精品解析：上海复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年第二学期高二年级英语学科5月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试题
切换试卷
切换试卷
|
2份
|
34页
|
36人阅读
|
2人下载
内容正文：
复旦大学附属中学2025学年第二学期
高二年级英语学科5月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷
I. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Vision of Hope
Molly Burke was not born blind. She started losing her sight when she was four years old. Doctors said that she had a rare eye disease that ____1____ (take) away her vision gradually. In first grade, she learned to read Braille (布莱叶盲文), although she could still see. Life was pretty normal for the next few years. However, in seventh grade, things got worse. Black turned to grey. Yellow turned to white. Soon, Molly couldn’t see the blackboard. “I just started to cry,” remembers Molly. Her parents told her everything would be OK.
“But I knew it wouldn’t.” As her vision faded, Molly started using a stick to help her walk. This embarrassed her friends, and people stopped ____2____ (invite) her to do things. Then the bullying began. Molly once broke her ankle and had to use crutches (拐杖) to help her walk. A group of girls-girls ____3____ were once her friends — committed a terrible act of bullying. They were usually responsible for walking Molly to the cafeteria. Instead, they took ____4____ blind 14-year-old outside and ran away. “I was alone,” remembers Molly.“I couldn’t see. I couldn’t walk.”
Luckily, Molly had her cell phone and was able to call her mother for help. After she finished high school, Molly thought about ____5____ she wanted her future to be like before going to college. Her brother was working in a children’s home in Africa, and she wanted to do something that would be ____6____ help to others, too. Then, she found out about Me to We, an organization ____7____ (establish) to help people through volunteering and developing leadership skills. She joined the organization on a youth trip to Kenya to help build a school.
While there, she spoke at a local girls’ school. Molly now knew what should ____8____ (do) next — to be one of the motivational speakers at Me to We. Molly has been speaking to schools all over the United States and Canada about bullying. Her advice? Be strong ____9____ happens! During a speech in Toronto, she spoke to about 20,000 people. They stood up and clapped wildly after her speech. Her father said, “Molly has a real ability ____10____ (inspire) people and help others who are going through something, whether it’s a disability, or bullying, or a different set of challenges.”
【答案】1. would take
2. inviting
3. who 4. the
5. what 6. of
7. established
8. be done 9. whatever
10. to inspire
【解析】
【导语】文章讲述了Molly因病失明遭受霸凌，但她没有消沉，加入公益组织，成为励志演讲者，鼓励遭遇困境的人们。
【1题详解】
考查时态。句意：医生说她患有一种罕见眼病，这种病会逐渐夺走她的视力。此处主句为一般过去时，从句表达从过去视角看将来会发生的动作，用过去将来时，所以应填would take。
【2题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这让她的朋友们感到尴尬，大家不再邀请她一起活动。此处考查stop doing sth，表示“停止做某事”，所以应用动名词inviting作宾语。
【3题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：一群女孩——那些曾经是她朋友的女孩，实施了恶劣的霸凌行为。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词girls，指人，在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导。
【4题详解】
考查冠词。句意：相反，她们把这个失明的14岁女孩带到外面然后跑掉。此处特指上文提到的Molly，用定冠词the。
【5题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：高中毕业后，在上大学之前，莫莉思考自己想要什么样的未来。此处为宾语从句，从句中be like缺少宾语，表示“什么”，用连接代词what引导。
【6题详解】
考查介词。句意：她的哥哥在非洲一家儿童之家工作，她也想做一些对别人有帮助的事。此处考查固定结构be of help，等于be helpful。
【7题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，她了解到“Me to We”，这是一个通过志愿活动和培养领导能力来帮助人们的组织。此处为非谓语，organization和establish是被动关系，用过去分词established作后置定语。
【8题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：莫莉此时清楚接下来应该做什么——成为Me to We励志演讲者中的一员。此处为谓语动词，what和do是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done。
【9题详解】
考查让步状语从句。句意：无论发生什么，都要坚强！此处应用whatever引导让步状语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“无论什么”，符合语境。
【10题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：她的父亲说：“莫莉真的有能力鼓舞他人，并且帮助那些正经历困境的人，无论是身患残疾、遭受欺凌，还是面临别的种种难题。” 此处考查固定搭配ability to do sth“做某事的能力”，不定式作后置定语，所以应填to inspire。
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. active B. challenges C. drowned D. endure E. founded F. matches G. old-fashioned H. philosophy I. purify J. tested K. time-consuming
Survival School
Southern Utah in the United States is a land of extremes. The normally dry desert is occasionally ____11____ in summer rainstorms. The days are very hot and the nights very cold. It is also a beautiful place with a long history of human habitation. Perhaps it’s no surprise that modern outdoor adventurers come to southern Utah to go hiking, camping, and horseback riding in the area’s national forests, or to see the fantastic rock formations in Bryce Canyon National Park.
What might surprise you is that some of the adventurers choose to spend their time outdoors with little food or water and no modern camping equipment. Instead, they’re learning to live in the wilderness in the ____12____ way. The Boulder Outdoor Survival School (BOSS), ____13____ in 1968, is the world’s oldest survival school. With its ____14____ of “Know more; carry less”, BOSS teaches its students techniques for surviving outdoors without tents, backpacks, or sleeping bags. Participants learn to make shelters from leaves or snow, to find and ____15____ water for drinking, and to eat what they can find in the wild.
The students and instructors end their day around a crackling campfire, but the fire is made using stones and brush from the area, not ____16____. The school’s courses are not for everyone. Students must arrive in excellent physical health in order to ____17____ hikes of up to 30 miles through Utah’s deserts and canyons. They must be ____18____ learners because they’ll need all the skills the BOSS instructors teach them in order to survive a field course, which can last from one week to one month.
The field course also includes “solo” time, when students are ____19____ in a very real way on everything they’ve learned. For the people who take BOSS’s courses, there is nothing better. If they wanted to spend time outdoors in comfort, they would pack their camping equipment and perhaps their GPS system and join the rest of Utah’s outdoor enthusiasts. Instead, these campers love the way BOSS _____20_____ their minds and bodies. And the confidence they gain from knowing how to survive without a lot of technology is the reward these brave people are looking for.
【答案】11. C 12. G
13. E 14. H
15. I 16. F
17. D 18. A
19. J 20. B
【解析】
【导语】文章主要说明了美国犹他州南部的老牌野外生存学校BOSS，秉持少装备多学识的理念，开设艰苦野外课程，学员学习原始生存技能，在挑战中检验所学、收获自信。
【11题详解】
考查动词。句意：这片通常干旱的沙漠偶尔会被夏季暴雨淹没。空处和is构成被动语态，结合“summer rainstorms”可知，drowned“淹没”符合语境。
【12题详解】
考查形容词。句意：相反，他们正学习用老式的方式在野外生存。空后是名词way，需要形容词修饰，结合“little food or water and no modern camping equipment”可知，old-fashioned“老式的”符合语境。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：博尔德野外生存学校（BOSS）建于1968年，是世界上历史最悠久的生存学校。此处为过去分词作后置定语，结合“in 1968”和“is the world’s oldest survival school”可知，founded“建立”符合语境。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：秉持“懂得更多，携带更少”这一理念，BOSS教学生在没有帐篷、背包或睡袋的情况下户外生存的技能。空前its是形容词性物主代词，后接名词，后文“Know more; carry less”是办学理念，philosophy“理念，哲学”符合语境。
【15题详解】
考查动词。句意：参与者学习用树叶或雪搭建庇护所，寻找并净化饮用水，食用野外能找到的东西。and连接并列动词，和find并列，结合“water for drinking”可知，purify“净化”符合语境。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：师生们在噼啪作响的篝火旁结束一天，但火堆是用当地的石头和灌木枝生起来的，而非火柴。空前not表示否定，结合上文“a crackling campfire, but the fire is made using stones”可知是在生火，matches“火柴”符合语境。
【17题详解】
考查动词。句意：学生必须身体状况极佳，才能忍受在犹他州沙漠和峡谷中长达30英里的徒步。in order to后接动词原形，结合后文“hikes of up to 30 miles through Utah’s deserts and canyons”可知，指忍受长途徒步的艰苦，endure“忍受，经受”符合语境。
【18题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他们必须是主动的学习者，因为他们需要掌握BOSS教官教授的全部技能，才能完成持续一周到一个月的野外课程。根据后文“because they’ll need all the skills the BOSS instructors teach them”以及空后是名词learners，需要形容词修饰，active“积极主动的”符合语境。
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：野外课程包含“独处”时段，此时学生所学的所有知识会受到非常真实的检验。此处为被动语态，结合“on everything they’ve learned”可知，tested“检验，测试”符合语境。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：相反，这些露营者喜爱BOSS挑战他们身心的方式。结合后文“And the confidence they gain from knowing how to survive without a lot of technology is the reward these brave people are looking for.”提到依靠技能生存、收获自信可知，空处为定语从句的谓语动词，主语BOSS为第三人称单数，结合语境可知challenges“挑战”符合语境。
II. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
People often praise the virtue of honesty. However, total absolute honesty is not always wise in real-life social situations. White lies, or harmless untruths, are commonly used by people to ____21____ other people’s feelings and keep harmonious relationships. Psychologists point out that most white lies are told out of ____22____, rather than out of selfish purposes. For example, when your friend shows you his newly painted picture which is not really goodlooking, you may tell him it looks wonderful. You are not trying to ____23____ him; you just want to encourage him and avoid hurting his self-confidence. Nevertheless, white lies can bring hidden risks.
Once people get ____24____ to telling small untruths, they may gradually cross the boundary and tell bigger lies. A small white-lie habit may ____25____ people’s moral standards little by little. Besides, white-lies may be ____26____ if the truth finally comes out. If your friend later finds out you have been praising his painting out of politeness, he may feel more ____27____ than if you had told the gentle truth in the first place. Then how should we ____28____ between being honest and telling white lies? There is no universal rule. We need to judge each specific ____29____ carefully.
We should think about what the long-term influence will be. If the truth will cause unnecessary pain and brings no ____30____ benefit, a gentle white-lie might be acceptable. But if important interests or safety are involved, complete honesty must ____31____. Some people argue that we should always stick to absolute honesty, and that true friendship should ____32____ the truth no matter how unpleasant it is. However, absolute honesty may ____33____ the possibility of maintaining social bonds. The skill of social communication lies not in always telling the truth, but in knowing ____34____ to tell the truth and how to deliver it in a ____35____ and thoughtful way.
21. A. injure B. protect C. arouse D. express
22. A. consideration B. curiosity C. ambition D. hesitation
23. A. deceive B. cheat C. abandon D. tease
24. A. devoted B. exposed C. accustomed D. addicted
25. A. raise B. lift C. lower D. erode
26. A. risky B. rewarding C. backfiring D. convincing
27. A. relieved B. offended C. inspired D. relaxed
28. A. distinguish B. compromise C. switch D. hesitate
29. A. theory B. phenomenon C. situation D. principle
30. A. long-term B. potential C. immediate D. practical
31. A. apply B. survive C. dominate D. prevail
32. A. reject B. tolerate C. bear D. overlook
33. A. rule out B. take over C. bring about D. wipe out
34. A. whether B. why C. when D. where
35. A. frank B. gentle C. firm D. direct
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. D 32. C 33. A 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【导语】文章探讨善意谎言的利弊，分享社交中平衡诚实与善意谎言的实用社交原则。
【21题详解】
考查动词。句意：善意谎言也就是无害的假话，常被人们用来保护他人的感受，维系和谐的人际关系。A. injure伤害；B. protect保护；C. arouse唤起；D. express表达。根据上文“White lies, or harmless untruths, are commonly used by people to”和下文“other people’s feelings and keep harmonious relationships”可知，善意谎言的核心初衷就是避免他人受伤，保护对方的情绪感受。
【22题详解】
考查名词。句意：心理学家指出，大多数善意谎言都是出于体贴关怀，而非出于自私的目的。A. consideration体贴、关怀；B. curiosity好奇；C. ambition野心；D. hesitation犹豫。根据下文“rather than out of selfish purposes”可知，下文明确对比了“而非出于自私”，对应善意谎言的出发点是替他人着想的体贴。
【23题详解】
考查动词。句意：你并不是试图欺骗他，你只是想鼓励他，避免打击他的自信心。A. deceive欺骗（蓄意误导）；B. cheat欺骗；C. abandon抛弃；D. tease戏弄。根据上文“For example, when your friend shows you his newly painted picture which is not really goodlooking, you may tell him it looks wonderful. You are not trying to”和下文“you just want to encourage him and avoid hurting his self-confidence”可知，夸赞朋友的画作，并非出于恶意的刻意欺骗、蓄意误导，只是想鼓励他，避免打击他的自信心。deceive侧重刻意使人形成错误认知。
【24题详解】
考查形容词。句意：一旦人们习惯于说无伤大雅的小谎话，就会逐渐突破底线，说出更严重的谎言。A. devoted投入的；B. exposed暴露的；C. accustomed习惯的；D. addicted上瘾的。根据下文“to telling small untruths, they may gradually cross the boundary and tell bigger lies”可知，习惯于说小谎言逐步会导致说出更严重的谎言。
【25题详解】
考查动词。句意：小小的善意谎言习惯，会一点点侵蚀人们的道德标准。A. raise提升；B. lift抬高；C. lower降低；D. erode侵蚀。根据下文“people’s moral standards little by little”可知，长期说谎的习惯会逐步消磨、侵蚀人的道德底线，erode精准体现出缓慢腐蚀的过程。
【26题详解】
考查形容词。句意：此外，如果真相最终败露，善意谎言可能会适得其反。A. risky有风险的；B. rewarding有回报的；C. backfiring事与愿违、适得其反的；D. convincing有说服力的。根据下文“if the truth finally comes out. If your friend later finds out you have been praising his painting out of politeness, he may feel more ______ than if you had told the gentle truth in the first place”可知，下文提到真相暴露后对方反而更受伤，说明原本的善意谎言最终起到了反效果。
【27题详解】
考查形容词。句意：如果你的朋友后来发现你夸赞他的画作只是出于礼貌，他可能会比你一开始就委婉说出真相时感受到更强烈的冒犯。A. relieved释然的；B. offended被冒犯的；C. inspired受鼓舞的；D. relaxed放松的。根据上文“If your friend later finds out you have been praising his painting out of politeness, he may feel more”和下文“than if you had told the gentle truth in the first place”可知，原本出于善意的谎言被戳穿后，朋友会觉得自己被敷衍，内心感受到冒犯。
【28题详解】
考查动词。句意：那么我们该如何区分保持诚实和说善意谎言的边界呢？A. distinguish区分；B. compromise妥协；C. switch切换；D. hesitate犹豫。根据下文“between being honest and telling white lies? There is no universal rule. We need to judge each specific ______ carefully.”可知，下文提到没有通用规则，需要具体情况具体判断，此处核心是要分清诚实和善意谎言的边界。
【29题详解】
考查名词。句意：不存在通用的规则，我们需要仔细判断每一个具体的场景情况。A. theory理论；B. phenomenon现象；C. situation场景、情况；D. principle原则。根据下文“Then how should we ______ between being honest and telling white lies? There is no universal rule. We need to judge each specific”可知，前文说没有通用标准，对应要针对每一个具体的社交场景做出判断。
【30题详解】
考查形容词。句意：如果说出真相只会带来不必要的痛苦，且没有任何实际的益处，那么一个温和的善意谎言或许是可以接受的。A. long-term长期的；B. potential潜在的；C. immediate即时的；D. practical实际的。根据上文“If the truth will cause unnecessary pain and brings no”和下文“benefit, a gentle white-lie might be acceptable”可知，如果真相只会带来不必要的痛苦，并且没有实际的益处，一个温和的善意谎言或许是可以接受的。
【31题详解】
考查动词。句意：但如果涉及重要的利益或人身安全，绝对的诚实就必须占据上风。A. apply适用；B. survive存活；C. dominate主导；D. prevail占上风、胜出。根据上文“But if important interests or safety are involved, complete honesty must”可知，在涉及核心利益和安全的场景里，诚实必须成为首要原则，prevail体现出诚实最终占据主导的状态。
【32题详解】
考查动词。句意：有些人主张我们应该永远坚守绝对诚实，真正的友谊应该能承受哪怕听起来不那么愉快的真相。A. reject拒绝；B. tolerate容忍；C. bear承受、忍受；D. overlook忽视。根据上文“Some people argue that we should always stick to absolute honesty, and that true friendship should”和下文“the truth no matter how unpleasant it is”可知，真正的友谊应当承受真相，无论它多么令人不快。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：然而，绝对的诚实可能会彻底排除维系社交联结的可能性。A. rule out排除；B. take over接管；C. bring about引发；D. wipe out彻底消灭。根据下文“the possibility of maintaining social bonds. The skill of social communication lies not in always telling the truth”可知，社交沟通的技巧不在于永远说真话，不分场合的绝对诚实，会直接切断维系社交关系的可能。
【34题详解】
考查特殊疑问词。句意：社交沟通的技巧不在于永远说真话，而在于清楚知道什么时候该说真话，以及如何用温和体贴的方式把它表达出来。A. whether是否；B. why为什么；C. when什么时候；D. where哪里。根据上文“The skill of social communication lies not in always telling the truth, but in knowing”和下文“to tell the truth and how to deliver it in a _____ and thoughtful way”可知，此处讨论的是社交沟通的技巧，判断说真话的时机很重要。
【35题详解】
考查形容词。句意：社交沟通的技巧不在于永远说真话，而在于清楚知道什么时候该说真话，以及如何用温和体贴的方式把它表达出来。A. frank坦率的；B. gentle温和的；C. firm坚定的；D. direct直接的。根据上文“The skill of social communication lies not in always telling the truth, but in knowing _______ to tell the truth and how to deliver it in a”和下文“and thoughtful way”可知，全文多次提到要避免伤害他人感受，社交沟通的技巧也在于说出真相时要采用温和、不伤人的方式。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
You were interested in how your face and hair looked. We were interested in honesty, courage and lack of self-consciousness. And on Monday our mutual concerns met. A group of judges that included a professor of drawing, Stephen Farthing; the Turner Prize-winning artist Grayson Perry; and myself, an art critic, assembled to assess the entries for the Tate Times Drawing Challenge. The competition invited anyone from 1 to 18 to pick up their pencils and submit (递交) a self-portrait, the best of which would be displayed in the Tate. There were more than 1,000 entries. A self-portrait can be about honesty. But equally, it can be all about ways of deceiving.
Artists can rival actors when it comes to making themselves look better. Think of the difference between that public face that you practise in the mirror and that embarrassing grimace (鬼脸) in the camera snap. The construction of an image involves dozens of decisions. To study a self-portrait is to understand how an artist wants to be seen. In the case of young people, it would seem that for every pretty-faced teenager who would like to imagine themselves as some soft-focus fashion model, there is another who is keen for the world to know that they are alone and misunderstood in their rooms.
Despite all the worst intentions, a self-portrait reveals how its sitter sees the world. The judges were looking for a vision that seemed enlivening or truthful, courageous or unselfconsciously fresh. There were pictures of young people doing anything from brushing their teeth, to wearing funny hats, to listening to iPods. But the most interesting images were less self-consciously presented: it was as if the sitters had been caught unprepared. The judges tended to prefer the pictures in which the artist had really tried to look in a mirror rather than copy the surface of a photograph.
The best images, says Stephen Farthing, professor of drawing at University of the Arts, London, ‘are those done by someone who has spent time drawing from life, not just trying to make pictures that look as if they are finished. The imperfections are where the subconscious leaks out,’ Grayson Perry says. It was notable how many entrants mapped out the spots on their faces. Clearly this matters a lot to a teenager. Hair was another obsession, though several got so caught up that their images were more like advertisements for L’Oréal. They weren’t worth it. Most judges preferred the bad-hair days of entrants such as 13-year-old Daniel Adkins, in whose self-portrait the hair took on a character all of its own.
36. In the first paragraph, the writer says the judges discovered that ______.
A. they shared the same objectives as the competitors
B. both entrants and judges were equally satisfied with the results
C. the entrants’ and the judges’ differing objectives were achieved
D. the winning entries combined good looks with other positive qualities
37. According to the writer, what do all self-portraits have in common?
A. They show exactly what the artist sees in the mirror.
B. They reflect the artist’s attitudes and concerns.
C. They are used to improve the artist’s image.
D. They deceive both the artist and the viewer.
38. What kind of pictures did the judges tend to prefer?
A. The ones that were perfect.
B. The ones that were more honest.
C. The ones that were more ridiculous.
D. The ones that showed more self-awareness.
39. How does the writer feel about the way competitors drew their hair?
A. It was more attractive than their spots.
B. It suited them better when it was untidy.
C. It deserved more attention from the artists.
D. It took up too much time for some artists.
【答案】36. C 37. B 38. B 39. D
【解析】
【导语】本文围绕Tate Times自画像绘画比赛展开，介绍评委评判标准，探讨自画像的意义，强调真诚、真实的表达比刻意美化外表更重要。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“You were interested in how your face and hair looked. We were interested in honesty, courage and lack of self-consciousness. And on Monday our mutual concerns met. (你们关注自己的容貌发型，我们看重真诚、勇气与自然率真。周一，我们双方关注的点交汇在了一起。)”可知，mutual concerns met是指双方各自关注的点都得到了体现，也就是参赛者和评委不同的诉求都达成了。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“To study a self-portrait is to understand how an artist wants to be seen. (研究一幅自画像就是去了解这位艺术家希望他人如何看待自己)”以及第三段“Despite all the worst intentions, a self-portrait reveals how its sitter sees the world. (即便创作者有意美化，自画像依然能展现作画者看待世界的方式。)”可知，所有自画像的共通点是它们都能反映出艺术家的态度与关注点。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The judges were looking for a vision that seemed enlivening or truthful, courageous or unselfconsciously fresh (评委想要看到富有活力、真实坦诚、勇敢大胆或是浑然天成、毫不刻意的画面。)”以及“The judges tended to prefer the pictures in which the artist had really tried to look in a mirror rather than copy the surface of a photograph. (评委往往更青睐创作者真正对着镜子观察自己画出的作品，而非只是复刻照片的外在表象。)”可知，评委往往更青睐真诚写实的作品。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Hair was another obsession, though several got so caught up that their images were more like advertisements for L’Oréal. They weren’t worth it.(头发是选手们的另一个执念，有一些选手过度投入在头发的绘制上，画出来像欧莱雅广告。这样的创作是不值得的。)”可知，作者用这种略带调侃的语气，说明这些孩子花在画头发上的精力有些过度。
(B)
In our globalized world, we often take it for granted that the things that surround us are universal, sensible and normal. So when we travel or live abroad and discover new objects — or the absence of ones we expected to find — it can be surprising.
IN-HA, SOUTH KOREA
I’ve more or less got used to most of the odd things I’ve encountered in Britain-the houses that are old and draughty, the fitted carpets on the stairs and even in the bathrooms; the presence of kettles and toasters in every single kitchen. One thing I still struggle to understand, though, is why so many places still have separate hot and cold taps at the sink rather than a mixer tap.
It’s much better with a mixer tap because you can wash with running water.
JIM, NORTHERN IRELAND
There are loads of things I’ve noticed here in Spain that are different to back home. For example, in Belfast I used to live in a basement flat, which people here find really weird as basements are mainly used for storing things! Then there’s all the kitchen equipment: we’ve got a jamonero, which is a kind of clamp that holds meat in place while you slice it and a paellera, which is this flat, round, shallow pan with two handles for cooking paella (西班牙海鲜饭) in.
A lot of the time, folk cook on gas burners to ensure the heat is evenly distributed, so of course we have one of those as well.
KASIA, POLAND
I’m Polish, my husband is Brazilian and we met in Sweden! We’ve been living in his hometown of Belo Horizonte for the last four years now and life is different here. For example, back in Lublin, I used to love soaking in a nice hot bath, but here we don’t even have a tub! It’s much more of a shower culture here-usually both before and after work as it’s so hot and wet. Oh, and I mustn’t forget that must-have in Brazilian kitchens: the pressure cooker.
We use ours all the time, especially when cooking black beans-feijao.
ED, CANADA
I spent two years living and working in Qingdao, on the east coast of China, and found the homes there quite fascinating. Most people I knew there live in apartments in high-rise blocks and though they do have some modern appliances, dryers were unusual and you’d often see washing hung out to dry on the balconies. My place didn’t have an oven either, which somewhat reduced the scope of my cooking. Though I got pretty good at using a wok — a big, round Chinese frying pan on just a single gas ring.
40. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. Overseas Study
B. Foreign Objects
C. Global Travelling
D. Unusual Cooking
41. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. British people like mixer taps more than separate ones.
B. Spanish people think it is all right to live in basements.
C. Brazilian people prefer showers to hot baths.
D. Chinese people enjoy cooking food in ovens.
42. All of the four people mention ______.
A. kitchen appliances
B. cleaning appliances
C. climate control appliances
D. entertainment appliances
【答案】40. B 41. C 42. A
【解析】
【导语】文章主要讲述四位来自不同国家的人分享在海外生活时见到的不一样的家居物品与生活习惯。
【40题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“So when we travel or live abroad and discover new objects — or the absence of ones we expected to find — it can be surprising.(所以当我们出国旅行或生活，发现陌生物品，或是找不到预想中的东西时，会感到很惊奇。)”可知，全文围绕各国不同的家居物品展开。“Foreign Objects(异域物件)”符合题意。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据KASIA, POLAND部分中“For example, back in Lublin, I used to love soaking in a nice hot bath, but here we don’t even have a tub! It’s much more of a shower culture here-usually both before and after work as it’s so hot and wet.(比如，以前在卢布林，我很喜欢泡热水澡，但这里连浴缸都没有！这里盛行淋浴文化，因为气候湿热，人们上下班前后常会淋浴。)”可知，巴西人比起泡澡更喜欢淋浴。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据IN-HA, SOUTH KOREA部分中“It’s much better with a mixer tap because you can wash with running water.(混合龙头要好得多，你可以直接用调好了温度的流水清洗。)”、JIM, NORTHERN IRELAND部分中“A lot of the time, folk cook on gas burners to ensure the heat is evenly distributed, so of course we have one of those as well.(当地人大多用燃气灶烹饪，保证受热均匀，所以我们家当然也有一个。)”、KASIA, POLAND部分中“Oh, and I mustn’t forget that must-have in Brazilian kitchens: the pressure cooker.(对了，还有巴西厨房必备好物：高压锅。)”、ED, CANADA部分中“Most people I knew there live in apartments in high-rise blocks and though they do have some modern appliances, dryers were unusual and you’d often see washing hung out to dry on the balconies. My place didn’t have an oven either, which somewhat reduced the scope of my cooking. though I got pretty good at using a wok-a big, round Chinese frying pan on just a single gas ring.(我认识的当地人大多住在高层公寓里，虽然也有一些现代化家电，但烘干机并不常见，经常能看到人们把衣物挂在阳台上晾晒。我住的地方也没有烤箱，这在一定程度上限制了我能做的菜，不过我倒是很会用炒锅 —— 那种大大的圆形中式煎锅，只用一个燃气灶灶头就能做菜。)”可知，都提到了厨房用具。
(C)
The human sense of smell is weaker than sight. And the relative weakness of smell extends to language, too. Humans have no difficulty putting names to colours but are bad at putting names to odours (气味). Some people suggest it is very likely a consequence of the tendency of languages to contain words useful to their speakers. A study by Asifa Majid at Radboud University in the Netherlands supports this.
Dr Majid knew from previous work she had done that the Jahai, a group of hunter-gatherers who live in western Malaysia, are remarkably good at naming odours. For example, when she asked some Jahai, and also a comparable group of American volunteers, to name colours and odours they were presented with, the Americans generally agreed with one another when it came to naming colours but agreed much less when putting names to odours. Jahai answers, in contrast, were in equal agreement about both odours and colours. Dr Majid suggested that it might, in part, be because the Jahai have a dozen words dedicated to describing different sorts of smells in the abstract.
To test how important someone’s way of life is to his or her use of abstract words for smells, Dr Majid looked at how two other groups of people used terms for colours and odours. These were the Semaq Beri, who also hunt and gather for a living, and the Semelai, who cultivate rice. Crucially, although these two peoples make their livings in different ways, their languages are closely related and they both live in the rainforest.
Dr Majid asked 20 Semaq Beri and 21 Semelai to name odours and colours presented to them at random. The colours were on 80 differently colored cards; the odours on 16 variously scented (有香味的) sticks.
The researcher found that the Semaq Beri used abstract terms for odours 85% of the time — about as often as they did for colours, which was 80%. The Semelai also used abstract colour descriptions at a similar rate, namely 78% of the time. But when it came to describing odours they relied on abstraction on only 44% of occasions, while resorting to analogies, such as “banana-like” and “chocolate-like”, 56% of the time. Moreover, as with Dr Majid’s earlier study with the Jahai, the Semaq Beri more frequently agreed with one another about naming odours than did the Semelai.
Given these findings, Dr Majid argues that it is the hunting-and-gathering way of life, rather than the use of a particular language, that is crucial to applying abstract names to odours. The business of surviving by eating what the forest has to offer requires more use of the nose than is needed for farming.
43. What does the pronoun “this” (in the last sentence of paragraph 1) refer to?
A. More words should be coined to name odours.
B. Human beings have a weaker sense of smell than sight.
C. Languages tend to contain fewer words unrelated to culture.
D. As smells matter little, most languages have few words for them.
44. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that the Americans agreed less on the names of odours partly because ________.
A. they had not been given proper training before the test
B. colours are in most cases easier to tell apart than odours
C. there are not many English words distinctively for odours
D. they were too sensitive to odours to name them correctly
45. What can be learned about the Semaq Beri and the Semelai concerning their performance in the study?
A. The former used fewer terms for odours than for colours.
B. The latter often turned to other items to describe odours precisely.
C. The former seldom agreed with each other about naming odours.
D. The latter revealed a less advanced language system.
46. What is the conclusion that Dr Majid drew from her research involving the Semaq Beri and the Semelai?
A. The use of abstract terms for odours is related to people’s lifestyle.
B. Living in the forest requires more use of the nose than living on the farm.
C. The business of surviving varies greatly from one tribe to another.
D. It is people’s way of life that decide what language they speak.
【答案】43. D 44. C 45. B 46. A
【解析】
【导语】文章介绍了一项研究表明，不同人群对气味的命名方式差异与他们的生活方式密切相关，而非语言本身。狩猎采集者更倾向于使用抽象词汇描述气味，而农耕者则更多依赖类比。
【43题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段中“The human sense of smell is weaker than sight. And the relative weakness of smell extends to language, too. Humans have no difficulty putting names to colours but are bad at putting names to odours (气味). Some people suggest it is very likely a consequence of the tendency of languages to contain words useful to their speakers. A study by Asifa Majid at Radboud University in the Netherlands supports this. (人类的嗅觉不如视觉灵敏。而嗅觉这种相对弱势的特点，也体现在语言层面。人类可以轻松给色彩命名，却不擅长给气味命名。有些人认为，这很可能是由于语言倾向于包含对使用者有用的词语所致。荷兰拉德堡德大学的Asifa Majid的一项研究支持了这一观点。)”可知，代词this指的是前面提到的“语言倾向于包含对使用者有用的词语”的观点，即由于气味不重要，大多数语言中很少有用于描述气味的词语。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“the Americans generally agreed with one another when it came to naming colours but agreed much less when putting names to odours. Jahai answers, in contrast, were in equal agreement about both odours and colours. Dr Majid suggested that it might, in part, be because the Jahai have a dozen words dedicated to describing different sorts of smells in the abstract. (美国人在命名颜色方面通常能相互达成一致，但在给气味命名时，一致性则要低得多。相比之下，Jahai人的回答在颜色和气味方面都表现出同等程度的一致性。Majid博士认为，这可能部分是因为Jahai人拥有十几个专门用于抽象描述不同种类气味的词语。)”可推知，美国人在命名气味时一致性低得多，是因为不同于Jahai人所用的语言，英语中缺乏专门描述气味的词语。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“But when it came to describing odours they relied on abstraction on only 44% of occasions, while resorting to analogies, such as “banana-like” and “chocolate-like”, 56% of the time. (但在描述气味时，他们仅在44%的情况下依赖抽象词汇，而在56%的情况下求助于类比，例如“像香蕉一样”和“像巧克力一样”。)”可知，Semelai人通常借助其他事物来精确描述气味。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Given these findings, Dr Majid argues that it is the hunting-and-gathering way of life, rather than the use of a particular language, that is crucial to applying abstract names to odours. (鉴于这些发现，Majid博士认为，是狩猎和采集的生活方式，而不是特定语言的使用，对应用抽象名称描述气味至关重要。)”可知，Majid博士的结论是“使用抽象术语描述气味与人们的生活方式有关”。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
I have a nonprofit called Pet Peace of Mind, and Scamp is my emotional support animal. ____47____ He’s also my office mate. ____48____ At first, I thought I was going to have to put him in a crate, but he just curled up under my desk and went to sleep. Now he’s there every day, and everyone loves him. What kind of work does he do? He helps me with my nonprofit. ____49____ When I’m stressed, he puts his head on my lap. When I’m sad, he licks my tears. He’s a great listener. What do you do for fun together? We go to the dog park, we go for walks, and we go to the beach. ____50____ He loves the water, and he loves to chase balls. He’s a lot of fun. What’s the best part about having Scamp? He’s my best friend. He’s always there for me, and he always makes me laugh. I don’t know what I’d do without him.
A. It’s a little embarrassing, but I do it.
B. I started taking him to the office when he was 4 months old.
C. Scamp is a certified emotional support animal.
D. Scamp is a therapy dog.
E. I think he’s the best dog in the world.
F. I was going through a divorce, and I was very sick.
【答案】47. F 48. B 49. D 50. E
【解析】
【导语】本文讲述作者的公益组织与情感支持犬Scamp的故事，介绍它陪伴作者、在办公室相伴并提供情绪慰藉的日常。
【47题详解】
由上文“I have a nonprofit called Pet Peace of Mind, and Scamp is my emotional support animal.(我有一个公益组织叫Pet Peace of Mind，Scamp是我的情感支持动物。)” 可知，前文引出Scamp是情感支持犬，空格处交代当初饲养它的背景原因。F项“I was going through a divorce, and I was very sick.(我当时正在经历离婚，身体状况很差。)” 符合语境，解释为什么需要情感支持犬，起到承上作用。
【48题详解】
由下文“At first, I thought I was going to have to put him in a crate, but he just curled up under my desk and went to sleep.(一开始我以为得把它放进笼子里，但它只是蜷在我的桌子底下睡着了。)” 可知，下文描述狗狗刚来办公室的情景，空格应引出带狗狗去办公室这件事。B项“I started taking him to the office when he was 4 months old.(它四个月大的时候，我就开始带它去办公室。)” 符合语境，引出后文在办公室的经历。
【49题详解】
由下文 “When I’m stressed, he puts his head on my lap. When I’m sad, he licks my tears.(当我压力大时，它把头放在我腿上；我难过时，它舔掉我的眼泪。)” 可知，狗狗可以安抚人的情绪，属于治疗犬。D项“Scamp is a therapy dog.(Scamp是一只治疗犬。)” 符合语境，总领下文情绪陪伴的内容。
【50题详解】
由上文“What do you do for fun together? We go to the dog park, we go for walks, and we go to the beach.(你们一起做什么休闲活动？我们去狗狗公园、散步、去海边。)” 以及下文“He loves the water, and he loves to chase balls. He’s a lot of fun.(它喜欢水，喜欢追球，十分有趣。)” 可知，空格处表达作者对狗狗的喜爱评价。E项“I think he’s the best dog in the world.(我认为它是全世界最好的狗狗。)” 符合语境，承接一起玩耍的美好时光。
III. Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Why it’s so hard to take advice
The funny thing about advice: We overvalue the advice of experts while undervaluing the input of regular folk. One reason taking advice is problematic for many of us is that status matters. Something called optimism bias gives most of us a general hopefulness that things will work out even when the odds suggest otherwise. And optimism bias increases, researchers have found, when the person offering advice is seen as an expert. The expert’s reputation boosts the expectation of success if we listen to them — even though our confidence often proves wrong. So it requires a massive leap of modesty to listen to advice from humbler sources.
A couple of years ago, filmmaker M. Night Shyamalan benefited from advice from a humble source. After the huge commercial and critical success of The Sixth Sense, Shyamalan’s fortunes had grown cloudier. Box office for his later movies was decent, but the critics had turned on him. Instead of shrugging off this critic, Shyamalan wondered whether there might be something to the pan. His signature as a filmmaker was a kind of genre-bending twist: You think you’re watching one kind of film, and then it turns into something different. Each transition shifts the intensity. But for the technique to work, the intensity must escalate. In The Village, it didn’t. Shyamalan took the criticism to heart.
“Don’t pretend you’re not hurt by what that dude just said” was what Shyamalan took away from the experience. Instead, he decided to go with it. The director doubled down on his signature shape-shifting style for his next film, Split, which told the story of a man with 24 personalities. It made more than $270 million and became one of the most profitable pictures of 2017. It also won back his critics. The required leap of modesty, which Shyamalan had, is a big ask. One useful trick comes from Eastern philosophy: When someone’s coming at you with criticism, that’s when you need to lower your defenses, not raise them. Those who give you a hard time are your teachers.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
We often take experts’ advice more than that from humbler sources, as the former enhances our belief that things will improve even if they actually don’t. It takes modesty to follow advice from regular folk. Shyamalan, whose film Split succeeded because he listened to the critics, was a case in point. So we should be modest when facing criticism.
【解析】
【导语】文章主要说明人们往往高估专家建议、低估普通人意见，并以沙马兰听取批评后拍出《分裂》为例，指出应以谦逊态度面对批评。
【详解】1. 要点摘录
①The funny thing about advice: We overvalue the advice of experts while undervaluing the input of regular folk.
②Something called optimism bias gives most of us a general hopefulness that things will work out even when the odds suggest otherwise.
③So it requires a massive leap of modesty to listen to advice from humbler sources.
④A couple of years ago, filmmaker M. Night Shyamalan benefited from advice from a humble source.
⑤Shyamalan took the criticism to heart.
⑥The director doubled down on his signature shape-shifting style for his next film, Split, which told the story of a man with 24 personalities.
⑦Those who give you a hard time are your teachers.
2. 缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点整合，说明人们更愿接受专家建议的原因；第3个要点单独保留，点明听取普通人建议需要谦逊；将第4、5、6三个要点整合，以沙马兰听取批评并凭《分裂》成功为例；第7个要点作结论。
3. 遣词造句
We often take experts’ suggestions more than that from humbler sources, as the former enhances our belief that things will improve even if they actually don’t.
It takes modesty to follow advice from ordinary folk.
Shyamalan, whose film Split succeeded because he followed the critics, was a case in point.
So we should be modest when faced with criticism.
【点睛】[高分句型1] We often take experts’ advice more than that from humbler sources, as the former enhances our belief that things will improve even if they actually don’t. (运用了as引导的原因状语从句、that引导的同位语从句和even if引导的让步状语从句)
[高分句型2] Shyamalan, whose film Split succeeded because he listened to the critics, was a case in point. (运用了whose引导的非限制性定语从句和because引导的原因状语从句)
IV. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 他们在这个项目中表现出色，值得赞扬。（worthy） （汉译英）
________________________________________________________
【答案】Their outstanding performance in the project made them worthy of praise.
【解析】
【详解】句子应该是描述过去发生的事，时态用一般过去时；“他们在这个项目中表现出色”可理解为“他们在这个项目中出色的表现”，用名词短语their outstanding performance in the project表示，“值得赞扬”可理解为“使他们值得赞扬”，用“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构表示“使某人……”，“他们”用代词them，“值得赞扬”可用形容词短语worthy of和名词praise搭配。
53. 输入电子邮件地址，你就可以订阅我们的时事通讯。（subscribe）（汉译英）
________________________________________________________
【答案】By entering your email address, you can subscribe to our newsletter.
【解析】
【详解】“输入电子邮件地址”可看作是方式，用“by+动名词”作方式状语，“输入”可用动词enter，“电子邮件地址”可用名词短语your email address，主语“你”用代词you，“可以”表示能力，可用情态动词can，后接动词原形，“订阅”可用动词短语subscribe to，“我们的时事通讯”可用名词短语our newsletter。
54. 这几天，天气变幻莫测，高温叠加暴雨，常常让外出的市民措手不及。(combine) (汉译英)
________________________________________________________
【答案】These days, the weather has been unpredictable, with extreme heat combined with heavy rainfall, often catching citizens off guard when they go out.
【解析】
【详解】本句描述近日持续的天气状况，整体用现在完成时与一般现在时。“这几天”译为These days，置于句首作时间状语；主语“天气”译为the weather，谓语“变幻莫测”用has been unpredictable表示，使用现在完成时强调对近日的影响；“高温叠加暴雨”用with复合结构with extreme heat combined with heavy rainfall表达，其中extreme heat与combine为被动关系，故用过去分词combined，后接with heavy rainfall；“常常让外出的市民措手不及”用现在分词短语catching citizens off guard作结果状语，其中catch sb. off guard为固定短语表示“使某人措手不及”，“外出的市民”用when引导的时间状语从句when they go out。
55. 如果需要在强阳光下长时间逗留，要做好防晒措施，如戴遮阳帽、墨镜等。（If）（汉译英）
________________________________________________________
【答案】If you need to stay in strong sunlight for a long time, take sun protection measures such as wearing a sun hat, sunglasses, and so on.
【解析】
【详解】“如果”用if引导的条件状语从句。表示“需要做某事”用need to do sth，作从句的谓语；“在强阳光下长时间逗留”表达为stay in strong sunlight for a long time； “做好防晒措施”表达为take sun protection measures；“如戴遮阳帽、墨镜等”表达为such as wearing sun hats, sunglasses and so on，such as为介词性短语，后接动名词wearing符合语法要求。本句为通用建议，使用一般现在时即可，主语用泛指的you契合英文提示类文本的表达习惯，主句用祈使句表达建议。
V. Guided Writing
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近收到好友王林的邮件。在邮件中，他提到希望自己可以合理管理手机使用，但是发现自己在手机使用上缺乏自制力，希望你可以给他一点这方面的建议。回复他一封邮件，内容须包括：1)你的建议； 2)你的理由。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Wang Lin,
I hope this email finds you well. I fully understand your concerns about smartphone usage, which troubles many high school students. Here is some practical advice to help you improve self-control.
First, set clear boundaries for phone use. Keep your phone away while studying or sleeping, and use screen time limits and app trackers to avoid distraction. Second, find out time-wasting apps and delete or limit them to spare time for meaningful work. Lastly, take up phone-free hobbies like sports, reading or creative activities to reduce your dependence on the phone.
The key is balance. If you follow these tips, you can manage your phone better and make good use of your time. I believe you can succeed. Let’s keep in touch soon.
Yours,
Li Ming
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生给好友王林提出建议，他发现自己在手机使用上缺乏自制力，对此给出你的建议以及理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
充分利用：make good use of → take full advantage of
减少：reduce → decrease
建议：advice → suggestion
空闲时间：spare time → leisure time
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Lastly, take up phone-free hobbies like sports, reading or creative activities to reduce your dependence on the phone.
拓展句：Lastly, you can take up phone-free hobbies like sports, reading or creative activities, which help reduce your dependence on the phone.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I fully understand your concerns about smartphone usage, which troubles many high school students.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】If you follow these tips, you can manage your phone better and make good use of your time.（运用了if引导条件状语从句）
第1页/共1页
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
$
复旦大学附属中学2025学年第二学期
高二年级英语学科5月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷
I. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Vision of Hope
Molly Burke was not born blind. She started losing her sight when she was four years old. Doctors said that she had a rare eye disease that ____1____ (take) away her vision gradually. In first grade, she learned to read Braille (布莱叶盲文), although she could still see. Life was pretty normal for the next few years. However, in seventh grade, things got worse. Black turned to grey. Yellow turned to white. Soon, Molly couldn’t see the blackboard. “I just started to cry,” remembers Molly. Her parents told her everything would be OK.
“But I knew it wouldn’t.” As her vision faded, Molly started using a stick to help her walk. This embarrassed her friends, and people stopped ____2____ (invite) her to do things. Then the bullying began. Molly once broke her ankle and had to use crutches (拐杖) to help her walk. A group of girls-girls ____3____ were once her friends — committed a terrible act of bullying. They were usually responsible for walking Molly to the cafeteria. Instead, they took ____4____ blind 14-year-old outside and ran away. “I was alone,” remembers Molly.“I couldn’t see. I couldn’t walk.”
Luckily, Molly had her cell phone and was able to call her mother for help. After she finished high school, Molly thought about ____5____ she wanted her future to be like before going to college. Her brother was working in a children’s home in Africa, and she wanted to do something that would be ____6____ help to others, too. Then, she found out about Me to We, an organization ____7____ (establish) to help people through volunteering and developing leadership skills. She joined the organization on a youth trip to Kenya to help build a school.
While there, she spoke at a local girls’ school. Molly now knew what should ____8____ (do) next — to be one of the motivational speakers at Me to We. Molly has been speaking to schools all over the United States and Canada about bullying. Her advice? Be strong ____9____ happens! During a speech in Toronto, she spoke to about 20,000 people. They stood up and clapped wildly after her speech. Her father said, “Molly has a real ability ____10____ (inspire) people and help others who are going through something, whether it’s a disability, or bullying, or a different set of challenges.”
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. active B. challenges C. drowned D. endure E. founded F. matches G. old-fashioned H. philosophy I. purify J. tested K. time-consuming
Survival School
Southern Utah in the United States is a land of extremes. The normally dry desert is occasionally ____11____ in summer rainstorms. The days are very hot and the nights very cold. It is also a beautiful place with a long history of human habitation. Perhaps it’s no surprise that modern outdoor adventurers come to southern Utah to go hiking, camping, and horseback riding in the area’s national forests, or to see the fantastic rock formations in Bryce Canyon National Park.
What might surprise you is that some of the adventurers choose to spend their time outdoors with little food or water and no modern camping equipment. Instead, they’re learning to live in the wilderness in the ____12____ way. The Boulder Outdoor Survival School (BOSS), ____13____ in 1968, is the world’s oldest survival school. With its ____14____ of “Know more; carry less”, BOSS teaches its students techniques for surviving outdoors without tents, backpacks, or sleeping bags. Participants learn to make shelters from leaves or snow, to find and ____15____ water for drinking, and to eat what they can find in the wild.
The students and instructors end their day around a crackling campfire, but the fire is made using stones and brush from the area, not ____16____. The school’s courses are not for everyone. Students must arrive in excellent physical health in order to ____17____ hikes of up to 30 miles through Utah’s deserts and canyons. They must be ____18____ learners because they’ll need all the skills the BOSS instructors teach them in order to survive a field course, which can last from one week to one month.
The field course also includes “solo” time, when students are ____19____ in a very real way on everything they’ve learned. For the people who take BOSS’s courses, there is nothing better. If they wanted to spend time outdoors in comfort, they would pack their camping equipment and perhaps their GPS system and join the rest of Utah’s outdoor enthusiasts. Instead, these campers love the way BOSS _____20_____ their minds and bodies. And the confidence they gain from knowing how to survive without a lot of technology is the reward these brave people are looking for.
II. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
People often praise the virtue of honesty. However, total absolute honesty is not always wise in real-life social situations. White lies, or harmless untruths, are commonly used by people to ____21____ other people’s feelings and keep harmonious relationships. Psychologists point out that most white lies are told out of ____22____, rather than out of selfish purposes. For example, when your friend shows you his newly painted picture which is not really goodlooking, you may tell him it looks wonderful. You are not trying to ____23____ him; you just want to encourage him and avoid hurting his self-confidence. Nevertheless, white lies can bring hidden risks.
Once people get ____24____ to telling small untruths, they may gradually cross the boundary and tell bigger lies. A small white-lie habit may ____25____ people’s moral standards little by little. Besides, white-lies may be ____26____ if the truth finally comes out. If your friend later finds out you have been praising his painting out of politeness, he may feel more ____27____ than if you had told the gentle truth in the first place. Then how should we ____28____ between being honest and telling white lies? There is no universal rule. We need to judge each specific ____29____ carefully.
We should think about what the long-term influence will be. If the truth will cause unnecessary pain and brings no ____30____ benefit, a gentle white-lie might be acceptable. But if important interests or safety are involved, complete honesty must ____31____. Some people argue that we should always stick to absolute honesty, and that true friendship should ____32____ the truth no matter how unpleasant it is. However, absolute honesty may ____33____ the possibility of maintaining social bonds. The skill of social communication lies not in always telling the truth, but in knowing ____34____ to tell the truth and how to deliver it in a ____35____ and thoughtful way.
21. A. injure B. protect C. arouse D. express
22. A. consideration B. curiosity C. ambition D. hesitation
23. A. deceive B. cheat C. abandon D. tease
24. A. devoted B. exposed C. accustomed D. addicted
25. A. raise B. lift C. lower D. erode
26. A. risky B. rewarding C. backfiring D. convincing
27. A. relieved B. offended C. inspired D. relaxed
28. A. distinguish B. compromise C. switch D. hesitate
29. A. theory B. phenomenon C. situation D. principle
30. A. long-term B. potential C. immediate D. practical
31. A. apply B. survive C. dominate D. prevail
32. A. reject B. tolerate C. bear D. overlook
33. A. rule out B. take over C. bring about D. wipe out
34. A. whether B. why C. when D. where
35. A. frank B. gentle C. firm D. direct
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
You were interested in how your face and hair looked. We were interested in honesty, courage and lack of self-consciousness. And on Monday our mutual concerns met. A group of judges that included a professor of drawing, Stephen Farthing; the Turner Prize-winning artist Grayson Perry; and myself, an art critic, assembled to assess the entries for the Tate Times Drawing Challenge. The competition invited anyone from 1 to 18 to pick up their pencils and submit (递交) a self-portrait, the best of which would be displayed in the Tate. There were more than 1,000 entries. A self-portrait can be about honesty. But equally, it can be all about ways of deceiving.
Artists can rival actors when it comes to making themselves look better. Think of the difference between that public face that you practise in the mirror and that embarrassing grimace (鬼脸) in the camera snap. The construction of an image involves dozens of decisions. To study a self-portrait is to understand how an artist wants to be seen. In the case of young people, it would seem that for every pretty-faced teenager who would like to imagine themselves as some soft-focus fashion model, there is another who is keen for the world to know that they are alone and misunderstood in their rooms.
Despite all the worst intentions, a self-portrait reveals how its sitter sees the world. The judges were looking for a vision that seemed enlivening or truthful, courageous or unselfconsciously fresh. There were pictures of young people doing anything from brushing their teeth, to wearing funny hats, to listening to iPods. But the most interesting images were less self-consciously presented: it was as if the sitters had been caught unprepared. The judges tended to prefer the pictures in which the artist had really tried to look in a mirror rather than copy the surface of a photograph.
The best images, says Stephen Farthing, professor of drawing at University of the Arts, London, ‘are those done by someone who has spent time drawing from life, not just trying to make pictures that look as if they are finished. The imperfections are where the subconscious leaks out,’ Grayson Perry says. It was notable how many entrants mapped out the spots on their faces. Clearly this matters a lot to a teenager. Hair was another obsession, though several got so caught up that their images were more like advertisements for L’Oréal. They weren’t worth it. Most judges preferred the bad-hair days of entrants such as 13-year-old Daniel Adkins, in whose self-portrait the hair took on a character all of its own.
36. In the first paragraph, the writer says the judges discovered that ______.
A. they shared the same objectives as the competitors
B. both entrants and judges were equally satisfied with the results
C. the entrants’ and the judges’ differing objectives were achieved
D. the winning entries combined good looks with other positive qualities
37. According to the writer, what do all self-portraits have in common?
A. They show exactly what the artist sees in the mirror.
B. They reflect the artist’s attitudes and concerns.
C. They are used to improve the artist’s image.
D. They deceive both the artist and the viewer.
38. What kind of pictures did the judges tend to prefer?
A. The ones that were perfect.
B. The ones that were more honest.
C. The ones that were more ridiculous.
D. The ones that showed more self-awareness.
39. How does the writer feel about the way competitors drew their hair?
A. It was more attractive than their spots.
B. It suited them better when it was untidy.
C. It deserved more attention from the artists.
D. It took up too much time for some artists.
(B)
In our globalized world, we often take it for granted that the things that surround us are universal, sensible and normal. So when we travel or live abroad and discover new objects — or the absence of ones we expected to find — it can be surprising.
IN-HA, SOUTH KOREA
I’ve more or less got used to most of the odd things I’ve encountered in Britain-the houses that are old and draughty, the fitted carpets on the stairs and even in the bathrooms; the presence of kettles and toasters in every single kitchen. One thing I still struggle to understand, though, is why so many places still have separate hot and cold taps at the sink rather than a mixer tap.
It’s much better with a mixer tap because you can wash with running water.
JIM, NORTHERN IRELAND
There are loads of things I’ve noticed here in Spain that are different to back home. For example, in Belfast I used to live in a basement flat, which people here find really weird as basements are mainly used for storing things! Then there’s all the kitchen equipment: we’ve got a jamonero, which is a kind of clamp that holds meat in place while you slice it and a paellera, which is this flat, round, shallow pan with two handles for cooking paella (西班牙海鲜饭) in.
A lot of the time, folk cook on gas burners to ensure the heat is evenly distributed, so of course we have one of those as well.
KASIA, POLAND
I’m Polish, my husband is Brazilian and we met in Sweden! We’ve been living in his hometown of Belo Horizonte for the last four years now and life is different here. For example, back in Lublin, I used to love soaking in a nice hot bath, but here we don’t even have a tub! It’s much more of a shower culture here-usually both before and after work as it’s so hot and wet. Oh, and I mustn’t forget that must-have in Brazilian kitchens: the pressure cooker.
We use ours all the time, especially when cooking black beans-feijao.
ED, CANADA
I spent two years living and working in Qingdao, on the east coast of China, and found the homes there quite fascinating. Most people I knew there live in apartments in high-rise blocks and though they do have some modern appliances, dryers were unusual and you’d often see washing hung out to dry on the balconies. My place didn’t have an oven either, which somewhat reduced the scope of my cooking. Though I got pretty good at using a wok — a big, round Chinese frying pan on just a single gas ring.
40. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. Overseas Study
B. Foreign Objects
C. Global Travelling
D. Unusual Cooking
41. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. British people like mixer taps more than separate ones.
B. Spanish people think it is all right to live in basements.
C. Brazilian people prefer showers to hot baths.
D. Chinese people enjoy cooking food in ovens.
42. All of the four people mention ______.
A. kitchen appliances
B. cleaning appliances
C. climate control appliances
D. entertainment appliances
(C)
The human sense of smell is weaker than sight. And the relative weakness of smell extends to language, too. Humans have no difficulty putting names to colours but are bad at putting names to odours (气味). Some people suggest it is very likely a consequence of the tendency of languages to contain words useful to their speakers. A study by Asifa Majid at Radboud University in the Netherlands supports this.
Dr Majid knew from previous work she had done that the Jahai, a group of hunter-gatherers who live in western Malaysia, are remarkably good at naming odours. For example, when she asked some Jahai, and also a comparable group of American volunteers, to name colours and odours they were presented with, the Americans generally agreed with one another when it came to naming colours but agreed much less when putting names to odours. Jahai answers, in contrast, were in equal agreement about both odours and colours. Dr Majid suggested that it might, in part, be because the Jahai have a dozen words dedicated to describing different sorts of smells in the abstract.
To test how important someone’s way of life is to his or her use of abstract words for smells, Dr Majid looked at how two other groups of people used terms for colours and odours. These were the Semaq Beri, who also hunt and gather for a living, and the Semelai, who cultivate rice. Crucially, although these two peoples make their livings in different ways, their languages are closely related and they both live in the rainforest.
Dr Majid asked 20 Semaq Beri and 21 Semelai to name odours and colours presented to them at random. The colours were on 80 differently colored cards; the odours on 16 variously scented (有香味的) sticks.
The researcher found that the Semaq Beri used abstract terms for odours 85% of the time — about as often as they did for colours, which was 80%. The Semelai also used abstract colour descriptions at a similar rate, namely 78% of the time. But when it came to describing odours they relied on abstraction on only 44% of occasions, while resorting to analogies, such as “banana-like” and “chocolate-like”, 56% of the time. Moreover, as with Dr Majid’s earlier study with the Jahai, the Semaq Beri more frequently agreed with one another about naming odours than did the Semelai.
Given these findings, Dr Majid argues that it is the hunting-and-gathering way of life, rather than the use of a particular language, that is crucial to applying abstract names to odours. The business of surviving by eating what the forest has to offer requires more use of the nose than is needed for farming.
43. What does the pronoun “this” (in the last sentence of paragraph 1) refer to?
A. More words should be coined to name odours.
B. Human beings have a weaker sense of smell than sight.
C. Languages tend to contain fewer words unrelated to culture.
D. As smells matter little, most languages have few words for them.
44. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that the Americans agreed less on the names of odours partly because ________.
A. they had not been given proper training before the test
B. colours are in most cases easier to tell apart than odours
C. there are not many English words distinctively for odours
D. they were too sensitive to odours to name them correctly
45. What can be learned about the Semaq Beri and the Semelai concerning their performance in the study?
A. The former used fewer terms for odours than for colours.
B. The latter often turned to other items to describe odours precisely.
C. The former seldom agreed with each other about naming odours.
D. The latter revealed a less advanced language system.
46. What is the conclusion that Dr Majid drew from her research involving the Semaq Beri and the Semelai?
A. The use of abstract terms for odours is related to people’s lifestyle.
B. Living in the forest requires more use of the nose than living on the farm.
C. The business of surviving varies greatly from one tribe to another.
D. It is people’s way of life that decide what language they speak.
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
I have a nonprofit called Pet Peace of Mind, and Scamp is my emotional support animal. ____47____ He’s also my office mate. ____48____ At first, I thought I was going to have to put him in a crate, but he just curled up under my desk and went to sleep. Now he’s there every day, and everyone loves him. What kind of work does he do? He helps me with my nonprofit. ____49____ When I’m stressed, he puts his head on my lap. When I’m sad, he licks my tears. He’s a great listener. What do you do for fun together? We go to the dog park, we go for walks, and we go to the beach. ____50____ He loves the water, and he loves to chase balls. He’s a lot of fun. What’s the best part about having Scamp? He’s my best friend. He’s always there for me, and he always makes me laugh. I don’t know what I’d do without him.
A. It’s a little embarrassing, but I do it.
B. I started taking him to the office when he was 4 months old.
C. Scamp is a certified emotional support animal.
D. Scamp is a therapy dog.
E. I think he’s the best dog in the world.
F. I was going through a divorce, and I was very sick.
III. Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Why it’s so hard to take advice
The funny thing about advice: We overvalue the advice of experts while undervaluing the input of regular folk. One reason taking advice is problematic for many of us is that status matters. Something called optimism bias gives most of us a general hopefulness that things will work out even when the odds suggest otherwise. And optimism bias increases, researchers have found, when the person offering advice is seen as an expert. The expert’s reputation boosts the expectation of success if we listen to them — even though our confidence often proves wrong. So it requires a massive leap of modesty to listen to advice from humbler sources.
A couple of years ago, filmmaker M. Night Shyamalan benefited from advice from a humble source. After the huge commercial and critical success of The Sixth Sense, Shyamalan’s fortunes had grown cloudier. Box office for his later movies was decent, but the critics had turned on him. Instead of shrugging off this critic, Shyamalan wondered whether there might be something to the pan. His signature as a filmmaker was a kind of genre-bending twist: You think you’re watching one kind of film, and then it turns into something different. Each transition shifts the intensity. But for the technique to work, the intensity must escalate. In The Village, it didn’t. Shyamalan took the criticism to heart.
“Don’t pretend you’re not hurt by what that dude just said” was what Shyamalan took away from the experience. Instead, he decided to go with it. The director doubled down on his signature shape-shifting style for his next film, Split, which told the story of a man with 24 personalities. It made more than $270 million and became one of the most profitable pictures of 2017. It also won back his critics. The required leap of modesty, which Shyamalan had, is a big ask. One useful trick comes from Eastern philosophy: When someone’s coming at you with criticism, that’s when you need to lower your defenses, not raise them. Those who give you a hard time are your teachers.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
IV. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 他们在这个项目中表现出色，值得赞扬。（worthy） （汉译英）
________________________________________________________
53. 输入电子邮件地址，你就可以订阅我们的时事通讯。（subscribe）（汉译英）
________________________________________________________
54. 这几天，天气变幻莫测，高温叠加暴雨，常常让外出的市民措手不及。(combine) (汉译英)
________________________________________________________
55. 如果需要在强阳光下长时间逗留，要做好防晒措施，如戴遮阳帽、墨镜等。（If）（汉译英）
________________________________________________________
V. Guided Writing
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近收到好友王林的邮件。在邮件中，他提到希望自己可以合理管理手机使用，但是发现自己在手机使用上缺乏自制力，希望你可以给他一点这方面的建议。回复他一封邮件，内容须包括：1)你的建议； 2)你的理由。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第1页/共1页
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
$
资源预览图
