上海复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年第二学期高二年级英语学科3月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2023学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科3月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. SeaOrbiter Staring out of your bedroom window, you watch as a great white shark swims by. Soon an octopus comes into view, followed by a jellyfish. You're on the SeaOrbiter, one of the most high-tech vessels (船) ever 1          (create) for ocean exploration. The 60-meter-tall vessel has an unusual design. The top half is above the ocean's surface, while the bottom is underwater. Unlike a ship, the SeaOrbiter is so energy-efficient that it 2          stay in the water for long periods without returning to land to refuel. "Scientists can observe the oceans for months or even years 3          end," SeaOrbiter operations director Bill Todd says. While other vessels make a lot of noise as they move through water, the SeaOrbiter will be quiet. 4          the vessel won't make much noise, it will pick up plenty. Super-sensitive underwater recorders will capture sounds from marine life, such as whales that are too far below the vessel 5          (see). Check out some of the SeaOrbiter's coolest features: The Lab An egg-shaped space with three levels, the above-water marine lab will have several aquariums (水族馆). These will contain small marine animals that scientists can view up close. They can also use the high-tech lab equipment to test pollution levels in seawater. Power Sources The SeaOrbiter will mostly run on solar and wind energy. Its motors will only be turned on 6          necessary, such as when entering a port. "The vessel is very eco-friendly." Todd says. "Our goal is to study the ocean without changing it." Divers' Delight The diving equipment room is located seven meters above the ocean. After putting on scuba gear (潜水装置), scientists will be able to take an outdoor elevator and go 12 meters below the water's surface. Remotely Operated Vehicles Below the surface are Remotely Operated Vehicles, devices 7          let scientists explore underwater mountains, canyons, and even shipwrecks without leaving the vessel. These vehicles can travel deep into the ocean while 8          (send) live video back to the SeaOrbiter. When the SeaOrbiter 9          (launch), it will sail to remote parts of oceans. It will move with the currents while scientists conduct research. This vessel, says Todd, "will help us uncover 10          is hidden in the sea." Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. appears B. changing C. dependent D. dim E. discovery F. exclusively G. reflect H. review I. sexually J. underlying K. vigorously Undercover Wings The nocturnal (夜间活动的) dot-underwing moth (蛾) may use shape-shifting patterns on its wings as a way to attract mates in the dark. In a study published last September in Current Biology, scientists report the 11          on males' forewings of three patches (色斑) that change darkness and size when viewed from particular angles. In females, the entire forewing darkens. Although butterfly and moth species that are active during the day are known to employ visual effects to communicate, researchers had thought their nocturnal cousins relied almost 12          on chemical signals because of the lack of light. But these 13          wing patterns, now found for the first time in a nocturnal moth, suggest the insects may also use visual signals. Because only the males have this pattern, researchers say it is likely a(n) 14          selected mechanism. Jennifer Kelley, an ecologist based at the University of Western Australia, and her colleagues first noticed the visual phenomenon while looking at museum moth specimens (标本) for another project. "As soon as we figured the effect was angle- 15         , we knew that to understand how it works, we had to understand the 16          physics," Kelley says. The group contacted Gerd Schroder-Turk and Bodo Wilts, who are physicists at Murdoch University in Perth and the Adolphe Merkle Institute in Switzerland respectively. Together the researchers found that when the wings are viewed from above, they 17          available light directly, like a dull mirror. When viewed from an angle, however, they let some of the light through to reveal a deeper layer of darkness, which 18          as patches on the male's wings. If the insects were to beat their wings 19          --a common behavior among males approaching potential mates--the patches would flash on and off, creating a striking signal even in very 20          light. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Transition. It's a pleasant word and a calming concept. It means going surely and sweetly from somewhere present to somewhere future. Unless, that is, it is newspapers' transition to the 21          world, an uncertain and highly uncomfortable process. Just look at the latest print circulation figures. The Daily Telegraph, The Guardian and many of the rest are down overall between 8% and 10% year-on-year, but their websites go ever higher. All of that may well be true, depending on timing, geography and more. 22          everyone—from web academics to print analysts—says so. Yet pause for a while and count a few little things that don't 23         . One is the magazine world, both in the UK and in the US. It ought to be 24         , wrecked by the move to the tablets which fit existing magazine page sizes so perfectly. But, in fact, the rate of decline in magazine purchasing is relatively small, with subscriptions holding up strongly and advertising remarkably 25         . As for news and current affairs magazines—which you'd expect to find in the eye of the digital storm—they had an 8.4% increase to report. In short, on both sides of the Atlantic, although some magazine areas went down, many showed rapid growth. You can discover a 26          phenomenon when it comes to books. Kindle and similar e-readers are booming, with sales up massively this year. The apparent first step of transition couldn't be 27         . Yet, when booksellers examined the value of the physical books they sold over the last six months, they found it just 0.4% down. Screen or paper, then? It wasn't one or the other. It was 28         . So if sales in that area have fallen so little, perhaps the 29          mostly affects newspapers? Yet again, though, the messages are oddly 30         . The latest survey of trends by the World Association of Newspapers shows that global circulation rose 1.1% last year (to 812 million copies a day). Sales in the West dropped back but Asia more than 31          the difference. Already 360 US papers—including most of the biggest and best—have built paywalls around their products. However, the best way of attracting a paying readership appears to be a deal that offers the print copy and digital access as some kind of 32          package. 33          print is also a crucial tool in selling internet subscriptions. And its advertising rates raise between nine and ten times more money than online. Of course this huge difference isn't 34          news for newspaper companies, as maintaining both an active website and an active print edition is difficult, complex and expensive. But newspaper brands still have much of their high profile in print. Adrift on the web, the job of just being 35          becomes far harder. 21. A. publishing B. online C. ideal D. unknown 22. A. For instance B. To begin with C. After all D. On the other hand 23. A. fit B. emerge C. exist D. stop 24. A. regulated B. advancing C. collapsing D. minimised 25. A. changeable B. creative C. simple D. solid 26. A. similar B. scientific C. common D. cultural 27. A. later B. harder C. clearer D. slower 28. A. either B. both C. neither D. all 29. A. figure B. crisis C. system D. service 30. A. right B. vague C. designed D. mixed 31. A. made up B. told apart C. took over D. held on 32. A. complex B. modern C. mysterious D. joint 33. A. Even so B. What's more C. On the contrary D. In other words 34. A. good B. big C. sad D. new 35. A. edited B. noticed C. updated D. spared Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） I confess I hesitated when the editor in chief of The New York Times Magazine told me in late 2014 that I would be editing a new front-of-book column called Letter of Recommendation, about stuff people really like. The column, he explained, was the brainchild of our staff writer, Sam Anderson. Sam figured that there was no shortage of places to find out what writers hate but few spaces for writers to talk about what they love. We would push against this trend, 900 words a week, 40-something times per year. The reason for my hesitation was a simple, unfortunate fact about writing. Writing about things you hate is easy: not just fun, but generative. The criticism tends to entertain, even if you disagree, but the ode doesn't. The writerly tone is well-suited to our age, but it's hard not to see it as a collective defense mechanism--as if revealing your true feelings exposes your unmentionable secrets to the public. Obsessions (喜欢), meanwhile, are inseparable from our peculiarities as people--we come to love things for often weird reasons. When the column really works, it's as revealing about the author as it is about its subject. One writer, a man in his late 30s, for example, recommended Pedialyte, which he drinks to balance the effects of both drinking and exercise, and to cheat his way back to youth. I probably see somewhere between three and five Letter of Recommendation pitches a day. It's a great spot for trying out new writers in the magazine, so I try my best to keep up with all the email, but I often fail. (I feel genuinely terrible about this every day of my life.) Determining which to assign involves seeing how it meets the various criteria we've settled on over the years. We don't like the column to be timely -- everything else in the world is timely. But on the other hand, we need to put a headline on the thing that people might reasonably recognize, stop and read about. There should be a personal angle to the recommendation, but also some universally recommendable aspect. But then again, it shouldn't be too recommendable; this isn't a column for lifehacks. The recommendation itself should be attractively unexpected--"sideways," as editors are perhaps too fond of saying--but really, it's just an excuse to cut brilliant writers loose to amuse or inspire us. 36. Sam Anderson proposed a column called Letter of Recommendation because he found A. the fashion trend was not easy to push against B. there was a shortage of good quality columns C. writers could hardly find a place to share their likes D. his brainchild could sometimes increase readership 37. The word "ode" (in paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to A. praise B. blame C. hesitation D. determination 38. Why is the writer in his late 30s mentioned in paragraph 3? A. To give an example of the writerly tone. B. To highlight the way that the column selects writers. C. To show how a collective defense mechanism works. D. To illustrate how writers reveal themselves in the column. 39. The writer hopes that in the column, A. the recommended items are quite familiar to readers B. the recommended items should follow the latest trend C. readers can learn about life skills from the recommendations D. readers will find the recommendations beyond their expectation （B） What inventions have had the greatest impact on the way we live? Most people would mention the wheel, the printing press, the internet, and so on. But pause for a moment and consider the following four contenders. Standard time Time has always existed, but 'standard time' hasn't. Imagine the world today if our clocks weren't synchronised. In the 18th and 19th centuries, towns around the world used their own local time, which was different from town to town. This meant that a train could arrive in one town before it had officially left the previous one! Time zones across the world were only standardised at the beginning of the 20th century, enabling international air travel and global business to take place. The light bulb When the electric light bulb first appeared in the 19th century, it came with a warning sign to be placed on the wall next to the bulb: "Do not attempt to light with a match". Now, perhaps more than any other object in our lives, we take it for granted. Light bulbs light up our cities and roads at night, lead to more flexible working hours, and enable us to do much more with our free time. Imagine your evenings without electric lights! Algorithms An algorithm is defined as "the steps that you follow to solve a problem or reach an answer". The first algorithms date back almost 4,000 years to the Babylonians, but the word itself comes from the 9th century Persian mathematician, Al-Khwarizmi. Algorithms started to make a big impact in the 20th century. They are central to how computers process information and they decide everything from the search results you see when you Google a word, to the time you wait at traffic lights. In fact, you could argue that we are living in the age of the algorithm. It's a shame so few of us understand them! Shipping containers First used in the 1950s, shipping containers are, in many ways, the symbol of our times. They have made globalisation possible. Before shipping containers, goods were loaded and unloaded by hand. Each package had to be carried onto the ship, tied down with ropes and then untied and carried out at the other end. Just unloading a single ship could take 20 men a week, making goods from abroad very expensive. Nowadays, three people operating three cranes can unload a ship in about ten hours. The largest modern ships are four football fields long and can carry almost 15,000 containers. This has made shipping costs low, which has resulted in cheaper goods all over the world and has affected all our lives dramatically. 40. The word "synchronised" (in paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to "________" A. made to adapt to the local time B. made to indicate the time accurately C. made to show the standardised time D. made to ensure that trains arrive on time 41. If we are to put the items from earliest to latest according to when they first appeared, the correct order should be A. the light bulb, shipping containers, algorithms, standard time B. algorithms, the light bulb, standard time, shipping containers C. standard time, algorithms, the light bulb, shipping containers D. shipping containers, standard time, the light bulb, algorithms 42. Which of the following items make it possible for us to buy imported goods at a low price? A. Standard time. B. The light bulb. C. Algorithms. D. Shipping containers. （C） Wild-animal reintroduction programmes aim to set animals bred in zoos back into their natural wild habitat. These projects sound attractive, yet many of them end up with low success rates. Scientists have been exploring the key factors that decide whether reintroduction will succeed. One obvious factor is the condition of the target wild habitat. If the original environment has been severely destroyed or polluted, releasing animals there makes little sense. Even if the habitat is physically intact, we need to make sure there is enough food and suitable shelter for the released animals. Another vital factor is the animals’ skill of survival. Animals raised inside zoos lose many essential wild skills. They may not know how to hunt, avoid natural enemies or search for safe shelters. Therefore, prerelease training programmes are very important. Before being set free, zoo-bred animals should receive practical training: learning to identify natural food sources, recognize and escape from predators. Without such training, most released animals cannot survive long in the wild. Human behaviour also plays a big role. Illegal hunting, poaching and human-animal conflict can wipe out the reintroduced population. Local public education is essential. Residents living nearby should be informed of the significance of this wildlife project, and taught how to coexist peacefully with wild animals. Strict anti-poaching measures must also be carried out. Reintroduction is not simply “opening the cage door and letting animals go”. It is complex systematic work. Only when habitat, animal survival skills and human-related conditions are all well-prepared can a wild-animal reintroduction project achieve long-term success. 43. Why do many animal reintroduction projects fail? A. Zoo animals refuse to leave zoos. B. Multiple key factors are not well-prepared. C. Local residents dislike these wild animals. D. There are too many natural enemies in the wild. 44. What is prerelease training intended for? A. To help animals get used to human beings. B. To check animals’ physical health condition. C. To teach zoo-raised animals necessary survival skills. D. To increase the number of zoo-bred animals. 45. Which of the following measure belongs to human factor preparation? A. Restoring food resources inside the habitat. B. Training animals to escape from predators. C. Repairing damaged wild environment. D. Carrying out anti-poaching laws strictly. 46. What is the main idea of this article? A. Zoo-bred animals are not fit for wild life. B. Wild-animal reintroduction is impractical. C. Successful animal reintroduction requires multiple conditions. D. Human activities are the biggest threat to wild animals. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Five-Star luxury meets up-to-date technology A. Technology changes so quickly these days that the hotel has had to try to forecast possible improvements. B. Being part of the hotel site has huge benefits, both for him and the hotel itself. C. The one hundred and forty-five bedrooms, large and well-furnished, are both comfortable and welcoming. D. He praises its efficiency and talks enthusiastically of the facilities it offers. E. DVD recorders can also be upgraded when necessary. F. Another hi-tech system controls this essential area of comfort. The five-star Merrion Hotel, which has just opened, is the result of considerable research into customer requirements and nearly two years' work on four large eighteenth-century houses in Dublin. Creating a new hotel in this way has allowed the latest technology to be installed. This has been done for the benefit of staff and guests alike. At the Merrion, General Manager Peter MacCann expects his staff to know the guests by name. However, for details of his guests' preference, he relies on the hotel's computer system. It can deal with return guests in the extra-special way that is appropriate to a five-star hotel. Though the system cost £250,000 to install, it will pay for itself over time, according to MacCann. 47          For example, a guest who requests certain music CDs during a first stay will find those same CDs ready for him on a return visit. This is thanks to the guest-history facility which allows staff to key in any number of preferences. Hotel guests all over the world frequently complain about room temperature. 48          Guests have the opportunity to change the temperature themselves within three degrees either side of the normal 18°C but, in addition, each individual room can be adjusted by any amount between 14°C and 25°C at the front desk. 49          Extra cables have been laid to handle whatever scientific advances may occur. The televisions are rented rather than bought, so that they can be replaced with more up-to-date models at any time. Despite the presence of all this very up-to-the-minute equipment in the rooms, MacCann says they have tried hard not to make guests feel threatened by the technology. 50          There are, of course, a swimming pool and gym, six conference rooms, two bars and two restaurants, and a beautiful garden at the heart of it all. Aided by technology, the Merrion looks likely to succeed. III. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Your Alarm Sound May Be the Reason Why You Feel Sleepy After Waking Up A team of Australian scientists from RMIT University in Melbourne found that melodic alarms were linked to reductions in "sleep inertia" (SI), according to a study published in the journal PLOS ONE. SI is the reduction in alertness experienced up to four hours after waking, as the researchers said. This phenomenon can affect human performance in a variety of ways. "If you don't wake properly, your work performance can be degraded for periods up to four hours, and that has been linked to major accidents," Stuart McFarlane, an author of the study from RMIT, said in a statement. "You would assume that a loud 'beep beep beep' alarm would improve alertness. However, our data revealed that melodic alarms may be the key element. This was unexpected." "Although more research is needed to better understand the precise combination of melody and rhythm that might work best, considering that most people use alarms to wake up, the sound you choose may have important consequences," he said. "This is particularly important for people who might work in dangerous situations shortly after waking, like firefighters or pilots, but also for anyone who has to be rapidly alert, such as someone driving to hospital in an emergency." For their study, the researchers surveyed 50 people using an online questionnaire, asking various questions about the types of sounds that they used for their alarms and how alert they tended to feel after waking up. The results revealed that the participants who rated their alarm sound as being "melodic" tended to report reductions in SI compared to "unmelodic" or harsh sounds. The study is limited by the fact that the results are based on self-reported survey responses and, thus, the researchers did not directly test how SI is linked to the type of alarm tone. However, they do suggest a potential mechanism to explain the results that they recorded. IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 对于这个小镇为什么要改名，我百思不得其解。(why) 53. 最近读了两部新书，对于这条马路的往事，我又有新的发现。(discovery) 54. 在他们看来，无论是过去还是现在，城市都是大众最熟悉的场景与文化载体。(familiar) 55. 研究发现，老年人和年轻人在工作表现上各有千秋，很难说谁更有优势。(advantage) V. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假设你是明启中学高二学生李明，最近在一份英语杂志上读到一篇题为 "The jobs that will no longer exist in a decade" 的文章。你对此话题很感兴趣，写一封信给该杂志读者来信专栏，内容须包括： 1) 你认为十年内哪类工作将不复存在； 2) 你的理由。 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2023学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科3月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷　答案 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 1. created 2. can 3. on 4. Although/Though/While 5. to be seen 6. when 7. that/which 8. sending 9. is launched 10. what Section B 11. E 12. F 13. B 14. I 15. C 16. J 17. G 18. A 19. K 20. D II. Reading Comprehension Section A 21. B 22. C 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. D 33. D 34. A 35. B Section B 36. C 37. A 38. D 39. D 40. C 41. B 42. D 43. B 44. C 45. D 46. C Section C 47. D 48. F 49. A 50. C III. Summary Writing 51. Sleep inertia, or SI, refers to the phenomenon that you feel less alert within the four hours after waking up, which may have serious consequences for some professions. A new study, by means of an online questionnaire given to 50 people, showed that if your alarm sound is melodic, you will be more alert than if it is not. IV. Translation 52. I can’t understand at all why this town changed its name. 53. Recently, I have read two new books, and have made new discoveries about the past of this road. 54. In their view, either in the past or at present, cities are the scenes and cultural carriers that the public are most familiar with. 55. Research shows that the elderly and the young have their own strengths and weaknesses in work performance, and it’s hard to say which group has an obvious advantage over the other. V. Guided Writing 56. Dear Editor, I recently came across your article “The jobs that will no longer exist in a decade” and found it intriguing. As a student at Mingqi High School, I would like to share my thoughts. In my opinion, jobs related to traditional print media may disappear within a decade. As more readers switch to online news sources, the demand for physical newspapers and magazines is declining, so the need for print journalists, typesetters, and printing press operators may diminish significantly. Moreover, repetitive routine jobs are also at risk. With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, tasks involving manual data entry, basic accounting, or assembly line work can now be performed by machines more efficiently and accurately, reducing the need for human involvement. Admittedly, while certain jobs may disappear, new opportunities will emerge in fields such as AI and data analysis. 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $