精品解析：上海复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年第二学期高二年级英语学科3月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2023学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科3月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. SeaOrbiter Staring out of your bedroom window, you watch as a great white shark swims by. Soon an octopus comes into view, followed by a jellyfish. You’re on the SeaOrbiter, one of the most high-tech vessels (船) ever ____1____ (create) for ocean exploration. The 60-meter-tall vessel has an unusual design. The top half is above the ocean’s surface, while the bottom is underwater. Unlike a ship, the SeaOrbiter is so energy-efficient that it ____2____ stay in the water for long periods without returning to land to refuel. “Scientists can observe the oceans for months or even years ____3____ end,” SeaOrbiter operations director Bill Todd says. While other vessels make a lot of noise as they move through water, the SeaOrbiter will be quiet. ____4____ the vessel won’t make much noise, it will pick up plenty. Super-sensitive underwater recorders will capture sounds from marine life, such as whales that are too far below the vessel ____5____ (see). Check out some of the SeaOrbiter’s coolest features: The Lab An egg-shaped space with three levels, the above-water marine lab will have several aquariums (水族馆). These will contain small marine animals that scientists can view up close. They can also use the high-tech lab equipment to test pollution levels in seawater. Power Sources The SeaOrbiter will mostly run on solar and wind energy. Its motors will only be turned on ____6____ necessary, such as when entering a port. “The vessel is very eco-friendly,” Todd says. “Our goal is to study the ocean without changing it.” Divers Delight The diving equipment room is located seven meters above the ocean. After putting on scuba gear (潜水装置), scientists will be able to take an outdoor elevator and go 12 meters below the water’s surface. Remotely Operated Vehicles Below the surface are Remotely Operated Vehicles, devices ____7____ let scientists explore underwater mountains, canyons, and even shipwrecks without leaving the vessel. These vehicles can travel deep into the ocean while ____8____ (send) live video back to the SeaOrbiter. When the SeaOrbiter ____9____ (launch), it will sail to remote parts of oceans. It will move with the currents while scientists conduct research. This vessel, says Todd, “will help us uncover ____10____ is hidden in the sea.” Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. appears B. changing C. dependent D. dim E. discovery F. exclusively G. reflect H. review I. sexually J. underlying K. vigorously Undercover Wings The nocturnal（夜间活动）dot-underwing moth（蛾）may use shape -shifting patterns on its wings as a way to attract mates in the dark. In a study published last September in Current Biology, scientists report the____11____on males' forewings of three patches（色斑）that change darkness and size when viewed from particular angles. In females, the entire forewing darkens. Although butterfly and moth species that are active during the day are known to employ visual effects to communicate, researchers had thought their nocturnal cousins relied almost____12____on chemical signals because of the lack of light. But these____13____wing patterns, now found for the first time in a nocturnal moth, suggest the insects may also use visual signals. Because only the males have this pattern, researchers say it is likely a（n）____14____selected mechanism. Jennifer Kelley, an ecologist based at the University of Western Australia, and her colleagues first noticed the visual phenomenon while looking at museum moth specimens（标本）for another project. "As soon as we figured the effect was angle-____15____, we knew that to understand how it works, we had to understand the____16____physics," Kelley says. The group contacted Gerd Schröder-Turk and Bodo Wilts, who are physicists at Murdoch University in Perth and the Adolphe Merkle Institute in Switzerland respectively. Together the researchers found that when the wings are viewed from above, they____17____available light directly, like a dull mirror. When viewed from an angle, however, they let some of the light through to reveal a deeper layer of darkness, which____18____as patches on the male's wings. If the insects were to beat their wings____19____—a common behavior among males approaching potential mates—the patches would flash on and off, creating a striking signal even in very_____20_____light. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Transition. It’s a pleasant word and a calming concept. It means going surely and sweetly from somewhere present to somewhere future. Unless, that is, it is newspapers’ transition to the ____21____ world, an uncertain and highly uncomfortable process. Just look at the latest print circulation figures. The Daily Telegraph, The Guardian and many of the rest are down overall between 8% and 10% year-on-year, but their websites go ever higher. All of that may well be true, depending on timing, geography and more. ____22____, everyone — from web academics to print analysts — says so. Yet pause for a while and count a few little things that don’t ____23____. One is the magazine world, both in the UK and in the US. It ought to be ____24____, wrecked by the move to the tablets which fit existing magazine page sizes so perfectly. But, in fact, the rate of decline in magazine purchasing is relatively small, with subscriptions holding up strongly and advertising remarkably ____25____. As for news and current affairs magazines — which you’d expect to find in the eye of the digital storm — they had an 8.4% increase to report. In short, on both sides of the Atlantic, although some magazine areas went down, many showed rapid growth. You can discover a ____26____ phenomenon when it comes to books. Kindle and similar e-readers are booming, with sales up massively this year. The apparent first step of transition couldn’t be ____27____. Yet, when booksellers examined the value of the physical books they sold over the last six months, they found it just 0.4% down. Screen or paper, then? It wasn’t one or the other. It was ____28____. So if sales in that area have fallen so little, perhaps the ____29____ mostly affects newspapers? Yet again, though, the messages are oddly ____30____. The latest survey of trends by the World Association of Newspapers shows that global circulation rose 1.1% last year (to 812 million copies a day). Sales in the West dropped back but Asia more than ____31____ the difference. Already 360 US papers — including most of the biggest and best — have built paywalls around their products. However, the best way of attracting a paying readership appears to be a deal that offers the print copy and digital access as some kind of ____32____ package. ____33____ print is also a crucial tool in selling internet subscriptions. And its advertising rates raise between nine and ten times more money than online. Of course this huge difference isn’t ____34____ news for newspaper companies, as maintaining both an active website and an active print edition is difficult, complex and expensive. But newspaper brands still have much of their high profile in print. Adrift on the web, the job of just being ____35____ becomes far harder. 21. A. publishing B. online C. ideal D. unknown 22. A. For instance B. To begin with C. After all D. On the other hand 23. A. fit B. emerge C. exist D. stop 24. A. regulated B. advancing C. collapsing D. minimised 25. A. changeable B. creative C. simple D. solid 26. A. similar B. scientific C. common D. cultural 27. A. later B. harder C. clearer D. slower 28. A. either B. both C. neither D. all 29. A. figure B. crisis C. system D. service 30. A. right B. vague C. designed D. mixed 31. A. made up B. told apart C. took over D. held on 32. A. complex B. modern C. mysterious D. joint 33. A. Even so B. What’s more C. On the contrary D. In other words 34. A. good B. big C. sad D. new 35. A. edited B. noticed C. updated D. spared Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） I confess I hesitated when the editor in chief of The New York Times Magazine told me in late 2014 that I would be editing a new front-of-book column called Letter of Recommendation, about stuff people really like. The column was the brainchild of our staff writer, Sam Anderson, he explained. Sam figured that there was no shortage of places to find out what writers hate but few spaces for writers to talk about what they love. We would push against this trend, 900 words a week, 40-something times per year. The reason for my hesitation was a simple, unfortunate fact about writing. Writing about things you hate is easy: not just fun, but generative. The criticism tends to entertain, even if you disagree, but the ode doesn't. The writerly tone is well-suited to our age, but it's hard not to see it as a collective defense mechanism—as if revealing your true feelings exposes your unmentionable secrets to the public. Obsessions（喜欢）, meanwhile, are inseparable from our peculiarities as people—we come to love things for often weird reasons. When the column really works, it's as revealing about the author as it is its subject. One writer, a man in his late 30s, for example, recommended Pedialyte, which he drinks to balance the effects of both drinking and exercise, and to cheat his way back to youth. I probably see somewhere between three and five Letter of Recommendation pitches a day. It's a great spot for trying out new writers in the magazine, so I try my best to keep up with all the email, but I often fail.（I feel genuinely terrible about this every day of my life.） Determining which to assign involves seeing how it meets the various criteria we've settled on over the years. We don't like the column to be timely—everything else in the world is timely. But on the other hand, we need to put a headline on the thing that people might reasonably recognize, stop and read about. There should be a personal angle to the recommendation, but also some universally recommendable aspect. But then again, it shouldn't be too recommendable; this isn't a column for lifehacks. The recommendation itself should be attractively unexpected—"sideways," as editors are perhaps too fond of saying—but really, it's just an excuse to cut brilliant writers loose to amuse or inspire us. 36. Sam Anderson proposed a column called Letter of Recommendation because he found ________. A. the fashion trend was not easy to push against B. there was a shortage of good quality columns C. writers could hardly find a place to share their likes D. his brainchild could sometimes increase readership 37. The word "ode"（in paragraph 2）is closest in meaning to ________. A. praise B. blame C. hesitation D. determination 38. Why is the writer in his late 30s mentioned in paragraph 2? A. To give an example of the writerly tone. B. To highlight the way that the column selects writers. C. To show how a collective defense mechanism works. D. To illustrate how writers reveal themselves in the column. 39. The writer hopes that in the column, ________. A. the recommended items are quite familiar to readers B. the recommended items should follow the latest trend C. readers can learn about life skills from the recommendations D. readers will find the recommendations beyond their expectation （B） What inventions have had the greatest impact on the way we live？Most people would mention the wheel，the printing press，the internet，and so or. But pause for a moment and consider the following four contenders. Standard time Time has always existed，but “standard time'" hasn't. Imagine the world today if our clocks weren't synchronized. In the 18th and 19th centuries，towns around the world used their own local time，which was different from town to town. This meant that a train could arrive in one town before it had officially left the previous one！Time zones across the world were only standardized at the beginning of the 20th century, enabling international air travel and global business to take place. The light bulb When the electric light bulb first appeared in the 19th century，it came with a waning sign to be placed on the wall next to the bulb：“Do not attempt to light with a match".Now，perhaps more than any other object in our lives，we take it for granted. Light bulbs light up our cities and roads at night，they have led to more flexible working hours and they enable us to do much more with our free time. Imagine your evenings without electric lights！ Algorithms An algorithm is defined as "the steps that you follow to solve a problem or reach an answer'". The first algorithms date back almost 4,000 years to the Babylonians，but the word itself comes from the 9th century Persian mathematician，Al-Khwarizmi. Algorithms started to make a big impact in the 20th century.They are central to how computers process information and they decide everything from the search results you see when you Google a word，to the time you wait at traffic lights.In fact，you could argue that we are living in the age of the algorithm. It's a shame so few of us understand them！ Shipping containers First used in the 1950s，shipping containers are，in many ways，the symbol of our times.They have made globalization possible. Before shipping containers，goods were loaded and unloaded by hand. Each package had to be carried onto the ship，tied down with ropes and then untied and carried out at the other hand. Just unloading a single ship could take 20 men a week，making goods from abroad very expensive. Nowadays，three people operating three cranes can unload a ship in about ten hours.The largest modern ships are four football fields long and can carry almost 15，000 containers. This has made shipping costs low，which has resulted in cheaper goods all over the world and has affected all our lives dramatically. 40. The word“synchronized'（in paragraph 1）is closest in meaning to“ ________ .” A. made to show standardized time B. made to adapt to the local time C. made to indicate the local time accurately D. made to ensure that trains arrive on time 41. If we are to put the items from earliest to latest according to when they first appeared，the correct order should be ________ . A. the light bulb，shipping containers，algorithms，standard time B. algorithms，the light bulb，standard time，shipping containers C. shipping containers，standard time.the light bulb，algorithms D. standard time，algorithms，shipping containers，the light bulb 42. Which of the following items makes it possible for us to buy imported goods at a low price？A. Standard time. B. The light bulb. C. Algorithms. D. Shipping containers. （C） Wild-animal reintroduction programs aim to set animals bred in zoos back into their natural wild habitat. These projects sound attractive, yet many of them end up with low success rates. Scientists have been exploring the key factors that decide whether reintroduction will succeed. One obvious factor is the condition of the target wild habitat. If the original environment has been severely destroyed or polluted, releasing animals there makes little sense. Even if the habitat is physically intact, we need to make sure there is enough food and suitable shelter for the released animals. Another vital factor is the animals’ skill of survival. Animals raised inside zoos lose many essential wild skills. They may not know how to hunt, avoid natural enemies or search for safe shelters. Therefore, prerelease training programmes are very important. Before being set free, zoo-bred animals should receive practical training: learning to identify natural food sources, recognize and escape from predators. Without such training, most released animals cannot survive long in the wild. Human behaviour also plays a big role. Illegal hunting, poaching and human-animal conflict can wipe out the reintroduced population. Local public education is essential. Residents living nearby should be informed of the significance of this wildlife project, and taught how to coexist peacefully with wild animals. Strict antipoaching measures must also be carried out. Reintroduction is not simply “opening the cage door and letting animals go”. It is complex systematic work. Only when habitat, animal survival skills and human related conditions are all well-prepared can a wild-animal reintroduction project achieve long term success. 43. Why do many animal reintroduction projects fail? A. Zoo animals refuse to leave zoos. B. Multiple key factors are not well-prepared. C. Local residents dislike these wild animals. D. There are too many natural enemies in the wild. 44. What is prerelease training intended for? A. To help animals get used to human beings. B. To check animals’ physical health condition. C. To teach zoo-raised animals necessary survival skills. D. To increase the number of zoo-bred animals. 45. Which of the following measure belongs to human factor preparation? A. Restoring food resources inside the habitat. B. Training animals to escape from predators. C. Repairing damaged wild environment. D. Carrying out antipoaching laws strictly. 46. What is the main idea of this article? A. Zoo-bred animals are not fit for wild life. B. Wild-animal reintroduction is impractical. C. Successful animal reintroduction requires multiple conditions. D. Human activities are the biggest threat to wild animals. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Five-Star luxury meets up-to-date technology The five-star Merrion Hotel, which has just opened, is the result of considerable research into customer requirements and nearly two years’work on four large eighteenth-century houses in Dublin. Creating a new hotel in this way has allowed the latest technology to be installed. This has been done for the benefit of staff and guests alike. At the Merrion, General Manager Peter MacCann expects his staff to know the guests by name. However, for details of his guests’ preference, he relies on the hotel’s computer system. It can deal with return guests in the extra-special way that is appropriate to a five-star hotel. Though the system cost £250,000 to install, it will pay for itself over time, according to MacCann. ____47____ For example, a guest who requests certain music CDs during a first stay will find those same CDs ready for him on a return visit. This is thanks to the guest-history facility which allows staff to key in any number of preferences. Hotel guests all over the world frequently complain about room temperature. ____48____ Guests have the opportunity to change the temperature themselves within three degrees either side of the normal 18°C but, in addition, each individual room can be adjusted by any amount between 14°C and 25°C at the front desk.____49____ Extra cables have been laid to handle whatever scientific advances may occur. The televisions are rented rather than bought, so that they can be replaced with more up-to-date models at any time. Despite the presence of all this very up-to-the-minute equipment in the rooms, MacCann says they have tried hard not to make guests feel threatened by the technology. ____50____ There are, of course, a swimming pool and gym, six conference rooms, two bars and two restaurants, and a beautiful garden at the heart of it all. Aided by technology, the Merrion looks likely to succeed. A. Technology changes so quickly these days that the hotel has had to try to forecast possible improvements. B. Being part of the hotel site has huge benefits, both for him and the hotel itself. C. The one hundred and forty-five bedrooms, large and well-furnished, are both comfortable and welcoming. D. He praises its efficiency and talks enthusiastically of the facilities it offers. E. DVD recorders can also be upgraded when necessary. F. Another hi-tech system controls this essential area of comfort. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Your Alarm Sound May Be the Reason Why You Feel Sleepy After Waking Up A team of Australian scientists from RMIT University in Melbourne found that melodic alarms were linked to reductions in “sleep inertia”, (SI) according to a study published in the journal PLOS ONE. SI is the reduction in alertness experienced up to four hours after waking, the researchers said. This phenomenon can affect human performance in a variety of ways. “If you don’t wake properly, your work performance can be degraded for periods up to four hours, and that has been linked to major accidents,” Stuart McFarlane, an author of the study from RMIT, said in a statement. “You would assume that a loud 'beep beep beep’ alarm would improve alertness. However, our data revealed that melodic alarms may be the key element. This was unexpected.” “Although more research is needed to better understand the precise combination of melody and rhythm that might work best, considering that most people use alarms to wake up, the sound you choose may have important consequences,” he said. “This is particularly important for people who might work in dangerous situations shortly after waking, like firefighters or pilots, but also for anyone who has to be rapidly alert, such as someone driving to hospital in an emergency.” For their study, the researchers surveyed 50 people using an online questionnaire, asking various questions about the types of sounds that they used for their alarms and how alert they tended to feel after waking up. The results revealed that the participants who rated their alarm sound as being “melodic” tended to report reductions in SI compared to “unmelodic” or harsh sounds. The study is limited by the fact that the results are based on self-reported survey responses and, thus, the researchers did not directly test how SI is linked to the type of alarm tone. However, they do suggest a potential mechanism to explain the results that they recorded. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 对于这个小镇为什么要改名，我百思不得其解。(why)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________ 53. 最近读了两部新书，对于这条马路的往事，我又有新的发现。(discovery)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________ 54. 在他们看来，无论是过去还是现在，城市都是大众最熟悉的场景与文化载体。(familiar)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________ 55. 研究发现，老年人和年轻人在工作表现上各有千秋，很难说谁更有优势。(advantage)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120 — 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近在一份英语杂志上读到一篇题为“The jobs that will no longer exist in a decade”的文章。你对此话题很感兴趣，写一封信给该杂志读者来信专栏，内容须包括：(1) 你认为十年内哪类工作将不复存在；(2) 你的理由。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2023学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科3月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. SeaOrbiter Staring out of your bedroom window, you watch as a great white shark swims by. Soon an octopus comes into view, followed by a jellyfish. You’re on the SeaOrbiter, one of the most high-tech vessels (船) ever ____1____ (create) for ocean exploration. The 60-meter-tall vessel has an unusual design. The top half is above the ocean’s surface, while the bottom is underwater. Unlike a ship, the SeaOrbiter is so energy-efficient that it ____2____ stay in the water for long periods without returning to land to refuel. “Scientists can observe the oceans for months or even years ____3____ end,” SeaOrbiter operations director Bill Todd says. While other vessels make a lot of noise as they move through water, the SeaOrbiter will be quiet. ____4____ the vessel won’t make much noise, it will pick up plenty. Super-sensitive underwater recorders will capture sounds from marine life, such as whales that are too far below the vessel ____5____ (see). Check out some of the SeaOrbiter’s coolest features: The Lab An egg-shaped space with three levels, the above-water marine lab will have several aquariums (水族馆). These will contain small marine animals that scientists can view up close. They can also use the high-tech lab equipment to test pollution levels in seawater. Power Sources The SeaOrbiter will mostly run on solar and wind energy. Its motors will only be turned on ____6____ necessary, such as when entering a port. “The vessel is very eco-friendly,” Todd says. “Our goal is to study the ocean without changing it.” Divers Delight The diving equipment room is located seven meters above the ocean. After putting on scuba gear (潜水装置), scientists will be able to take an outdoor elevator and go 12 meters below the water’s surface. Remotely Operated Vehicles Below the surface are Remotely Operated Vehicles, devices ____7____ let scientists explore underwater mountains, canyons, and even shipwrecks without leaving the vessel. These vehicles can travel deep into the ocean while ____8____ (send) live video back to the SeaOrbiter. When the SeaOrbiter ____9____ (launch), it will sail to remote parts of oceans. It will move with the currents while scientists conduct research. This vessel, says Todd, “will help us uncover ____10____ is hidden in the sea.” 【答案】1. created 2. can 3. on 4. Although##Though##While 5. to be seen 6. when 7. that##which 8. sending 9. is launched 10. what 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了高科技海洋探索船SeaOrbiter独特的构造、环保能源、各类科研设施以及它在未来海洋科研中的作用。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：你正身处SeaOrbiter上，它是有史以来为海洋探索打造的最高科技船只之一。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语，作vessels的后置定语，create“创造”和vessels逻辑上是被动关系，且结合“ever”可知，动作已完成，因此用过去分词形式created。 【2题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：与普通轮船不同，SeaOrbiter能效极高，能长时间停留在水中，无需返回陆地补充燃料。空处和stay构成谓语，结合“so energy-efficient that”可知，这艘船能效很高，所以“能够”长时间待在水里不用回陆地加油，应用情态动词can表示“能够，可以”。 【3题详解】 考查介词。句意：SeaOrbiter运营总监Bill Todd说：“科学家可以连续数月甚至数年观测海洋。”结合“for months or even years”可知，固定短语on end“连续地，接连不断地”符合题意，表示“连续数月甚至数年观测海洋”。 【4题详解】 考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然这艘船不会产生太多噪音，但它会接收大量（声音信号）。句中逗号前后句意完整，“船本身不会产生太多噪音”和“会接收大量声音信号”之间有让步转折，所以用从属连词although, though或while“尽管”引导让步状语从句，且句首单词的首字母需大写。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：高灵敏度的水下记录仪将捕捉海洋生物的声音，例如那些在船体下方太深、无法被观测到的鲸鱼。too…to do...是固定结构，表示“太……而不能……”，且see“观测”和whales逻辑上是被动关系，所以用不定式被动语态to be seen。 【6题详解】 考查时间状语从句。句意：在必要时，例如进港的时候，才会启动发动机。结合“Its motors will only be turned on”可知，when necessary“在有必要的时候”符合题意，是when引导时间状语从句的省略形式，完整形式为when it is necessary。 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：水面之下配有遥控潜水器，这类设备能让科学家不用离开船体，就可以探索水下山脉、峡谷甚至沉船残骸。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词devices，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词。 【8题详解】 考查状语从句中的省略。句意：这些潜水器可以潜入深海，同时向SeaOrbiter传回实时视频。此处用了while引导时间状语从句，从句无主语，为省略形式，对主语和be动词同时进行了省略，send“发送”和被省略的主语these vehicles之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式sending。 【9题详解】 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：当SeaOrbiter启用后，它将驶向海洋的偏远海域。空处作从句的谓语，结合主句中的“will sail”可知，从句应用一般现在时表将来，launch“使（船或舰）下水”和主语the SeaOrbiter之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数，be动词应用is。 【10题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：Todd说，这艘船“将帮助我们揭开海洋深处隐藏的奥秘”。空处引导名词性从句作uncover的宾语，宾语从句缺少主语，主语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. appears B. changing C. dependent D. dim E. discovery F. exclusively G. reflect H. review I. sexually J. underlying K. vigorously Undercover Wings The nocturnal（夜间活动）dot-underwing moth（蛾）may use shape -shifting patterns on its wings as a way to attract mates in the dark. In a study published last September in Current Biology, scientists report the____11____on males' forewings of three patches（色斑）that change darkness and size when viewed from particular angles. In females, the entire forewing darkens. Although butterfly and moth species that are active during the day are known to employ visual effects to communicate, researchers had thought their nocturnal cousins relied almost____12____on chemical signals because of the lack of light. But these____13____wing patterns, now found for the first time in a nocturnal moth, suggest the insects may also use visual signals. Because only the males have this pattern, researchers say it is likely a（n）____14____selected mechanism. Jennifer Kelley, an ecologist based at the University of Western Australia, and her colleagues first noticed the visual phenomenon while looking at museum moth specimens（标本）for another project. "As soon as we figured the effect was angle-____15____, we knew that to understand how it works, we had to understand the____16____physics," Kelley says. The group contacted Gerd Schröder-Turk and Bodo Wilts, who are physicists at Murdoch University in Perth and the Adolphe Merkle Institute in Switzerland respectively. Together the researchers found that when the wings are viewed from above, they____17____available light directly, like a dull mirror. When viewed from an angle, however, they let some of the light through to reveal a deeper layer of darkness, which____18____as patches on the male's wings. If the insects were to beat their wings____19____—a common behavior among males approaching potential mates—the patches would flash on and off, creating a striking signal even in very_____20_____light. 【答案】11. E 12. F 13. B 14. I 15. C 16. J 17. G 18. A 19. K 20. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了夜间活动的点翅蛾（dot-underwing moth），可能利用翅膀上的变形图案在黑暗中吸引配偶。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：在去年9月发表在《当代生物学》上的一项研究中，科学家们报告说，在雄性的前翅上发现了三个斑块，当从特定角度观察时，它们会改变黑暗和大小。分析句子、结合句意以及根据空前的the可知，空处应使用名词discovery（发现），作report的宾语。故选E项。 【12题详解】 考查副词。句意：虽然我们知道白天活动的蝴蝶和蛾类会利用视觉效果进行交流，但研究人员认为，由于缺乏光线，它们在夜间活动的表亲几乎完全依赖于化学信号。分析句子可知，空处应使用副词exclusively，修饰动词rely，表达“完全，全部”之意。故选F项。 【13题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：但是现在这些变化的翅膀图案第一次在夜间活动的飞蛾身上发现，表明这些昆虫也可能使用视觉信号。分析句子可知，空处应使用change的现在分词形式changing作定语，表达“正在变化的”之意。故选B项。 【14题详解】 考查副词。句意：因为只有雄性才有这种图案，研究人员说这可能是一种性选择机制。分析句子并结合句意可知，空处应使用副词sexually修饰形容词selected。故选I项。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：“一旦我们发现这种效应与角度有关，我们就知道要理解它是如何起作用的，我们必须理解基本的物理学，” Kelley说。根据空前的was可知，空处应填dependent，与angle构成形容词，表达“与角度有关的”之意。故选C项。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：“一旦我们发现这种效应与角度有关，我们就知道要理解它是如何起作用的，我们必须理解基本的物理学，”Kelley说。根据空前的the及空后的physics可知，空处应使用形容词underlying，作定语，表达“潜在的”之意。故选J项。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：研究人员共同发现，当从上面观察翅膀时，它们会像一面暗镜子一样直接反射可见光。分析句子可知，空处应使用动词reflect，作谓语，结合句意，表达“反射”之意。故选G项。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：然而，当从一个角度观察时，它们会让一些光线穿过，从而显露出更深层的黑暗，这种黑暗就像雄性翅膀上出现的斑块一样。分析句子并根据空前的which可知，空处应使用动词的第三人称单数形式appears，作非限制性定语从句的谓语，意为“出现”。故选A项。 【19题详解】 考查副词。句意：如果这些昆虫猛烈地拍打翅膀(这是寻找潜在伴侣的雄性动物的一种常见行为) ，这些斑点就会时隐时现，即使在非常暗淡的光线下也会产生一个引人注目的信号。根据空前的动词beat可知，空处应使用副词vigorously修饰，表达“猛烈地”之意。故选K项。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：如果这些昆虫猛烈地拍打翅膀(这是寻找潜在伴侣的雄性动物的一种常见行为) ，这些斑点就会时隐时现，即使在非常暗淡的光线下也会产生一个引人注目的信号。分析句子并根据空前的very可知，空处应使用形容词dim，表达“灰暗的”之意，作定语修饰名词light。故选D项。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Transition. It’s a pleasant word and a calming concept. It means going surely and sweetly from somewhere present to somewhere future. Unless, that is, it is newspapers’ transition to the ____21____ world, an uncertain and highly uncomfortable process. Just look at the latest print circulation figures. The Daily Telegraph, The Guardian and many of the rest are down overall between 8% and 10% year-on-year, but their websites go ever higher. All of that may well be true, depending on timing, geography and more. ____22____, everyone — from web academics to print analysts — says so. Yet pause for a while and count a few little things that don’t ____23____. One is the magazine world, both in the UK and in the US. It ought to be ____24____, wrecked by the move to the tablets which fit existing magazine page sizes so perfectly. But, in fact, the rate of decline in magazine purchasing is relatively small, with subscriptions holding up strongly and advertising remarkably ____25____. As for news and current affairs magazines — which you’d expect to find in the eye of the digital storm — they had an 8.4% increase to report. In short, on both sides of the Atlantic, although some magazine areas went down, many showed rapid growth. You can discover a ____26____ phenomenon when it comes to books. Kindle and similar e-readers are booming, with sales up massively this year. The apparent first step of transition couldn’t be ____27____. Yet, when booksellers examined the value of the physical books they sold over the last six months, they found it just 0.4% down. Screen or paper, then? It wasn’t one or the other. It was ____28____. So if sales in that area have fallen so little, perhaps the ____29____ mostly affects newspapers? Yet again, though, the messages are oddly ____30____. The latest survey of trends by the World Association of Newspapers shows that global circulation rose 1.1% last year (to 812 million copies a day). Sales in the West dropped back but Asia more than ____31____ the difference. Already 360 US papers — including most of the biggest and best — have built paywalls around their products. However, the best way of attracting a paying readership appears to be a deal that offers the print copy and digital access as some kind of ____32____ package. ____33____ print is also a crucial tool in selling internet subscriptions. And its advertising rates raise between nine and ten times more money than online. Of course this huge difference isn’t ____34____ news for newspaper companies, as maintaining both an active website and an active print edition is difficult, complex and expensive. But newspaper brands still have much of their high profile in print. Adrift on the web, the job of just being ____35____ becomes far harder. 21. A. publishing B. online C. ideal D. unknown 22. A. For instance B. To begin with C. After all D. On the other hand 23. A. fit B. emerge C. exist D. stop 24. A. regulated B. advancing C. collapsing D. minimised 25. A. changeable B. creative C. simple D. solid 26. A. similar B. scientific C. common D. cultural 27. A. later B. harder C. clearer D. slower 28. A. either B. both C. neither D. all 29. A. figure B. crisis C. system D. service 30. A. right B. vague C. designed D. mixed 31. A. made up B. told apart C. took over D. held on 32. A. complex B. modern C. mysterious D. joint 33. A. Even so B. What’s more C. On the contrary D. In other words 34. A. good B. big C. sad D. new 35. A. edited B. noticed C. updated D. spared 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. D 33. D 34. A 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要探讨媒体行业转型，报纸向网络世界过渡充满不确定性，但杂志、图书行业并未出现预想的大幅衰败，全球报纸发行量也有区域差异，纸质版与数字版可以共存。 【21题详解】 考查形容词。句意：除非，也就是报纸向网络世界转型，这是一个不确定且令人非常不适的过程。A. publishing出版的；B. online网络的；C. ideal理想的；D. unknown未知的。根据后文“Just look at the latest print circulation figures. The Daily Telegraph, The Guardian and many of the rest are down overall between 8% and 10% year-on-year, but their websites go ever higher.”可知，纸质报纸发行量下滑，网站流量上涨，指报纸向网络世界转型。 【22题详解】 考查短语。句意：毕竟每个人——从网络学者到纸质媒体分析师都这么说。A. For instance例如；B. To begin with首先；C. After all毕竟；D. On the other hand另一方面。根据上文“All of that may well be true, depending on timing, geography and more.”可知，前句说这些情况很可能属实，本句作补充说明，既然大家都这么说，那就更是如此，用after all（毕竟）。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：然而停下来想一想，数一数那些并不契合的小事。A. fit契合；B. emerge出现；C. exist存在；D. stop停止。根据下文“But, in fact, the rate of decline in magazine purchasing is relatively small”可知，杂志行业并没有像大家预期的那样衰败，现实与普遍认知并不契合。 【24题详解】 考查动词。句意：它本该崩溃，因转向平板设备而遭到重创，平板设备和现有的杂志页面尺寸完美契合。A. regulated管控；B. advancing前进；C. collapsing崩溃；D. minimised使最小化。根据上文“Yet pause for a while and count a few little things that don’t ____. One is the magazine world, both in the UK and in the US.”可知，人们原本普遍认为杂志界会在平板冲击下走向崩溃。 【25题详解】 考查形容词。句意：但事实上，杂志购买量的下降幅度相对较小，订阅量保持强劲，广告业务也相当稳固。A. changeable多变的；B. creative有创造力的；C. simple简单的；D. solid稳固的。根据上文“with subscriptions holding up strongly and advertising remarkably ”可知，订阅量坚挺，与之并列，广告业务同样稳固。 【26题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当谈及图书领域，你会发现一个类似的现象。A. similar类似的；B. scientific科学的；C. common普通的；D. cultural文化的。根据上文“although some magazine areas went down, many showed rapid growth”杂志行业没有大幅衰败，以及下文“Kindle and similar e-readers are booming, with sales up massively this year.”可知，电子书虽热销，实体书销量几乎没降，与杂志是类似的情况。 【27题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：这场转型的第一步再清晰不过。A. later更晚；B. harder更难；C. clearer更清晰；D. slower更慢。根据上文“Kindle and similar e-readers are booming, with sales up massively this year.”可知，电子书销量暴涨，转型趋势看起来再清楚不过，couldn’t be clearer表示“再清楚不过”。 【28题详解】 考查代词。句意：不是非此即彼，而是两者皆是。A. either二者任一；B. both两者都；C. neither两者都不；D. all全部（三者及以上）。根据上文“Screen or paper, then? It wasn’t one or the other.”可知，屏幕或纸质并非二选一，而是两者共存。 【29题详解】 考查名词。句意：所以如果图书领域的销售额降幅如此之小，也许这场危机主要影响的是报纸？A. figure数字；B. crisis危机；C. system系统；D. service服务。根据上文第一段“The Daily Telegraph, The Guardian and many of the rest are down overall between 8% and 10% year-on-year, but their websites go ever higher.”讨论纸质媒体受数字化冲击、各处销量下滑可知，这被普遍看作一场行业危机。 【30题详解】 考查形容词。句意：但再说一次，相关信息却出奇的混杂。A. right正确的；B. vague模糊的；C. designed特意设计的；D. mixed混杂的。根据下文“The latest survey of trends by the World Association of Newspapers shows that global circulation rose 1.1% last year (to 812 million copies a day). Sales in the West dropped back but Asia more than ____ the difference.”可知，西方销量下滑、亚洲上涨，信息好坏参半、混杂。 【31题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：西方销量回落，但亚洲的增量足以弥补这一差额。A. made up弥补；B. told apart区分；C. took over接管；D. held on坚持。根据上文“global circulation rose 1.1% last year (to 812 million copies a day). Sales in the West dropped back but Asia more than”以及下文“the difference.”可知，全球总发行量上涨，亚洲市场弥补了西方市场造成的缺口。 【32题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而，吸引付费读者最好的方式似乎是一项套餐服务，将纸质版和数字阅读权限打包为某种联合套餐。A. complex复杂的；B. modern现代的；C. mysterious神秘的；D. joint联合的。根据上文“a deal that offers the print copy and digital access”可知，套餐同时提供纸质拷贝和数字访问权限，是纸电联合套餐。 【33题详解】 考查短语。句意：换句话说，纸质出版物也是销售网络订阅的关键工具。A. Even so即便如此；B. What’s more此外；C. On the contrary相反；D. In other words换句话说。根据上文“the best way of attracting a paying readership appears to be a deal that offers the print copy and digital access as some kind of ____ package”可知，纸电联合套餐正是以纸质版带动网络订阅，本句用另一种说法重申这一含义。 【34题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当然，这种巨大的差距对报业公司而言并不是好消息，因为同时维护活跃网站和纸质刊既困难、复杂又昂贵。A. good好的；B. big大的；C. sad悲伤的；D. new新的。根据下文“as maintaining both an active website and an active print edition is difficult, complex and expensive.”可知，同时维持双版本成本高昂，所以这个差距不是好消息。 【35题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在网络的汪洋中漂泊，仅仅被注意到这件事就变得艰难得多。A. edited被编辑；B. noticed被注意；C. updated被更新；D. spared被饶恕。根据上文“But newspaper brands still have much of their high profile in print.”可知，报纸品牌在纸质领域知名度高，转到网络后想被大众注意到会更难。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） I confess I hesitated when the editor in chief of The New York Times Magazine told me in late 2014 that I would be editing a new front-of-book column called Letter of Recommendation, about stuff people really like. The column was the brainchild of our staff writer, Sam Anderson, he explained. Sam figured that there was no shortage of places to find out what writers hate but few spaces for writers to talk about what they love. We would push against this trend, 900 words a week, 40-something times per year. The reason for my hesitation was a simple, unfortunate fact about writing. Writing about things you hate is easy: not just fun, but generative. The criticism tends to entertain, even if you disagree, but the ode doesn't. The writerly tone is well-suited to our age, but it's hard not to see it as a collective defense mechanism—as if revealing your true feelings exposes your unmentionable secrets to the public. Obsessions（喜欢）, meanwhile, are inseparable from our peculiarities as people—we come to love things for often weird reasons. When the column really works, it's as revealing about the author as it is its subject. One writer, a man in his late 30s, for example, recommended Pedialyte, which he drinks to balance the effects of both drinking and exercise, and to cheat his way back to youth. I probably see somewhere between three and five Letter of Recommendation pitches a day. It's a great spot for trying out new writers in the magazine, so I try my best to keep up with all the email, but I often fail.（I feel genuinely terrible about this every day of my life.） Determining which to assign involves seeing how it meets the various criteria we've settled on over the years. We don't like the column to be timely—everything else in the world is timely. But on the other hand, we need to put a headline on the thing that people might reasonably recognize, stop and read about. There should be a personal angle to the recommendation, but also some universally recommendable aspect. But then again, it shouldn't be too recommendable; this isn't a column for lifehacks. The recommendation itself should be attractively unexpected—"sideways," as editors are perhaps too fond of saying—but really, it's just an excuse to cut brilliant writers loose to amuse or inspire us. 36. Sam Anderson proposed a column called Letter of Recommendation because he found ________. A. the fashion trend was not easy to push against B. there was a shortage of good quality columns C. writers could hardly find a place to share their likes D. his brainchild could sometimes increase readership 37. The word "ode"（in paragraph 2）is closest in meaning to ________. A. praise B. blame C. hesitation D. determination 38. Why is the writer in his late 30s mentioned in paragraph 2? A. To give an example of the writerly tone. B. To highlight the way that the column selects writers. C. To show how a collective defense mechanism works. D. To illustrate how writers reveal themselves in the column. 39. The writer hopes that in the column, ________. A. the recommended items are quite familiar to readers B. the recommended items should follow the latest trend C. readers can learn about life skills from the recommendations D. readers will find the recommendations beyond their expectation 【答案】36. C 37. A 38. D 39. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。短文讲述了山姆安德森提出要创办一个名为“推荐信”的专栏，让作家讨论自己喜欢的东西。作者对此专栏提出了自己的一些看法。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Sam figured that there was no shortage of places to find out what writers hate but few spaces for writers to talk about what they love.”可知，萨姆发现，虽然有很多地方可以发现作家们讨厌什么，但作家们却很少有地方可以谈论他们喜欢什么。由此可知，山姆·安德森提出了一个名为“推荐信”的专栏，因为他发现作家们几乎找不到一个地方来分享他们的喜好。故选C项。 【37题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段“The criticism tends to entertain, even if you disagree, but the ode doesn't.”可知，即使你不同意，批评也容易引起人们的兴趣，但ode却不同。but前后为转折关系，前半句是批评，由此判断出，ode指的是赞扬,故选A项。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Obsessions（喜欢）, meanwhile, are inseparable from our peculiarities as people—we come to love things for often weird reasons. When the column really works, it's as revealing about the author as it is its subject.”可知，同时，喜欢与我们的个性是分不开的，因为我们喜欢某些东西往往是出于奇怪的原因。当这个专栏真正起作用的时候，它既能揭示作者，也能揭示主题。由此判断出这位30多岁的作家就是一个例子来说明作家是如何在专栏中展现自己的。故选D项。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The recommendation itself should be attractively unexpected”可知，建议本身应该是出人意料的。由此可知，作者希望在专栏中，读者会发现这些建议超出了他们的预料。故选D项。 （B） What inventions have had the greatest impact on the way we live？Most people would mention the wheel，the printing press，the internet，and so or. But pause for a moment and consider the following four contenders. Standard time Time has always existed，but “standard time'" hasn't. Imagine the world today if our clocks weren't synchronized. In the 18th and 19th centuries，towns around the world used their own local time，which was different from town to town. This meant that a train could arrive in one town before it had officially left the previous one！Time zones across the world were only standardized at the beginning of the 20th century, enabling international air travel and global business to take place. The light bulb When the electric light bulb first appeared in the 19th century，it came with a waning sign to be placed on the wall next to the bulb：“Do not attempt to light with a match".Now，perhaps more than any other object in our lives，we take it for granted. Light bulbs light up our cities and roads at night，they have led to more flexible working hours and they enable us to do much more with our free time. Imagine your evenings without electric lights！ Algorithms An algorithm is defined as "the steps that you follow to solve a problem or reach an answer'". The first algorithms date back almost 4,000 years to the Babylonians，but the word itself comes from the 9th century Persian mathematician，Al-Khwarizmi. Algorithms started to make a big impact in the 20th century.They are central to how computers process information and they decide everything from the search results you see when you Google a word，to the time you wait at traffic lights.In fact，you could argue that we are living in the age of the algorithm. It's a shame so few of us understand them！ Shipping containers First used in the 1950s，shipping containers are，in many ways，the symbol of our times.They have made globalization possible. Before shipping containers，goods were loaded and unloaded by hand. Each package had to be carried onto the ship，tied down with ropes and then untied and carried out at the other hand. Just unloading a single ship could take 20 men a week，making goods from abroad very expensive. Nowadays，three people operating three cranes can unload a ship in about ten hours.The largest modern ships are four football fields long and can carry almost 15，000 containers. This has made shipping costs low，which has resulted in cheaper goods all over the world and has affected all our lives dramatically. 40. The word“synchronized'（in paragraph 1）is closest in meaning to“ ________ .” A. made to show standardized time B. made to adapt to the local time C. made to indicate the local time accurately D. made to ensure that trains arrive on time 41. If we are to put the items from earliest to latest according to when they first appeared，the correct order should be ________ . A. the light bulb，shipping containers，algorithms，standard time B. algorithms，the light bulb，standard time，shipping containers C. shipping containers，standard time.the light bulb，algorithms D. standard time，algorithms，shipping containers，the light bulb 42. Which of the following items makes it possible for us to buy imported goods at a low price？A. Standard time. B. The light bulb. C. Algorithms. D. Shipping containers. 【答案】40. A 41. B 42. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了几个对我们当今生活有极大改变的发明创造。 【40题详解】 词句猜测题。根据前句“Time has always existed，but “standard time'" hasn't.”（时间一直存在，但标准时间却不是的。）以及后句“In the 18th and 19th centuries，towns around the world used their own local time，which was different from town to town.”（在18世纪和19世纪，世界各地的城镇都使用各自的当地时间，不同的城镇使用不同的当地时间。）可知，文章通过前句说明标准时间不是天然存在的；后句通过实例说明在制定标准时间之前，世界各地都使用自己的时间，并不是全球统一标准的。所以，此处synchronized应该意指同步的，统一的。故选A项。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The first algorithms date back almost 4,000 years to the Babylonians，but the word itself comes from the 9th century Persian mathematician，Al-Khwarizmi.”（最早的算法可以追溯到4000年前的巴比伦人，但是这个词本身来自9世纪的波斯数学家Al-Khwarizmi。）；第三段“When the electric light bulb first appeared in the 19th century，it came with a warning sign to be placed on the wall next to the bulb：“Do not attempt to light with a match".”（电灯泡在19世纪首次出现时，它旁边墙上有一个警告标志：不要试图用火柴点亮这个灯”。）；第二段“Time zones across the world were only standardized at the beginning of the 20th century, enabling international air travel and global business to take place.”（直到20世纪初，世界各地的时区才得以标准化，使得国际航空旅行和全球商务得以开展。）以及最后一段“First used in the 1950s，shipping containers are，in many ways，the symbol of our times.”（集装箱首次使用于20世纪50年代，在很多方面都是我们这个时代的象征。）可知，这些发明创造出现的顺序依次是算术，灯泡，标准时间和集装箱。故选B项。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“This has made shipping costs low，which has resulted in cheaper goods all over the world and has affected all our lives dramatically.”（这使得运输成本很低，导致世界各地的商品更便宜，并极大地影响了我们所有人的生活。）可知，集装箱的出现使得人们可以以较低的价格购买进口商品。故选D项。 【点睛】细节理解题做题关键就在于抓住关键词，再带着问题及关键词仔细地阅读有关内容，认真地思考答案。比如本篇第3题关键词为“buy imported goods”，带着关键词，我们可以判断信息应该在最后一段，所以定位到信息在“This has made shipping costs low，which has resulted in cheaper goods all over the world and has affected all our lives dramatically. ”，故此题选择D项。 （C） Wild-animal reintroduction programs aim to set animals bred in zoos back into their natural wild habitat. These projects sound attractive, yet many of them end up with low success rates. Scientists have been exploring the key factors that decide whether reintroduction will succeed. One obvious factor is the condition of the target wild habitat. If the original environment has been severely destroyed or polluted, releasing animals there makes little sense. Even if the habitat is physically intact, we need to make sure there is enough food and suitable shelter for the released animals. Another vital factor is the animals’ skill of survival. Animals raised inside zoos lose many essential wild skills. They may not know how to hunt, avoid natural enemies or search for safe shelters. Therefore, prerelease training programmes are very important. Before being set free, zoo-bred animals should receive practical training: learning to identify natural food sources, recognize and escape from predators. Without such training, most released animals cannot survive long in the wild. Human behaviour also plays a big role. Illegal hunting, poaching and human-animal conflict can wipe out the reintroduced population. Local public education is essential. Residents living nearby should be informed of the significance of this wildlife project, and taught how to coexist peacefully with wild animals. Strict antipoaching measures must also be carried out. Reintroduction is not simply “opening the cage door and letting animals go”. It is complex systematic work. Only when habitat, animal survival skills and human related conditions are all well-prepared can a wild-animal reintroduction project achieve long term success. 43. Why do many animal reintroduction projects fail? A. Zoo animals refuse to leave zoos. B. Multiple key factors are not well-prepared. C. Local residents dislike these wild animals. D. There are too many natural enemies in the wild. 44. What is prerelease training intended for? A. To help animals get used to human beings. B. To check animals’ physical health condition. C. To teach zoo-raised animals necessary survival skills. D. To increase the number of zoo-bred animals. 45. Which of the following measure belongs to human factor preparation? A. Restoring food resources inside the habitat. B. Training animals to escape from predators. C. Repairing damaged wild environment. D. Carrying out antipoaching laws strictly. 46. What is the main idea of this article? A. Zoo-bred animals are not fit for wild life. B. Wild-animal reintroduction is impractical. C. Successful animal reintroduction requires multiple conditions. D. Human activities are the biggest threat to wild animals. 【答案】43. B 44. C 45. D 46. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了野生动物重引入项目成功的关键因素，包括栖息地条件、动物生存技能和人类相关准备。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Scientists have been exploring the key factors that decide whether reintroduction will succeed. (科学家们一直在探索决定重引入能否成功的关键因素。)”以及最后一段“Only when habitat, animal survival skills and human related conditions are all well-prepared can a wild-animal reintroduction project achieve long term success. (只有当栖息地、动物生存技能和人类相关条件都准备充分时，野生动物重引入项目才能取得长期成功。)”可知，许多动物重引入项目失败是因为多个关键因素没有准备充分。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Before being set free, zoo-bred animals should receive practical training: learning to identify natural food sources, recognize and escape from predators. (在被放归之前，动物园饲养的动物应该接受实际训练：学习识别天然食物来源、识别并逃离捕食者。)”可知，放归前训练的目的是教授动物园饲养的动物必要的生存技能。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Strict antipoaching measures must also be carried out. (必须严格执行反偷猎措施。)”可知，严格执行反偷猎法律属于人类因素准备。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Only when habitat, animal survival skills and human related conditions are all well-prepared can a wild-animal reintroduction project achieve long term success. (只有当栖息地、动物生存技能和人类相关条件都准备充分时，野生动物重引入项目才能取得长期成功。)”可知，本文的主旨是成功的动物重引入需要多个条件。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Five-Star luxury meets up-to-date technology The five-star Merrion Hotel, which has just opened, is the result of considerable research into customer requirements and nearly two years’work on four large eighteenth-century houses in Dublin. Creating a new hotel in this way has allowed the latest technology to be installed. This has been done for the benefit of staff and guests alike. At the Merrion, General Manager Peter MacCann expects his staff to know the guests by name. However, for details of his guests’ preference, he relies on the hotel’s computer system. It can deal with return guests in the extra-special way that is appropriate to a five-star hotel. Though the system cost £250,000 to install, it will pay for itself over time, according to MacCann. ____47____ For example, a guest who requests certain music CDs during a first stay will find those same CDs ready for him on a return visit. This is thanks to the guest-history facility which allows staff to key in any number of preferences. Hotel guests all over the world frequently complain about room temperature. ____48____ Guests have the opportunity to change the temperature themselves within three degrees either side of the normal 18°C but, in addition, each individual room can be adjusted by any amount between 14°C and 25°C at the front desk.____49____ Extra cables have been laid to handle whatever scientific advances may occur. The televisions are rented rather than bought, so that they can be replaced with more up-to-date models at any time. Despite the presence of all this very up-to-the-minute equipment in the rooms, MacCann says they have tried hard not to make guests feel threatened by the technology. ____50____ There are, of course, a swimming pool and gym, six conference rooms, two bars and two restaurants, and a beautiful garden at the heart of it all. Aided by technology, the Merrion looks likely to succeed. A. Technology changes so quickly these days that the hotel has had to try to forecast possible improvements. B. Being part of the hotel site has huge benefits, both for him and the hotel itself. C. The one hundred and forty-five bedrooms, large and well-furnished, are both comfortable and welcoming. D. He praises its efficiency and talks enthusiastically of the facilities it offers. E. DVD recorders can also be upgraded when necessary. F. Another hi-tech system controls this essential area of comfort. 【答案】47. D 48. F 49. A 50. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍都柏林Merrion五星级酒店融合高端装修与现代科技的特色。 【47题详解】 前文“Though the system cost £250,000 to install, it will pay for itself over time, according to MacCann.(据MacCann介绍，这套系统的安装成本高达25万英镑，但随着时间推移，它的价值会完全覆盖投入成本。)”点明总经理对这套客史电脑系统的认可，后文“For example, a guest who requests certain music CDs during a first stay will find those same CDs ready for him on a return visit.(举个例子，一位首次入住时指定了特定音乐CD的客人，再次到访时会发现这些CD已经提前为他准备妥当。)”用具体案例展示系统的贴心功能，D项“He praises its efficiency and talks enthusiastically of the facilities it offers.(他盛赞这套系统的高效性，还满怀热情地介绍它能提供的各类配套功能。)”承接前文MacCann对系统的成本收益判断，自然引出后文的具体功能案例，符合语境。 【48题详解】 前文“Hotel guests all over the world frequently complain about room temperature.(全球酒店客人常抱怨室温问题。)”提出“室温”这一舒适要素；后文“Guests have the opportunity to change the temperature themselves within three degrees either side of the normal 18°C but, in addition, each individual room can be adjusted by any amount between 14°C and 25°C at the front desk.(客人可以自行将温度在正常18°C的基础上上下调节3度，但除此之外，前台还可以将每个房间的温度在14°C至25°C之间任意调节。)”介绍温控系统。F项“Another hi-tech system controls this essential area of comfort.(另一套高科技系统控制这一关键的舒适领域。)”中“this essential area of comfort”即指室温控制，承上启下，符合语境。 【49题详解】 后文“Extra cables have been laid to handle whatever scientific advances may occur.(铺设了额外线缆以应对未来可能出现的科技进步。)”说明酒店为未来技术升级预留空间。A项“Technology changes so quickly these days that the hotel has had to try to forecast possible improvements.(如今技术更迭太快，酒店不得不努力预测可能的改进。)”正好解释为何要“预留线缆/预测未来”，与后文呼应，符合语境。 【50题详解】 前文“Despite the presence of all this very up-to-the-minute equipment in the rooms, MacCann says they have tried hard not to make guests feel threatened by the technology.(尽管房间满是尖端设备，但MacCann说他们努力不让客人被科技吓到。)”说明客房科技兼顾客人体验；后文“There are, of course, a swimming pool and gym, six conference rooms, two bars and two restaurants, and a beautiful garden at the heart of it all.(当然，这里还有一个游泳池和健身房、六间会议室、两间酒吧和两家餐厅，以及位于这一切中心的一座美丽花园。)”列举酒店的实体设施与舒适环境。C项“The one hundred and forty-five bedrooms, large and well-furnished, are both comfortable and welcoming.(145间客房宽敞、陈设考究，既舒适又温馨宜人。)”承接“不让科技喧宾夺主、强调宜居舒适”，并自然过渡到后续各类配套设施介绍，符合语境。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Your Alarm Sound May Be the Reason Why You Feel Sleepy After Waking Up A team of Australian scientists from RMIT University in Melbourne found that melodic alarms were linked to reductions in “sleep inertia”, (SI) according to a study published in the journal PLOS ONE. SI is the reduction in alertness experienced up to four hours after waking, the researchers said. This phenomenon can affect human performance in a variety of ways. “If you don’t wake properly, your work performance can be degraded for periods up to four hours, and that has been linked to major accidents,” Stuart McFarlane, an author of the study from RMIT, said in a statement. “You would assume that a loud 'beep beep beep’ alarm would improve alertness. However, our data revealed that melodic alarms may be the key element. This was unexpected.” “Although more research is needed to better understand the precise combination of melody and rhythm that might work best, considering that most people use alarms to wake up, the sound you choose may have important consequences,” he said. “This is particularly important for people who might work in dangerous situations shortly after waking, like firefighters or pilots, but also for anyone who has to be rapidly alert, such as someone driving to hospital in an emergency.” For their study, the researchers surveyed 50 people using an online questionnaire, asking various questions about the types of sounds that they used for their alarms and how alert they tended to feel after waking up. The results revealed that the participants who rated their alarm sound as being “melodic” tended to report reductions in SI compared to “unmelodic” or harsh sounds. The study is limited by the fact that the results are based on self-reported survey responses and, thus, the researchers did not directly test how SI is linked to the type of alarm tone. However, they do suggest a potential mechanism to explain the results that they recorded. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Sleep inertia, or SI, refers to the phenomenon that you feel less alert within the four hours after waking up, which may have serious consequences for some professions. A new study, by means of an online questionnaire given to 50 people, showed that if your alarm sound is melodic, you will be more alert than if it is not. 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍一项研究表明旋律型闹铃有助于减轻睡眠惰性，该研究有局限但对高危从业者意义重大。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①SI is the reduction in alertness experienced up to four hours after waking, the researchers said. This phenomenon can affect human performance in a variety of ways. ②If you don’t wake properly, your work performance can be degraded for periods up to four hours, and that has been linked to major accidents. ③However, our data revealed that melodic alarms may be the key element. ④Although more research is needed to better understand the precise combination of melody and rhythm that might work best, considering that most people use alarms to wake up, the sound you choose may have important consequences. ⑤For their study, the researchers surveyed 50 people using an online questionnaire, asking various questions about the types of sounds that they used for their alarms and how alert they tended to feel after waking up. ⑥The results revealed that the participants who rated their alarm sound as being “melodic” tended to report reductions in SI compared to “unmelodic” or harsh sounds. ⑦The study is limited by the fact that the results are based on self-reported survey responses and, thus, the researchers did not directly test how SI is linked to the type of alarm tone. 2. 缜密构思 先用①②介绍睡眠惰性SI及其潜在危险；结合③⑤⑥说明研究方式，点明核心发现：旋律闹铃是改善 SI 的关键；再用④⑦补充：闹铃选择影响重大（尤其高危从业者），但该研究存在局限，仍需更多研究。 3. 遣词造句 Sleep inertia, or SI, refers to the phenomenon that you feel less alert within the four hours after waking up, which may have serious consequences for some professions. A new study, by means of an online questionnaire given to 50 people, showed that if your alarm sound is melodic, you will be more alert than if it is not. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】Sleep inertia, or SI, refers to the phenomenon that you feel less alert within the four hours after waking up, which may have serious consequences for some professions.(运用了which引导非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型 2】A new study, by means of an online questionnaire given to 50 people, showed that if your alarm sound is melodic, you will be more alert than if it is not. (if引导的条件状语从句) IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 对于这个小镇为什么要改名，我百思不得其解。(why)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________ 【答案】I can’t understand at all why this town changed its name. 【解析】 【详解】主语为I；表示“百思不得其解”表达为can’t understand at all；后跟宾语从句，宾语从句缺少原因状语，故用连接副词why引导宾语从句；表示“小镇”表达为small town；表示“改名”表达为change its name。小镇改名是已经发生的过去动作，故宾语从句用一般过去时，且宾语从句需使用陈述语序。 53. 最近读了两部新书，对于这条马路的往事，我又有新的发现。(discovery)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________ 【答案】Recently, I have read two new books, and have also made new discoveries about the past of this road. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意可知描述最近发生的事情对现在有影响，用现在完成时；“最近”用recently；“读了两部新书”用现在完成时，表示为have read two new books，补充主语I；“有新的发现”用固定短语make new discoveries，根据提示词discovery，用复数形式discoveries，make与前面构成并列谓语，也用现在完成时，并且前后用and连接；“对于这条马路的往事”用短语about the past of this road。 54. 在他们看来，无论是过去还是现在，城市都是大众最熟悉的场景与文化载体。(familiar)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________ 【答案】In their view, either in the past or at present, cities are the scenes and cultural carriers that the public are most familiar with. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意，可知描述一般性事实，用一般现在时；“在他们看来”用固定短语in their view；“无论是过去还是现在”用either...or...连接，表示为either in the past or at present；“城市”表示为cities，作主语；“大众最熟悉的”用定语从句修饰先行词scenes and cultural carriers，关系代词用that，“对……最熟悉”用固定短语be most familiar with，主语the public视为复数，be动词用are；“场景与文化载体”表示为scenes and cultural carriers。 55. 研究发现，老年人和年轻人在工作表现上各有千秋，很难说谁更有优势。(advantage)(汉译英) __________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Research shows that the elderly and the young have their own strengths in work performance, and it’s hard to say which group has an advantage over the other. 【解析】 【详解】本句陈述客观研究结论，使用一般现在时。句首“研究发现”可用Research shows that，是主谓宾句型，that引导宾语从句；“老年人和年轻人”对应the elderly and the young，作从句主语；“在工作表现上各有千秋”对应have their own strengths in work performance；“很难说谁更有优势”对应it’s hard to say which group has an advantage over the other，其中which引导宾语从句，have an advantage over为指定词advantage的固定搭配，意为“比……更有优势”。 V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120 — 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近在一份英语杂志上读到一篇题为“The jobs that will no longer exist in a decade”的文章。你对此话题很感兴趣，写一封信给该杂志读者来信专栏，内容须包括：(1) 你认为十年内哪类工作将不复存在；(2) 你的理由。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文： Dear Editor, I recently read an article in your magazine titled “The jobs that will no longer exist in a decade” and found it interesting. Please allow me to share my views. I believe jobs related to traditional print media might vanish within the next ten years. Technology is advancing rapidly, and digital platforms are widely used, leading to a decline in demand for physical newspapers and magazines. As more readers switch to online news sources and digital publications, the need for print journalists, typesetters, and printing press operators may decrease significantly. Moreover, automation and artificial intelligence threaten jobs involving repetitive tasks. Positions like manual data entry, basic accounting, or some customer service roles could be replaced by intelligent machines. Technological advancements enable algorithms and automated systems to perform these tasks more efficiently, reducing human involvement. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】题目要求学生以李明的身份，给一份英语杂志的读者来信专栏写一封信，谈谈自己对“十年内不复存在的工作”的想法，并说明理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 有趣的：interesting→absorbing, engrossing, intriguing 威胁：threaten→endanger, put sth. at risk 取代：replace→substitute, take over 减少：decrease→reduce 2. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：Technology is advancing rapidly, and digital platforms are widely used, leading to a decline in demand for physical newspapers and magazines. 拓展句：With technology advancing rapidly and digital platforms widely used, the demand for physical newspapers and magazines is declining. 【点睛】[高分句型1] As more readers switch to online news sources and digital publications, the need for print journalists, typesetters, and printing press operators may decrease significantly. (运用了As引导时间状语从句) [高分句型2] Technological advancements enable algorithms and automated systems to perform these tasks more efficiently, reducing human involvement. (运用了现在分词作状语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $