上海复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年第二学期高二年级英语学科3月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2023学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科3月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Think or Swim When submarine crews in movies hear "Prepare to dive", they jump into action to get the submarine ready to move underwater. A new study, led by Dr J Chris McKnight of the University of St Andrews, suggests seals use a similar thought to stimulate the physiological changes 1          (need) to help them stay underwater for so long. The team studied a group of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) 2          (wear) near-infrared spectroscopy devices (近红外光谱装置), which track patterns of blood circulation. These PortaSeal wearables 3          (attach) to the animals' heads and shoulders to monitor changes in their bodies while swimming and diving. "Discovering that seals can seemingly actively control their circulatory systems 4          (be) really exciting," says McKnight. Mammals, including humans, have a range of automatic responses 5          being drowned in water, including a reduced heart rate. Marine mammals exhibit these responses particularly strongly, but we cannot see inside their bodies before and during a dive 6          (see) the extent of changes that they undergo. McKnight and his team wondered 7          near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) might provide the answer. It involves shining light (of wavelengths between 800 and 2,500 nanometres) into the subject's head and analysing the spectrum of light (光谱) 8          reflects back. 9          different molecular bonds absorb different wavelengths of light, the reflected wavelengths provide clues as to the amount of blood passing through vessels (血管) in the subject's brain and surrounding tissue. The results showed that blood redistribution in seals is under some cognitive (认知的) control. Seals also increase oxygen in their brain at 10          consistent time in each dive, despite a lack of air. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. adequate B. continentally C. dominated D. enforcement E. historically F. home G. location H. performing I. reuniting J. sought K. status Locally Extinct Rhino Is Back in Chad Pigs don't fly yet, but rhinos do. Six black rhinoceroses were flown from South Africa to Zakouma National Park in Chad last week, 11          the threatened animal with a land it has not walked on in nearly five decades. Chad is one of several African countries that have recently 12          to start their own small black rhino populations in an attempt to protect the species from extinction. It is a participant in the African Rhino Conservation Plan, which hopes to significantly grow the number of rhinos in Africa over the next five years. Up until the mid-20th century, black rhinos 13          the landscape of Chad, grazing (吃草) and attracting tourists. But they also attracted poachers, who hunted them for their horns, which are displayed as 14          symbols. The population of black rhinos is down 97.6 percent since 1960. Some estimate that as few as 5,500 are left on the continent, according to the African Wildlife Foundation. Cathy Dean, chief executive officer of Save the Rhino, an advocacy group, said six black rhinos were not significant in the context of the 5,000 or so that exist 15         . But it's a good sign that Chad has a safe place to house rhinos now. According to the African Wildlife Foundation, 98 percent of the current black rhino population exists in South Africa, Zimbabwe, Kenya and Namibia. South Africa, which is 16          to 20 percent of the rhinos, has already moved some of them to other countries, like Botswana. Zakouma National Park will be responsible for protecting the rhinos from poachers and providing them with a(n) 17          environment to live in. Transporting the animals to create a new population is a plan that can prove effective, Ms. Dean said. "Some subspecies are 18          really well, with an annual growth rate at 9 percent or even higher," she said in an email. But moving the rhinos to a place where they once were and no longer are isn't enough. The population must be managed and protected, and law 19          must play a role, Ms. Dean said. There should also be biological management, guided by effective monitoring. The rhinos cannot be dropped into a(n) 20          and expected to mate. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. No area of technology is hotter than AI, or artificial intelligence. Venture-capital investment in AI in the first nine months of 2017 totalled $7.6bn, according to PitchBook, a data provider; that compares with full-year figures of $5.4bn in 2016. At the heart of the 21          are some familiar names: the likes of Amazon, Apple, Microsoft... Several have put AI at the centre of their strategies. They see AI as a way to improve their 22          services, and to push into new areas like driverless cars. Many observers fear that, by cementing and extending the power of a handful of giants, AI will 23          competition. That will depend on two open questions. The first one is whether AI will always 24          vast amounts of data. Machines today are usually trained on huge datasets, from which they can recognise useful patterns such as illegal financial behaviours. 25          real-world data remain essential to AI, the tech superstars enjoy the biggest advantage. They have vast amounts of the stuff, and are gaining more as they push into 26          areas such as health care. A competing vision of AI stresses simulations, in which machines teach themselves using synthetic data or in virtual environments. Early versions of a program developed to play Go, an Asian board game, by DeepMind, a unit of Alphabet, were trained using data from 27          games; the latest was simply given the rules and started playing Go against itself. Within three days it had done better than its predecessor (前辈), which had itself beaten the best human player. If this approach is widely 28         , or if future AI systems can be trained using small amounts of data, the tech giants will obviously lose their advantage. The other question is how openly 29          will be shared. The tech giants' ability to employ AI expertise from universities is helped by their willingness to 30          research; Google and Facebook have opened software libraries to outside developers. But their 31          to share valuable data and algorithms are weak. Much will depend on whether there will be relevant regulations. 32         , Europe's data-protection rules that will take effect soon require firms to get approval for how they use data and to make it easier for customers to 33          their information to other providers. The battle in AI is fiercest among the tech giants. It is too early to know how good that will be for competition, but not to 34          the magic ingredient that will determine the outcome: the importance, 35          and openness of data. 21. A. craze B. battle C. system D. model 22. A. social B. existing C. technical D. demanding 23. A. reduce B. hurt C. stimulate D. face 24. A. result from B. give rise to C. depend on D. take pride in 25. A. Although B. Unless C. Until D. If 26. A. fresh B. public C. traditional D. safe 27. A. fierce B. virtual C. actual D. boring 28. A. objective B. recognisable C. subjective D. applicable 29. A. advice B. knowledge C. consequences D. questions 30. A. design B. conduct C. involve D. publish 31. A. arrangements B. inquiries C. motivations D. complaints 32. A. By all means B. In addition C. To sum up D. For example 33. A. transfer B. explain C. cause D. deny 34. A. expect B. ignore C. produce D. taste 35. A. justifiability B. capability C. accessibility D. responsibility Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Dance is increasingly being introduced to anyone who is interested for both health and recreational reasons. The National Lottery is funding courses and training, as are local authorities and regional arts associations. In addition, family doctors suggest patients take dance lessons, and young footballers are learning about rhythm and balance through hip-hop lessons. Simon Dove, the Yorkshire Dance Centre's organizer and promoter, says that attendance has doubled in the last three years. He owes this to more choice and easier access. And what a choice there is! There are 35 different lessons every week--everything from Arabic dancing to Egyptian, American tap, Asian and South African Township dance. 'People like coming here because it helps you stay fit and engages your mind, enabling you to interact with others,' Simon explains. Steven Johnson, 28, is one of the company's teachers. He goes into schools and introduces kids to jazz, street dance and hip-hop. He thinks that for the less academic, it gives them something to focus on. 'Several school teachers have reported back to me that normally difficult and disruptive children have become more manageable because of the lessons. I think it is because they have found something at school that they excel at, making them more confident. The lessons also make them more aware of their bodies and how they work.' For Flo Marsden, aged 71, her weekly dance lessons play a more social role in her life. It's the togetherness of dancing that is the best. A keep-fit class doesn't get you so involved with others. When I go out shopping I see people from the lessons and say hello. It makes you feel you are part of a community. Dance is one of the five activities the Health Education Authority is promoting in its current Active for Life campaign, and this summer saw one of the first health and dance conferences in the UK. John Dunbar, one of the speakers, says that on a fitness level, dance can be just as effective as going running, and the results were the same. People are far more likely to keep up dancing rather than a running programme, so in that way it can be more suitable. So, if you're lucky enough to have dance classes near where you live, my advice to you would be to have a go! 36. What does Simon say about the dance classes in the second paragraph? A. Some are more popular than others. B. They are the quickest way to make friends. C. They are a very sociable way to exercise. D. There is no limit to the number you can take. 37. Steve Johnson believes that dance ______. A. has grown in popularity in less academic schools B. is suitable for the less active type of child C. can be taught by ordinary school teachers D. helps children who have low self-confidence 38. Why does Flo enjoy going to dance classes? A. They have enabled her to get over her shyness. B. They provide her with a sense of belonging. C. They allow her to meet people from outside the area. D. They make her feel more relaxed than other classes. 39. According to John Dunbar, dancing ______. A. has most effect on the health of older people B. needs to be done regularly to be effective C. is much better for you than running D. motivates people more than running （B） Darius (runner) I've always been sporty, but I was best at football and athletics. When I was 14, I had a trial for a professional football club, but eventually I chose to go down the athletics route instead. My biggest moment came when I got to compete for my country in the youth team and got a medal. It didn't result in much media attention, though. I'd been hoping some sponsorship would come out of it, because the training doesn't come cheap. I train at home all winter and then go away for three weeks before the season starts. You've got to be really disciplined, though. If friends ask me to go out the night before training, I have to say no. I wish I didn't, but dedication pays in this sport. The main goal for me is to get to the next Olympics--that would be fantastic. Gabriel (surfer) The surfing community is small, so you get to meet the same guys wherever you compete. Professional surfers are very serious and often the best waves are at dawn, so if you're really going to get anywhere, you have to cut out late-night parties altogether. I don't mind that so much, but I do love having a lie-in, and I usually have to give that up too. But it's worth it, because without that kind of dedication I might not have won the National Championships last year. And, of course, the sacrifices are worth it in the long run because winning that championship meant I got picked to present a surfing series on TV. I guess I'm a bit of a star now. Dieter (yacht (帆船) racer) With five people on a boat together, you have a good laugh. We're very traditional and we always celebrate a win in great style. It's been said that we act a bit childishly when we're out, but we don't actively go looking for media coverage. Sometimes the reporters actually seem more concerned about where you go out celebrating and what you get up to there than about where you came in the race. I'm away for eight months of the year, so it's great to get back, go out with my mates from other walks of life and do the things they do. I'm known within the world of sailing, but fortunately I can count the number of times I've been recognised in the street on the fingers of one hand. I'd hate to become a star. Tomas (tennis player) It's always a great thing to walk on court and feel that the crowd's behind you. At the last competition, though, it all got a bit crazy with people crowding around. Despite that, I have to admit that I do still get excited if spotted by fans when I'm out shopping or something. It has its downside though. Tennis players have to travel quite a lot, and in the end that's why my last girlfriend and I split up, I guess. That was hard, but you've got to make sacrifices in any sport; you've got to be serious and professional. Actually, it doesn't really bother me too much. I'm satisfied to concentrate on my game now and catch up on the other things in life once I retire, because, after all, that comes pretty early in this sport. 40. Both Darius and Gabriel think that ______ plays an important role in being a professional athlete. A. relaxation B. talent C. media attention D. self-discipline 41. Which of the following athletes says he/she doesn't enjoy media attention? A. Darius B. Gabriel C. Dieter D. Tomas 42. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Dieter isn't that popular in the world of sailing. B. Gabriel won last year's National Championship. C. Darius had been a professional footballer for several years. D. Tomas doesn't like his personal life being affected by his career. （C） When you pick up your phone in the morning, you begin generating (生成) the data that make up Silicon Valley's most important resource. That, at least, is how we ought to think about the role of data-creation in the economy, according to a new economics paper. Artificial intelligence (AI) is getting better all the time, and is expected to transform a host of industries, say the authors. But in order to learn to drive a car or recognize a face, the algorithms (算法) must usually be trained on massive amounts of data. Internet firms gather these data from users every time they click on a search result, say, or issue a command to a virtual assistant, like Siri or Alexa. People "pay" for useful free services by providing firms with the data they desire. These data become part of the firms' capital, and as such, a fearsome source of competitive advantage. Would-be startups that might challenge internet giants cannot train their AIs without access to the data only those giants possess. Their best hope is often to be acquired by those very same giants, adding to the problem of uncompetitive markets. That, for now, AI's contributions to productivity growth are small, the authors say, is partly because of the free-data model, which limits the quality of data gathered. Firms trying to develop useful applications for AI must hope that the data they have are sufficient, or come up with ways to cheat users into providing them with better information at no cost. Even so, as AI improves, the amount of work made likely to be displaced by technology grows, and ever more of the value generated in the economy belongs to profitable firms rather than workers. As the authors point out, the share of GDP paid out to workers in wages and salaries--once thought to be relatively stable--has already been declining over the past few decades. To tackle these problems, they have an innovative proposal. Rather than being regarded as capital, data should be treated as labour--and, more specifically, regarded as the property of those who generate such information, unless they agree to provide it to firms in exchange for payment. In such a world, user data might be sold multiple times to multiple firms, reducing the extent to which data sets serve as barriers to entry. Payments to users for their data would help spread the wealth generated by AI. Firms could also potentially generate better data by paying. Rather than guess what a person is up to as they wander around a shopping centre, for example, firms could ask individuals to share information on which shops were visited and which items were viewed, in exchange for payment. Perhaps most ambitiously, the authors think that data labour could come to be seen as useful work, with the same sort of dignity as paid employment, a desirable side-effect in a possible future of mass automation. 43. According to the new paper, what do people pay when they get a satisfactory search result? A. The data. B. The time. C. The service. D. The command. 44. Which of the following is one of "these problems" (in paragraph 6)? A. Start-ups are struggling not to be acquired by giants. B. There is a decline in how much AI engineers earn. C. The quality of data is far from satisfactory. D. The competition for data is much too fierce. 45. Which of the following is true according to the proposal in the new paper? A. The internet industry should move faster to mass automation. B. AI firms should break the barriers to enter the industry. C. People should earn money by sharing their data. D. Data should be labelled with more properties. 46. What, in essence, does the new paper put forward? A. An attempt that can be made to gather better information at the lowest cost. B. A method by which AI firms make a profit by using data more economically. C. A perspective on the relationship between internet companies and their users. D. An approach to thinking about the role data plays in technology development. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Hubble Space Telescope (哈勃太空望远镜) A. However, Hubble is getting old, and its final scheduled service mission was completed in 2009. B. Spitzer was right. C. The huge James Webb Space Telescope is scheduled for launch in the near future. D. Instead, astronomers discovered that the expansion is not slowing down at all. It is speeding up! E. Spitzer suggested this idea in 1946 and said the telescope would not only test existing ideas, but also inspire completely new ones. F. Then what happened next? For centuries, astronomers looking at the moon, the planets, and the stars have faced a basic problem: the earth's atmosphere. Although it provides the air we breathe as well as protection from the sun, the atmosphere prevents us from seeing clearly into space even with the largest and most advanced telescopes. Then came Lyman Spitzer, an astrophysicist with a remarkable idea: put a large telescope in orbit (轨道) around the earth, outside of the earth's atmosphere. 47         . "The chief contribution of such a new and more powerful instrument," he predicted, "would be, not to help us know more about the universe we live in, but rather to uncover new phenomena not yet imagined, and perhaps to modify our basic concepts of space and time." 48         . In 1993, NASA released the first images from the Hubble telescope. Since then, scientists have used Hubble to follow the comet Shoemaker Levy 9 as it hit the giant planet Jupiter. They have produced images of the amazing and unique beauty of planetary nebulae, giant clouds of gas produced by dying stars. They have proved the existence of black holes at the centres of galaxies. And just as Spitzer imagined, Hubble led to surprising new discoveries. Astronomers once expected that gravity would slow the expansion of the universe. 49         . This groundbreaking finding won the Nobel Prize in Physics. 50         . It cannot be repaired any more by astronauts. Therefore, scientists are preparing its successor. The huge James Webb Space Telescope will take over its tasks and continue to explore the universe. III. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Intensive farming protects biodiversity A new review says that, to best conserve global biodiversity while feeding a growing human population, agriculture needs to become more intensive rather than more wildlife friendly. The review, published in the Journal of Zoology, looked at 2,500 species worldwide in a range of agricultural landscapes and found that most species fare better in 'land sparing' systems where agriculture is high-yield, intensive and restricted to a smaller area, rather than in 'land sharing' systems where the farming itself is more wildlife-friendly but needs more land to produce the same amount of food. The findings challenge the current push for wildlife-friendly agriculture. "We've paid billions for land sharing over the past 30 years in the form of agri-environment schemes," says the review's author Andrew Balmford of the University of Cambridge. "Land sparing as a strategy makes sense from a science-based perspective," says Tim Benton, director of the Environment and Society Programme at Chatham House. However, he says an increase in intensive farming would bring its own problems. "Intensification creates spill-overs due to pollution, climate change and pesticide drift, and the market creates needs to turn natural habitat into revenue-generating agriculture." According to Joanna Lewis, director of policy and strategy at the Soil Association, the world needs less intensive agriculture, not more: "Intensive farming has driven the significant declines of wildlife that we've seen over the last 50 years, so we have to move towards a system where all lands are managed in a way that restores nature. And that, she says, need not come at the expense of biodiversity: "What makes that possible is shifting towards more-sustainable diets--less meat and less food waste." IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 辩论赛虽然结束了，但我一点都没感到轻松。(far) 53. 物理学家们正在研究两种他们希望可以带来变化的设计。(work) 54. 许多读者认为这位被誉为五十年来最伟大的作家其实名不副实。(live) 55. 最初的四年对我们来说异常煎熬，我们不断犯错，也不善于向他人求助。(turn) V. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假设你是明启中学高二学生李明，你校学生会计划组织一场学生艺术作品展览，就该展览以线上形式（学校官网开辟专门区域，将学生作品拍摄成不同角度的照片后在该线上区域展出，配以声音解说）还是线下形式（学校图书馆留出专门区域，作品旁搭配文字说明）听取全校师生意见。写一封邮件给学生会相关部门，内容须包括: 1）你的选择； 2）你的理由。 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2023学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科3月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷　答案 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 1. needed 2. wearing 3. were attached 4. is 5. to 6. to see 7. if/whether 8. that 9. As 10. a Section B 11. I 12. J 13. C 14. K 15. B 16. F 17. A 18. H 19. D 20. G II. Reading Comprehension Section A 21. A 22. B 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. D 31. C 32. D 33. A 34. A 35. C Section B 36. C 37. D 38. B 39. D 40. D 41. C 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. C 46. D Section C 47. E 48. B 49. D 50. A III. Summary Writing 51. A new review argues that intensive, high-yield farming restricted to smaller areas (land sparing) better conserves global biodiversity than wildlife-friendly farming. However, scientists warn that intensification creates pollution spillovers and causes wildlife decline. To restore nature effectively, experts advocate shifting towards sustainable diets with less meat and less food waste. IV. Translation 52. I am far from relaxed although the debate competition is over. 53. The physicists are working on two designs that they hope will make a difference. 54. Many readers think that the writer, who is called the greatest one in the past five decades, doesn’t live up to his reputation. 55. The first four years were extremely hard for us, as we kept making mistakes and were not good at turning to others. V. Guided Writing 56. Dear Student Council Members, I am writing to express my opinion on the upcoming student art exhibition. I believe it should be held online rather than offline. Firstly, an online exhibition allows for greater accessibility. Students, teachers, and parents can view the art pieces anytime and anywhere with internet access, so more people can appreciate our fellow students' hard work and creativity. Secondly, going digital provides more room for creativity. We can create an interactive experience for viewers, such as adding sound effects or music to the art pieces, which enhances the visual impact and stimulates the viewers' senses. Lastly, an online exhibition is more cost-effective and eco-friendly. We do not need to print flyers or set up physical spaces, which saves resources and reduces waste. Therefore, I strongly suggest that the student art exhibition be held online. I hope my opinion can be taken into consideration. Sincerely, Li Ming 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $