．Who enjoys studying English? A．Lena, Elaine and James. B．Joseph, John and James. C．George, Elaine and Liz. D．Elaine, James and Liz. 3．Why does Liz enjoy studying different languages? A．It’s not boring. B．It’s about people, not things. C．It’s relaxing. D．It is useful in daily life. 4．According to Elaine, what is the difference between English and Maths? A．In English, there is usually more than one answer. B．Maths is about understanding different ideas. C．English is about understanding nature. D．English lets her express herself. Passage 2 Recently, a new exhibition about the Great Wall showed us more secrets of the great wonder: its hidden doors. This is the first exhibition showing unknown information about the hidden doors. The project was started by the Tianjin University research team in 2018, studying 5,500 kilometers of the Great Wall. The secret doors found are small ones opened in hidden parts of the Great Wall. With the support of maps and modern technology, the team has found that there are no less than 220 secret doors. These little-known secret doors have played an important role in history. Some of them are of a size that only allows one person to go through. Those doors hide the secrets of the Great Wall, and the wisdom of people living in ancient times. The structure of each secret door is special, according to local terrain (地形) and needs. Researchers also said, “________ It is more of a way for both sides’ communication and business. But our knowledge of the Great Wall is far from enough, and the research on secret doors has not yet come to an end.” The research team will use developed technology to further restore (修复) the “true face” of the Great Wall, thus showing a complete Great Wall to the world. 1．What is special about the exhibition about the Great Wall? A．It is the largest exhibition of hidden doors. B．It is the first exhibition about the Great Wall. C．It is the first exhibition held by Tianjin University. D．It first shows hidden door’s unknown information. 2．Which is NOT true about the hidden doors? A．They are not very large. B．They were found in open places. C．They were found by a research team. D．More than 220 of them have been found. 3．What did these hidden doors show? A．How ancient people lived their life. B．How ancient people built the Wall. C．How smart the ancient people were. D．How people protected themselves. 4．Which sentence can be put in the “________?” A．It is a long and old wall. B．No one truly knows its secrets. C．Everyone is surprised at its history. D．The Great Wall is not just a ‘wall’. Passage 3 Mike I’m 13 years old. I come from the UK. I go to a high school in London. I am keen on sports. I like playing football very much and I am very good at it. My favorite football player is Ronaldo. I had my photo taken with him last year. It was so great to meet my hero. Jordan Hi! I’m Jordan and I’m American. I’m 12 years old. My hobby is watching TV. I often watch science programmes on TV. I live in a house close to some mountains with my parents. They are both hardworking farmers. We own a big farm. There are all kinds of plants and animals on our farm. Working on the farm is interesting. I often help my parents with the farm work. Jane I’m from Australia. I am 11 years old. I go to a junior high school in a small city. I like reading and watching cartoons. My favorite cartoon character is Mickey Mouse. In summer, I enjoy the sunshine at the beach. I love going swimming at this time of year. Ricky Hi, everyone. My name is Ricky. I’m 10 years old. I come from a beautiful country—France. I live in the capital city, Paris. I like collecting stamps. I like animals, so I collect stamps with animals on them. 1．Where may these articles come from? A．Newspapers. B．Blogs. C．Storybooks. D．Science books. 2．Who likes watching TV? A．Mike and Jordan. B．Jordan and Jane. C．Jane and Ricky. D．Mike and Ricky. 3．What do we learn from the passage? A．Ricky doesn’t like animals. B．Mike’s favorite football player is Roger. C．Jane usually goes to the beach in summer. D．Jordan seldom does farm work. Passage 4 Trip 1 One Week in the Mountains Bring your strong shoes and warm clothes for this walk in a beautiful area of the Green Mountains. You may go hiking or have a try of rock climbing. This is also a protection area for wild animals. You can find many kinds of animals living in this area. Time: May 8-14     Tel: 64639818 Grown-up: $1,100.00     Child: $650.00 Trip 2 Three Days in the Country There are many beautiful gardens. Take your camera and enjoy the wonderful sight in Hunter Valley. It is a good place for fishing and horse riding. You can also find different kinds of flowers here. This is also a great walk for bird-lovers. Time: May 20-22     Tel: 63986432 Grown-up: $550.00     Child: $350.00 Trip 3 Flashlight Adventure Put on your warm clothes, bring a flashlight and come for a night walk along the Dungog Valley. It is a trip full of adventure. A guide will lead the trip. Many of the plants you will see on this trip can only be seen at night. Time: May 16-18     Tel: 63875629 Grown-up: $450.00    Not for children Trip 4 Five Days by the Sea Wear your sun hat and enjoy wonderful sunshine all the time from morning to evening. Our hotel is next to the sea. We have our own boats too. You can swim in the sea or in the swimming pool. Every day our boat will take you to different places for swimming. Time: May 23-27     Tel: 67538293 Grown-up: $680.00     Child: $400.00 1．Sam wants to stay in Hunter Valley with his wife and two children. How much will it cost? A．$350. B．$550. C．$1,100. D．$1,800. 2．David likes exciting activities. He plans to take a holiday from May 15 to 20. What activity will he probably take part in? A．Walking along the Dungog Valley. B．Fishing in the Hunter Valley. C．Hiking in the Green Mountains. D．Swimming in the sea. 3．Which of the following is NOT true about Trip 3? A．You have to bring a flashlight with you. B．You can see many animals in the valley at night. C．A guide will be the leader of the trip. D．You can see many flowers which you can’t see in the daytime. 4．Where can you see this passage? A．From a story-book. B．From a Geography book. C．From a travel guide. D．From a science report. Passage 5 Tom: I am always interested in bookmarks. It’s hard to explain the reasons. Each bookmark always has a story to tell. It is exciting to hold a beautiful bookmark in my hand while reading. I can imagine the stories behind these bookmarks. I’m excited about my future collection. Betty: Many people like drinking milk tea in their daily life though it’s not healthy. However, the milk tea cups can be cool and useful collections. Every time I drink milk tea, I keep the cup. I make them into pen containers (笔筒) or flower pots. I think this helps protect the Earth. Jane: I was a big fan of dolls. Dolls aren’t just children’s toys. Some people spend thousands of dollars buying their favourite dolls. But when I realized that I didn’t have enough money and time, I stopped collecting new ones. I still keep my dolls but I will spend more time on something valuable for the world, not just for myself. Sam: I never collect anything. I don’t think people should get crazy about anything. Besides, we are students. We have to ask parents for money, so we shouldn’t waste our money. Some of my classmates enjoy sharing their hobbies as well. But if they ask about my collection, I will just tell them my only collection is the memory and knowledge in my mind. 1．What does Betty like to collect? A．Bookmarks. B．Dolls. C．Pens. D．Milk tea cups. 2．Who thinks collecting things can be a waste of money? A．Tom. B．Betty. C．Sam. D．Jane. 3．Where can we read this article? A．On a poster. B．On a website. C．In a book. D．In a diary. Passage 6 There are four seasons in Beijing, the capital of China—short windy spring, long hot summer, cool nice autumn and long cold winter. The hottest month is July and the coldest is January. September and October with the nice and cool weather are the best time to visit this city. Spring To visit this city in spring (early April till the end of May), you need to bring lightweight (薄型的) clothing: long-sleeved shirts (长袖衬衫) or T-shirts, jackets and sweaters. It is warm, windy and dry but the temperature changes sharply between the day and the night. Dress warmly when going out at night. Summer Summer (from early June to mid-September) is very hot with much rain. This calls for light clothes as the temperature in July and August can be between 30℃ and 40℃. Short and heavy rainstorms may come suddenly in the afternoon on sunny days. Autumn The short but beautiful autumn (from mid-September to the end of October) is travellers’ all-time favourite. Autumn in this city enjoys comfortable temperature and a lot of sunshine. Long-sleeved shirts and thin coats are necessary for autumn. From late October, the temperature comes down sharply, so warm clothing is a must. Winter This city has a cold, dry and long winter from early November to the next March. It will not be warm although it is sunny on cold days. The temperature in December, January and February is usually below 0℃. Be sure to wear wool sweaters and thick coats for winter. 1．Spring in Beijing lasts ________. A．about 2 months B．more than three months C．only one and a half months D．five months 2．What’s the weather often like in Beijing in summer? A．Warm, windy and dry. B．Hot and rainy. C．Sunny and cool. D．Long and cold. 3．If you put a cup of water in the open air in Beijing in February, what will happen? A．Nothing will happen. B．The cup becomes smaller. C．The water will turn into ice. D．The cup and the water will disappear. 4．The title of the passage may be ________. A．How to visit Beijing B．Four seasons in Beijing C．The capital of China D．What to eat in Beijing Passage 7 In most places of the world, a five-day work week is common. But in some places, people are trying out the idea of paying workers the same money for working just four days a week. The idea isn’t new, but businesses have been slow to try it. They may be worried about getting less work for their money. But the results of last year’s test, run by the University of Cambridge, suggest the move may be good for both businesses and workers. Last June, 61 UK companies agreed to try the four-day work week while paying their workers the same money. In return, they asked their workers to try to do as much in four days as they usually did in five. The test ran for six months and turned out to be good for most businesses. During the test, some companies cut meetings or made sure they were shorter. Others used technology to help workers get more done quickly. Some companies created a “focus time” so workers could work on just one thing without being interrupted (打扰). Therefore, workers worked faster and better. Besides, the companies made more money. Most of the workers were satisfied with the four-day work week. Some people said they were able to get more training and take care of things at home. Others said they were able to spend more time with their families. At the end of the test, ninety-two percent of the companies involved (参与) said they planned to keep the four-day work week. 1．Why have businesses been slow to try the four-day work week? A．Because they were afraid their workers would do less work. B．Because they had no idea of how to start it. C．Because they had some troubles in paying their workers. D．Because they did not want their workers to rest more. 2．What should workers do in a four-day work week according to Paragraph 3? A．They should spend more time helping others. B．They should work more and get less money. C．They should do less work in a shorter time. D．They should finish as much work as they do in five. 3．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The workers. B．The troubles. C．The meetings. D．The companies. 4．When the test was finished, ________ of the companies involved wanted to keep the four-day work week. A．none B．less than half C．nearly half D．most Passage 8 Why are the leaves on trees different in colors? What makes them change color? Leaves use sunlight, water and air to make food for the trees. This way of making food is called photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is important to animals as well as plants. Some animals eat plants. Other animals eat these animals. Summer is playtime. For the leaves of many trees, however, it’s work, work, work! The Sun is shining. The leaves are making food for the trees. The trees keep more than enough food deep inside. Leaves are green in summer because they are making food. Leaves also have orange, yellow, or brown colors inside them. During summer, those colors are covered by the green color. Many places get colder in fall with shorter days and longer nights. Trees get less sunlight, so photosynthesis slows down. Over time, leaves stop making the green chemical. The hidden orange, yellow, and brown colors grow when that happens. Once it gets cold enough and ice appears at night, the trees drop their leaves. They do this to keep themselves safe. If the leaves turn to ice while still on the trees, the trees can be hurt. Trees that drop their leaves are bare (光秃秃) in winter. They use the food they save in summer to get through the cold days and nights. Spring comes before long. Ice and snow disappear and the rains come. The Sun shines, and tiny leaves grow from branches. Once again, the leaves use sunlight, water and air to make food. The cycle begins again. 1．What is photosynthesis according to the passage? A．It is a way of growing leaves. B．It is a way of changing colors. C．It is a way for animals to eat plants. D．It is a way to make food for plants. 2．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A．The colors. B．The leaves. C．The trees. D．The animals. 3．What would be the best structure of the passage? A．①②/③④⑤⑥ B．①/②③④⑤/⑥ C．①②③④⑤/⑥ D．①/②③/④/⑤⑥ 4．What is the best title of the article? A．The colors of the tree leaves. B．The trees in different seasons. C．The importance of the sunlight. D．The changes of the four seasons. 18 / 18乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $