精品解析：上海复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年第二学期高二年级英语学科3月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2024学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科3月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Lightning Strikes! Three years ago a bolt of lightning all but ruined Lynn Miller’s house in Aberdeen — with her two children inside. “There was a huge rainstorm,” she says, ____1____ (recall) the terrifying experience. “My brother and I were outside desperately working to stop floodwater from coming in the house. Suddenly I ____2____(throw) to the ground by an enormous bang. When I picked myself up, I found the roof and the entire upper storey of the house completely ____3____ (destroy). The door was blocked by rubble (碎石), but we forced our way in and found the children, thankfully unharmed.” “Later I was told that ____4____ (strike) by lightning is a chance in a million.” In fact, it’s calculated at one chance in 600,000. Even so, Dr Mark Keys of AER Technology, an organisation that monitors the effects of lightning, thinks you should be sensible, “I wouldn’t go out in a storm — but then I’m quite a careful person.” He advises anyone who is unlucky enough ____5____ (catch) in a storm to get down on the ground and curl up into a ball, making yourself as small as possible. Lightning is one of nature’s displays of power. 250 years ago, Benjamin Franklin, the American scientist and statesman, proved that lightning is a form of electricity, but scientists still lack a complete understanding of ____6____ it works. Occasionally, there are indications that lightning may strike. Positive electrical charges streaming upwards from trees may make a noise, and people’s hair can stand ____7____ end. Harold Deal, a retiring electrician from South Carolina, USA, was struck by lightning 26 years ago. He was apparently unhurt, but it later emerged that the strike had damaged the part of the brain ____8____ controls the sensation of temperature. Since then the freezing South Carolina winters ____9____ (bother) Harold, since he is completely unable to feel the cold. Animals are victims of lightning, too. Hundreds of cows and sheep are killed every year, largely ____10____ they go under trees. In East Anglia in 1918, 504 sheep were killed instantaneously by the same bolt of lightning that hit the ground and travelled through the entire flock. Lightning is also responsible for starting more than 10,000 forest fires each year world-wide. 【答案】1. recalling 2. was thrown 3. destroyed 4. being struck 5. to be caught 6. how 7. on 8. which##that 9. haven’t bothered 10. because 【解析】 【导语】文章借雷击事例介绍雷击危害、征兆、避险方法以及人类对闪电尚未完全了解。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：“当时下着大暴雨，”她回忆起这段可怕的经历说道。本句已有谓语says，recall与主语she为主动关系，用现在分词recalling作伴随状语。 【2题详解】 考查动词语态。句意：突然一声巨响，我被掀翻在地。主语I和throw是被动关系，讲述过去的事，用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用was thrown。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：当我爬起来时，我发现屋顶和整层楼上都被完全毁坏了。本处为“find+宾语+宾补”结构，destroy和the roof and the entire upper storey是被动关系，用过去分词destroyed作宾补。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：后来有人告诉我，被闪电击中的概率是百万分之一。本空在that引导的宾语从句中作主语，表示“被闪电击中”，用动名词的被动形式 being struck。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他建议任何不幸遇上暴风雨的人趴在地上蜷缩成一团，让自己尽可能缩小。be unlucky enough to do“不幸偏偏遇上……”，who指代先行词anyone，与catch为被动关系，用to be caught。 【6题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：美国科学家、政治家本杰明・富兰克林证明闪电是一种电，但科学家仍未完全弄明白它是如何运作的。本空引导宾语从句，表达“如何”，用how引导。 【7题详解】 考查介词。句意：从树木向上流动的正电荷可能会发出声响，人的头发也会竖立起来。固定搭配on end，表示“竖立着”。 【8题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：他表面上没有受伤，但后来发现雷击损伤了大脑中控制温度感知的区域。本空引导定语从句，先行词是the part of the brain，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which/that引导。 【9题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：从那以后，南卡罗来纳州寒冷的冬天再也不会困扰哈罗德了，因为他完全感觉不到寒冷。根据since then可知，用现在完成时，且根据since he is completely unable to feel the cold可知，此处表达否定含义，主语the freezing South Carolina winters为复数，谓语用haven’t bothered。 【10题详解】 考查连词。句意：每年有成百上千的牛羊丧命，主要是因为它们躲在树下。后半句解释牛羊遭雷击的原因，本空用because引导原因状语从句。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. construction B. currently C. delays D. disastrous E. effortlessly F. forecast G. operation H. safeguard I. strengthened J. total K. withdraw History Underwater In 1966, Venice experienced its worst flood in history when water levels reached 194 centimeters, according to a report. Italy then invested billions of dollars in a system of floodgates that were supposed to protect Venice from the ____11____ flooding the city is experiencing right now. It’s called MOSE, which refers to an experimental electromechanical module. The flood protection system is a series of underwater barriers designed to ____12____ the three inlets leading to Venice’s lagoon (泻湖) during high tides. The system consists of a series of bright-yellow gates that reach from one side of the inlet to the other set in a trench (海沟) on the seafloor. Each gate is built from ____13____ steel that provides resistance from the pounding waves. When a tide higher than 110 centimeters is ____14____, air is pumped into the gates, causing them to rise above the surface. When the high waters ____15____, the gates sink below the surface to their original position. There are a(n) ____16____ of 78 gates among the three inlets. Engineers are ____17____ working on how to raise them at once. The first testing is expected next year. Work began on the barrier project in 2003. It has been under ____18____ for years. Cost increases and related ____19____ have caused many setbacks. It is now scheduled to be in ____20____ by 2022. 【答案】11. D 12. H 13. I 14. F 15. K 16. J 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. G 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍威尼斯MOSE防洪水闸系统的构造、工作原理以及项目建设过程中的重重困难。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：意大利随后投入数十亿美元建设了一套水闸系统，旨在保护威尼斯免受当下正在经历的灾难性洪水的侵袭。根据前文“History Underwater In 1966, Venice experienced its worst flood in history”提到1966年威尼斯遭遇史上最严重洪水，此处修饰flooding，用形容词disastrous“灾难性的”作定语。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：这套防洪系统是一系列水下屏障，设计目的是在涨潮时守护住通往威尼斯泻湖的三个入海口。本空位于不定式符号to后，用动词原形，根The flood protection system is a series of underwater barriers可知，屏障的作用是守护入海口，safeguard意为“保护、守护”，符合此处功能描述。 【13题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：每扇闸门都由加固钢材建造而成，能够抵御巨浪的猛烈冲击。根据后文“provides resistance from the pounding waves.”可知，此处用动词strengthen的过去分词strengthened作定语，strengthened steel即“加固钢材”，符合工程常识。 【14题详解】 考查动词语态。句意：当预报潮位将超过110厘米时，空气会被泵入闸门内部，让闸门浮出水面。根据防洪系统的运行逻辑，需要提前预报大潮，forecast意为“预报、预测”，此处用过去分词，与is构成一般现在时的被动语态。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：当高位潮水退去后，闸门会下沉回水下的初始位置。本空为时间状语从句的谓语，描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语为waters，谓语用动词原形，根据后文the gates sink below the surface to their original position可知，此处表示潮水退去，withdraw意为“退去、撤退”，符合潮水回落的语境。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：三个入海口处总计设置了78扇闸门。根据of 78 gates among the three inlets可知，用total，固定搭配a total of意为“总计、总共”，用来描述闸门的总数量。 【17题详解】 考查副词。句意：工程师们目前正在研究如何让所有闸门同步升起。根据后文“The first testing is expected next year”可知，首次测试预计明年进行，说明当下工程师正在开展相关工作，currently意为“目前、当前”，修饰动词working。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：该屏障项目于2003年动工，多年来一直处于建设状态。根据Work began on the barrier project in 2003. It has been under 可知，本空用名词construction，固定短语under construction意为“正在建设中”，符合工程长期施工的状态描述。 【19题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：成本上涨和相关工程延误造成了诸多阻碍。根据后文“caused many setbacks”项目多次延期的背景，此处表示工程推进中的延误问题，delays意为“延误、耽搁”，作主语。符合语境。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：该项目现已计划在2022年前投入运行。根据语境可知，本空用名词operation作宾语，固定短语in operation意为“投入使用、运行中”，用来描述工程正式启用的状态。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The modern zoo has travelled a long way from the days of simple cages. Today’s zoos aim to do far more than just show exotic animals to visitors. They play a key role in wildlife conservation, education and research. But they still face many ____21____. One big debate is whether zoos are good for animals. Critics say that no matter how well-designed enclosures are, they cannot ____22____ the wild. Even large enclosures limit animals’ natural behaviours. Some animals in zoos show signs of stress, such as repeated, meaningless movements. On the other hand, zoo supporters ____23____ that many species are dying out in the wild. For these animals, zoos offer safe places where they can breed. Many zoo-bred animals have been ____24____ back into their natural habitats. Education is another major goal. Zoos give city-dwelling people a chance to ____25____ with wildlife they would never otherwise see. Children can learn about animal behaviour and conservation. Studies show that many visitors leave zoos with greater ____26____ of environmental problems. However, critics argue that people can learn about animals from documentaries and books without keeping them in ____27____. Scientific research carried out in zoos also brings great ____28____. Scientists can study animal health, reproduction and behaviour in controlled conditions. This knowledge helps to ____29____ wild populations. But research in zoos is limited. It cannot fully copy the complex ____30____ of the natural world. Money is another ____31____. Building and maintaining modern natural-looking enclosures costs huge sums. Zoos rely on ticket sales and donations. During economic downturns, some zoos struggle to survive. To meet these challenges, zoos have to make ___32___. They must balance the needs of animals with the interests of visitors. Some rare species are ____33____ and need special protection. But zoos also need to attract visitors to stay open. Finding the right ____34____ between conservation and entertainment is not easy. However, most zookeepers refuse to ____35____ their high standards. They believe that with careful planning, zoos can continue to play a valuable role in protecting wildlife. 21. A. debates B. victories C. donations D. attractions 22. A. dominate B. replace C. resemble D. restrict 23. A. deny B. pretend C. argue D. doubt 24. A. transported B. tracked C. brought D. released 25. A. connect B. compete C. agree D. cooperate 26. A. fear B. awareness C. doubt D. shame 27. A. danger B. peace C. captivity D. adventure 28. A. profits B. troubles C. benefits D. risks 29. A. protect B. threaten C. observe D. hunt 30. A. feelings B. conditions C. rules D. disasters 31. A. pleasure B. puzzle C. barrier D. reward 32. A. predictions B. adjustments C. apologies D. comparisons 33. A. rare B. domestic C. tame D. fierce 34. A. conflict B. balance C. contrast D. gap 35. A. give up B. insist on C. carry out D. put off 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. B 35. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讨论现代动物园的争议与价值，分析其在保护教育中的作用及面临的现实挑战。 【21题详解】 考查名词。句意：但它们仍然面临诸多争议。A. debates争议；B. victories胜利；C. donations捐赠；D. attractions景点。根据上文“They play a key role in wildlife conservation, education and research”和下文“One big debate is whether zoos are good for animals”可知，上文讲动物园作用，But转折说仍有问题，下文立刻引出“动物园是否对动物有益”的核心争论，所以此处指动物园仍然面临诸多争议。 【22题详解】 考查动词。句意：批评者称，无论圈舍设计得多么精良，都无法复刻野外环境。A. dominate主导；B. replace替代；C. resemble与……相似；D. restrict限制。根据上文“Critics say that no matter how well-designed enclosures are, they cannot”和下文“Even large enclosures limit animals’ natural behaviours”可知，批评者的核心观点是人工圈舍无法和野外环境相似。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：另一方面，动物园的支持者主张，很多物种正在野外走向灭绝。A. deny否认；B. pretend假装；C. argue主张、争辩；D. doubt怀疑。根据下文“that many species are dying out in the wild”可知，此处是支持者针对批评提出自己的立场观点，argue用于引出正方的核心论点。 【24题详解】 考查动词。句意：很多在动物园繁育的动物已经被放归到它们的自然栖息地。A. transported运输；B. tracked追踪；C. brought带来；D. released释放。根据上文“Many zoo-bred animals have been”和下文“back into their natural habitats”可知，野生动物保护的常规操作是将人工繁育个体放归野外。 【25题详解】 考查动词。句意：动物园给城市居民提供了接触他们平时根本见不到的野生动物的机会。A. connect接触、产生关联；B. compete竞争；C. agree同意；D. cooperate合作。根据上文“Zoos give city-dwelling people a chance to”和下文“with wildlife they would never otherwise see”可知，城市居民原本没有机会接触野生动物，动物园搭建了人和野生动物产生联结的渠道。 【26题详解】 考查名词。句意：研究表明，很多游客离开动物园时，对环境问题的认知意识都有了明显提升。A. fear恐惧；B. awareness意识；C. doubt怀疑；D. shame羞愧。根据上文“Studies show that many visitors leave zoos with greater”和下文“of environmental problems”可知，动物园的教育功能就是提升公众的环保认知。 【27题详解】 考查名词。句意：然而批评者认为，人们可以通过纪录片和书籍了解动物，完全不需要把动物圈禁起来。A. danger危险；B. peace和平；C. captivity圈禁、囚禁；D. adventure冒险。根据上文“However, critics argue that people can learn about animals from documentaries and books without keeping them in”可知，批评者反对的是将动物人工圈养的模式，认为人们可以通过纪录片和书籍了解动物，完全不需要把动物圈禁起来。 【28题详解】 考查名词。句意：在动物园开展的科学研究也带来很大益处。A. profits利润；B. troubles麻烦；C. benefits益处；D. risks风险。根据下文“Scientists can study animal health, reproduction and behaviour in controlled conditions. This knowledge helps to ______ wild populations”可知，下文提到科学家能在可控条件下研究动物健康、繁殖和行为，这些研究成果能帮助保护野外的种群，说明在动物园开展的科学研究也带来很大益处。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：这些研究成果能帮助保护野外的种群。A. protect保护；B. threaten威胁；C. observe观察；D. hunt捕猎。根据下文“wild populations”可知，动物园科研的最终目的是反哺野外物种保护，这些研究成果能帮助保护野外的种群。 【30题详解】 考查名词。句意：它无法完全复刻自然界复杂的环境条件。A. feelings感受；B. conditions环境、条件；C. rules规则；D. disasters灾难。根据上文“But research in zoos is limited. It cannot fully copy the complex”和下文“of the natural world”可知，动物园的可控研究环境有局限性，无法完全模拟野外复杂的环境条件。 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意：资金是另一个阻碍。A. pleasure乐趣；B. puzzle谜题；C. barrier阻碍；D. reward奖励。根据上文“Money is another”和下文“Building and maintaining modern natural-looking enclosures costs huge sums. Zoos rely on ticket sales and donations”可知，下文提到修建、维护围栏耗资巨大，所以资金是难题、障碍。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：为了应对这些挑战，动物园必须做出调整。A. predictions预测；B. adjustments调整；C. apologies道歉；D. comparisons对比。根据上文“During economic downturns, some zoos struggle to survive. To meet these challenges, zoos have to make”和下文“They must balance the needs of animals with the interests of visitors”可知，上文提到动物园面临诸多现实难题，应对难题的方式就是做出针对性的运营调整，要平衡多方需求。 【33题详解】 考查形容词。句意：一些珍稀物种很凶猛，需要特殊保护。A. rare珍稀的；B. domestic家养的；C. tame温顺的；D. fierce凶猛的。根据下文“need special protection”可知，下文提到需要特殊保护，说明部分物种性情凶猛，需要特殊的管护措施，兼顾动物福利与游客安全，契合上下文平衡动物需求与游客利益的语境。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：在动物保护和娱乐引流之间找到恰当的平衡并不容易。A. conflict冲突；B. balance平衡；C. contrast对比；D. gap差距。根据上文“They must balance the needs of animals with the interests of visitors”和下文“between conservation and entertainment is not easy”可知，上文提到动物园必须平衡动物需求和游客利益，此处对应“保护与娱乐之间的平衡”这一核心命题，在动物保护和娱乐引流之间找到恰当的平衡并不容易。 【35题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：但大多数动物园饲养员都拒绝放弃他们的高标准。A. give up放弃；B. insist on坚持；C. carry out执行；D. put off推迟。根据下文“their high standards. They believe that with careful planning, zoos can continue to play a valuable role in protecting wildlife”可知，后文提到他们相信通过精心规划动物园仍能发挥保护价值，说明他们不会放弃自己的专业高标准。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） This week, the Summer Boat Show in London is filled with fine boats, shining with new technology. By contrast, my own lies quietly on a tidal creek (小溪) off the south coast. She was designed last year but, seeing her, you might imagine her to be 100 years old and think that her owner must be some kind of lost-soul romantic. For me a boat should always be a boat and not a cottage on the water. When I bought an earlier boat, Hirta, in which I sailed around Britain for a TV race series, the previous owner observed that she had every comfort, but no luxury. During my long relationship with her, Hirta taught me how wise she was. Her sails were heavy, and she had no pumped water, no electricity to speak of, no fridge, no central heating, and absolutely no electronics, yet she was the kindest, easiest boat that I have ever sailed at sea. Back on land, however, it is a sad fact that the very oldness of classic boats means that they need a lot of looking after. When I had a bad injury to my back, I realised that my 15-year love affair with her had to end. Searching for a younger replacement produced no satisfaction, so I decided to build a new boat from scratch. The Westman has never disappointed me. Although Nigel Irens, the designer, and ED Burnett, his right-hand man, are good at computer-assisted design programs, Irens initially drew this boat on a paper napkin, and only later transferred his ideas to the computer. Then, he carved a model, just as boatyards did in the days of sail. Together we considered the primary embryonic vessel (船的雏形), then fed the design back into the electronic box for modification. The next version was nearly right and by the time the final one appeared, the form was perfect. The completed boat has now crossed the North Atlantic and has won four out of her first six racing starts. Her appearance is ageless, her motion at sea is a pleasure and her accommodation provides an atmosphere of deep peace. Maybe this is because she was drawn purely as a sailing craft, without reference to any furniture we might put into her. That is the well-tried method of the sea. In her timeless calmness, she is the living proof that it works: that there is no need to follow current fashions to find satisfaction, and that sometimes it pays to listen to the lessons of history. 36. By “For me a boat should always be a boat and not a cottage on the water”, the writer means that ________. A. he always keeps his boat in good condition B. he never thinks of a boat as his living space C. he doesn't like the idea of building a home on the water D. he doesn't mind whether to live on a boat or in a cottage 37. What is the writer’s opinion of Hirta? A. It was a perfect sailboat. B. It was a little bit luxurious. C. It was not modern enough. D. It was not very comfortable. 38. According to the writer, The Westman was designed in a ________ way. A. creative B. disappointing C. traditional D. repetitive 39. What does the writer want to prove with his boat? A. The lessons of history are not easy to follow though they are useful. B. A boat can work very well even if it involves no modern technology. C. There is no need to find evidence that boats are still a timeless treasure. D. It is impossible to find satisfaction on a boat by following current fashions. 【答案】36. B 37. A 38. C 39. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述作者钟情简约帆船，结合历史经验打造新船，证明不必追逐当下潮流。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“For me a boat should always be a boat and not a cottage on the water.(对我而言，船就应该是船，而不是水上小屋。)”可知，作者认为船的本质是航行工具，不把船当作居住空间。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Her sails were heavy, and she had no pumped water, no electricity to speak of, no fridge, no central heating, and absolutely no electronics, yet she was the kindest, easiest boat that I have ever sailed at sea.(她的船帆很沉，没有泵压供水，几乎没有电力，没有冰箱，没有中央供暖，也完全没有电子设备，可它却是我在海上驾驶过的最贴心、最好操控的船。)”可知，作者认为这是一艘很棒的帆船。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The Westman has never disappointed me.(“韦斯特曼”号从未让我失望。)”和“Then, he carved a model, just as boatyards did in the days of sail.(接着，他雕刻出船模，就像帆船时代造船厂一贯的做法。)”可知，“韦斯特曼”号是以传统方式设计的。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Maybe this is because she was drawn purely as a sailing craft, without reference to any furniture we might put into her. That is the well-tried method of the sea.(或许这是因为它纯粹是作为航行船只来设计的，没有考虑我们可能放进船里的家具。这是经过海上长期检验的方法。)”以及第三段中“Although Nigel Irens, the designer, and ED Burnett, his right-hand man, are good at computer-assisted design programs, Irens initially drew this boat on a paper napkin, and only later transferred his ideas to the computer. Then, he carved a model, just as boatyards did in the days of sail.(尽管设计师奈Nigel Irens，以及他的得力助手ED Burnett都精通计算机辅助设计软件，Irens最初却是在一张餐巾纸上画出这艘船的草图，之后才把构思录入电脑。接着，他雕刻出船模，就像帆船时代造船厂一贯的做法。)”设计师先用餐巾纸手绘、雕刻船模的传统做法可知，作者想用这艘船证明就算不依赖现代科技，船依旧可以性能出众。 （B） Traditional clothing Jamaica's traditional clothing is made from lightweight materials such as cotton or linen in bright colours. Women often wear handmade clothes made from calico, a type of printed cotton cloth with a striped pattern and colourful headscarves. Men prefer jeans or light-coloured trousers, short-sleeved shirts and sometimes a bandana on their heads. The quadrille dress, which is the national costume of Jamaica, is worn for special celebrations and traditional dancing. The cotton dress has a similar pattern to Scottish tartan (格子呢). Attitude The carefree attitude of this Caribbean island has undoubtedly influenced Jamaican clothing. Usually bright and colourful, comfortable clothing is a must and lightweight fabrics (面料) are favoured over heavy ones. Beachwear is also a significant part of Jamaican attire and Jamaican coastlines are packed with people wearing western-style swimming costumes, shorts and flip-flops. Rastafarianism The Rastafarian movement started in Jamaica, and Rastafarian-inspired clothing, with its characteristic three colours of red, green and gold, is widespread on the island. Rastafarian or Rasta clothing is made from natural materials such as cotton, wool or fibres from the hemp plant. One immediately recognizable Rasta accessory (配饰) is the ‘rastacap’, or ‘tam’, the knitted hat which is worn over dreadlocks. Rasta clothing is often associated with both fans and musicians of reggae music, such as the legendary Bob Marley. Fashion shows Jamaica holds two well-known fashion events every year: the Caribbean Fashion Week and Style Week Jamaica. The events attract international designers who come to see the latest trends and styles from the Caribbean. They also give local Jamaican designers a chance to share their talent with the rest of the world. Young designers are also being featured on reality TV shows in Jamaica like Mission Catwalk, which aims to discover talented local designers and help them to enter the international world of fashion. Among Jamaica’s successful fashion designers is Bob Marley’s daughter, Cedella, who has created her own fashion label, Catch a Fire, named after one of her father’s albums, and whose clothing is also inspired by him. 40. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Jamaica: Fashion and People B. Jamaica: Clothes and Culture C. Jamaica: Attitudes and Lifestyles D. Jamaica: Traditional and Modern 41. Which of the following statements is true of Jamaica’s traditional clothing? A. Their dress resembles Scottish tartan in pattern. B. Men can be seen wearing fruit on their head. C. Men often have their knitted hats on in traditional dancing. D. Women can't wear light-coloured trousers in public places. 42. How do Jamaica’s young fashion designers get to be known? A. By designing Rastafarian clothing. B. By going to reality TV shows. C. By working with Cedella Marley. D. By taking a carefree attitude. 【答案】40. B 41. A 42. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了牙买加不同类型服饰、相关文化以及当地时尚活动与设计师的情况。 【40题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Traditional clothing Jamaica's traditional clothing is made from lightweight materials such as cotton or linen in bright colours.(牙买加的传统服饰由棉、亚麻等轻质面料制成，色彩鲜艳。)”、第一段“The carefree attitude of this Caribbean island has undoubtedly influenced Jamaican clothing.(这座加勒比海岛无忧无虑的氛围无疑影响了牙买加服饰。)”、第二段“The Rastafarian movement started in Jamaica, and Rastafarian-inspired clothing, with its characteristic three colours of red, green and gold, is widespread on the island.(拉斯塔法里运动起源于牙买加，受其启发、以红、绿、金三色为特色的服饰在岛上十分普遍。)”、第三段 “Jamaica holds two well-known fashion events every year: the Caribbean Fashion Week and Style Week Jamaica.(牙买加每年举办两场知名时尚活动：加勒比时装周和牙买加风尚周。)” 可知文章介绍牙买加服饰和相关文化。所以最佳标题为“牙买加：服饰与文化”。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The cotton dress has a similar pattern to Scottish tartan (格子呢).(这款棉质连衣裙的图案和苏格兰格子呢相似。)”可知，这种裙子的图案和苏格兰格子呢相像。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Young designers are also being featured on reality TV shows in Jamaica like Mission Catwalk, which aims to discover talented local designers and help them to enter the international world of fashion.(年轻设计师也登上牙买加的真人秀节目，例如《Mission Catwalk》，该节目旨在发掘有天赋的本土设计师，帮助他们走进国际时尚圈。)”可知，年轻设计师通过真人秀节目被人们熟知。 （C） History does not repeat but sometimes it rhymes. So, it seems, do efforts to protect netizens’ privacy. The European Union led the world with its General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which came into force in May 2018. That law shook up internet giants and global advertising firms, both of which had previously used consumer data with little oversight. On December 11th India’s government introduced a bill that would force firms to handle data only with consumer agreement and give the authorities sweeping access to them. But the piece of legislation (立法) rhyming with GDPR right now is the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), which comes into force on January 1st. To online businesses, it jars. The Californian law copies some of the GDPR’s items. It gives consumers the right to know what online information is collected about them and how it is used, permits them to demand that their data be destroyed and to charge companies with releasing data. In some ways, the CCPA is looser than its European predecessor (前身). It does not, for instance, insist that firms have a “legal basis” for collecting and using personal data or restrict the international transfer of data. It also stops short of demanding the appointment of corporate data-protection officers and assessments of projects’ data-protection risks. In other respects, though, California goes further than the EU. The CCPA adopts a broader definition of personal information (which extends to such things as internet cookies that identify users on websites) and it forbids discrimination (by offering discounts to those who grant firms access to their data). Companies must enable Californians to choose not to engage in the sale of personal data with a clear “do not sell” link on their home page, rather than through GDPR’s process. “Initial compliance” with the CCPA may, for its part, cost the estimated 500,000-odd affected American firms $55bn according to a study. Any such estimates should be taken with a grain of salt. For one thing, global firms that are already GDPR-compliant have a head start, even if differences between the two laws mean observing the Californian one will be far from automatic. Big firms, which are already on the hook for GDPR, are expected to spend another $2m each. For the tech giants that looks like small change. For smaller online sellers, app-makers or other firms present on the internet the Californian law will be unwelcomed. They can ignore European regulations, because most have no EU business, but cannot easily stay away from one of America’s biggest domestic markets. A new survey by the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, a lobby group, claims that only 12% of small businesses in America know about the law, let alone have prepared for it. 43. The word “jars” (in paragraph 2) most probably means ________. A. stops a company from developing B. causes unpleasant feelings C. rhymes with history D. comes into force 44. CCPA is different from GDPR in that ________. A. CCPA doesn’t require companies to assign data-protection officers B. CCPA asks consumers to assess projects’ data-protection risks for a company C. CCPA doesn’t give consumers the right to know about their own information D. CCPA permits companies to destroy data as long as they find something illegal 45. Which of the following is forbidden by CCPA? A. Going through GDPR’s process. B. Using cookies online to identify users. C. Labelling a website with a clear “do not sell” link. D. Offering discounts to users who let firms use their data. 46. What can be inferred from the passage about big firms? A. They don’t have much business in Europe. B. They will find CCPA easier to observe than GDPR. C. They won’t care about the cost of observing CCPA. D. They will choose to stay away from domestic markets. 【答案】43. B 44. A 45. D 46. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍加州消费者隐私法案CCPA，对比它和欧盟GDPR的异同以及给各类企业带来的影响。 【43题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“But the piece of legislation (立法) rhyming with GDPR right now is the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), which comes into force on January 1st. To online businesses, it jars. (但当下这部和GDPR有相似之处的法案就是将于1月1日生效的加州消费者隐私法案。对线上企业来说，它jars。)”以及下文“he Californian law copies some of the GDPR’s items. It gives consumers the right to know what online information is collected about them and how it is used, permits them to demand that their data be destroyed and to charge companies with releasing data(对线上企业而言，这项法规令人不适。这部加州法律借鉴了《通用数据保护条例》的部分条款。它赋予消费者知情权，可知晓平台收集了自身哪些线上信息、以及这些信息的用途；消费者有权要求删除自己的数据，也可就数据泄露起诉相关企业)”可知，这项新法案会给线上企业带来压力，让它们产生不好的感受，因此jars含义为“引起不快”。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It also stops short of demanding the appointment of corporate data-protection officers and assessments of projects’ data-protection risks.(它也没有要求企业任命数据保护官以及评估项目的数据保护风险。)”可知，CCPA不像GDPR，不要求企业指派数据保护官，这是二者的不同之处。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The CCPA adopts a broader definition of personal information (which extends to such things as internet cookies that identify users on websites) and it forbids discrimination (by offering discounts to those who grant firms access to their data).(CCPA对个人信息的定义范围更广，包括网站识别用户的网络cookie，并且它禁止歧视行为，即向允许企业获取自身数据的用户提供折扣。)”可知，向授权企业使用数据的用户提供折扣是CCPA所禁止的。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Big firms, which are already on the hook for GDPR, are expected to spend another $2m each. For the tech giants that looks like small change.(已经需要遵守GDPR的大企业预计每家还要再花费200万美元。对于科技巨头来说，这笔钱只是小钱。)”可知，这笔合规成本对大型企业微不足道，由此推断它们不会在意遵守CCPA的花费。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Mean streets “I have slept on the Embankment,” wrote George Orwell in 1933, adding that, despite the noise and the wet and the cold, it was “much better than not sleeping at all”. Under the nearby Charing Cross bridge, Orwell reported that “50 men were waiting, mirrored in the shivering puddles.” ___47___ Across London their numbers have more than tripled since 2010. It is a pattern found in much of the rich world. Almost every European country is seeing a rise in the number of homeless people, including those who live in temporary accommodation, as well as the smaller number who live on the streets. Homelessness across America is in decline, but it is increasing in its richest cities. Roughly 5,000 people live on the streets of San Francisco, a 19% rise in just two years. ___48___ In post-war America there was little rough sleeping, and homelessness was falling so fast that people predicted its disappearance. Even today, some rich, successful cities, including Tokyo and Munich, have few people living on the streets. The state can do something to help. Cuts to rent subsidies (补贴) for Britain’s poor are probably the biggest reason why Charing Cross has so many people sleeping on the streets once again. Making such subsidies more generous might actually save governments money in the medium term. ___49___ People would also be more likely to find a job. Another option is for the state to build more housing itself. In Singapore, another place where there is practically no homelessness, 80% of residents live in government-built flats which they buy at knock-down prices. While many countries have been privatizing their stock of public housing, Finland has been building more of it, giving the government enough to put homeless people in their own apartments rather than warehousing them in shelters. It has adopted an approach originally pioneered in America, which does not demand that homeless folk quit drinking or drugs before giving them accommodation. ___50___ In Finland the homeless numbers are moving in the right direction. A. After all, demands on health-care services and the police would decline. B. Nine decades on and Charing Cross and the Embankment are once again full of rough sleepers, even during the coldest days of December. C. Since then, housing costs in London have fallen in real terms and the number of rough sleepers has fallen by 80% in 20 years. D. This is the underlying reason for rising homelessness. E. It does not have to be this way. F. Instead it gives them a home first, and then offers intensive support to help them cope with their problems. 【答案】47. B 48. E 49. A 50. F 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍发达国家无家可归者数量上涨的现状，分析成因并列举多地可行的解决办法。 【47题详解】 根据空前的“Mean streets “I have slept on the Embankment,” wrote George Orwell in 1933, adding that, despite the noise and the wet and the cold, it was “much better than not sleeping at all”. Under the nearby Charing Cross bridge, Orwell reported that “50 men were waiting, mirrored in the shivering puddles.”(艰难的街道“我曾睡在泰晤士河堤岸上，”乔治·奥威尔在1933年写道，他还补充说，尽管嘈杂、潮湿又寒冷，但这“总比完全无觉可睡要好得多”。奥威尔记载，在附近查令十字桥下，“五十个人等候着，身影映在瑟瑟发抖的水洼里。”)”以及空后的“Across London their numbers have more than tripled since 2010.(自2010年以来，伦敦全市露宿者的数量增长了两倍多。)”可知，前文引用奥威尔1933年的文字记录当年查令十字桥一带露宿者的情况，空格衔接过去与现在，说明如今此地再次出现大量露宿者。B选项“Nine decades on and Charing Cross and the Embankment are once again full of rough sleepers, even during the coldest days of December (九十年过去了，查令十字桥和泰晤士河堤岸再次挤满露宿者，即便在十二月最冷的日子里也是如此)”中的Nine decades on呼应原文1933年的时间，承接奥威尔的记述，引出后文伦敦露宿者数量激增的数据。 【48题详解】 根据空前的“Roughly 5,000 people live on the streets of San Francisco, a 19% rise in just two years.(大约五千人在旧金山街头露宿，短短两年内涨幅达到百分之十九。)”以及空后的“In post-war America there was little rough sleeping, and homelessness was falling so fast that people predicted its disappearance. Even today, some rich, successful cities, including Tokyo and Munich, have few people living on the streets.(战后美国几乎没有露宿街头的人，无家可归者数量下降速度很快，当时人们预测这一问题将会消失。即便到今天，东京、慕尼黑等一些富裕发达的城市，街头也几乎没有露宿者。)”可知，前文摆出旧金山露宿人数上涨的糟糕现状，后文举例说明该问题并非必然存在，很多地方可以做到几乎没有露宿者。E选项“It does not have to be this way (事情本不必如此)”起到承上启下的过渡作用，暗示现状可以被改变，引出下文正面例子。 【49题详解】 根据空前的“Making such subsidies more generous might actually save governments money in the medium term.(提高这类补贴额度，从中期来看反而可能为政府节省开支。)”以及空后的“People would also be more likely to find a job.(人们也将更有可能找到工作。)”可知，前文提出提高租金补贴能帮政府省钱，空格处需要解释为什么这样做可以节约财政支出，和后文并列介绍补贴带来的好处。A选项“After all, demands on health-care services and the police would decline (毕竟，医疗服务和警务方面的压力都会减轻)”中的After all用来解释前文“节省开支”的理由，和下一句的also构成好处的并列关系，前后语义连贯。 【50题详解】 根据空前的“It has adopted an approach originally pioneered in America, which does not demand that homeless folk quit drinking or drugs before giving them accommodation.(芬兰采用了起源于美国的一套方案，该方案不要求无家可归者先戒酒戒毒，才给他们提供住所。)”以及空后的“In Finland the homeless numbers are moving in the right direction.(芬兰无家可归者的数量正朝着向好的方向发展。)”可知，前文介绍该政策不设置先戒瘾再住房的硬性条件，空格承接上文，继续说明这套方案的具体操作方式。F选项“Instead it gives them a home first, and then offers intensive support to help them cope with their problems (相反，它先为他们提供住处，之后再提供集中帮扶，帮他们处理自身问题)”中的Instead和上文“不要求先戒酒戒毒”形成转折对照，清晰补充该政策的核心做法，为后文芬兰取得成效做铺垫。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Drop me a line In our fast world of phones, emails and computers, the old-fashioned art of letter writing is at risk of disappearing altogether. Yet, to me, there is something about receiving a letter that cannot be matched by any other form of communication. There is the excitement of its arrival, the pleasure of seeing who it is from and, finally, the enjoyment of the contents. Letter writing has been part of my life for as long as I can remember. It probably began with the little notes I would write to my mother. My mother, also, always insisted I write my own thank-you letters for Christmas and birthday presents. It didn’t matter how short or untidy they were as long as they were letters. When I left home at 18 to train as a doctor in London, I would write once a week, and so would my mother. Occasionally my father would write and it was always a joy to receive his long, amusing letters. Most of the letters from home contained just everyday events concerning my parents and their friends. Of course, we also made phone calls but it is the letters I remember most. I love the letters that come with birthday or Christmas cards. And it’s even nicer when it’s an airmail envelope with beautiful stamps. My overseas letters arrive from Mangala in Sri Lanka, from someone I trained with over 20 years ago, and I have a penfriend in Australia and another in Vancouver. I am pleased that my children are carrying on the tradition. Like my mother before me, I insist they write their own thank-you letters. My daughter writes me little letters, just as I did to my mother. She and my son have penfriends of their own in Texas, organised by my penfriend. However old-fashioned communicating by letter writing may appear to be, I strongly urge readers not to allow letter writing to become another “lost art”. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文： Although letter-writing is rare now, I love communicating this way. While young, I started to write notes and thank-you letters thanks to my mother. While studying medicine in London, I kept in touch with my parents with letters. I love letters with cards and those from my overseas penfriends. My children start writing letters. I hope this tradition won’t disappear. 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述作者十分喜爱写信这一传统交流方式，并希望这项传统不会消亡。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①In our fast world of phones, emails and computers, the old-fashioned art of letter writing is at risk of disappearing altogether. Yet, to me, there is something about receiving a letter that cannot be matched by any other form of communication. ②Letter writing has been part of my life for as long as I can remember. It probably began with the little notes I would write to my mother. My mother, also, always insisted I write my own thank-you letters for Christmas and birthday presents. ③When I left home at 18 to train as a doctor in London, I would write once a week, and so would my mother. Occasionally my father would write and it was always a joy to receive his long, amusing letters. ④I love the letters that come with birthday or Christmas cards. And it’s even nicer when it's an airmail envelope with beautiful stamps. My overseas letters arrive from Mangala in Sri Lanka, from someone I trained with over 20 years ago, and I have a penfriend in Australia and another in Vancouver. ⑤I am pleased that my children are carrying on the tradition. Like my mother before me, I insist they write their own thank-you letters. My daughter writes me little letters, just as I did to my mother. She and my son have penfriends of their own in Texas, organised by my penfriend. ⑥However old-fashioned communicating by letter writing may appear to be, I strongly urge readers not to allow letter writing to become another “lost art”. 2.缜密构思 将第①要点作为开篇引入话题，依次串联②③④⑤要点介绍自身经历，最后用第⑥要点作为结尾升华主旨。 3.遣词造句 Although letter-writing is rare now, I love communicating this way. While young, I started to write notes and thank-you letters thanks to my mother. While studying medicine in London, I kept in touch with my parents with letters. I love letters with cards and those from my overseas penfriends.   My children start writing letters. I hope this tradition won’t disappear. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Although letter-writing is rare now, I love communicating this way.(运用了Although引导的让步状语从句) 【高分句型2】While studying medicine in London, I kept in touch with my parents with letters.(运用了While引导的时间状语从句的省略) IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这家健身中心被誉为这个社区的加分项。(see) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This fitness center is seen as a plus for this community. 【解析】 【详解】表示“这家健身中心”用this fitness centre，作主语，句首单词首字母大写。表示“被誉为”即“被视为”，用be seen as，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is。表示“这个社区的加分项”用a plus for this community。 53. 很难想象这家声名远播的饭店竟然坐落在深山里。(locate) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It’s hard to imagine that this famous restaurant is located deep in the mountains. 【解析】 【详解】表示“很难想象”用it’s hard to imagine...，it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语，that引导宾语从句。表示“这家声名远播的饭店竟然坐落在深山里”用宾语从句，表示“这家声名远播的饭店”用this famous restaurant，作主语；表示“坐落在深山里”用be located deep in the mountains，描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语this famous restaurant是单数，be动词用is；宾语从句不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。 54. 从首都直接乘飞机到海滩的游客一定会错过这个山谷的美丽景色。(sure) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Tourists who fly directly from the capital to the beach are sure to miss the beautiful scenery of this valley. 【解析】 【详解】表示“游客”用tourists，作主语，位于句首首字母大写。表示“从首都直接乘飞机到海滩的”用定语从句，修饰先行词Tourists，关系词在从句中作主语，可用who引导；表示“从首都直接乘飞机到海滩”用fly directly from the capital to the beach，描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，谓语用动词原形。表示“一定做某事”用be sure to do sth；“错过这个山谷的美丽景色”为miss the beautiful scenery of this valley，主语为Tourists，be动词用are。 55. 这些学生首次注意到其他人在面对面交流过程中拿出手机这个动作有多频繁。(note) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】These students noted for the first time how frequently others took out their phones during face-to-face communication. 【解析】 【详解】表示“这些学生”短语为these students，作主语；表示“首次”短语为for the first time，作状语；表示“注意到”动词为note，句子描述过去发生的事，谓语用noted；表示“有多频繁”用how引导宾语从句，后跟副词frequently，从句使用陈述语序；表示“其他人”用others，作从句主语；表示“拿出手机”短语为take out their phones，时态和主句谓语保持一致，用took out，作从句谓语；表示“在面对面交流过程中”短语为during face-to-face communication，作状语。 V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，下个月将有来自英国的学生来访你校，学生会宣传部计划设计一本小册子来介绍中国的传统文化，作为宣传部的一员，你的任务是介绍一个中国的传统节日。写一篇文章，内容须包括：1) 这一节日的名称及日期；2) 这一节日的传统庆祝方法。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文： Dear British friends, I am thrilled to introduce you to the Spring Festival, which is the most significant traditional festival in our culture. The festival usually falls on the first day of the first lunar month, marking the beginning of a brand-new year. The dates vary annually according to the lunar calendar, but it always signals the arrival of spring and the reunification of families. The traditional celebrations are vibrant and revolve around the concept of family reunion. On the eve of the festival, family members gather for a lavish reunion dinner featuring traditional delicacies like dumplings and fish, symbolizing prosperity. Additionally, children receive red envelopes containing lucky money from their elders to ward off evil spirits. Furthermore, people decorate their houses with red couplets and paper cuttings, and set off firecrackers to celebrate the new year. I sincerely hope you can experience this magical festival firsthand in the future. 【解析】 【导语】题目要求考生以李明身份为来访英国学生撰写介绍中国传统节日的小册子文稿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 最重要的：significant → vital 传统的：traditional → conventional 真诚地：sincerely → genuinely 庆祝：celebrate → observe 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：The traditional celebrations are vibrant and revolve around the concept of family reunion. 拓展句：The traditional celebrations are vibrant and revolve around the concept of family reunion, which is highly valued in Chinese culture. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I am thrilled to introduce you to the Spring Festival, which is the most significant traditional festival in our culture. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】The festival usually falls on the first day of the first lunar month, marking the beginning of a brand-new year. (运用了现在分词marking作状语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2024学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科3月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Lightning Strikes! Three years ago a bolt of lightning all but ruined Lynn Miller’s house in Aberdeen — with her two children inside. “There was a huge rainstorm,” she says, ____1____ (recall) the terrifying experience. “My brother and I were outside desperately working to stop floodwater from coming in the house. Suddenly I ____2____(throw) to the ground by an enormous bang. When I picked myself up, I found the roof and the entire upper storey of the house completely ____3____ (destroy). The door was blocked by rubble (碎石), but we forced our way in and found the children, thankfully unharmed.” “Later I was told that ____4____ (strike) by lightning is a chance in a million.” In fact, it’s calculated at one chance in 600,000. Even so, Dr Mark Keys of AER Technology, an organisation that monitors the effects of lightning, thinks you should be sensible, “I wouldn’t go out in a storm — but then I’m quite a careful person.” He advises anyone who is unlucky enough ____5____ (catch) in a storm to get down on the ground and curl up into a ball, making yourself as small as possible. Lightning is one of nature’s displays of power. 250 years ago, Benjamin Franklin, the American scientist and statesman, proved that lightning is a form of electricity, but scientists still lack a complete understanding of ____6____ it works. Occasionally, there are indications that lightning may strike. Positive electrical charges streaming upwards from trees may make a noise, and people’s hair can stand ____7____ end. Harold Deal, a retiring electrician from South Carolina, USA, was struck by lightning 26 years ago. He was apparently unhurt, but it later emerged that the strike had damaged the part of the brain ____8____ controls the sensation of temperature. Since then the freezing South Carolina winters ____9____ (bother) Harold, since he is completely unable to feel the cold. Animals are victims of lightning, too. Hundreds of cows and sheep are killed every year, largely ____10____ they go under trees. In East Anglia in 1918, 504 sheep were killed instantaneously by the same bolt of lightning that hit the ground and travelled through the entire flock. Lightning is also responsible for starting more than 10,000 forest fires each year world-wide. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. construction B. currently C. delays D. disastrous E. effortlessly F. forecast G. operation H. safeguard I. strengthened J. total K. withdraw History Underwater In 1966, Venice experienced its worst flood in history when water levels reached 194 centimeters, according to a report. Italy then invested billions of dollars in a system of floodgates that were supposed to protect Venice from the ____11____ flooding the city is experiencing right now. It’s called MOSE, which refers to an experimental electromechanical module. The flood protection system is a series of underwater barriers designed to ____12____ the three inlets leading to Venice’s lagoon (泻湖) during high tides. The system consists of a series of bright-yellow gates that reach from one side of the inlet to the other set in a trench (海沟) on the seafloor. Each gate is built from ____13____ steel that provides resistance from the pounding waves. When a tide higher than 110 centimeters is ____14____, air is pumped into the gates, causing them to rise above the surface. When the high waters ____15____, the gates sink below the surface to their original position. There are a(n) ____16____ of 78 gates among the three inlets. Engineers are ____17____ working on how to raise them at once. The first testing is expected next year. Work began on the barrier project in 2003. It has been under ____18____ for years. Cost increases and related ____19____ have caused many setbacks. It is now scheduled to be in ____20____ by 2022. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The modern zoo has travelled a long way from the days of simple cages. Today’s zoos aim to do far more than just show exotic animals to visitors. They play a key role in wildlife conservation, education and research. But they still face many ____21____. One big debate is whether zoos are good for animals. Critics say that no matter how well-designed enclosures are, they cannot ____22____ the wild. Even large enclosures limit animals’ natural behaviours. Some animals in zoos show signs of stress, such as repeated, meaningless movements. On the other hand, zoo supporters ____23____ that many species are dying out in the wild. For these animals, zoos offer safe places where they can breed. Many zoo-bred animals have been ____24____ back into their natural habitats. Education is another major goal. Zoos give city-dwelling people a chance to ____25____ with wildlife they would never otherwise see. Children can learn about animal behaviour and conservation. Studies show that many visitors leave zoos with greater ____26____ of environmental problems. However, critics argue that people can learn about animals from documentaries and books without keeping them in ____27____. Scientific research carried out in zoos also brings great ____28____. Scientists can study animal health, reproduction and behaviour in controlled conditions. This knowledge helps to ____29____ wild populations. But research in zoos is limited. It cannot fully copy the complex ____30____ of the natural world. Money is another ____31____. Building and maintaining modern natural-looking enclosures costs huge sums. Zoos rely on ticket sales and donations. During economic downturns, some zoos struggle to survive. To meet these challenges, zoos have to make ___32___. They must balance the needs of animals with the interests of visitors. Some rare species are ____33____ and need special protection. But zoos also need to attract visitors to stay open. Finding the right ____34____ between conservation and entertainment is not easy. However, most zookeepers refuse to ____35____ their high standards. They believe that with careful planning, zoos can continue to play a valuable role in protecting wildlife. 21. A. debates B. victories C. donations D. attractions 22. A. dominate B. replace C. resemble D. restrict 23. A. deny B. pretend C. argue D. doubt 24. A. transported B. tracked C. brought D. released 25. A. connect B. compete C. agree D. cooperate 26. A. fear B. awareness C. doubt D. shame 27. A. danger B. peace C. captivity D. adventure 28. A. profits B. troubles C. benefits D. risks 29. A. protect B. threaten C. observe D. hunt 30. A. feelings B. conditions C. rules D. disasters 31. A. pleasure B. puzzle C. barrier D. reward 32. A. predictions B. adjustments C. apologies D. comparisons 33. A. rare B. domestic C. tame D. fierce 34. A. conflict B. balance C. contrast D. gap 35. A. give up B. insist on C. carry out D. put off Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） This week, the Summer Boat Show in London is filled with fine boats, shining with new technology. By contrast, my own lies quietly on a tidal creek (小溪) off the south coast. She was designed last year but, seeing her, you might imagine her to be 100 years old and think that her owner must be some kind of lost-soul romantic. For me a boat should always be a boat and not a cottage on the water. When I bought an earlier boat, Hirta, in which I sailed around Britain for a TV race series, the previous owner observed that she had every comfort, but no luxury. During my long relationship with her, Hirta taught me how wise she was. Her sails were heavy, and she had no pumped water, no electricity to speak of, no fridge, no central heating, and absolutely no electronics, yet she was the kindest, easiest boat that I have ever sailed at sea. Back on land, however, it is a sad fact that the very oldness of classic boats means that they need a lot of looking after. When I had a bad injury to my back, I realised that my 15-year love affair with her had to end. Searching for a younger replacement produced no satisfaction, so I decided to build a new boat from scratch. The Westman has never disappointed me. Although Nigel Irens, the designer, and ED Burnett, his right-hand man, are good at computer-assisted design programs, Irens initially drew this boat on a paper napkin, and only later transferred his ideas to the computer. Then, he carved a model, just as boatyards did in the days of sail. Together we considered the primary embryonic vessel (船的雏形), then fed the design back into the electronic box for modification. The next version was nearly right and by the time the final one appeared, the form was perfect. The completed boat has now crossed the North Atlantic and has won four out of her first six racing starts. Her appearance is ageless, her motion at sea is a pleasure and her accommodation provides an atmosphere of deep peace. Maybe this is because she was drawn purely as a sailing craft, without reference to any furniture we might put into her. That is the well-tried method of the sea. In her timeless calmness, she is the living proof that it works: that there is no need to follow current fashions to find satisfaction, and that sometimes it pays to listen to the lessons of history. 36. By “For me a boat should always be a boat and not a cottage on the water”, the writer means that ________. A. he always keeps his boat in good condition B. he never thinks of a boat as his living space C. he doesn't like the idea of building a home on the water D. he doesn't mind whether to live on a boat or in a cottage 37. What is the writer’s opinion of Hirta? A. It was a perfect sailboat. B. It was a little bit luxurious. C. It was not modern enough. D. It was not very comfortable. 38. According to the writer, The Westman was designed in a ________ way. A. creative B. disappointing C. traditional D. repetitive 39. What does the writer want to prove with his boat? A. The lessons of history are not easy to follow though they are useful. B. A boat can work very well even if it involves no modern technology. C. There is no need to find evidence that boats are still a timeless treasure. D. It is impossible to find satisfaction on a boat by following current fashions. （B） Traditional clothing Jamaica's traditional clothing is made from lightweight materials such as cotton or linen in bright colours. Women often wear handmade clothes made from calico, a type of printed cotton cloth with a striped pattern and colourful headscarves. Men prefer jeans or light-coloured trousers, short-sleeved shirts and sometimes a bandana on their heads. The quadrille dress, which is the national costume of Jamaica, is worn for special celebrations and traditional dancing. The cotton dress has a similar pattern to Scottish tartan (格子呢). Attitude The carefree attitude of this Caribbean island has undoubtedly influenced Jamaican clothing. Usually bright and colourful, comfortable clothing is a must and lightweight fabrics (面料) are favoured over heavy ones. Beachwear is also a significant part of Jamaican attire and Jamaican coastlines are packed with people wearing western-style swimming costumes, shorts and flip-flops. Rastafarianism The Rastafarian movement started in Jamaica, and Rastafarian-inspired clothing, with its characteristic three colours of red, green and gold, is widespread on the island. Rastafarian or Rasta clothing is made from natural materials such as cotton, wool or fibres from the hemp plant. One immediately recognizable Rasta accessory (配饰) is the ‘rastacap’, or ‘tam’, the knitted hat which is worn over dreadlocks. Rasta clothing is often associated with both fans and musicians of reggae music, such as the legendary Bob Marley. Fashion shows Jamaica holds two well-known fashion events every year: the Caribbean Fashion Week and Style Week Jamaica. The events attract international designers who come to see the latest trends and styles from the Caribbean. They also give local Jamaican designers a chance to share their talent with the rest of the world. Young designers are also being featured on reality TV shows in Jamaica like Mission Catwalk, which aims to discover talented local designers and help them to enter the international world of fashion. Among Jamaica’s successful fashion designers is Bob Marley’s daughter, Cedella, who has created her own fashion label, Catch a Fire, named after one of her father’s albums, and whose clothing is also inspired by him. 40. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Jamaica: Fashion and People B. Jamaica: Clothes and Culture C. Jamaica: Attitudes and Lifestyles D. Jamaica: Traditional and Modern 41. Which of the following statements is true of Jamaica’s traditional clothing? A. Their dress resembles Scottish tartan in pattern. B. Men can be seen wearing fruit on their head. C. Men often have their knitted hats on in traditional dancing. D. Women can't wear light-coloured trousers in public places. 42. How do Jamaica’s young fashion designers get to be known? A. By designing Rastafarian clothing. B. By going to reality TV shows. C. By working with Cedella Marley. D. By taking a carefree attitude. （C） History does not repeat but sometimes it rhymes. So, it seems, do efforts to protect netizens’ privacy. The European Union led the world with its General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which came into force in May 2018. That law shook up internet giants and global advertising firms, both of which had previously used consumer data with little oversight. On December 11th India’s government introduced a bill that would force firms to handle data only with consumer agreement and give the authorities sweeping access to them. But the piece of legislation (立法) rhyming with GDPR right now is the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), which comes into force on January 1st. To online businesses, it jars. The Californian law copies some of the GDPR’s items. It gives consumers the right to know what online information is collected about them and how it is used, permits them to demand that their data be destroyed and to charge companies with releasing data. In some ways, the CCPA is looser than its European predecessor (前身). It does not, for instance, insist that firms have a “legal basis” for collecting and using personal data or restrict the international transfer of data. It also stops short of demanding the appointment of corporate data-protection officers and assessments of projects’ data-protection risks. In other respects, though, California goes further than the EU. The CCPA adopts a broader definition of personal information (which extends to such things as internet cookies that identify users on websites) and it forbids discrimination (by offering discounts to those who grant firms access to their data). Companies must enable Californians to choose not to engage in the sale of personal data with a clear “do not sell” link on their home page, rather than through GDPR’s process. “Initial compliance” with the CCPA may, for its part, cost the estimated 500,000-odd affected American firms $55bn according to a study. Any such estimates should be taken with a grain of salt. For one thing, global firms that are already GDPR-compliant have a head start, even if differences between the two laws mean observing the Californian one will be far from automatic. Big firms, which are already on the hook for GDPR, are expected to spend another $2m each. For the tech giants that looks like small change. For smaller online sellers, app-makers or other firms present on the internet the Californian law will be unwelcomed. They can ignore European regulations, because most have no EU business, but cannot easily stay away from one of America’s biggest domestic markets. A new survey by the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, a lobby group, claims that only 12% of small businesses in America know about the law, let alone have prepared for it. 43. The word “jars” (in paragraph 2) most probably means ________. A. stops a company from developing B. causes unpleasant feelings C. rhymes with history D. comes into force 44. CCPA is different from GDPR in that ________. A. CCPA doesn’t require companies to assign data-protection officers B. CCPA asks consumers to assess projects’ data-protection risks for a company C. CCPA doesn’t give consumers the right to know about their own information D. CCPA permits companies to destroy data as long as they find something illegal 45. Which of the following is forbidden by CCPA? A. Going through GDPR’s process. B. Using cookies online to identify users. C. Labelling a website with a clear “do not sell” link. D. Offering discounts to users who let firms use their data. 46. What can be inferred from the passage about big firms? A. They don’t have much business in Europe. B. They will find CCPA easier to observe than GDPR. C. They won’t care about the cost of observing CCPA. D. They will choose to stay away from domestic markets. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Mean streets “I have slept on the Embankment,” wrote George Orwell in 1933, adding that, despite the noise and the wet and the cold, it was “much better than not sleeping at all”. Under the nearby Charing Cross bridge, Orwell reported that “50 men were waiting, mirrored in the shivering puddles.” ___47___ Across London their numbers have more than tripled since 2010. It is a pattern found in much of the rich world. Almost every European country is seeing a rise in the number of homeless people, including those who live in temporary accommodation, as well as the smaller number who live on the streets. Homelessness across America is in decline, but it is increasing in its richest cities. Roughly 5,000 people live on the streets of San Francisco, a 19% rise in just two years. ___48___ In post-war America there was little rough sleeping, and homelessness was falling so fast that people predicted its disappearance. Even today, some rich, successful cities, including Tokyo and Munich, have few people living on the streets. The state can do something to help. Cuts to rent subsidies (补贴) for Britain’s poor are probably the biggest reason why Charing Cross has so many people sleeping on the streets once again. Making such subsidies more generous might actually save governments money in the medium term. ___49___ People would also be more likely to find a job. Another option is for the state to build more housing itself. In Singapore, another place where there is practically no homelessness, 80% of residents live in government-built flats which they buy at knock-down prices. While many countries have been privatizing their stock of public housing, Finland has been building more of it, giving the government enough to put homeless people in their own apartments rather than warehousing them in shelters. It has adopted an approach originally pioneered in America, which does not demand that homeless folk quit drinking or drugs before giving them accommodation. ___50___ In Finland the homeless numbers are moving in the right direction. A. After all, demands on health-care services and the police would decline. B. Nine decades on and Charing Cross and the Embankment are once again full of rough sleepers, even during the coldest days of December. C. Since then, housing costs in London have fallen in real terms and the number of rough sleepers has fallen by 80% in 20 years. D. This is the underlying reason for rising homelessness. E. It does not have to be this way. F. Instead it gives them a home first, and then offers intensive support to help them cope with their problems. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Drop me a line In our fast world of phones, emails and computers, the old-fashioned art of letter writing is at risk of disappearing altogether. Yet, to me, there is something about receiving a letter that cannot be matched by any other form of communication. There is the excitement of its arrival, the pleasure of seeing who it is from and, finally, the enjoyment of the contents. Letter writing has been part of my life for as long as I can remember. It probably began with the little notes I would write to my mother. My mother, also, always insisted I write my own thank-you letters for Christmas and birthday presents. It didn’t matter how short or untidy they were as long as they were letters. When I left home at 18 to train as a doctor in London, I would write once a week, and so would my mother. Occasionally my father would write and it was always a joy to receive his long, amusing letters. Most of the letters from home contained just everyday events concerning my parents and their friends. Of course, we also made phone calls but it is the letters I remember most. I love the letters that come with birthday or Christmas cards. And it’s even nicer when it’s an airmail envelope with beautiful stamps. My overseas letters arrive from Mangala in Sri Lanka, from someone I trained with over 20 years ago, and I have a penfriend in Australia and another in Vancouver. I am pleased that my children are carrying on the tradition. Like my mother before me, I insist they write their own thank-you letters. My daughter writes me little letters, just as I did to my mother. She and my son have penfriends of their own in Texas, organised by my penfriend. However old-fashioned communicating by letter writing may appear to be, I strongly urge readers not to allow letter writing to become another “lost art”. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 这家健身中心被誉为这个社区的加分项。(see) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 53. 很难想象这家声名远播的饭店竟然坐落在深山里。(locate) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 54. 从首都直接乘飞机到海滩的游客一定会错过这个山谷的美丽景色。(sure) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 55. 这些学生首次注意到其他人在面对面交流过程中拿出手机这个动作有多频繁。(note) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，下个月将有来自英国的学生来访你校，学生会宣传部计划设计一本小册子来介绍中国的传统文化，作为宣传部的一员，你的任务是介绍一个中国的传统节日。写一篇文章，内容须包括：1) 这一节日的名称及日期；2) 这一节日的传统庆祝方法。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $