Unit 1 Sport and sportsmanship（知识清单）英语新教材沪教版九年级下册

Unit 1 Sport and sportsmanship 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 一、体育赛事相关 1.___________(锦标赛) ___________________________________________（我们参加了篮球锦标赛。） 2.___________(奥林匹克运动会的) ___________________________________________（奥林匹克精神激励着我们所有人。） 3.___________(奖章；勋章) ___________________________________________（她在比赛中赢得一枚金牌。） 4.___________ (举重) ___________________________________________（举重是奥运比赛项目之一。） 5.___________(祝贺；恭贺) ___________________________________________（祝贺你取得巨大成功！） 6.___________(（体育运动的）教练) ___________________________________________（我们的教练总是鼓励我们。） 7.___________(男性的；雄性的) ___________________________________________（古时候，只有男性运动员可以参赛。） 8.___________(会长；主席) ___________________________________________（主席讲述了奥运会的宗旨。） 二、体育精神、态度与评价 1.___________ (态度；看法) ___________________________________________（面对困难保持积极的态度。） 2.___________(艰难；困苦) ___________________________________________（他们一同克服了许多艰难困苦。） 3.___________ (缜密思考过的；深思熟虑的) __________________________________________（这是一份深思熟虑的训练计划。） 4.___________(标准；水平) ___________________________________________（我们努力达到高训练标准。） 5.___________(人造的；假的) ___________________________________________（这是一则关于比赛的虚假报道。） 三、新闻报道、地域信息场景 1.___________(大字标题) ___________________________________________（这则大字标题报道排球队。） 2.___________ (地区；区域) ___________________________________________（运动员来自世界各个地区。） 四、行为动作与行事方式 1.___________(合作；协作) ___________________________________________（运动员相互合作、彼此尊重。） 2.___________(逃脱；摆脱) ___________________________________________（我们无法逃避艰苦的训练。） 3.___________(更新) ___________________________________________（他们每隔几年更新一次规则。） 4.___________(黏合；粘牢) ___________________________________________（粉丝紧盯屏幕观看比赛。） 5.___________(分别地；单独地) ___________________________________________（不要孤立、单独地看待这些词语。） 短 语 一、动词短语 1.___________（表示尊重） ___________________________________________（我们应当尊重每一位运动员。） 2.___________努力；苦干） ___________________________________________（队员们为梦想每天刻苦训练。） 3.___________（全力以赴） ___________________________________________（我们会在决赛中全力以赴。） 4.___________（报名） ___________________________________________（很多同学想要报名参加运动会。） 5.___________（努力；尽力） ___________________________________________(我会尽力赢得比赛。） 6.___________（全神贯注看着某物） ___________________________________________（所有粉丝紧盯屏幕观看比赛。） 二、介词短语 1.___________（连续几次地） ___________________________________________（他们连续赢下五场比赛。） 2.___________（面对（问题、困难等）） ___________________________________________（面对困难要保持勇敢。） 3.___________（毫无疑问；的确） ___________________________________________（毫无疑问，她是一名优秀的教练。） 三、名词短语 1.___________（斗志；战斗精神） ___________________________________________（我们从排球队身上学习拼搏精神。） 2.___________（浮沉；兴衰） ___________________________________________（这支队伍经历了许多起起落落。） 3.___________（假肢） ___________________________________________（他依靠假肢参加体育运动。） 四、交际用语 1.___________（干得不错；办得好） ___________________________________________（干得不错！你完成了训练任务。） 2.___________（干得好） ___________________________________________（干得好！你通过了测试。） 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 一、询问赛事信息 1.___________________________________________（上周你参加运动会了吗？） 2.___________________________________________（它怎么样？） 3.___________________________________________（你的表现如何？你获奖了吗？） 4.___________________________________________（你其他项目发挥得怎么样？） 二、介绍与评价赛事、个人发挥 ___________________________________________（事实上，运动会办得很成功，大家都玩得很开心。） ___________________________________________（我在每一个参赛项目里都尽了全力。） ___________________________________________（我很开心在 1000 米赛跑中拿到了铜牌！） ___________________________________________（大部分项目还行，但是我跳高发挥不好，我需要多加练习。） 三、祝贺、赞美他人 1.___________________________________________（祝贺你！） 2.___________________________________________（祝贺你（取得成功）！） 3.___________________________________________（太棒啦！） 4.___________________________________________（干得不错！） 5.___________________________________________（干得好！） 语法 复习中考6大核心时态 写作 写一篇运动会新闻报道 一、知识点精讲 1.cooperate v. 合作；协作 【构词】co-（共同）+ operate（操作）→ 一起操作 → 合作 【变形】__________n. 合作；协作 ｜ __________ adj. 合作的；乐于配合的 【搭配】 ①cooperate with sb. (in doing sth.) 和某人合作（做某事） We should cooperate with each other to finish the task. 我们应该互相合作完成这项任务。 ②cooperate to do sth. 合作去做某事 The two teams cooperate to win the match. 两支队伍协作争取赢得比赛。 2.congratulate n. 祝贺；恭贺（动词：congratulate） 【变形】congratulation n. 祝贺；恭贺（常用复数 congratulations） 【句型】 ①congratulate sb. on sth. 因某事祝贺某人 We congratulate the volleyball team on their great success. 我们祝贺排球队取得巨大成功。 ②Congratulations (to you)! 祝贺你！（常用交际用语） —We won the game! —Congratulations! — 我们赢了比赛！— 祝贺你们！ 3.attitude n. 态度；看法 【搭配】attitude __________ sb./sth. 对某人 / 某物的态度 Her attitude towards difficulty is never-give-up. 她面对困难的态度是永不放弃。 4.hardship n. 艰难；困苦 【构词】hard（困难的，adj.）+ -ship（名词后缀，表状态） 【搭配】in the face of hardship 面对艰难困苦 The players keep fighting in the face of hardship. 运动员们在困境面前坚持拼搏。 5.standard n. 标准；水平 【搭配】 meet the standard 达到标准；set a standard 设定标准 They train hard to reach a high standard in speed and power. 他们刻苦训练，在速度和力量上达到高水平。 6.fight v. 拼搏；战斗；奋斗 【变形】过去式 __________；过去分词 __________；__________n. 战士；奋斗者；选手 【搭配】 ①fight for sth. 为…… 而奋斗 We should fight for our dreams. 我们应该为梦想拼搏。 ②fight against sth. 与…… 作斗争 They fight against difficulties together. 他们一起和困难作斗争。 ③keep on fighting 继续拼搏，坚持战斗 No matter what happens, we keep on fighting. 无论发生什么，我们坚持拼搏。 7.inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/v. 激励；鼓舞 【变形】__________ n. 灵感；鼓舞人心的人/事 ｜__________adj. 鼓舞人心的（修饰物）｜__________adj. 受到鼓舞的（修饰人） 【句型】 ① inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事 The Olympic spirit inspires us to try our best. 奥林匹克精神激励我们全力以赴。 ② inspire sth. in sb. 激起某人某种情感 The story inspires hope in all of us. 这个故事在我们所有人心中激起希望。 8.escape v. 逃脱；摆脱 【句型】 ① escape sth. 避开 / 摆脱某事 You can’t escape hard training if you want to win. 想要取胜，就无法摆脱艰苦的训练。 ② escape doing sth. 避免做某事 He escaped being punished this time. 这次他免于受罚。 【拓展】escape n. 逃跑；逃避 There is no escape from the challenge. 无法逃避这项挑战。 9.individually adv. 分别地；单独地 【变形】__________ adj. 单独的；个体的 ｜ __________n. 个人，个体 【搭配】individually and collectively 单独地和集体地 【例句】We should not look at the words of the motto individually.我们不应该孤立地看待这句格言里的每个单词。 10.thoughtful adj. 缜密思考过的；深思熟虑的 【构词】think（v. 思考）→ thought（n. 思考，想法）+ -ful（形容词后缀，充满…… 的） 【变形】__________ v. 思考；__________ n. 想法，思索；__________ adv. 深思熟虑地；体贴地；__________ n. 考虑不周 【拓展】另外一层含义：体贴的，关心他人的 【例句】It was a thoughtful plan for the match.这是一个经过深思熟虑的比赛方案。 重点短语精讲 1.go all out 全力以赴 【例句】We will go all out for victory. 我们将为胜利全力以赴。 2.in a row 连续几次地；一连 【例句】The team won five world titles in a row. 这支队伍一连拿下五次世界冠军。 3.in the face of 面对（问题、困难等） 【例句】Calm down in the face of danger. 面对危险要冷静。 4.ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；起起落落 【例句】Life is full of ups and downs. 人生充满起起落落。 5.without doubt 毫无疑问；的确 【例句】Without doubt, she is one of the best players. 毫无疑问，她是最优秀的运动员之一。 6.try one’s best 努力；尽力 【例句】I will try my best to finish the work. 我会尽力完成这项工作。 7.be glued to 全神贯注看着某物 【例句】The fans are glued to the volleyball match. 球迷们全神贯注观看排球比赛。 8.sign up for 报名 【例句】I want to sign up for the sports meeting. 我想要报名参加运动会。 9.show respect 表示尊重 【例句】We should show respect to our coaches. 我们应当向教练表达尊重。 10.take place 发生；举行（无被动，多指有计划举办） 【例句】The first modern Olympics took place in 1896. 第一届现代奥运会于 1896 年举办。 辨析：happen 多指偶然发生 11.rather than 而不是 【例句】We focus on teamwork rather than only winning. 我们注重团队协作，而不只是取胜。 12.focus on 集中注意力于；聚焦 【例句】Don’t only focus on the score. 不要只盯着分数。 13.cheer for 为…… 欢呼喝彩 【例句】We cheer for athletes from all countries. 我们为各国运动员喝彩。 核心句型 1.not only ... but also ... 不仅…… 而且……（并列连词，就近原则） 【原句 1】We play not only for ourselves, but also for our country. 【原句 2】we not only cheer for our own country’s athletes, but also applaud athletes from other countries. 【仿写】She is not only our teacher, but also our friend. 她不仅是我们的老师，也是我们的朋友。 2.It is /was ... that ... 强调句型（去掉 It is/was 和 that，句子完整） 【原句 1】It is our team spirit that keeps us going. 正是我们的团队精神支撑我们前行。 【原句 2】It was only in 1896 that the first modern Olympics took place in Athens, Greece. 【仿写】It is hard work that helps us make progress. 正是努力帮助我们取得进步。 3.no matter + 疑问词（what/how/who…）引导让步状语从句 = 疑问词 - ever 【原句 1】…no matter what happens. 无论发生什么。 【原句 2】…no matter how strong the other team is. 无论对手有多强大。 【仿写】No matter what you do, never give up. 无论你做什么，都不要放弃。 4.which 引导定语从句 【原句】This was a historic victory which greatly boosted national morale.这是一场历史性的胜利，极大鼓舞了国民士气。 【仿写】This is a story which teaches us to keep trying. 这是一个教会我们坚持努力的故事。 5.believe /the idea is that 引导表语从句、宾语从句 【原句 1】They believe that the important thing is not the medal, but the hard work.他们相信重要的不是奖牌，而是付出的努力。 【原句 2】the central idea behind “Faster, Higher, Stronger” is that it inspires athletes to do their very best. 【仿写】I believe that nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it.我相信，只要用心，一切皆有可能。 6.the way to do sth. 做某事的方式 【原句】the only way to do this is for everyone to work together. 【仿写】The best way to learn is to keep practising. 最好的学习方式是坚持练习。 二、核心语法精讲 动词的六大核心时态 时态 基本结构 常用时间标志词 基本用法 例句 一 般 现 在 时 1. 主语+________+其他 2. 主语+________+其他 every day/week/month/year, usually, often, always, sometimes, seldom, never, on Sundays 1. 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态 2.主语的特征、能力或状态 3. 表示客观真理、科学事实 4. 表示按计划或时刻表将要发生的动作 1. She goes to school at 7:00 every morning. 2. The earth moves around the sun. 3. The train leaves at 7 o'clock. 一 般 过 去 时 1. 主语+________+其他 2. 主语+________+其他 yesterday, last week/month/year, ago, in 2020, just now, the other day, then 1. 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态 2. 表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作 1. He was at home yesterday afternoon. 2. They played basketball after school yesterday. 一 般 将 来 时 1. 主语+________________+其他 2. 主语+________+动词原形+其他 tomorrow, next week/month/year, soon, in the future, in + 一段时间, later 1. 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态 2. 表示将来的计划、打算或预测 1. I will visit my grandparents next Sunday. 2. She is going to buy a new book tomorrow. 现 在 进 行 时 主语+________+________(-ing形式)+其他 now, at the moment, look, listen, these days 1. 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作 2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作（说话时不一定正在做） 1. Look! They are playing football on the playground. 2. He is learning English these days. 过 去 进 行 时 主语+________+________ +其他 at 8:00 yesterday, this time yesterday, while, when + 一般过去时句子 1. 表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作 2. 表示过去两个动作同时进行 1. She was reading a book at 9:00 last night. 2. While my mother was cooking, I was doing my homework. 现 在 完 成 时 主语+__________+__________+其他 already, yet, just, ever, never, since + 过去时间点, for + 时间段, so far, up to now 1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 2. 表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态 1. I have finished my homework already. 2. He has lived in Beijing for 10 years. 三、单元写作清单 一、话题分析 本单元写作任务是写一篇新闻报道（news report），主题为学校运动会。 新闻报道有固定结构：标题（Headline）→导语（Lead，交代 who/what/when/where/why 核心五要素）→主体（Body，赛事细节、选手表现、精彩瞬间、比赛结果）→结尾（End，感想评价、展望）。 写作时态：以一般过去时为主（运动会已经举办完毕）；结尾评价、展望可用一般现在时、一般将来时。 语言特点：简洁客观，同时可以适当描写激动人心的场面，吸引读者。 二、写作框架 ①Headline 标题：简洁亮眼，概括全文（吸引人） Lead 导语：一句话点明：什么时候、在哪里、谁举办了校运会，整体感受 句型模板：Our school held a sports meeting on ... at the school playground. It was a great success. ②Body 主体： 介绍比赛项目：跑步、跳远、跳高、接力赛等 描写精彩瞬间、运动员表现、赛场氛围（同学呐喊加油） 重点比赛结果，亮点人物 ③End 结尾：抒发感受、评价运动会意义；展望下次运动会 句型模板：The sports meeting taught us the spirit of sportsmanship. We are looking forward to the next sports meeting. 三、写作素材 ① 标题备选 Our School Sports Meeting: Full of Passion! Excitement at Our School Sports Meeting Shining Moments at the School Sports Meeting ② 导语常用句 Our school held its annual sports meeting on October 20th on the school playground. 我们学校于 10 月 20 日在操场举办了一年一度的校运会。 Lots of students took part in different games and enjoyed the big day. 很多学生参加了不同项目，享受这一天。 ③ 主体（赛事、场面） There were many events, such as 100-metre race, long jump, high jump and relay race. 比赛项目丰富，有 100 米赛跑、跳远、跳高和接力赛。 All the runners tried their best to run fast. Their classmates cheered loudly for them. 所有赛跑选手奋力冲刺，同学们大声为他们呐喊助威。 Li Hua from Class 3 won the first prize in the boys’ 100-metre race. 三班的李华获得男子 100 米冠军。 It was one of the most exciting moments of the day. 这是当天最激动人心的瞬间之一。 ④ 结尾（感悟、展望） More than winning, the sports meeting showed us the spirit of never giving up. 比起输赢，校运会让我们体会到永不放弃的体育精神。 Everyone had great fun. We are looking forward to next year’s sports meeting. 所有人都玩得很开心，我们期待明年的校运会。 ⑤ 加分词汇 take part in 参加；try one’s best 尽力；cheer for 为…… 欢呼；win the first prize 获得一等奖；sportsmanship 体育精神；exciting moments 激动人心的时刻；relay race 接力赛 四、范文背诵 Shining Moments at Our School Sports Meeting Our school held a wonderful sports meeting on October 20th at the school playground. Students from all grades took part in it. There were many exciting events, including the 100-metre race, long jump, high jump and relay race. All the athletes tried their best in the competitions. The boys’ relay race was the most popular. Students stood by the track and cheered loudly for their classmates. Tom from Class 5 ran fastest and helped his team win first place. It was really a breathtaking moment. The sports meeting was more than matches. It brought us joy and taught us to keep trying and support each other. We are all looking forward to the next school sports meeting. 易错点01错点 01 try one’s best 用法 【助记口诀】物主代词随主语变，后面 to do 要记牢 【错因辨析】 try one’s best 意为 “尽力；努力”，固定搭配 try one’s best to do sth.，one’s 要和主语保持一致，用形容词性物主代词（my/your/his/her/their 等），不能用人称代词宾格。 try to do sth.：努力、尽力去做某事，侧重付出努力，想要达成目标，暗含事情有难度。 try doing sth.：试着做某事（试一试这种方法），侧重试验一种办法，看看效果如何。 易错陷阱：容易漏掉 to，写成 try one’s best do sth.；或者物主代词搭配错误。 同义短语：do one’s best to do sth. 【对点训练】 1.She tried her best _____ _ (escape) from all kinds of hardship in the competition. 2.Why not try ________ (use) a new way? Maybe you can go all out better.（用所给词的正确形式填空） 3.（ ）We will try ______ best ______ our respect to every player. A. our; to show B. us; show C. ours; showing D. we; to show 易错点 02 take part in /join in /join/attend 辨析 【助记口诀】join 加入成成员，join in 小型活动小游戏；take part in 大型赛事活动，attend 出席会议课。 【错因辨析】 join：加入组织、团体、人群，成为其中一员。后面常接 club, team, army 等；也可接 sb.，表示加入某人一起。 join in：多指加入正在进行的小规模活动、小游戏，侧重短时间参与，口语常用，可等于 take part in（小型活动）。 take part in：参加大型比赛、运动会、正式活动，强调主动参与并发挥作用。 attend：侧重出席、到场（会议、讲座、课程、典礼），只强调 “到场”，不一定积极参与活动。 【对点训练】选词填空 take part in      join in     attend      join It is important for teenagers to 1 classes to learn knowledge. We can also 2 some activities such as sports, music, or drama clubs to develop our skills and interests. Besides, we can 3 some study groups to discuss problems with our classmates and share different ideas. Finally, don’t forget to 4 some games with your classmates to have fun and make some new friends. In a word, we need to have more ways to develop all kinds of abilities and make our life colorful. 易错点 03 现在完成时与一般过去时混淆 【助记口诀】过去时点用一过，持续影响现完来 【错因辨析】 一般过去时：搭配明确过去时间（yesterday, last week…），只陈述过去发生的事，与现在无联系。 现在完成时：搭配 already, yet, just, since/for, so far 等，动作发生在过去，但对现在有结果、影响，不能搭配明确过去时间状语。 易错陷阱：看到 for/since 误用一般过去时；或现在完成时误加 yesterday、last week。 【对点训练】 1.He ________ (win) a medal in the championship yesterday.（用所给词的正确形式填空） 2.He ________ (own) this medal for two years. 3.（ ）— ______ you ______ the news about the weightlifting match? — Yes. I ______ it ten minutes ago. A. Have; heard; heard B. Did; hear; have heard C. Have; heard; have heard D. Did; hear; heard 易错点 04 work hard /hard work 【助记口诀】hard 在后是副词，hard 在前作定语 【错因辨析】 work hard：hard 是副词，修饰动词 work，意为 “努力学习；努力拼搏”，结构：动词 + 副词。 例句：Athletes work hard every day. 运动员每天刻苦训练。 hard work：hard 是形容词，修饰名词 work，意为 “繁重的工作、艰苦的努力”，结构：形容词 + 名词。 ❌ Hard work every day.（错误，缺少谓语） ✅ They work hard every day.（正确） 【一句话辨异】If you work hard, your hard work will pay off. 如果你努力拼搏，你的辛苦付出终会有回报。 【对点训练】 1.All the runners ______ to get ready for the race. A. work hard B. hard work C. works hard D. hard works 2.______ is the key to winning the medal. A. Work hard B. Hard work C. Hard working D. Working hard 一、首字母填空 1.The players c________ with each other and finally won the relay race. 2.He got a gold m________ for weightlifting in the sports championship. 3.As a c________, he trains his players patiently every day. 4.We should have a positive a________ towards difficulties in our life. 5.They went through many h________ before they succeeded. 6.The athlete’s f________ leg helped him take part in the race. 7.Nobody can e________ from the challenge in the competition. 8.C________ to you! You won the first place in the championship. 9.The h________ of the news report is short and eye-catching. 10.The a________ of the players decides how well they will perform. 二、单句语法填空 1.He tried his best ________ (break) the record in the weightlifting event. 2.All the fans are glued ________ the screen watching the championship. 3.We congratulate him ________ winning the gold medal in weightlifting. 4.We are looking forward to ________ (sign) up for the school sports meeting. 5.The ________ (inspire) story of the athlete cheers us up. 6.He is one of the best ________ (coach) in this weightlifting team. 7.They ________ (cooperate) well and won the relay race last Friday. 8.It is ________ (think) of you to show respect for every competitor. 9.The players ______ (be) glued to the screen, watching the final championship. 10.Nobody can escape ________ (face) the hardship in the competition. 11.The coach often ________ (inspire) us to go all out in every match. 12.The players ________ (cooperate) with each other at this time yesterday. 13.He ________ (escape) from the pressure and kept a good attitude last week. 14.Our team ________ (sign) up for the weightlifting championship soon. 15.She ________ (keep) this false leg since 2024. 三、语法选择 Eileen Gu is also known as Gu Ailing. She is 1 truly amazing athlete. At the 2026 Milan Winter Olympics, she did 2 and showed the world what it means to be strong and never give up. The 2026 Olympics were 3 running a marathon at sprint pace for Eileen. She competed in three difficult skiing events. It was so challenging that many people wondered 4 she could win another medal. She tried hard and skied perfectly. Finally, she won the gold medal in the Halfpipe. Before the competition, she was 5 tired to sleep well because the race had been postponed (延期) due to heavy snow. But she found a way to win. Eileen became the first Chinese female skier 6 three medals in a single Olympics. After her last event, she said, “ 7 three medals at these Olympics is very difficult. I am so proud 8 myself.” Her story shows that anyone 9 works hard can achieve great things. It took thousands of hours of practice 10 her a champion. Eileen is known for 11 risks and pushing her limits. She believes fear can help you do better. She said, “There is nothing 12 than challenging myself.” She hopes to encourage more girls to try extreme sports, 13 gender shouldn’t limit potential. In the future, Eileen 14 skiing and studying. She wants to promote winter sports in China and help 15 young people realize their dreams. 1．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．A．anything incredible B．incredible anything C．something incredible D．incredible something 3．A．likes B．liking C．like D．liked 4．A．that B．if C．what D．which 5．A．too B．so C．very D．enough 6．A．to win B．win C．winning D．won 7．A．Get B．To getting C．Getting D．Got 8．A．with B．for C．about D．of 9．A．who B．which C．whom D．whose 10．A．make B．making C．to make D．made 11．A．take B．to take C．took D．taking 12．A．exciting B．more exciting C．most exciting D．excited 13．A．when B．but C．as D．unless 14．A．continues B．will continue C．continued D．has continued 15．A．other B．another C．others D．the others 四、阅读理解 阅读短文，从每小题四个选项中选最佳答案。 Sportsmanship (体育精神) means playing fair, respecting opponents, and accepting results gracefully — win or lose. It is considered one of the most valuable lessons sports can teach us. A famous example happened during a marathon. A runner from Kenya tripped and hurt his knee badly. Instead of quitting, he stood up and kept running. Another competitor from a rival (对手) country slowed down, stayed beside him for a while, and even helped him walk a few steps before continuing his own race. Though neither won a medal that day, both were applauded (鼓掌) by millions online. Such moments show that the true value of sports is not only the scoreboard. Respect, kindness and helping others often shine brighter than gold medals. Schools today pay more attention to building sportsmanship among students. They hold classes about fair play and invite athletes to share their stories. Slowly, more young people understand: being a good sport is about character, not just ability. In the long run, these values go beyond the playground. They help students become responsible, caring and strong-minded adults in society. 1．What is the main meaning of sportsmanship according to the passage? A．Always trying to win at any cost. B．Playing fair, respecting opponents and accepting results gracefully. C．Only caring about scores and medals. D．Quitting when injured. 2．What did the rival runner do when seeing the injured Kenyan runner? A．Laughed at him. B．Reported him to the judge. C．Slowed down and helped him for a while. D．Ran away quickly to win the race. 3．Why were both runners applauded by millions? A．Because they both won medals. B．Because of their respect and kindness shown in the race. C．Because they broke a world record. D．Because they were from the same country. 4．What do schools do to build sportsmanship? A．Cancel all sports meetings. B．Only reward gold-medal winners. C．Force students to train 10 hours a day. D．Hold fair-play classes and invite athletes to share stories. 5．The writer wants to tell us that sports values finally help students ________. A．only become better players B．become responsible, caring and strong-minded adults C．avoid all difficulties in life D．give up studying 五、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Chinese women’s volleyball team is one of China’s greatest sports teams. However, it didn’t achieve success 1 ease. Many years ago, some teams in other countries were much 2 (popular) than the Chinese team. In 1976, a new Chinese national women’s volleyball team was founded, with Yuan Weimin as head coach. Yuan spent plenty of time training players and teaching them skills. Finally, the team won the Asian Women’s Volleyball Championship (冠军) in 1979. The victory 3 (great) improved the players’ confidence. From then on, they kept going with a strong will. From 1981 to 1986, the team created 4 (miracle) one after another: they won five consecutive championships (五连冠) in several important volleyball competitions in the world. Among them, the gold medal (金牌) at the 1984 Olympics was the most meaningful 5 it was China’s first Olympic gold in volleyball. At the 2004 Olympics, the team shocked everyone. In the final (决赛), they faced difficult challenges, but they didn’t give up and won their 6 (two) Olympic gold. Over the next few years, the team had 7 hard time. However, the players chose 8 (support) each other and pull together. In 2016, the team became the champion at the Rio Olympics. Today, millions of people keep 9 (admire) the team members, not only for their achievements, but also for their spirit of never giving up. They have become a(n) 10 (inspire) team, and their stories encourage young people not to give up. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Sport and sportsmanship 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 一、体育赛事相关 1.championship (锦标赛) We took part in the basketball championship.（我们参加了篮球锦标赛。） 2.Olympic (奥林匹克运动会的) The Olympic spirit inspires us all.（奥林匹克精神激励着我们所有人。） 3.medal (奖章；勋章) She won a gold medal in the game.（她在比赛中赢得一枚金牌。） 4.weightlifting (举重) Weightlifting is one of the Olympic events.（举重是奥运比赛项目之一。） 5.congratulation (祝贺；恭贺) Congratulations on your great success!（祝贺你取得巨大成功！） 6.coach (（体育运动的）教练) Our coach always encourages us.（我们的教练总是鼓励我们。） 7.male (男性的；雄性的) In ancient times, only male athletes could join.（古时候，只有男性运动员可以参赛。） 8.president (会长；主席) The president spoke about the Olympic aim.（主席讲述了奥运会的宗旨。） 二、体育精神、态度与评价 1.attitude (态度；看法) Keep a positive attitude towards difficulties.（面对困难保持积极的态度。） 2.hardship (艰难；困苦) They overcame many hardships together.（他们一同克服了许多艰难困苦。） 3.thoughtful (缜密思考过的；深思熟虑的) It is a thoughtful training plan.（这是一份深思熟虑的训练计划。） 4.standard (标准；水平) We try to reach a high standard in training.（我们努力达到高训练标准。） 5.false (人造的；假的) This is a false report about the match.（这是一则关于比赛的虚假报道。） 三、新闻报道、地域信息场景 1.headline (大字标题) The headline talks about the volleyball team.（这则大字标题报道排球队。） 2.region (地区；区域) Athletes come from every region of the world.（运动员来自世界各个地区。） 四、行为动作与行事方式 1.cooperate (合作；协作) Athletes cooperate and respect each other.（运动员相互合作、彼此尊重。） 2.escape (逃脱；摆脱) We cannot escape from hard training.（我们无法逃避艰苦的训练。） 3.update (更新) They update the rules every few years.（他们每隔几年更新一次规则。） 4.glue (黏合；粘牢) Fans are glued to the screen to watch games.（粉丝紧盯屏幕观看比赛。） 5.individually (分别地；单独地) Don’t look at the words individually.（不要孤立、单独地看待这些词语。） 短 语 一、动词短语 1.show respect（表示尊重）We should show respect to every athlete.（我们应当尊重每一位运动员。） 2.work hard（努力；苦干）The players work hard every day for their dream.（队员们为梦想每天刻苦训练。） 3.go all out（全力以赴）We will go all out in the final match.（我们会在决赛中全力以赴。） 4.sign up for（报名）Many students want to sign up for the sports meeting.（很多同学想要报名参加运动会。） 5.try one's best（努力；尽力）I will try my best to win the game.（我会尽力赢得比赛。） 6.be glued to（全神贯注看着某物）All fans are glued to the screen watching the match.（所有粉丝紧盯屏幕观看比赛。） 二、介词短语 1.in a row（连续几次地）They won five games in a row.（他们连续赢下五场比赛。） 2.in the face of（面对（问题、困难等））Stay brave in the face of hardship.（面对困难要保持勇敢。） 3.without doubt（毫无疑问；的确）Without doubt, she is an excellent coach.（毫无疑问，她是一名优秀的教练。） 三、名词短语 1.fighting spirit（斗志；战斗精神）We learn the fighting spirit from the volleyball team.（我们从排球队身上学习拼搏精神。） 2.ups and downs（浮沉；兴衰）The team has experienced many ups and downs.（这支队伍经历了许多起起落落。） 3.false leg（假肢）He plays sports with a false leg.（他依靠假肢参加体育运动。） 四、交际用语 1.good job（干得不错；办得好）Good job! You finished the training task.（干得不错！你完成了训练任务。） 2.well done（干得好）Well done! You passed the test.（干得好！你通过了测试。） 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 一、询问赛事信息 1.Did you take part in the sports meeting last week?（上周你参加运动会了吗？） 2.How was it?（它怎么样？） 3.What about your performance? Did you win any medals?（你的表现如何？你获奖了吗？） 4.How did you do in the other events?（你其他项目发挥得怎么样？） 二、介绍与评价赛事、个人发挥 Actually, it was a great success. Everyone enjoyed it.（事实上，运动会办得很成功，大家都玩得很开心。） I tried my best in every event I competed in.（我在每一个参赛项目里都尽了全力。） I was happy that I won the bronze medal in the 1,000-metre race!（我很开心在 1000 米赛跑中拿到了铜牌！） Most of the events were OK, but I didn’t do well in the high jump. I need to practise more.（大部分项目还行，但是我跳高发挥不好，我需要多加练习。） 三、祝贺、赞美他人 1.Congratulations!（祝贺你！） 2.Congratulations (on your success)!（祝贺你（取得成功）！） 3.Fantastic!（太棒啦！） 4.Good job!（干得不错！） 5.Well done!（干得好！） 语法 复习中考6大核心时态 写作 写一篇运动会新闻报道 一、知识点精讲 1.cooperate v. 合作；协作 【构词】co-（共同）+ operate（操作）→ 一起操作 → 合作 【变形】cooperation n. 合作；协作 ｜ cooperative adj. 合作的；乐于配合的 【搭配】 ①cooperate with sb. (in doing sth.) 和某人合作（做某事） We should cooperate with each other to finish the task. 我们应该互相合作完成这项任务。 ②cooperate to do sth. 合作去做某事 The two teams cooperate to win the match. 两支队伍协作争取赢得比赛。 2.congratulate n. 祝贺；恭贺（动词：congratulate） 【变形】congratulation n. 祝贺；恭贺（常用复数 congratulations） 【句型】 ①congratulate sb. on sth. 因某事祝贺某人 We congratulate the volleyball team on their great success. 我们祝贺排球队取得巨大成功。 ②Congratulations (to you)! 祝贺你！（常用交际用语） —We won the game! —Congratulations! — 我们赢了比赛！— 祝贺你们！ 3.attitude n. 态度；看法 【搭配】attitude to/towards sb./sth. 对某人 / 某物的态度 Her attitude towards difficulty is never-give-up. 她面对困难的态度是永不放弃。 4.hardship n. 艰难；困苦 【构词】hard（困难的，adj.）+ -ship（名词后缀，表状态） 【搭配】in the face of hardship 面对艰难困苦 The players keep fighting in the face of hardship. 运动员们在困境面前坚持拼搏。 5.standard n. 标准；水平 【搭配】 meet the standard 达到标准；set a standard 设定标准 They train hard to reach a high standard in speed and power. 他们刻苦训练，在速度和力量上达到高水平。 6.fight v. 拼搏；战斗；奋斗 【变形】过去式 fought；过去分词 fought；fighter n. 战士；奋斗者；选手 【搭配】 ①fight for sth. 为…… 而奋斗 We should fight for our dreams. 我们应该为梦想拼搏。 ②fight against sth. 与…… 作斗争 They fight against difficulties together. 他们一起和困难作斗争。 ③keep on fighting 继续拼搏，坚持战斗 No matter what happens, we keep on fighting. 无论发生什么，我们坚持拼搏。 7.inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/v. 激励；鼓舞 【变形】inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞人心的人/事 ｜ inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的（修饰物）｜ inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的（修饰人） 【句型】 ① inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事 The Olympic spirit inspires us to try our best. 奥林匹克精神激励我们全力以赴。 ② inspire sth. in sb. 激起某人某种情感 The story inspires hope in all of us. 这个故事在我们所有人心中激起希望。 8.escape v. 逃脱；摆脱 【句型】 ① escape sth. 避开 / 摆脱某事 You can’t escape hard training if you want to win. 想要取胜，就无法摆脱艰苦的训练。 ② escape doing sth. 避免做某事 He escaped being punished this time. 这次他免于受罚。 【拓展】escape n. 逃跑；逃避 There is no escape from the challenge. 无法逃避这项挑战。 9.individually adv. 分别地；单独地 【变形】individual adj. 单独的；个体的 ｜ individual n. 个人，个体 【搭配】individually and collectively 单独地和集体地 【例句】We should not look at the words of the motto individually.我们不应该孤立地看待这句格言里的每个单词。 10.thoughtful adj. 缜密思考过的；深思熟虑的 【构词】think（v. 思考）→ thought（n. 思考，想法）+ -ful（形容词后缀，充满…… 的） 【变形】think v. 思考；thought n. 想法，思索；thoughtfully adv. 深思熟虑地；体贴地；thoughtlessness n. 考虑不周 【拓展】另外一层含义：体贴的，关心他人的 【例句】It was a thoughtful plan for the match.这是一个经过深思熟虑的比赛方案。 重点短语精讲 1.go all out 全力以赴 【例句】We will go all out for victory. 我们将为胜利全力以赴。 2.in a row 连续几次地；一连 【例句】The team won five world titles in a row. 这支队伍一连拿下五次世界冠军。 3.in the face of 面对（问题、困难等） 【例句】Calm down in the face of danger. 面对危险要冷静。 4.ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；起起落落 【例句】Life is full of ups and downs. 人生充满起起落落。 5.without doubt 毫无疑问；的确 【例句】Without doubt, she is one of the best players. 毫无疑问，她是最优秀的运动员之一。 6.try one’s best 努力；尽力 【例句】I will try my best to finish the work. 我会尽力完成这项工作。 7.be glued to 全神贯注看着某物 【例句】The fans are glued to the volleyball match. 球迷们全神贯注观看排球比赛。 8.sign up for 报名 【例句】I want to sign up for the sports meeting. 我想要报名参加运动会。 9.show respect 表示尊重 【例句】We should show respect to our coaches. 我们应当向教练表达尊重。 10.take place 发生；举行（无被动，多指有计划举办） 【例句】The first modern Olympics took place in 1896. 第一届现代奥运会于 1896 年举办。 辨析：happen 多指偶然发生 11.rather than 而不是 【例句】We focus on teamwork rather than only winning. 我们注重团队协作，而不只是取胜。 12.focus on 集中注意力于；聚焦 【例句】Don’t only focus on the score. 不要只盯着分数。 13.cheer for 为…… 欢呼喝彩 【例句】We cheer for athletes from all countries. 我们为各国运动员喝彩。 核心句型 1.not only ... but also ... 不仅…… 而且……（并列连词，就近原则） 【原句 1】We play not only for ourselves, but also for our country. 【原句 2】we not only cheer for our own country’s athletes, but also applaud athletes from other countries. 【仿写】She is not only our teacher, but also our friend. 她不仅是我们的老师，也是我们的朋友。 2.It is /was ... that ... 强调句型（去掉 It is/was 和 that，句子完整） 【原句 1】It is our team spirit that keeps us going. 正是我们的团队精神支撑我们前行。 【原句 2】It was only in 1896 that the first modern Olympics took place in Athens, Greece. 【仿写】It is hard work that helps us make progress. 正是努力帮助我们取得进步。 3.no matter + 疑问词（what/how/who…）引导让步状语从句 = 疑问词 - ever 【原句 1】…no matter what happens. 无论发生什么。 【原句 2】…no matter how strong the other team is. 无论对手有多强大。 【仿写】No matter what you do, never give up. 无论你做什么，都不要放弃。 4.which 引导定语从句 【原句】This was a historic victory which greatly boosted national morale.这是一场历史性的胜利，极大鼓舞了国民士气。 【仿写】This is a story which teaches us to keep trying. 这是一个教会我们坚持努力的故事。 5.believe /the idea is that 引导表语从句、宾语从句 【原句 1】They believe that the important thing is not the medal, but the hard work.他们相信重要的不是奖牌，而是付出的努力。 【原句 2】the central idea behind “Faster, Higher, Stronger” is that it inspires athletes to do their very best. 【仿写】I believe that nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it.我相信，只要用心，一切皆有可能。 6.the way to do sth. 做某事的方式 【原句】the only way to do this is for everyone to work together. 【仿写】The best way to learn is to keep practising. 最好的学习方式是坚持练习。 二、核心语法精讲 动词的六大核心时态 时态 基本结构 常用时间标志词 基本用法 例句 一 般 现 在 时 1. 主语+be动词(am/is/are)+其他 2. 主语+实义动词原形/第三人称单数形式+其他 every day/week/month/year, usually, often, always, sometimes, seldom, never, on Sundays 1. 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态 2.主语的特征、能力或状态 3. 表示客观真理、科学事实 4. 表示按计划或时刻表将要发生的动作 1. She goes to school at 7:00 every morning. 2. The earth moves around the sun. 3. The train leaves at 7 o'clock. 一 般 过 去 时 1. 主语+be动词(was/were)+其他 2. 主语+实义动词过去式+其他 yesterday, last week/month/year, ago, in 2020, just now, the other day, then 1. 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态 2. 表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作 1. He was at home yesterday afternoon. 2. They played basketball after school yesterday. 一 般 将 来 时 1. 主语+will/shall+动词原形+其他 2. 主语+be going to+动词原形+其他 tomorrow, next week/month/year, soon, in the future, in + 一段时间, later 1. 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态 2. 表示将来的计划、打算或预测 1. I will visit my grandparents next Sunday. 2. She is going to buy a new book tomorrow. 现 在 进 行 时 主语+am/is/are+动词现在分词(-ing形式)+其他 now, at the moment, look, listen, these days 1. 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作 2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作（说话时不一定正在做） 1. Look! They are playing football on the playground. 2. He is learning English these days. 过 去 进 行 时 主语+was/were+动词现在分词(-ing形式)+其他 at 8:00 yesterday, this time yesterday, while, when + 一般过去时句子 1. 表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作 2. 表示过去两个动作同时进行 1. She was reading a book at 9:00 last night. 2. While my mother was cooking, I was doing my homework. 现 在 完 成 时 主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他 already, yet, just, ever, never, since + 过去时间点, for + 时间段, so far, up to now 1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 2. 表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态 1. I have finished my homework already. 2. He has lived in Beijing for 10 years. 三、单元写作清单 一、话题分析 本单元写作任务是写一篇新闻报道（news report），主题为学校运动会。 新闻报道有固定结构：标题（Headline）→导语（Lead，交代 who/what/when/where/why 核心五要素）→主体（Body，赛事细节、选手表现、精彩瞬间、比赛结果）→结尾（End，感想评价、展望）。 写作时态：以一般过去时为主（运动会已经举办完毕）；结尾评价、展望可用一般现在时、一般将来时。 语言特点：简洁客观，同时可以适当描写激动人心的场面，吸引读者。 二、写作框架 ①Headline 标题：简洁亮眼，概括全文（吸引人） Lead 导语：一句话点明：什么时候、在哪里、谁举办了校运会，整体感受 句型模板：Our school held a sports meeting on ... at the school playground. It was a great success. ②Body 主体： 介绍比赛项目：跑步、跳远、跳高、接力赛等 描写精彩瞬间、运动员表现、赛场氛围（同学呐喊加油） 重点比赛结果，亮点人物 ③End 结尾：抒发感受、评价运动会意义；展望下次运动会 句型模板：The sports meeting taught us the spirit of sportsmanship. We are looking forward to the next sports meeting. 三、写作素材 ① 标题备选 Our School Sports Meeting: Full of Passion! Excitement at Our School Sports Meeting Shining Moments at the School Sports Meeting ② 导语常用句 Our school held its annual sports meeting on October 20th on the school playground. 我们学校于 10 月 20 日在操场举办了一年一度的校运会。 Lots of students took part in different games and enjoyed the big day. 很多学生参加了不同项目，享受这一天。 ③ 主体（赛事、场面） There were many events, such as 100-metre race, long jump, high jump and relay race. 比赛项目丰富，有 100 米赛跑、跳远、跳高和接力赛。 All the runners tried their best to run fast. Their classmates cheered loudly for them. 所有赛跑选手奋力冲刺，同学们大声为他们呐喊助威。 Li Hua from Class 3 won the first prize in the boys’ 100-metre race. 三班的李华获得男子 100 米冠军。 It was one of the most exciting moments of the day. 这是当天最激动人心的瞬间之一。 ④ 结尾（感悟、展望） More than winning, the sports meeting showed us the spirit of never giving up. 比起输赢，校运会让我们体会到永不放弃的体育精神。 Everyone had great fun. We are looking forward to next year’s sports meeting. 所有人都玩得很开心，我们期待明年的校运会。 ⑤ 加分词汇 take part in 参加；try one’s best 尽力；cheer for 为…… 欢呼；win the first prize 获得一等奖；sportsmanship 体育精神；exciting moments 激动人心的时刻；relay race 接力赛 四、范文背诵 Shining Moments at Our School Sports Meeting Our school held a wonderful sports meeting on October 20th at the school playground. Students from all grades took part in it. There were many exciting events, including the 100-metre race, long jump, high jump and relay race. All the athletes tried their best in the competitions. The boys’ relay race was the most popular. Students stood by the track and cheered loudly for their classmates. Tom from Class 5 ran fastest and helped his team win first place. It was really a breathtaking moment. The sports meeting was more than matches. It brought us joy and taught us to keep trying and support each other. We are all looking forward to the next school sports meeting. 易错点01错点 01 try one’s best 用法 【助记口诀】物主代词随主语变，后面 to do 要记牢 【错因辨析】 try one’s best 意为 “尽力；努力”，固定搭配 try one’s best to do sth.，one’s 要和主语保持一致，用形容词性物主代词（my/your/his/her/their 等），不能用人称代词宾格。 try to do sth.：努力、尽力去做某事，侧重付出努力，想要达成目标，暗含事情有难度。 try doing sth.：试着做某事（试一试这种方法），侧重试验一种办法，看看效果如何。 易错陷阱：容易漏掉 to，写成 try one’s best do sth.；或者物主代词搭配错误。 同义短语：do one’s best to do sth. 【对点训练】 1.She tried her best _____ _ (escape) from all kinds of hardship in the competition. 【答案】to escape 【详解】句意：她尽全力去摆脱比赛中的种种艰难困苦。固定搭配 try one’s best to do sth.，后面需要接不定式 to do。故填 to escape。 2.Why not try ________ (use) a new way? Maybe you can go all out better.（用所给词的正确形式填空） 【答案】using 【详解】句意：为什么不试着用一种新方法呢？也许你能更好地全力以赴。此处侧重尝试一种办法，看效果，用 try doing sth.。故填 using。 3.（ ）We will try ______ best ______ our respect to every player. A. our; to show B. us; show C. ours; showing D. we; to show 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们会尽我们所能向每一位选手表示尊重。主语 we 对应的形容词性物主代词是 our；try one’s best to do sth. 固定结构，用不定式 to do。故选 A。 易错点 02 take part in /join in /join/attend 辨析 【助记口诀】join 加入成成员，join in 小型活动小游戏；take part in 大型赛事活动，attend 出席会议课。 【错因辨析】 join：加入组织、团体、人群，成为其中一员。后面常接 club, team, army 等；也可接 sb.，表示加入某人一起。 join in：多指加入正在进行的小规模活动、小游戏，侧重短时间参与，口语常用，可等于 take part in（小型活动）。 take part in：参加大型比赛、运动会、正式活动，强调主动参与并发挥作用。 attend：侧重出席、到场（会议、讲座、课程、典礼），只强调 “到场”，不一定积极参与活动。 【对点训练】选词填空 take part in      join in     attend      join It is important for teenagers to 1 classes to learn knowledge. We can also 2 some activities such as sports, music, or drama clubs to develop our skills and interests. Besides, we can 3 some study groups to discuss problems with our classmates and share different ideas. Finally, don’t forget to 4 some games with your classmates to have fun and make some new friends. In a word, we need to have more ways to develop all kinds of abilities and make our life colorful. 【答案】1．attend 2．take part in 3．join 4．join in 【导语】本文介绍青少年通过多种方式来发展能力、丰富生活。 【详解】1．句意：对青少年来说，上课学习知识很重要。 根据“It is important for teenagers to ... classes to learn knowledge.”及备选词可知，attend表示参加（课程、会议等）；根据It is + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.可知，to后加动词原形。故填attend。 2．句意：我们也可以参加一些活动，如体育、音乐或戏剧俱乐部，来发展我们的技能和兴趣。 根据“We can also ... some activities such as sports”及备选词可知，take part in表示参加有组织、具一定规模的活动；can后用动词原形。故填take part in。 3．句意：此外，我们可以加入一些学习小组，和同学讨论问题、分享不同想法。 根据“we can ... some study groups”及备选词可知，join表示加入某个组织、团体等；can后用动词原形。故填join。 4．句意：最后，别忘了和同学一起参加一些游戏，开心一下并交些新朋友。 根据“don’t forget to ... some games”及备选词可知，join in指参加小规模的活动；根据forget to do sth.可知，to后加动词原形。故填join in。 易错点 03 现在完成时与一般过去时混淆 【助记口诀】过去时点用一过，持续影响现完来 【错因辨析】 一般过去时：搭配明确过去时间（yesterday, last week…），只陈述过去发生的事，与现在无联系。 现在完成时：搭配 already, yet, just, since/for, so far 等，动作发生在过去，但对现在有结果、影响，不能搭配明确过去时间状语。 易错陷阱：看到 for/since 误用一般过去时；或现在完成时误加 yesterday、last week。 【对点训练】 1.He ________ (win) a medal in the championship yesterday.（用所给词的正确形式填空） 【答案】won 【详解】句意：他昨天在锦标赛中赢得了一枚奖牌。yesterday 是明确的过去时间状语，只说明昨天发生的事情，和现在没有关联，要用一般过去时。win 的过去式是 won。故填 won。 2.He ________ (own) this medal for two years. 【答案】has owned 【详解】句意：他拥有这枚奖牌已经两年了。for two years 表示状态从过去持续到现在，是现在完成时的标志；主语 he 是第三人称单数，助动词用 has。故填 has owned。 3.（ ）— ______ you ______ the news about the weightlifting match? — Yes. I ______ it ten minutes ago. A. Have; heard; heard B. Did; hear; have heard C. Have; heard; have heard D. Did; hear; heard 【答案】A 【详解】句意：—— 你听说举重比赛的消息了吗？—— 听说了，我十分钟前听到的。第一空强调对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时；第二空 ten minutes ago 是明确过去时间，只能用一般过去时。故选 A。 易错点 04 work hard /hard work 【助记口诀】hard 在后是副词，hard 在前作定语 【错因辨析】 work hard：hard 是副词，修饰动词 work，意为 “努力学习；努力拼搏”，结构：动词 + 副词。 例句：Athletes work hard every day. 运动员每天刻苦训练。 hard work：hard 是形容词，修饰名词 work，意为 “繁重的工作、艰苦的努力”，结构：形容词 + 名词。 ❌ Hard work every day.（错误，缺少谓语） ✅ They work hard every day.（正确） 【一句话辨异】If you work hard, your hard work will pay off. 如果你努力拼搏，你的辛苦付出终会有回报。 【对点训练】 1.All the runners ______ to get ready for the race. A. work hard B. hard work C. works hard D. hard works 【答案】A 【解析】原句句意：所有赛跑选手努力训练，为比赛做好准备。空格处需要谓语，work 是动词，hard 为副词修饰 work；主语 runners 是复数，谓语用 work hard。 2.______ is the key to winning the medal. A. Work hard B. Hard work C. Hard working D. Working hard 【答案】B 【解析】原句句意：艰苦的付出是赢得奖牌的关键。本空在句中作主语，需要名词短语；hard 是形容词修饰名词 work，选 Hard work。 一、首字母填空 1.The players c________ with each other and finally won the relay race. 【答案】(c) ooperated 【详解】句意：运动员们互相协作，最终赢得了接力赛。根据句意和首字母，cooperate“合作，协作” 符合语境；句子时态为一般过去时，填 cooperated。故填 (c) ooperated。 2.He got a gold m________ for weightlifting in the sports championship. 【答案】(m) edal 【详解】句意：他在举重锦标赛中获得一枚金牌。根据句意和首字母，medal “奖章” 符合，a 后接单数名词。故填 (m) edal。 3.As a c________, he trains his players patiently every day. 【答案】(c) oach 【详解】句意：作为一名教练，他每天耐心训练队员。根据句意和首字母，coach “教练” 符合，a 后接单数名词。故填 (c) oach。 4.We should have a positive a________ towards difficulties in our life. 【答案】(a) ttitude 【详解】句意：面对生活中的困难，我们应该持有积极的态度。根据句意和首字母，attitude“态度，看法” 符合。故填 (a) ttitude。 5.They went through many h________ before they succeeded. 【答案】(h) ardships 【详解】句意：在成功之前，他们经历了许多艰难困苦。many 后接可数名词复数，hardship“艰难、困苦”，复数 hardships。故填 (h) ardships。 6.The athlete’s f________ leg helped him take part in the race. 【答案】(f) alse 【详解】句意：这位运动员的假肢帮助他参加了比赛。false“假的，人造的”，false leg 假肢，符合句意。故填 (f) alse。 7.Nobody can e________ from the challenge in the competition. 【答案】(e) scape 【详解】句意：没有人能逃避比赛中的挑战。escape“逃脱、摆脱”，情态动词 can 后用动词原形。故填 (e) scape。 8.C________ to you! You won the first place in the championship. 【答案】(C) ongratulations 【详解】句意：祝贺你！你在锦标赛中获得第一名。congratulation 表示祝贺时常用复数 Congratulations。故填 (C) ongratulations。 9.The h________ of the news report is short and eye-catching. 【答案】(h) eadline 【详解】句意：这篇新闻报道的标题简短、吸引人。headline “大字标题” 符合语境。故填 (h) eadline。 10.The a________ of the players decides how well they will perform. 【答案】(a) ttitude 【详解】句意：运动员的态度决定他们发挥的好坏。attitude “态度”，谓语 decides 为三单，主语用单数。故填 (a) ttitude。 二、单句语法填空 1.He tried his best ________ (break) the record in the weightlifting event. 【答案】to break 【详解】句意：他尽力打破举重项目的记录。固定搭配 try one’s best to do sth. “尽力做某事”。故填 to break。 2.All the fans are glued ________ the screen watching the championship. 【答案】to 【详解】句意：所有粉丝紧盯屏幕观看锦标赛。固定短语 be glued to “全神贯注盯着”，介词用 to。故填 to。 3.We congratulate him ________ winning the gold medal in weightlifting. 【答案】on 【详解】句意：我们祝贺他赢得举重金牌。固定搭配 congratulate sb. on sth. “因某事祝贺某人”。故填 on。 4.We are looking forward to ________ (sign) up for the school sports meeting. 【答案】signing 【详解】句意：我们期待报名参加校运会。look forward to 中 to 是介词，后面接动名词。故填 signing。 5.The ________ (inspire) story of the athlete cheers us up. 【答案】inspiring 【详解】句意：这位运动员鼓舞人心的故事激励着我们。修饰名词 story（事物），用 - ing 结尾形容词 inspiring，表示 “令人鼓舞的”。 6.He is one of the best ________ (coach) in this weightlifting team. 【答案】coaches 【详解】句意：他是这支举重队里最好的教练之一。固定结构 one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数，coach 变复数 coaches。 7.They ________ (cooperate) well and won the relay race last Friday. 【答案】cooperated 【详解】句意：他们配合默契，在上周五赢得了接力赛。时间状语 last Friday 为过去时间，谓语动词用一般过去式 cooperated。 8.It is ________ (think) of you to show respect for every competitor. 【答案】thoughtful 【详解】句意：你能尊重每一位参赛者，考虑得很周到。be 动词后需要形容词作表语，thought 的形容词形式 thoughtful，意为 “深思熟虑的、体贴周到的”。 9.The players ______ (be) glued to the screen, watching the final championship. 【答案】were glued 【详解】句意：队员们目不转睛盯着屏幕，观看决赛。主语 the players 是复数，时态为一般过去时，be 动词用 were；固定短语 be glued to 全神贯注盯着。故填 were glued。 10.Nobody can escape ________ (face) the hardship in the competition. 【答案】facing 【详解】句意：没有人能逃避面对比赛中的艰难困苦。固定搭配 escape doing sth. 逃避做某事，escape 后面接动名词。故填 facing。 11.The coach often ________ (inspire) us to go all out in every match. 【答案】inspires 【详解】句意：教练常常激励我们在每一场比赛中全力以赴。often 是一般现在时标志；主语 the coach 是第三人称单数，谓语动词变三单 inspires。故填 inspires。 12.The players ________ (cooperate) with each other at this time yesterday. 【答案】were cooperating 【详解】句意：昨天这个时候队员们正在互相配合协作。at this time yesterday 为过去进行时标志；主语 players 是复数，be 动词用 were，后接 doing。故填 were cooperating。 13.He ________ (escape) from the pressure and kept a good attitude last week. 【答案】escaped 【详解】句意：上周他摆脱压力，保持了良好的心态。last week 是一般过去时标志，escape 的过去式为 escaped。故填 escaped。 14.Our team ________ (sign) up for the weightlifting championship soon. 【答案】will sign 【详解】句意：我们队很快就要报名参加举重锦标赛了。soon 表将来，使用一般将来时 will do。故填 will sign。 15.She ________ (keep) this false leg since 2024. 【答案】has kept 【详解】句意：自 2024 年以来，她一直使用这条假肢。since 2024 是现在完成时标志，主语 she 是三单，助动词用 has。故填 has kept。 三、语法选择 Eileen Gu is also known as Gu Ailing. She is 1 truly amazing athlete. At the 2026 Milan Winter Olympics, she did 2 and showed the world what it means to be strong and never give up. The 2026 Olympics were 3 running a marathon at sprint pace for Eileen. She competed in three difficult skiing events. It was so challenging that many people wondered 4 she could win another medal. She tried hard and skied perfectly. Finally, she won the gold medal in the Halfpipe. Before the competition, she was 5 tired to sleep well because the race had been postponed (延期) due to heavy snow. But she found a way to win. Eileen became the first Chinese female skier 6 three medals in a single Olympics. After her last event, she said, “ 7 three medals at these Olympics is very difficult. I am so proud 8 myself.” Her story shows that anyone 9 works hard can achieve great things. It took thousands of hours of practice 10 her a champion. Eileen is known for 11 risks and pushing her limits. She believes fear can help you do better. She said, “There is nothing 12 than challenging myself.” She hopes to encourage more girls to try extreme sports, 13 gender shouldn’t limit potential. In the future, Eileen 14 skiing and studying. She wants to promote winter sports in China and help 15 young people realize their dreams. 1．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．A．anything incredible B．incredible anything C．something incredible D．incredible something 3．A．likes B．liking C．like D．liked 4．A．that B．if C．what D．which 5．A．too B．so C．very D．enough 6．A．to win B．win C．winning D．won 7．A．Get B．To getting C．Getting D．Got 8．A．with B．for C．about D．of 9．A．who B．which C．whom D．whose 10．A．make B．making C．to make D．made 11．A．take B．to take C．took D．taking 12．A．exciting B．more exciting C．most exciting D．excited 13．A．when B．but C．as D．unless 14．A．continues B．will continue C．continued D．has continued 15．A．other B．another C．others D．the others 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．C 11．D 12．B 13．C 14．B 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了滑雪运动员谷爱凌在2026年米兰冬奥会上的出色表现、面对困难的态度以及她对未来的期望。   【详解】1．句意：谷爱凌是一位真正了不起的运动员。 此处泛指一位运动员，后面的“truly amazing athlete”中truly以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。 2．句意：她做了一些不可思议的事，向世界展示了坚强的意义和永不放弃的精神。 肯定句中表示“某件事”用something，形容词incredible要放在不定代词后面。干扰项A（anything）用于否定或疑问句，D（incredible something）语序错误。 3．句意：2026年冬奥会对谷爱凌来说就像以短跑的速度跑马拉松。 此处将冬奥会比作马拉松，这里需要介词like表示“像……一样”。likes是动词第三人称单数，liking是现在分词，liked是过去式，均不符合。 4．句意：这非常具有挑战性，以至于很多人想知道她是否还能再赢一枚奖牌。    wondered后接宾语从句，表示“是否”用if或whether。that表示肯定事实，what/which指代具体内容，都不符合“是否”的疑问含义。 5．句意：比赛前，她太累了以至于睡不好觉，因为比赛因大雪被推迟了。 固定结构“too+形容词+to do”表示“太……而不能……”。so…that接从句，very不接不定式，enough要放在形容词后面且结构为“形容词+enough to do”，均不对。 6．句意：谷爱凌成为第一位在一届冬奥会上赢得三枚奖牌的中国女子滑雪运动员。 名词前有the first/second等序数词修饰时，后面常用不定式作定语，即“the first…to do”。其他选项win/won/winning不能直接放在名词后作定语。 7．句意：她说：“在这届冬奥会上获得三枚奖牌非常困难。我为自己感到骄傲。”   动名词短语Getting three medals作主语，谓语用单数。原句是直接引语，动词原形Get不能作主语，To getting形式错误，Got是过去式，都不能作主语。 8．句意：她说：“在这届冬奥会上获得三枚奖牌非常困难。我为自己感到骄傲。”    固定短语be proud of意为“为……感到骄傲”，此处使用of。 9．句意：她的故事表明，任何努力工作的人都能取得伟大的成就。   定语从句修饰anyone，先行词指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，用who。which指物，whom作宾语，whose表示所属，均不适用。 10．句意：花费了数千小时的练习才使她成为冠军。   根据“It took thousands of hours of practice…her a champion.”可知，此处是it固定句型，it作形式主语，空处使用动词不定式to make作真正的主语。 11．句意：谷爱凌以冒险和挑战极限而闻名。    介词for后面跟名词或动名词，take risks是动词短语，需变成taking risks。to take是不定式，took是过去式，均不能作介词宾语。 12．句意：她说：“没有什么比挑战自我更令人兴奋的了。”    句中有than，提示用比较级more exciting。exciting是原级，most exciting是最高级，excited形容人，都不符合比较结构。 13．句意：她希望鼓励更多女孩尝试极限运动，因为性别不应限制潜能。    前后是因果关系，as意为“因为”。when（当……时）、but（但是）、unless（除非）都不表示原因。 14．句意：在未来，谷爱凌将继续滑雪和学习。   时间状语In the future表示将来，用一般将来时will continue。continues是一般现在时，continued是一般过去时，has continued是现在完成时，均不能与将来时间连用。 15．句意：她想在中国推广冬季运动，并帮助其他年轻人实现他们的梦想。    other young people表示“其他的年轻人”。another指另一个（单数），others是代词（后面不接名词），the others特指其余的全部人或物，均不符合。 四、阅读理解 阅读短文，从每小题四个选项中选最佳答案。 Sportsmanship (体育精神) means playing fair, respecting opponents, and accepting results gracefully — win or lose. It is considered one of the most valuable lessons sports can teach us. A famous example happened during a marathon. A runner from Kenya tripped and hurt his knee badly. Instead of quitting, he stood up and kept running. Another competitor from a rival (对手) country slowed down, stayed beside him for a while, and even helped him walk a few steps before continuing his own race. Though neither won a medal that day, both were applauded (鼓掌) by millions online. Such moments show that the true value of sports is not only the scoreboard. Respect, kindness and helping others often shine brighter than gold medals. Schools today pay more attention to building sportsmanship among students. They hold classes about fair play and invite athletes to share their stories. Slowly, more young people understand: being a good sport is about character, not just ability. In the long run, these values go beyond the playground. They help students become responsible, caring and strong-minded adults in society. 1．What is the main meaning of sportsmanship according to the passage? A．Always trying to win at any cost. B．Playing fair, respecting opponents and accepting results gracefully. C．Only caring about scores and medals. D．Quitting when injured. 2．What did the rival runner do when seeing the injured Kenyan runner? A．Laughed at him. B．Reported him to the judge. C．Slowed down and helped him for a while. D．Ran away quickly to win the race. 3．Why were both runners applauded by millions? A．Because they both won medals. B．Because of their respect and kindness shown in the race. C．Because they broke a world record. D．Because they were from the same country. 4．What do schools do to build sportsmanship? A．Cancel all sports meetings. B．Only reward gold-medal winners. C．Force students to train 10 hours a day. D．Hold fair-play classes and invite athletes to share stories. 5．The writer wants to tell us that sports values finally help students ________. A．only become better players B．become responsible, caring and strong-minded adults C．avoid all difficulties in life D．give up studying 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文是说明文。文章核心对象是体育精神（Sportsmanship），核心结论是体育精神的价值超越比分，能帮助学生成长为有责任感、关爱他人且意志坚强的成年人。行文探讨了体育精神的定义、实例、学校培养措施及长远影响。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据第1段“Sportsmanship…means playing fair, respecting opponents, and accepting results gracefully”可推知体育精神的核心含义是公平竞争、尊重对手和优雅接受结果。 2．细节理解题。根据第2段“Another competitor…slowed down, stayed beside him for a while, and even helped him walk”可推知对手慢下来并帮助了他一会儿。 3．细节理解题。根据第2段“Though neither won a medal that day, both were applauded”及第3段“Respect, kindness and helping others often shine brighter than gold medals”可推知他们因展现出的尊重和善意而获得掌声。 4．细节理解题。根据第4段“They hold classes about fair play and invite athletes to share their stories”可推知学校举办公平竞赛课程并邀请运动员分享故事。 5．细节理解题。根据第5段“They help students become responsible, caring and strong-minded adults in society”可推知体育价值观最终帮助学生成为有责任感、关爱他人和意志坚强的成年人。 五、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Chinese women’s volleyball team is one of China’s greatest sports teams. However, it didn’t achieve success 1 ease. Many years ago, some teams in other countries were much 2 (popular) than the Chinese team. In 1976, a new Chinese national women’s volleyball team was founded, with Yuan Weimin as head coach. Yuan spent plenty of time training players and teaching them skills. Finally, the team won the Asian Women’s Volleyball Championship (冠军) in 1979. The victory 3 (great) improved the players’ confidence. From then on, they kept going with a strong will. From 1981 to 1986, the team created 4 (miracle) one after another: they won five consecutive championships (五连冠) in several important volleyball competitions in the world. Among them, the gold medal (金牌) at the 1984 Olympics was the most meaningful 5 it was China’s first Olympic gold in volleyball. At the 2004 Olympics, the team shocked everyone. In the final (决赛), they faced difficult challenges, but they didn’t give up and won their 6 (two) Olympic gold. Over the next few years, the team had 7 hard time. However, the players chose 8 (support) each other and pull together. In 2016, the team became the champion at the Rio Olympics. Today, millions of people keep 9 (admire) the team members, not only for their achievements, but also for their spirit of never giving up. They have become a(n) 10 (inspire) team, and their stories encourage young people not to give up. 【答案】 1．with 2．more popular 3．greatly 4．miracles 5．because 6．second 7．a 8．to support 9．admiring 10．inspiring 【导语】本文回顾了中国女排的发展历程与辉煌成就。从早期的落后到1976年重组后的崛起，再到1980年代的五连冠、2004年和2016年奥运夺冠，文章重点突出了女排队员们在逆境中团结一致、永不放弃的精神，这种精神也激励着无数年轻人。 【详解】 1．句意：然而，它并非轻易取得成功的。前文“it didn’t achieve success”，此处表达“并非轻易取得成功”，介词with表示“带有、伴随”，固定搭配with ease意为“轻易地、毫不费力地”，with符合语境。 2．句意：许多年前，其他一些国家的球队比中国队更受欢迎。空格后有than，提示用比较级。popular的比较级是more popular。 3．句意：这场胜利极大地提升了队员们的信心。修饰动词improved需用副词，great的副词形式是greatly，意为“极大地”。 4．句意：从1981年到1986年，这支队伍创造了一个又一个奇迹。miracle是可数名词，表示“一个又一个奇迹”，one after another提示用复数形式miracles。 5．句意：其中，1984年奥运会的金牌最有意义，因为这是中国在排球项目上的首枚奥运金牌。前后句是因果关系，“最有意义”是因为“这是首枚金牌”，用连词because引导原因状语从句。 6．句意：她们赢得了她们的第二枚奥运金牌。此处要表达“她们的第二枚奥运金牌”，表示“第二”，基数词two变为序数词second，修饰Olympic gold。故填second。 7．句意：在接下来的几年里，球队经历了一段艰难时期。have a hard time是固定搭配，意为“经历艰难时期”，hard以辅音音素/h/开头，表示“一段”，用不定冠词a。 8．句意：然而，队员们选择了互相支持、团结一致。choose to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“选择做某事”，support的不定式是to support。 9．句意：如今，数以百万计的人一直钦佩着女排队员。keep doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“一直做某事”，admire的动名词是admiring。 10．句意：她们已经成为一支鼓舞人心的队伍。修饰名词team用形容词，inspire的形容词形式是inspiring，意为“鼓舞人心的”。空前是a(n)，inspiring符合题意。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $