上海复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年第二学期高二年级英语学科4月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2023学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科4月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Magnetic field at event horizon spotted For the first time, astronomers have detected magnetic fields near the event horizon of Sagittarius A*, the black hole 1          lies at the centre of our Galaxy. " 2          these magnetic fields have been predicted to exist, no one has seen them before. Our data puts decades of theoretical work on solid observational ground," said Principal Investigator Shep Doeleman, the Assistant Director of MIT's Haystack Observatory. 3          presence of the fields was revealed using the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT)-a global network of radio telescopes that function as one giant scope the size of Earth. The EHT team detected the magnetic fields by measuring the linear polarisation of the light 4          (produce) by Sagittarius A*. The polarised light is released by electrons spiralling (盘旋) around magnetic field lines and so directly traces the structure of the magnetic field. "With this result, the EHT team is one step closer to 5          (solve) a central problem in astronomy: 6          are black holes so bright if their gravitational pull is so great they can draw in light," said Doeleman. This groundbreaking observation was made possible 7          the remarkable resolution a telescope the size of the EHT offers. It 8          (hope), however, that more radio dishes from around the world will be added to the EHT's network, enabling it 9          (gather) even more astronomical data. More data 10          (allow) the EHT's astronomers to achieve greater resolution, possibly enough to directly image a black hole's event horizon for the first time. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. construction B. currently C. delays D. disastrous E. effortlessly F. forecast G. operation H. safeguard I. strengthened J. total K. withdraw History Underwater In 1966, Venice experienced its worst flood in history when water levels reached 194 centimeters, according to a report. Italy then invested billions of dollars in a system of floodgates that were supposed to protect Venice from the 11          flooding the city is experiencing right now. It's called MOSE, which refers to an experimental electromechanical module. The flood protection system is a series of underwater barriers designed to 12          the three inlets leading to Venice's lagoon (泻湖) during high tides. The system consists of a series of bright-yellow gates that reach from one side of the inlet to the other, set in a trench (海沟) on the seafloor. Each gate is built from 13          steel that provides resistance from the pounding waves. When a tide higher than 110 centimeters is 14         , air is pumped into the gates, causing them to rise above the surface. When the high waters 15         , the gates sink below the surface to their original position. There are a(n) 16          of 78 gates among the three inlets. Engineers are 17          working on how to raise them at once. The first testing is expected next year. Work began on the barrier project in 2003. It has been under 18          for years. Cost increases and related 19          have caused many setbacks. It is now scheduled to be in 20          by 2022. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Learning something—whether that's new knowledge or a skill—is a physical process that actually restructures the architecture of the brain. To understand why, we need to look at what's going on in the brain when we're 21          something to memory. Every experience we have is created by the firing of millions of neurons (神经元) throughout the brain. They constantly light up in different combinations. And when neurons 'light up' together they undergo small changes that 22          them to fire together in future. Most neural firing patterns occur just once because these changes are initially not very 23         . Some patterns, 24         , are encoded by the hippocampus—a small, horseshoe-shaped structure deep in the brain. This encourages the encoded brain activity to recur. Eventually, if a firing pattern is 25          over and over again, the neurons within it extend tendrils (卷须) which link them together to form lasting pathways. The network it forms is now a 26          memory. Events that are novel, shocking, important or painful are encoded more easily than others because the neural activity involved is more intense. Encountering a flame and getting burned by it, for instance, involves fast firing of visual neurons (the sight), somatosensory neurons (the feeling) and limbic neurons (the horror). A(n) 27          sight of flame then initiates activity in the whole network, including the neurons that registered the burn. This memory, even if it's not conscious, 28          our response to the new situation: instead of touching the flame, the body turns away. A lesson has been learned. Networks of linked neurons break down and 29          much more easily in young brains than in older ones, which is why children learn—and forget—things so quickly. Some things are easier to learn than others. Walking and talking, for instance, emerge without much help, provided infants see it happening around them. Natural skills like these generally emerge within specific 30          frames, when children's brains are genetically programmed to develop them. Skills such as reading and arithmetic, however, have to be learned 31         , along with non-intuitive knowledge like the offside rule in football or the laws of thermodynamics. In each case, repeated practice and study will 32          the neural networks associated with this knowledge and help memorise it. Some types of learning are 33          by so-called 'mirror neurons'. These are brain cells that become 34          in a person when they see someone else doing something. If you see someone lifting their arm, say, some of the neurons in your brain which would be involved in lifting your own arm start firing. Mirror neurons stimulate automatic imitation, which is particularly useful for learning 35          skills—a dance routine, for example, or how to serve a tennis ball. 21. A. explaining B. proving C. announcing D. committing 22. A. restrict B. warn C. equip D. recommend 23. A. recent B. similar C. slight D. stable 24. A. however B. additionally C. therefore D. otherwise 25. A. shown B. reversed C. specified D. repeated 26. A. quick B. permanent C. collective D. sudden 27. A. common B. subsequent C. pleasant D. initial 28. A. guides B. tests C. accepts D. measures 29. A. build up B. give up C. look up D. break up 30. A. viewing B. text C. time D. duty 31. A. quickly B. painfully C. naturally D. intentionally 32. A. understand B. strengthen C. produce D. distribute 33. A. discouraged B. hidden C. facilitated D. combined 34. A. asleep B. diverse C. active D. present 35. A. motor B. study C. work D. survival Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Almost half a million young oak (橡树) trees have been saved after The Times revealed they were due to be destroyed because of delays in government help to create more woodland. A tree nursery said in March that it had been unable to find buyers for the one and two-year-old seedlings of England's national tree. Maelor Forest Nurseries near Wrexham spent two years looking after 500,000 seedlings, expecting a great increase in demand after government promises to increase tree planting. Demand failed to materialize and the company said it planned to destroy the trees, partly blaming difficulties land owners faced in obtaining subsidies to fund the work. After The Times reported on the plan, dozens of charities, community groups and individuals all over the country got in touch with Maelor to ask if they could help. "The nursery discounted the price per tree from 35-40 pence to 20 pence and sold nearly all of the 500,000 it had been planning to destroy. Thanks largely to the article in The Times only a small percentage had to be destroyed," said Mike Harvey, Maelor's managing director. "We are delighted that these oak saplings (幼树) have found good homes. We were frustrated at the prospect of having to destroy plants which we had spent two years growing only to find they were being left without a future for reasons beyond our control." Mr Harvey said the largest order, for 30,000 oaks, had come from Extinction Rebellion Rewilding, an offshoot of the climate change campaign group. It launched a campaign called Save the Oaks which raised £10,000 through a crowdfunding appeal to purchase and plant trees that had been due to be destroyed. Jethro Gauld, one of the organisers of the planting in Cambridgeshire, said: "We wanted to do something to prevent such a massive waste of saplings and help create a good news story to benefit local people and wildlife." Natasha Somers, a volunteer for Save the Oaks, said: "The support we've seen shows how a community can come together in difficult times. It's clear that people want to act for a better future, one where humanity and nature are connected." 36. The word "subsidies" is closest in meaning to "________". A. equipment B. technical support C. confidence D. financial aid 37. What had Maelor Forest Nurseries planned to do before The Times reported on their plan? A. To reduce the price of the seedlings. B. To ruin the trees it had taken care of. C. To wait for government help to arrive. D. To count the number of oak trees in Britain. 38. What happened to the 500,000 saplings at last? A. Most of them were sold out. B. Most of them were thrown away. C. They were replanted to Cambridgeshire. D. They were donated to a campaign group. 39. What is the passage mainly about? A. A prospective approach to planting. B. A nationwide effort to save oak trees. C. A tree nursery devoted to preserving endangered trees. D. A species of trees that are threatened with extinction. （B） A scientist's guide to Spring Cleaning It depends on how much you care about the effects that cleaning can have. We've done research into this. In one study, people completed tasks in tidy or untidy rooms, then had the option to donate to charity. We found that those in tidy rooms were more likely to donate. Cleaning seems to make you more likely to act in a way that is more upstanding and consistent with social norms. Can I still get psychological benefits of cleaning if I pay someone else to do it? Absolutely. You don't have to be the person that does all the tidying in order for your behaviour to change. A neat house can have an effect on everyone in the household. My teenage daughter argues that she can't help being messy. Should I let her off tidying her room? Some people are habitually messy, but that's not always a bad thing. In another study, we had our subjects sit in clean or messy rooms while dreaming up new uses for ping pong balls. We found that people from the messy rooms were more creative and innovative with their ideas. Now I have an excuse for the state of my house. But when should I worry that things are too messy? Speaking from a personal perspective, you should start to worry if the mess is preventing you from getting things done in an efficient manner. There's a concept called 'household chaos'. Suppose your two shoes are never in the same place. If you have to run around and find the missing shoe, it could cause problems in your everyday life. That's when things start to get too messy. If you find you've thrown things away that you later realise you need, or if being too tidy gets in the way of enjoying social interactions. I remember going to a colleague's house that was spotless, with white carpets and a white couch, and I found that I just couldn't relax. Try 'cleaning purgatory' Before I throw out anything that I think I may regret, I put it in a holding bin. It sits there for a month. If I don't get back to it then it has to go. 40. Some headings are missing in the passage. Match the following headings with the proper paragraphs. Note there is one more than you need. a. How do I know what to get rid of? b. Should I bother with the spring cleaning? c. How do I know I'm too tidy? d. What do you think of being too tidy? A. 1-a 2-c 3-d B. 1-b 2-c 3-d C. 1-b 2-c 3-a D. 1-a 2-d 3-b 41. What effect does cleaning have on people? A. It inspires people's creativity. B. It makes people more generous. C. It costs people too much time. D. It gets people to work less efficiently. 42. What suggestion is given in the passage? A. Don't let the mess take over. B. Associate cleanliness and order with morality. C. Help young children develop a habit of tidiness. D. Better not ask anyone else to do the cleaning for you. （C） Our lives are made up of human-machine interactions - with smartphones, televisions, computers - that have the power to delight and, often, frustrate. Into this area has stepped a new class of professional: the user-experience, or UX, designer, whose job is to see a product not from an engineer's, marketer's, or legal department's perspective but from the viewpoint of the user alone. And to insist that the customer should not have to learn to speak the company's internal language. The company should learn to speak the customer's. According to a recent survey, the role of UX designers has become a fixture on those year-end "hottest job" lists. If you want to study UX, you now have the option at some three dozen institutions in the United States, including Carnegie Mellon and the University of Washington. But Ford is one of the few major industrial companies in the U.S. to put a UX expert, Jim Hackett, in charge. At present, the question facing the car industry is basically whether high-tech giants such as Tesla and Google can learn car-making technology faster than Ford, GM, and other carmakers can learn software and algorithms. But Hackett reflects Ford's bet that the winner won't be the best chassis (底盘) maker or software maker, but the company that nails the interaction between man and machine. "One of the things that drew me to Jim was his commitment to design thinking, which puts the human being at the center of the equation," explained Bill Ford, the company's executive chairman. Hackett retired from Steelcase, a furniture maker, in 2014 and in 2016, Bill Ford hired him to run the automaker's Smart Mobility subsidiary, which was tasked with rethinking from the ground up how cars would be driven, powered, and owned. "This is what we call the design gap," said Hackett in an interview, pointing to the space between two lines on a graph he'd drawn on a whiteboard. One line climbs up - this is a company's skill at making things, which goes up over time. Below it is a downward line, representing a company's understanding of the customer's experience. This, he said, can decline over time, as a company loses sight of the problems it's in the business of solving. The design gap may be noticeable when the job is, say, building a marginally better tailgate for the Ford F-150. But it becomes positively yawning when your industry is so thoroughly turned on its head that you're forced to ask some basic questions: Do people want to own their cars or share them? Drive them or have them driven? The flood of new technologies makes everything possible. 43. Which of the following statements best describes a UX designer's responsibility? A. He is devoted to designing innovative products. B. He is devoted to making a product satisfy users' needs. C. He is devoted to improving a company's internal language. D. He is devoted to understanding human-machine interactions. 44. What can be inferred from the passage? A. UX designers are regarded as one of those best-paid jobs. B. High-tech giants have taken the lead in car manufacturing. C. Companies are laying greater emphasis on customers' feelings. D. The UX courses provided by the US institutions are far from enough. 45. Ford hires Jim Hackett because the company believes that________. A. it is currently facing the biggest challenge that needs a new perspective B. Hackett's design thinking is quite different from other UX professionals C. customers' experience plays a decisive role in the car-making competition D. Steelcase gave Hackett enough time and experience to grow up into an expert 46. What is Jim Hackett most likely to agree with? A. Ford should pay less attention to new technologies. B. Ford has long been ignoring customers' experience. C. Ford is no longer a leading company in auto making skills. D. Ford has made a wrong decision to build a tailgate for the F-150. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Sotheby's A. Before that time extremely valuable works such as these were sold privately or through dealers. B. But things began to go wrong during the oil crisis and the recession of the 1970s and the company started to get into financial difficulties. C. So how on earth did it all come about? D. The idea of enormously valuable works of art being sold at public auction is something we take for granted. E. It occurred to him that he might find a new way to sell and buy things. F. Buying and selling things at auction was made fashionable by James Christie but John Sotheby was quick to follow his lead. There is little doubt that Sotheby's is the oldest and most famous auction (拍卖) house in the world. It has been going for more than two and a half centuries and has sold many of the most famous and valuable treasures and works of art ever created. Many would argue that the international art market as it exists today was created by Sotheby's. 47          However, it is a relatively new phenomenon. It all began back in 1744 when a book dealer called Samuel Baker opened a small bookstore in the Strand in London. After his death in 1778 the business was taken over by his nephew, John Sotheby. Sotheby had a great rival, James Christie, who started the Christie's auction house in 1776. 48          In 1793 he auctioned Talleyrand's library and in 1823 he auctioned Napoleon's collection of books. Sotheby's business grew throughout the 19th century but it was only in the middle of the 20th century that Sotheby's began to make a huge impact internationally. In 1958 its chairman, Peter Wilson, organised the first ever public auction of impressionist masterpieces by Cezanne, Renoir and Van Gogh. 49          Wilson turned the whole auction into a fashionable event. He sent invitations to film stars and politicians and held the auction in the evening. Journalists from the leading papers were invited and everyone was asked to wear black tie or evening dress. Not surprisingly, the auction got a huge amount of publicity and the prices set new records. With its growing reputation in London Sotheby's decided to expand into the American market and bought the New York auction house Parke-Bernet. 50          In 1971 they even tried to raise money by launching a Sotheby's brand of cigarette. Eventually, in 1983 Sotheby's was bought by American businessman, Alfred Taubman. Based in Detroit, Taubman transformed Sotheby's into a wholly American company. It was certainly a long way from the little bookshop in the Strand. III. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Two New York Times Ads Call Millions To Action On January 18, 1970, The New York Times ran a full-page ad announcing a day of environmental action. This day, which was first named publicly in this ad, became the very first Earth Day. "On April 22 we start to reclaim the environment we have wrecked," the ad stated. "Earth Day is a commitment to make life better, not just bigger and faster. To provide real rather than rhetorical solutions... it is a day for looking beyond tomorrow. April 22 seeks a future worth living." Fifty years later, almost to the day, Earth Day Network is running another full-page ad in The New York Times, this one announcing Earth Day's 50th anniversary on April 22, 2020. The ad ran in The New York Times on Sunday, February 2, to subscribers in the United States, with digital ads running on nytimes.com through the month of February. Though today's environmental crisis—climate change—differs from the destructive pollution problem that spurred the first Earth Day, its root cause remains the same: humans. "A disease has infected our country," begins the 1970 ad. "It has brought smog to Yosemite, dumped garbage in the Hudson, sprayed DDT in our food, and left our cities in decay. Its carrier is man." To fight today's manmade crisis, we once again need people taking to the streets. Like the first ad, the February 2020 ad is a call to action for our planet. If the first Earth Day helped launch the modern environmental movement, the 50th Earth Day must launch a new era of environmentalism and mark a moment when inaction turns to action. "For the 50th anniversary of Earth Day, we need everyone participating," said Kathleen Rogers, president of Earth Day Network. "In 1970, Earth Day mobilized 20 million Americans. Today, Earth Day is global, and every nation on Earth is participating." IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 外卖骑手因交通违法导致的事故屡见不鲜。(who) 53. 鉴于他当时的情绪状态，父母不得不同意了他的选择。(choice) 54. 超过 200 场的音乐会、艺术展、摄影展让更多人切身感受到生活里的点滴美好。(allow) 55. 整栋大楼的建筑结构分为两个部分，以四楼为界，风格有所不同。(serve) V. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近收到好友 Tim 的邮件，在邮件中，他向你推荐了一个关于大学专业选择的视频，该视频制作者认为选择专业时需要更多考虑今后的就业而不是自己的兴趣。回复 Tim 一封邮件，内容须包括： 1) 你是否赞同该视频制作者的观点； 2) 你的理由。 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2023学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科4月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷　答案 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 1. that/which 2. Although/Though/While 3. The 4. produced 5. solving 6. why 7. through 8. is hoped 9. to gather 10. will allow Section B 11. D 12. H 13. I 14. F 15. K 16. J 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. G II. Reading Comprehension Section A 21. D 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. B 28. A 29. A 30. C 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. C 35. A Section B 36. D 37. B 38. A 39. B 40. C 41. B 42. A 43. B 44. C 45. C 46. B Section C 47. D 48. F 49. A 50. B III. Summary Writing 51. April 22, 1970, was the first Earth Day, announced in a New York Times ad. April 22, 2020 marked its fiftieth anniversary. Although today’s environmental problems differ from those of fifty years ago, humans are still to blame. Like the ad of 50 years ago, the new ad calls on people to take action for a better future. IV. Translation 52. Accidents caused by food delivery riders who break traffic rules are not uncommon. 53. Given his emotional state at that time, the parents had no choice but to agree to his choice. 54. Over 200 concerts, art exhibitions, and photography shows allow more people to personally experience the beauty of life. 55. With the fourth floor serving as a boundary, the entire building’s architectural structure is divided into two parts, which have different styles. V. Guided Writing 56. Dear Tim, I hope this email finds you well. Thank you for sharing the video about choosing college majors. After watching it, I find myself holding a somewhat different perspective from that of the video’s creator. First, I believe that when selecting a college major, it is essential to consider not only future career prospects but also our own interests and passions. Opting for a field solely on the basis of employment stability may leave us feeling unfulfilled and alienated in the long run. As someone who has always been passionate about the arts, choosing a major in an artistic field is my deep-seated aspiration. While it may present certain obstacles regarding career prospects, I firmly believe that with hard work and dedication, I can forge a path that corresponds to my passion and talents. Second, the world is in constant flux, and the job market of the future may undergo profound changes compared with the present. Depending exclusively on current employment trends may not provide a holistic and precise understanding of what lies ahead. It is essential to hone skills and abilities relevant to our chosen field, equipping us to adapt to future challenges and opportunities. In conclusion, I believe that when selecting a college major, we should take into account both our interests and future job prospects. By choosing a major that kindles our enthusiasm, we can attain deeper fulfillment and success on our journey ahead. Best regards, Li Ming 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $