精品解析：上海复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年第二学期高二年级英语学科4月试卷

复旦大学附属中学2025学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科4月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Never Skip Sleep Stress, scientists also know, can speed up aging, and a body that’s not sleeping enough looks similar to one that’s stressed out — it’s highly reactive to threats, even when those threats don’t have any real risk. Biologically speaking, there’s virtually no difference in the way a body reacts to a noise in the middle of the night or a stressful work deadline: in ____1____ of the cases, fight-or-flight mode is triggered (触发), blood pressure rises, breathing gets shallow, and the heart starts to race. That’s what happens to a body on no sleep too. Those stress reactions can be useful, of course: they enable you ____2____ (respond) more readily to an actual physical threat. But that’s not usually what ____3____ (go) on. And staying in an alert mode can trigger a number of unhealthy conditions, the most damaging of ____4____ is inflammation (发炎). Inflammation is the body’s natural defense system ____5____ injury or invading microbes like bacteria and viruses. But inflammation can also become long-term, and that’s when the real trouble starts. Long-term inflammation, doctors now know, is a(n) ____6____ (lead) driver of many diseases, and one of the main drivers of long-term inflammation is, of course, not sleeping enough. Getting a decent night’s sleep, then, is good advice for all of us. Americans spent a(n) ____7____ (estimate) $41 billion on sleeping pills and other sleep aids in 2015; ____8____ much we may boast about our diligence, we know that we need sleep, even if we don’t always know why. But scientists do. That’s ____9____ experts are insisting, with increasing frequency and noise, that sleep be a priority — as important or more than what you eat and how much you exercise. We wouldn’t dream of skipping meals on a regular basis, so why _____10_____ (skip) sleep? 【答案】1. both 2. to respond 3. is going 4. which 5. against 6. leading 7. estimated 8. however 9. why 10. skip 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍睡眠不足和压力会引发相似的应激反应，长期炎症由此产生并诱发多种疾病，强调睡眠应当和饮食、锻炼一样被优先重视。 【1题详解】 考查代词。句意：从生物学角度来说，身体对半夜的异响和有压力的工作截止日期的反应方式几乎没有区别：在这两种情况下，战斗或逃跑模式都会被触发，血压升高，呼吸变浅，心跳开始加速。前文提到两种情况，both表示两者都。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：当然，这些应激反应是有用的：它们让你对真实的人身威胁更快作出反应。固定搭配enable sb. to do sth.，不定式作宾语补足语。 【3题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：但这通常并不是正在发生的情况。what作主语，谓语用单数；结合语境用现在进行时is going。 【4题详解】 考查定语从句关系词。句意：持续处于警觉状态会引发多种不健康状况，其中危害最大的是炎症。介词+which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面unhealthy conditions。 【5题详解】 考查介词。句意：炎症是身体对抗损伤以及细菌、病毒这类入侵微生物的天然防御系统。against表示对抗、抵御。 【6题详解】 考查形容词。句意：医生现已了解，长期炎症是许多疾病的主要诱因，而长期炎症的主要诱因之一自然就是睡眠不足。形容词修饰名词driver，leading表示主要的。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：2015年，美国人在安眠药以及其他助眠产品上的花费估计达410亿美元。形容词化的过去分词estimated作定语，表被动含义，意为预估的。 【8题详解】 考查让步状语从句。句意：无论我们如何吹嘘自己勤奋，我们都知道自己需要睡眠，即便我们并不总清楚背后的原因。表示无论多么，用however引导让步状语从句。 【9题详解】 考查表语从句引导词。句意：这就是专家们越来越频繁、强烈地坚持睡眠应当优先的原因，其重要性不亚于甚至高于饮食和运动。表示……的原因，用why引导表语从句。 【10题详解】 考查动词。句意：我们绝不会想着经常不吃饭，那为什么要舍弃睡眠呢？固定句型why do sth.，此处why后直接接动词原形skip。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. approached B. characters C. corners D. costly E. defense F. dying G. explanation H. magnified I. potential J. storing K. tasteful Temples of print Letterpress printing (活版印刷) hung on longer in poorer countries than in Britain, but now its near extinction is global. Thousands of tonnes of metal type must have been melted down. But some has been bought up by collectors like Ahmad Matar, a Saudi Arabian artist. His biggest collection was from an Armenian library in Cairo, but he says that Beirut may have the greatest ____11____ for it was the centre of the Arabic printing industry. “There is an Arabic saying,” he says from his studio in Jeddah. “Cairo writes. Beirut prints. Baghdad reads.” The most enthusiastic conservators (文物保护者) are former printers. The employees of ____12____ industries often feel a powerful feeling for the machines with which they have spent their lives. The feeling is perhaps ____13____ among those whose business was spreading human culture. When Izumi Munemura was looking for material for the Printing Museum he opened in Tokyo in 2000 he was ____14____ by former employees of Toppan, a printing company, which had largely stopped using letterpress by 1985. They had been ____15____ some of the company’s hot-metal type. “They opened the door to the warehouse and said, ‘Here you go: we have been waiting for this moment.” Not all the old fonts and machines were given to museums or melted down. In a few ____16____ of the world, such as Kazui Press in Tokyo, they continue to operate. Kazui was run by Juzo Takaoka from 1956 until his son, Masao, took over in 1995. The younger Mr Takaoka still runs the firm. Letterpress is a far more difficult business in Japanese than in English; it takes 3,000-4,000 ____17____ to print a book or newspaper. It is also ____18____: Kazui business cards are $185 per hundred. But Mr Takaoka still has plenty of customers. In ____19____ he points to a grey china cup into which he has poured tea. “You can serve or drink tea in a plastic or paper cup. The process would be the same: you bring the cup to your mouth and you drink tea. But it’s more _____20_____ to drink from a china cup, no?” 【答案】11. I 12. F 13. H 14. A 15. J 16. C 17. B 18. D 19. G 20. K 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了活版印刷濒临消失，一些收藏者和保护者尽力保存这项工艺，还介绍了日本一家仍在经营活版印刷业务的印刷店。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：但他说贝鲁特可能拥有最大的潜力，因为它曾是阿拉伯印刷业的中心。结合后文“for it was the centre of the Arabic printing industry”可知，此处表示“潜力”，选用potential。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：日渐消亡行业里的从业者，往往对陪伴自己一生的机器怀有深厚的感情。结合后文对旧印刷机器的保护可知，此处表示“消亡的”，选用dying，修饰名词industries。 【13题详解】 考查动词过去分词。句意：这种情感在那些从事文化传播行业的人身上或许被放大了。结合上下文语境可知，此处表示“放大”，选用magnified，和is构成被动语态。 【14题详解】 考查动词过去分词。句意：2000年，宗村和泉在东京筹备创办印刷博物馆、寻找展品材料时，凸版印刷公司的前员工主动找到了他，这家公司在1985年基本不再使用活版印刷。结合句意可知，此处表示“接洽、靠近”，选用approached，和was构成被动语态。 【15题详解】 考查动词现在分词。句意：他们一直保存着公司的部分热金属活字。结合后文仓库存放活字的内容可知，此处表示“储存”，选用storing，与had been构成过去完成进行时。 【16题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：在世界上少数角落，比如东京的Kazui印刷所，这类老式设备仍在运转。结合句意可知，此处表示“角落”，选用corners，a few后接可数名词复数。 【17题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：用日语做活版印刷要比英语难得多；印刷一本书或者一份报纸需要三千到四千个字符。结合日语活字印刷特点可知，此处表示“字符、文字”，选用characters，数字后用复数形式。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这项工艺成本也很高：Kazui印刷的名片一百张售价185美元。结合后文高昂的价格可知，此处表示“昂贵的”，选用costly，作表语。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：为了解释这一点，他指着一只已经倒好茶的灰色瓷杯。结合下文用杯子喝茶举例的内容可知，此处表示“解释”，选用explanation，作宾语。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：但是用瓷杯喝茶更有格调，不是吗？结合瓷杯和纸杯、塑料杯的对比可知，此处表示“雅致的、有品味的”，选用tasteful，在句中作表语。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Is the west falling out of love with the car? For environmentalists it seems a(n) ____21____ dream, but it is happening. While those with young families may carry on using four wheels, a combination of our ageing societies and a new attitude among the young seems to be ____22____ our 20th-century car addiction. Somewhere along the road, we reached the high point of the car and are now moving down the other side. That ____23____ takes several forms. Sales of new cars have almost halved in the US, down from nearly 11 million in 1985 to about 5.5 million now. We shouldn’t ____24____ that to a great degree, though. Cars last longer these days, and sales go up and down with the economy. But we have hit peak car ownership, too. And, more to the point, peak per-capita travel (人均出行). The phenomenon was first ____25____ in The Road...Less Traveled, a 2008 report by the Brookings Institution in Washington DC, but had been going on largely unnoticed for years. Japan reached it in the 1990s. They talk there of “demotorisation”. The west had its ____26____ point in 2004. That year the US, UK, Germany, France, Australia and Sweden all saw the start of a decline in the number of kilometres an average person travelled in a car that ____27____ today. What could be driving us ____28____? Fuel costs and rising insurance premiums (保险费) may be a factor. And urban congestion, combined with an absence of parking places and congestion charging, makes an increasing number of us look on the car as a(n) ____29____ way to move around in cities where there are public transport alternatives. Demographics (人口统计数据) are another possible ____30____. It is surely no ____31____ that ‘peak car’ happened first in Japan, which has the world’s oldest population. Pensioners do not drive to work, and many don’t drive at all. There is also the rise of “virtual commuters” who work from home through the Internet. Besides these new ____32____ patterns, leisure lifestyles are also changing. The biggest ____33____ in car use in the US is among people under 35. The number of American 17-year-olds with a driver’s licence has fallen from about three-quarters to about half since 1998. Twenty-somethings have recently gone from driving more than the average to driving less. Social scientists detect a new ‘culture of urbanisms’. The stylish way to live these days is in inner-city apartments, not the ____34____. Richard Florida, an urban studies theorist at the University of Toronto in Canada, points out that the young shop online, telecommute, live in walkable city neighbourhoods near public transport and rely more on social media and less on face-to-face visiting. Given those changes, they can think of better ways to spend their money than buying a(n) ____35____. 21. A. amazing B. impossible C. emerging D. realistic 22. A. admitting B. discovering C. causing D. breaking 23. A. side B. peak C. love D. road 24. A. give rise to B. lose interest in C. take notice of D. keep pace with 25. A. recognized B. underestimated C. neglected D. overrated 26. A. missed B. common C. tipping D. focal 27. A. suffers B. occurs C. pauses D. continues 28. A. into a state B. onto the street C. off the road D. off a phenomenon 29. A. dumb B. individual C. wise D. efficient 30. A. tendency B. explanation C. condition D. alternative 31. A. obstacle B. accident C. defense D. evidence 32. A. thought B. behaviour C. progression D. employment 33. A. fall B. growth C. difference D. problem 34. A. downtown B. houses C. suburbs D. campus 35. A. car B. computer C. apartment D. phone 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了西方国家民众对汽车的喜爱正在消退，汽车保有量、人均驾车出行里程相继达到峰值后开始下降，文章分析了燃油、保险、城市拥堵、人口结构以及年轻人生活方式转变等多方面原因。 【21题详解】 考查形容词。句意：对环保人士来说，这似乎是一个不可能的梦想，但它正在发生。A. amazing令人惊奇的；B. impossible不可能的；C. emerging新兴的；D. realistic现实的。根据下文“but it is happening”可知，前后构成转折，说明这件原本看似不可能的事正在发生。 【22题详解】 考查动词。句意：虽然有年幼孩子的家庭可能还会继续开车，但人口老龄化加上年轻人当中的新观念，似乎正在打破我们二十世纪对汽车的依赖。A. admitting承认；B. discovering发现；C. causing导致；D. breaking打破。根据上文“While those with young families may carry on using four wheels, a combination of our ageing societies and a new attitude among the young”可知，while表达让步、转折关系，故此处指虽然有年幼孩子的家庭可能还会继续开车，但是这种趋势打破了人们对汽车的依赖。 【23题详解】 考查名词。句意：这个峰值体现在好几个方面。A. side方面；B. peak峰值；C. love喜爱；D. road道路。根据上文“we reached the high point of the car”可知，这里指汽车使用的峰值。 【24题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：不过，我们不必过度关注这一点。A. give rise to引起；B. lose interest in失去兴趣；C. take notice of注意，留意；D. keep pace with跟上。根据下文“Cars last longer these days, and sales go up and down with the economy”可知，汽车销量减半有客观因素，不必过度关注这个现象。 【25题详解】 考查动词。句意：这一现象最先在华盛顿布鲁金斯学会2008年的一份报告《少有人走的路》中被识别出来，但是多年来它一直很少被人注意。A. recognized识别，意识到；B. underestimated低估；C. neglected忽视；D. overrated高估。根据下文“a 2008 report by the Brookings Institution in Washington DC, but had been going on largely unnoticed for years”可知，这份报告最先识别出该现象。 【26题详解】 考查形容词。句意：西方在2004年到达它的临界点。A. missed错过的；B. common普通的；C. tipping倾斜的；D. focal焦点的。根据下文“That year the US, UK, Germany, France, Australia and Sweden all saw the start of a decline in the number of kilometres an average person travelled in a car(那一年，美国、英国、德国、法国、澳大利亚和瑞典都出现了人均汽车出行公里数下降的趋势)”可知，此处指转折点，tipping point为固定搭配，译为临界点、转折点。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：就在那一年，美国、英国、德国、法国、澳大利亚和瑞典都开始出现人均驾车行驶公里数下降的情况，这种情况一直持续到今天。A. suffers遭受；B. occurs发生；C. pauses暂停；D. continues持续。根据语境和下文“today”可知，下降趋势从2004年开始一直延续至今。 【28题详解】 考查短语。句意：是什么让我们离开公路（不再开车）？A. into a state进入一种状态；B. onto the street到街上；C. off the road离开道路；D. off a phenomenon脱离一种现象。根据上文“the start of a decline in the number of kilometres an average person travelled in a car”可知，此处指人们减少驾车，不再开车上路。 【29题详解】 考查形容词。句意：城市拥堵、停车位不足加上拥堵收费，让越来越多人觉得，在有公共交通可选的城市里，开车出行是一种不明智的方式。A. dumb愚蠢的，不明智的；B. individual个人的；C. wise明智的；D. efficient高效的。根据上文“And urban congestion, combined with an absence of parking places and congestion charging”可知，在一系列不利条件以及有公共交通替代的情况下，开车不再是好选择。 【30题详解】 考查名词。句意：人口统计数据是另一种可能的解释。A. tendency趋势；B. explanation解释；C. condition条件；D. alternative可供选择的事物。根据上文“What could be driving us ? Fuel costs and rising insurance premiums (保险费) may be a factor”可知，前文在分析人们减少开车的原因，本句表示人口因素是另外一个原因。 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意：“汽车峰值”最先出现在日本绝非偶然，日本拥有世界上老龄化最严重的人口。A. obstacle障碍；B. accident意外；C. defense防御；D. evidence证据。根据下文“which has the world’s oldest population”可知，该现象率先发生在日本不是巧合，It is no accident that...是固定句型，表示……绝非偶然。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：除了这些新的就业模式之外，休闲生活方式也在改变。A. thought想法；B. behaviour行为；C. progression进展；D. employment就业。根据上文“There is also the rise of “virtual commuters” who work from home through the Internet”可知，居家办公属于就业模式。 【33题详解】 考查名词。句意：美国汽车使用量最大幅度的下降出现在35岁以下人群中。A. fall下降；B. growth增长；C. difference差异；D. problem问题。根据下文“The number of American 17-year-olds with a driver’s licence has fallen from about three-quarters to about half since 1998”可知，年轻人驾照持有比例下降，对应汽车使用量下降。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：如今时髦的生活方式是住在市中心公寓，而不是郊区。A. downtown市中心；B. houses房子；C. suburbs郊区；D. campus校园。根据上文“The stylish way to live these days is in inner-city apartments”可知，和市中心公寓形成对比的是郊区。 【35题详解】 考查名词。句意：考虑到这些变化，他们能想到比买车更好的花钱方式。A. car汽车；B. computer电脑；C. apartment公寓；D. phone手机。根据上文“the young shop online, telecommute, live in walkable city neighbourhoods near public transport and rely more on social media and less on face-to-face visiting”可知，整篇文章围绕年轻人不再热衷买车开车展开。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Doug Allan films wild animals in cold places. His perfect temperature, he says, is -18°C. Allan trained as a marine biologist and commercial diver. Diving was his first passion, where he learned about survival in cold places. His big break came when a TV crew turned up in Antarctica, where Allan was working, to film a wildlife documentary. ‘I ended up taking the crew to different places, and after 48 hours I realised that being a wildlife cameraman had all the things I love: travel, adventure, underwater.’ He is now a top cameraman and has worked on many major TV wildlife series. ‘My value is field experience in cold conditions. I have a feel for it. I have spent so much time on sea ice it now feels like crossing the street. I do get cold toes but the poles are healthy places. There are no diseases or mosquitoes.’ Wildlife filming, Allan says, is full of great successes, but also failures and embarrassments. Once, he was in the Orkneys to film kittiwakes. Unfortunately he could not identify which birds they were. When Allan recently got permission to film sequences (一组镜头) for a major TV series in Kong Karls Land, a group of islands in the Arctic Ocean, he did not expect an easy assignment. It is a world of polar bears and is strictly off limits to all but the most fearless or foolish. Usually -32°C in April, the wind is strong and keeping cameras in the deep snow is a nightmare. After walking five or more hours a day and watching polar bear dens (巢穴) in the snow slopes for 23 days, however, Allan had seen just one mother bear and her baby. By day 24, though, he says, he was living in bear world, at bear speed, with bear senses. ‘We find a new hole and wait. We try every means to stay warm. Five hours of watching and then with no warning at all I catch a glimpse (瞥见) so brief that I almost miss it. But the camera’s locked on the hole on full zoom and my eye’s very quickly on the viewfinder. Nothing for a couple of seconds and then an unmistakable black nose. Nose grows bigger to become full head and in less than a minute she has her front legs out and is resting on the snow in front of the hole. She’s looking at me but she’s not bothered. I’ve just taken a close-up, thinking this can’t get much better... when she sets off on a long slide down the slope. I’d swear it’s partly in sheer pleasure,’ he recalls, adding that two baby bears then appeared at the den entrances. ‘Clearly it’s their first view of the world... It’s show time on the slopes and we have front-row seats.’ 36. What do we learn about Allan in the first paragraph? A. He trained as a diver in order to become a wildlife cameraman. B. Becoming a cameraman suited the interests he already had. C. Finding work as a cameraman allowed him to remain in Antarctica. D. He was given the chance to work as a cameraman by a TV crew he met. 37. Why does Allan compare spending time on sea ice to crossing the street? A. It is an ordinary occurrence for him. B. He thinks it presents a similar level of danger. C. He has learnt to approach it in the same way. D. It requires skills that can be used in winter conditions. 38. When Allan had been on Kong Karls Land for a while, he began to ________. A. be more hopeful that one bear would lead him to others B. feel a deep understanding of how polar bears lived C. get used to the terrible conditions for filming D. stop worrying about the dangers he was facing 39. What feeling does Allan describe in the last paragraph? A. Panic when he nearly fails to film a fantastic sequence. B. Concern that he has disturbed an adult female with her young. C. Amazement at being lucky enough to capture some great shots. D. Delight at being able to move around after waiting quietly for ages. 【答案】36. B 37. A 38. B 39. C 【解析】 【导语】​本文讲述了野生动物摄影师Doug Allan常年在寒冷地区拍摄野生动物，介绍了他的从业经历、在极地的拍摄感受以及一次在北冰洋岛屿上成功拍到北极熊出洞的难忘经历。​ 【36题详解】 ​细节理解题。根据第一段“I ended up taking the crew to different places, and after 48 hours I realised that being a wildlife cameraman had all the things I love: travel, adventure, underwater.(最后我带着摄制组去往不同地方，48小时后我意识到，野生动物摄影师这份工作包含了我热爱的一切：旅行、冒险、水下探索。)”可知，成为摄影师契合他原本就拥有的爱好。​ 【37题详解】 ​细节理解题。根据第二段“I have spent so much time on sea ice it now feels like crossing the street.(我在海冰上待了太久，现在走在上面就像过马路一样。)”可知，对他来说在海冰上活动已经是一件平常的事。​ 【38题详解】 ​细节理解题。根据第四段“By day 24, though, he says, he was living in bear world, at bear speed, with bear senses.(不过到第24天，他说，他融入了北极熊的世界，跟上北极熊的节奏，拥有了感知北极熊的敏锐度。)”可知，一段时间之后，他开始深入理解北极熊的生存方式。​ 【39题详解】 ​推理判断题。根据最后一段“I’ve just taken a close-up, thinking this can’t get much better... ‘Clearly it’s their first view of the world... It’s show time on the slopes and we have front-row seats.’(我刚拍完特写，心想画面已经再好不过了……显然这是小熊第一次看见这个世界……山坡上的精彩时刻开始了，我们坐拥前排绝佳机位。)” 可知，他为自己有幸捕捉到精彩镜头而惊叹。 (B) Jackson & Brown Ltd Head Office, Bradford House 234 Manningham Road Bolton BL3 5QS t: 01204 249241 f: 01204 790061 1 June 2020 Dear Colleague, Re: ___60___ I am writing to make you aware of some forthcoming changes to the payment dates for your salary. During the past few weeks, we have been discussing with your trade union representatives our intention to change the frequency of the payment of your salary from monthly to every four weeks. The reason for this change is to enable us to improve the efficiency of the payroll system and to make it easier for you to understand what you have been paid. On Thursday 30 August, you will be paid your monthly basic pay up to and including 31 August. The last Thursday in the month is the normal monthly pay day. On 13 September you will be paid basic pay up to and including 14 September. You will then be paid again 4 weeks later on 11 October, for time up to 12 October. The timetable of 4-weekly payments for the remainder of the financial year is listed below: 8 November 31 January 6 December 28 February 3 January 2021 28 March I understand that the transfer to a four-weekly pay cycle may cause some of you disruption to your monthly pay routines, for example mortgage (按揭) or rent repayments. In recognition of this initial disturbance and to assist you through this time, we are offering a loan facility for a maximum of three weeks’ wages (net pay), for those who may find it difficult to budget for this change. I have enclosed a form detailing this loan. Please ensure you complete and return the form by 30 June if you wish to take advantage of this offer. If you choose to use the loan facility, this will be paid on 13 September. Of course, should you wish to discuss the contents of this letter, your line manager will have further information. If you still have any concerns or you have a personal query you wish to discuss, then from 13 June until 1 July you can call the following number: 01204 249259. I hope that this letter clarifies the changes for you and would like to take this opportunity to thank you for your continued hard work. Yours sincerely, Signature 40. Which of the following best fits the blank labelled with “60” in the paragraph? A. Notice of pay rise B. Changes to pay cycle C. Information of pay D. Cancellation of payslips 41. According to the e-mail, which of the following statements is true? A. The company’s financial year ends every March. B. It’s not easy to understand the new payment system. C. The system of 4-weekly payments is thought inefficient. D. Employees will be paid on the last Thursday of the month. 42. Which of the following statements is true of the loan facility? A. Employees can apply through the hotline available until 1 July. B. Everyone can apply for a loan that equals four week’s wages. C. The applicants will receive the loan every month. D. The deadline for the application is 30 June. 【答案】40. B 41. A 42. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要是关于改变员工支付周期的情况告知。 【40题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“I am writing to make you aware of some forthcoming changes to the payment dates for your salary. During the past few weeks, we have been discussing with your trade union representatives our intention to change the frequency of the payment of your salary from monthly to every four weeks.(特此通知大家，薪资发放日期即将做出调整。过去几周，公司已与工会代表沟通，计划将薪资发放周期由按月发放改为每四周发放一次。)”可知，这封信的主要内容是关于工资支付周期的变更，60处的横线上应填入“Changes to pay cycle(支付周期的变更)”。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The timetable of 4-weekly payments for the remainder of the financial year is listed below(本财年剩余时段的四周一次发薪时间表如下)”及表格可知，公司的财政年度在每年三月结束。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“Please ensure you complete and return the form by 30 June if you wish to take advantage of this offer.(如果你想享受该福利，请务必在 6 月 30 日前填好并交回表格。)”可知，关于贷款安排，申请的截止日期是6月30日。 (C) Science changes as it makes its way on to television, just as it does as it travels to newspapers, magazines, books, exams and through the various media of the scientific community. People who take a dim view of media professors need to get over themselves and stop assuming the difference between professional and popular science on a frame that places the former on top. Popularisation doesn’t make knowledge something less than it was. Done well, it isn’t the opposite of research; it’s lifeblood. Still, there are problems with many traditional approaches to the way we share science. There is a history of snobbishness (势利) against scientists who talk to the public, but equally silly is a snobbishness against presenters who aren’t actually scientists. These days the serious TV channels favour professional scientists to present, even if they rarely write the script and often talk about something outside their area of expertise (专业领域). I especially worry that science is often presented as something to be simply consumed by the public. Retelling science for explanatory or entertainment purposes might give us a great picture of what the scientific idea looks like, but often removes a lot about how the scientists got to these conclusions, meaning it’s harder to review or get involved with. I’d like to see an attempt to share the means of production of science, not just sell its products. The interviews with working scientists on a current radio series bring out the texture of science, a sense of what drives scientists, the frustrations, boredom, adventure and accidents their work can include. But this is still a matter of telling a story rather than involving audiences. That’s not to say I’m against storytelling science, just that we have to be aware of the narrative forces in play. Some time ago there was a lot of complaints about a nature documentary filming polar bears in a wildlife centre rather than in the wild, as appeared to be the case. But this is routine, just as we routinely leave out bits of science to tell interesting, exciting and useful stories. We’d get lost otherwise. Televisual science is always a construction, and it’s often worth deconstructing and arguing over how we choose to do this. But it can be a meaningful and necessary construction too, just as a scientific paper is a meaningful construction we might argue over. I don’t mind the odd bit of showmanship around science. Nor do I mind shows that just invite audiences to passively watch or listen — as long as we have more critical and interactive projects too. We might be in a golden age of science television but we shouldn’t stop asking questions about it. We need to be imaginative about what science is, who it talks to and how it might be better not simply find ever more ways. 43. What point is the writer making in the first paragraph? A. Science can benefit from becoming more popular. B. Popular science is inferior to professional science. C. Scientific communities report on science without altering it. D. The quality of research is being harmed by popular science. 44. The writer believes that the public are frequently being denied ________. A. the opportunity to enjoy programmes about science B. information about the results of scientific research C. the experience of hearing scientists talk about their work D. an understanding of how the scientific process works 45. The writer mentions the programme about polar bears to show that ________. A. scientists often find it impossible to agree with one another B. the makers of science documentaries are often untrustworthy C. in science it is impossible to report every detail of the story D. documentaries cannot show the scientific process realistically 46. What does the writer call for in the last paragraph? A. An end to the disapproval of science in television programmes. B. A more balanced approach when covering science on television. C. Greater public awareness of the current nature of science. D. Television quiz shows that focus exclusively on science. 【答案】43. A 44. D 45. C 46. B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要探讨了科学通过电视等媒体向公众传播的方式及其存在的问题。作者认为科学普及并不会降低知识的价值，做得好的话它是研究的生命线，但也指出了当前科学传播中存在的诸多不足，并呼吁采用更平衡、更具批判性的方式来呈现科学。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“People who take a dim view of media professors need to get over themselves and stop assuming the difference between professional and popular science on a frame that places the former on top. Popularisation doesn't make knowledge something less than it was. Done well, it isn't the opposite of research; it's lifeblood. (那些对媒体教授持否定态度的人应当收起自命不凡的心态，不要再秉持“专业科学优于大众科学”的框架来界定二者的差异科普并不会使知识贬值。做得好的话，它并非研究的对立面，而是其生命线。)”可知，作者认为科学可以从变得更加大众化中获益。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Retelling science for explanatory or entertainment purposes might give us a great picture of what the scientific idea looks like, but often removes a lot about how the scientists got to these conclusions, meaning it’s harder to review or get involved with.  (为了说明或娱乐目的而重新讲述科学内容，或许能让我们清晰地了解科学观点的面貌，但往往忽略了科学家是如何得出这些结论的，因此更难进行审查或参与其中。)”可知，作者认为公众经常被剥夺了理解科学研究过程如何运作的机会。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Some time ago there was a lot of complaints about a nature documentary filming polar bears in a wildlife centre rather than in the wild, as appeared to be the case. But this is routine, just as we routinely leave out bits of science to tell interesting, exciting and useful stories. We'd get lost otherwise. (不久前，有一部自然纪录片遭到大量投诉，原因是它并未像影片呈现的那样在野外拍摄北极熊，拍摄实际是在野生动物中心完成的。但这是常规做法，正如我们常规性地省略部分科学内容来讲述有趣、刺激且有用的故事。否则我们会迷失方向。)”可知，作者提到北极熊节目是为了说明在科学传播中不可能报道故事的每一个细节。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I don't mind the odd bit of showmanship around science. Nor do I mind shows that just invite audiences to passively watch or listen — as long as we have more critical and interactive projects too. (我不介意科学节目中偶尔有些表演成分，也不介意那些只是邀请观众被动观看或聆听的节目——只要我们同时也有更多批判性和互动性的项目。)”以及“We need to be imaginative about what science is, who it talks to and how it might be better not simply find ever more ways. (我们需要有想象力地思考科学的本质、它所面向的对象，以及如何让它变得更好，而不仅仅是寻找更多的(传播）途径)。”可知，作者呼吁在电视上报道科学时采取更平衡的方法。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Day When I Gave Up Smoking I thought everyone would be pleased, but one of my colleagues was absolutely angry, “What do you mean? If it was that easy, why didn’t you stop years ago?” ____47____ I find it curious myself. The stop-smoking session (阶段) took place exactly two months and three weeks ago. I had not intended to stop and I did not even particularly want to. For one thing, I wholly hated the pressure from the anti-smoking fighter—and I still do. For another, I had low blood pressure and a long-living and healthy family. I did not cough or feel unwell and threw off colds more easily, it seemed to me, than friends with consciously healthier lifestyles. On that unexceptional Thursday afternoon, I had simply gone along to the Birmingham session of The East Way to Stop Smoking to write an article about other people trying to give up. ‘I shan’t be trying to stop myself. It wouldn’t be fair,’ I announced firmly. ____48____ I could not have been more reasonable. After all, I positively enjoyed smoking. It gave me real pleasure. I thought the counsellor (顾问) looked at me rather knowingly. We were encouraged to smoke as much as we wished and most of the afternoon was conducted in a room so smoke-filled that we had to open the windows. I noticed with interest that when I was told to smoke I was reluctant to do so — and so were the others. ____49____ Just as smoking itself had become a challenge in the face of opposition, so the concept of stopping began to feel attractive. The possibility of not being a smoker was beginning to make me feel powerful. It was a secret feeling that had nothing to do with anyone except myself. Now I do miss my cigarettes, but not too much. ____50____ All are key moments in which I would have previously smoked cigarettes. A. Each ‘new’ experience as a non-smoker has to be addressed — eating out, waiting for an aero-plane, a theatre interval. B. My work, which I thought would be the most difficult to accomplish without cigarettes, did not cause a single problem. C. I suppose my inability to explain how one afternoon I had been a heavy smoker, and four hours later I was not, was faintly annoying. D. Since my motivation for being here is writing, not stopping, it would not be right to expect your method to work on me. E. Having a cigarette was an activity in itself. F. I suppose what happened was that the stop-smoking messages made intellectual sense. 【答案】47. C 48. D 49. F 50. A 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述作者一次偶然的戒烟经历，原本只是去戒烟活动现场写文章，没有打算戒烟，最后却在短短几个小时内成功戒烟以及戒烟之后的感受。 【47题详解】 上文“What do you mean? If it was that easy, why didn’t you stop years ago?(你什么意思？要是那么容易，你几年前为什么不戒？)”说明同事对作者突然戒烟这件事感到不解和生气，下文“I find it curious myself.(我自己也觉得很奇怪。)”说明作者自己也难以解释这件事。选项C“我想，我没法解释为什么一个下午我还是老烟民，四个小时之后就不再抽烟了，这多少让人恼火。”承接同事的质疑，引出作者自己也觉得这件事难以说清。 【48题详解】 上文“I shan’t be trying to stop myself. It wouldn’t be fair(我自己不会尝试戒烟。这不公平)”说明作者表明自己来这里的目的不是戒烟，下文“I could not have been more reasonable.(我说得再合情合理不过了。)”说明作者认为自己的理由很充分。选项D“既然我来这儿的目的是写作，不是戒烟，指望你们的方法对我起作用是不合适的。”承接前文作者的表态，解释自己不戒烟的理由。 【49题详解】 上文“I noticed with interest that when I was told to smoke I was reluctant to do so — and so were the others.(我饶有兴致地注意到，当要求我们抽烟的时候，我不太想抽，其他人也是如此。)”说明大家被要求抽烟时反而不情愿，下文“Just as smoking itself had become a challenge in the face of opposition, so the concept of stopping began to feel attractive.(正如抽烟这件事本身在反对声中成了一种挑战，戒烟这个想法开始变得有吸引力。)”讲戒烟的概念开始变得有吸引力，F项“我想事情是这样的：那些戒烟的宣传道理上说得通”衔接前后，解释了作者心态转变的原因。 【50题详解】 下文“All are key moments in which I would have previously smoked cigarettes.(这些全都是我以前会抽烟的关键时刻。)”说明横线处要列举多个不同场景。选项A“每一个身为非吸烟者的全新体验都需要适应 —— 外出就餐、等飞机、剧院中场休息。”列举了多个场景，和下文的All对应，衔接自然。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Terracotta Army The Terracotta Army is one of China’s most famous cultural treasures. Discovered by farmers digging a well in 1974, the huge underground army was built for Qin Shi Huang, China’s first emperor. Thousands of life-sized clay soldiers and horses were buried near his tomb to protect him in the after-life. Each clay soldier has a different face. No two are exactly alike. Ancient craftsmen made each figure with separate parts: head, body, arms and legs. They assembled them and added unique facial features. Experts believe thousands of different real-life soldiers served as models. The army gives us valuable information about life more than 2,200 years ago. The clothing and hairstyles show social positions. The weapons found nearby tell us about ancient Chinese military technology. Even the layout of the pits shows how ancient armies were organised. Many mysteries remain. The main tomb of Qin Shi Huang has not yet been opened. According to ancient records, the tomb contains precious treasures and complex defensive traps. Scientists use modern scanning tools to study the tomb without digging into it. They hope one day to learn more secrets hidden underground. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Discovered in 1974, the Terracotta Army is an underground army of life-sized clay soldiers and horses built for China's first emperor to protect him in the afterlife. Each soldier has unique facial features and serves as valuable evidence of ancient Chinese military tactics and social structures. Many underground mysteries, like precious treasures and complex traps, remain for scientists to explore. 【解析】 【导语】​本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍兵马俑的发现、建造目的和人像特点，阐明它极高的史料价值，同时提及秦始皇主墓仍未发掘，科学家利用现代设备探索其中谜团。​ 【详解】1. ​要点摘录​ ①Discovered by farmers digging a well in 1974, the huge underground army was built for Qin Shi Huang, China's first emperor. Thousands of life-sized clay soldiers and horses were buried near his tomb to protect him in the after-life. Each clay soldier has a different face.​ ②The army gives us valuable information about life more than 2,200 years ago. The clothing and hairstyles show social positions. The weapons found nearby tell us about ancient Chinese military technology. Even the layout of the pits shows how ancient armies were organised.​ ③Many mysteries remain. The main tomb of Qin Shi Huang has not yet been opened. Scientists use modern scanning tools to study the tomb without digging into it. They hope one day to learn more secrets hidden underground.​ 2. 缜密构思​ 将要点①整合为兵马俑1974年被发现，为秦始皇修建，陶俑面容各不相同；要点②归纳为它为研究古代社会等级、军事技术与军队排布提供珍贵资料；要点③梳理出秦始皇主墓尚存诸多谜团，科学家借助现代扫描技术开展研究，整体按照“基本概况—历史价值—后续探索”的逻辑重组信息。​ 3. 遣词造句​ Discovered in 1974, the Terracotta Army was constructed for Qin Shi Huang and all clay soldiers look different. It helps people learn about ancient social status, military technology and army organisation. Scientists use modern scanning tools to explore the unopened tomb full of mysteries.​ 【点睛】​[高分句型1]Discovered in 1974, the Terracotta Army is an underground army of life-sized clay soldiers and horses built for China's first emperor to protect him in the afterlife.运用过去分词作状语，开篇交代兵马俑的发现时间与建造背景。​ [高分句型2] Many underground mysteries, like precious treasures and complex traps, remain for scientists to explore.运用介词短语like precious treasures and complex traps作定语进行举例说明。 IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 他脾气不太好，我可不敢得罪他。（afford）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】He has a bad temper, so I can’t afford to offend him. 【解析】 【详解】“脾气不太好”翻译为固定短语have a bad temper，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语he是单数，助动词用has，“不敢”翻译为固定短语can’t afford to do sth.，“得罪他”翻译为offend him，用so连接两个并列句子，前后句子是因果关系。 53. 这位工程师只要听一下就能判断发动机出了什么问题。（diagnose）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The engineer can diagnose an engine problem just by listening. 【解析】 【详解】“这位工程师”翻译为the engineer，“能判断”翻译为can diagnose，“发动机出了什么问题”用名词性短语an engine problem作宾语，“只要听一下”翻译为just by listening。 54. 如果你的书架是开放的，不妨花几天把书架上的书重新摆放一下。(better)（汉译英） 【答案】If your bookshelves are open, you’d better spend a few days rearranging the books on them. 【解析】 【详解】“如果”用if引导条件状语从句，“你的书架是开放的”用一般现在时，翻译为your bookshelves are open，“不妨”翻译为you’d better do sth.，“花几天做某事”翻译为spend a few days doing sth.，“重新摆放一下”用动名词作宾语，翻译为rearranging the books on them。 55. 当你把这些花放进花瓶的时候，你会很失望地发现它们有点乏味，但是随着时间的推移，它们一定会给你带来惊喜。（sure） （汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When you put the flowers into the vase, you may be disappointed to find that they are boring, but they are sure to give you a surprise as time goes on. 【解析】 【详解】“当……的时候”用when，引导时间状语从句，“你把这些花放进花瓶”用一般现在时，翻译为you put the flowers into the vase。主句中：“你会”翻译为you may，“很失望地做某事”翻译为be disappointed to do sth.，“发现它们有点乏味”翻译为find that they are boring，that引导的是宾语从句，“但是”翻译为but，“随着时间的推移”翻译为as time goes on，“它们一定会给你带来惊喜”翻译为they are sure to give you a surprise。 V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近你校计划将露天网球场改造为停车场，以满足学校教工停车的需求，但学校师生对这一计划褒贬不一。为了更好地帮助校方做出决策，学生会调研了师生对该网球场的使用情况，结果如下图所示。结合这一调研结果，写一封信给校方，内容须包括：1) 你是否赞同这一改造计划；2) 结合调研结果说明你的理由。 图表数据：Never 22%; Daily 26%; At least once a week 52% ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear School Administration, I am writing to express my firm opposition to the proposal of converting the open-air tennis courts into a parking lot. According to the survey conducted by the Student Union, 78% of students use the tennis courts regularly. Specifically, 52% use them at least once a week, and 26% utilize them daily. This data clearly demonstrates that the courts are an integral and highly valued part of our campus life. Only 22% of respondents stated that they never use the facilities. Even so, eliminating such a crucial sports venue would undoubtedly undermine the overall health and vitality of the student body. Physical fitness is essential for academic success, and we should not sacrifice it for a parking lot. Therefore, I strongly urge the school to seek alternative locations for the parking lot. Preserving our sports facilities is paramount for maintaining a dynamic and healthy campus environment. Yours, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以高三学生李明的身份，就学校计划将露天网球场改造为停车场一事给校方写一封信，表达自己的观点并结合调研数据说明理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 改造：convert → transform 定期地：regularly → on a regular basis 重要的：integral → vital 替代的： alternative → optional 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Even so, eliminating such a crucial sports venue would undoubtedly undermine the overall health and vitality of the student body. 拓展句：If such a crucial sports venue were eliminated, it would undoubtedly damage the overall health and vitality of the student body. 【点睛】【高分句型1】According to the survey conducted by the Student Union, 78% of students use the tennis courts regularly.(运用了过去分词短语作后置定语) 【高分句型2】 This data clearly demonstrates that the courts are an integral and highly valued part of our campus life.(运用了that连接的宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2025学年第二学期 高二年级英语学科4月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Never Skip Sleep Stress, scientists also know, can speed up aging, and a body that’s not sleeping enough looks similar to one that’s stressed out — it’s highly reactive to threats, even when those threats don’t have any real risk. Biologically speaking, there’s virtually no difference in the way a body reacts to a noise in the middle of the night or a stressful work deadline: in ____1____ of the cases, fight-or-flight mode is triggered (触发), blood pressure rises, breathing gets shallow, and the heart starts to race. That’s what happens to a body on no sleep too. Those stress reactions can be useful, of course: they enable you ____2____ (respond) more readily to an actual physical threat. But that’s not usually what ____3____ (go) on. And staying in an alert mode can trigger a number of unhealthy conditions, the most damaging of ____4____ is inflammation (发炎). Inflammation is the body’s natural defense system ____5____ injury or invading microbes like bacteria and viruses. But inflammation can also become long-term, and that’s when the real trouble starts. Long-term inflammation, doctors now know, is a(n) ____6____ (lead) driver of many diseases, and one of the main drivers of long-term inflammation is, of course, not sleeping enough. Getting a decent night’s sleep, then, is good advice for all of us. Americans spent a(n) ____7____ (estimate) $41 billion on sleeping pills and other sleep aids in 2015; ____8____ much we may boast about our diligence, we know that we need sleep, even if we don’t always know why. But scientists do. That’s ____9____ experts are insisting, with increasing frequency and noise, that sleep be a priority — as important or more than what you eat and how much you exercise. We wouldn’t dream of skipping meals on a regular basis, so why _____10_____ (skip) sleep? Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. approached B. characters C. corners D. costly E. defense F. dying G. explanation H. magnified I. potential J. storing K. tasteful Temples of print Letterpress printing (活版印刷) hung on longer in poorer countries than in Britain, but now its near extinction is global. Thousands of tonnes of metal type must have been melted down. But some has been bought up by collectors like Ahmad Matar, a Saudi Arabian artist. His biggest collection was from an Armenian library in Cairo, but he says that Beirut may have the greatest ____11____ for it was the centre of the Arabic printing industry. “There is an Arabic saying,” he says from his studio in Jeddah. “Cairo writes. Beirut prints. Baghdad reads.” The most enthusiastic conservators (文物保护者) are former printers. The employees of ____12____ industries often feel a powerful feeling for the machines with which they have spent their lives. The feeling is perhaps ____13____ among those whose business was spreading human culture. When Izumi Munemura was looking for material for the Printing Museum he opened in Tokyo in 2000 he was ____14____ by former employees of Toppan, a printing company, which had largely stopped using letterpress by 1985. They had been ____15____ some of the company’s hot-metal type. “They opened the door to the warehouse and said, ‘Here you go: we have been waiting for this moment.” Not all the old fonts and machines were given to museums or melted down. In a few ____16____ of the world, such as Kazui Press in Tokyo, they continue to operate. Kazui was run by Juzo Takaoka from 1956 until his son, Masao, took over in 1995. The younger Mr Takaoka still runs the firm. Letterpress is a far more difficult business in Japanese than in English; it takes 3,000-4,000 ____17____ to print a book or newspaper. It is also ____18____: Kazui business cards are $185 per hundred. But Mr Takaoka still has plenty of customers. In ____19____ he points to a grey china cup into which he has poured tea. “You can serve or drink tea in a plastic or paper cup. The process would be the same: you bring the cup to your mouth and you drink tea. But it’s more _____20_____ to drink from a china cup, no?” II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Is the west falling out of love with the car? For environmentalists it seems a(n) ____21____ dream, but it is happening. While those with young families may carry on using four wheels, a combination of our ageing societies and a new attitude among the young seems to be ____22____ our 20th-century car addiction. Somewhere along the road, we reached the high point of the car and are now moving down the other side. That ____23____ takes several forms. Sales of new cars have almost halved in the US, down from nearly 11 million in 1985 to about 5.5 million now. We shouldn’t ____24____ that to a great degree, though. Cars last longer these days, and sales go up and down with the economy. But we have hit peak car ownership, too. And, more to the point, peak per-capita travel (人均出行). The phenomenon was first ____25____ in The Road...Less Traveled, a 2008 report by the Brookings Institution in Washington DC, but had been going on largely unnoticed for years. Japan reached it in the 1990s. They talk there of “demotorisation”. The west had its ____26____ point in 2004. That year the US, UK, Germany, France, Australia and Sweden all saw the start of a decline in the number of kilometres an average person travelled in a car that ____27____ today. What could be driving us ____28____? Fuel costs and rising insurance premiums (保险费) may be a factor. And urban congestion, combined with an absence of parking places and congestion charging, makes an increasing number of us look on the car as a(n) ____29____ way to move around in cities where there are public transport alternatives. Demographics (人口统计数据) are another possible ____30____. It is surely no ____31____ that ‘peak car’ happened first in Japan, which has the world’s oldest population. Pensioners do not drive to work, and many don’t drive at all. There is also the rise of “virtual commuters” who work from home through the Internet. Besides these new ____32____ patterns, leisure lifestyles are also changing. The biggest ____33____ in car use in the US is among people under 35. The number of American 17-year-olds with a driver’s licence has fallen from about three-quarters to about half since 1998. Twenty-somethings have recently gone from driving more than the average to driving less. Social scientists detect a new ‘culture of urbanisms’. The stylish way to live these days is in inner-city apartments, not the ____34____. Richard Florida, an urban studies theorist at the University of Toronto in Canada, points out that the young shop online, telecommute, live in walkable city neighbourhoods near public transport and rely more on social media and less on face-to-face visiting. Given those changes, they can think of better ways to spend their money than buying a(n) ____35____. 21. A. amazing B. impossible C. emerging D. realistic 22. A. admitting B. discovering C. causing D. breaking 23. A. side B. peak C. love D. road 24. A. give rise to B. lose interest in C. take notice of D. keep pace with 25. A. recognized B. underestimated C. neglected D. overrated 26. A. missed B. common C. tipping D. focal 27. A. suffers B. occurs C. pauses D. continues 28. A. into a state B. onto the street C. off the road D. off a phenomenon 29. A. dumb B. individual C. wise D. efficient 30. A. tendency B. explanation C. condition D. alternative 31. A. obstacle B. accident C. defense D. evidence 32. A. thought B. behaviour C. progression D. employment 33. A. fall B. growth C. difference D. problem 34. A. downtown B. houses C. suburbs D. campus 35. A. car B. computer C. apartment D. phone Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Doug Allan films wild animals in cold places. His perfect temperature, he says, is -18°C. Allan trained as a marine biologist and commercial diver. Diving was his first passion, where he learned about survival in cold places. His big break came when a TV crew turned up in Antarctica, where Allan was working, to film a wildlife documentary. ‘I ended up taking the crew to different places, and after 48 hours I realised that being a wildlife cameraman had all the things I love: travel, adventure, underwater.’ He is now a top cameraman and has worked on many major TV wildlife series. ‘My value is field experience in cold conditions. I have a feel for it. I have spent so much time on sea ice it now feels like crossing the street. I do get cold toes but the poles are healthy places. There are no diseases or mosquitoes.’ Wildlife filming, Allan says, is full of great successes, but also failures and embarrassments. Once, he was in the Orkneys to film kittiwakes. Unfortunately he could not identify which birds they were. When Allan recently got permission to film sequences (一组镜头) for a major TV series in Kong Karls Land, a group of islands in the Arctic Ocean, he did not expect an easy assignment. It is a world of polar bears and is strictly off limits to all but the most fearless or foolish. Usually -32°C in April, the wind is strong and keeping cameras in the deep snow is a nightmare. After walking five or more hours a day and watching polar bear dens (巢穴) in the snow slopes for 23 days, however, Allan had seen just one mother bear and her baby. By day 24, though, he says, he was living in bear world, at bear speed, with bear senses. ‘We find a new hole and wait. We try every means to stay warm. Five hours of watching and then with no warning at all I catch a glimpse (瞥见) so brief that I almost miss it. But the camera’s locked on the hole on full zoom and my eye’s very quickly on the viewfinder. Nothing for a couple of seconds and then an unmistakable black nose. Nose grows bigger to become full head and in less than a minute she has her front legs out and is resting on the snow in front of the hole. She’s looking at me but she’s not bothered. I’ve just taken a close-up, thinking this can’t get much better... when she sets off on a long slide down the slope. I’d swear it’s partly in sheer pleasure,’ he recalls, adding that two baby bears then appeared at the den entrances. ‘Clearly it’s their first view of the world... It’s show time on the slopes and we have front-row seats.’ 36. What do we learn about Allan in the first paragraph? A. He trained as a diver in order to become a wildlife cameraman. B. Becoming a cameraman suited the interests he already had. C. Finding work as a cameraman allowed him to remain in Antarctica. D. He was given the chance to work as a cameraman by a TV crew he met. 37. Why does Allan compare spending time on sea ice to crossing the street? A. It is an ordinary occurrence for him. B. He thinks it presents a similar level of danger. C. He has learnt to approach it in the same way. D. It requires skills that can be used in winter conditions. 38. When Allan had been on Kong Karls Land for a while, he began to ________. A. be more hopeful that one bear would lead him to others B. feel a deep understanding of how polar bears lived C. get used to the terrible conditions for filming D. stop worrying about the dangers he was facing 39. What feeling does Allan describe in the last paragraph? A. Panic when he nearly fails to film a fantastic sequence. B. Concern that he has disturbed an adult female with her young. C. Amazement at being lucky enough to capture some great shots. D. Delight at being able to move around after waiting quietly for ages. (B) Jackson & Brown Ltd Head Office, Bradford House 234 Manningham Road Bolton BL3 5QS t: 01204 249241 f: 01204 790061 1 June 2020 Dear Colleague, Re: ___60___ I am writing to make you aware of some forthcoming changes to the payment dates for your salary. During the past few weeks, we have been discussing with your trade union representatives our intention to change the frequency of the payment of your salary from monthly to every four weeks. The reason for this change is to enable us to improve the efficiency of the payroll system and to make it easier for you to understand what you have been paid. On Thursday 30 August, you will be paid your monthly basic pay up to and including 31 August. The last Thursday in the month is the normal monthly pay day. On 13 September you will be paid basic pay up to and including 14 September. You will then be paid again 4 weeks later on 11 October, for time up to 12 October. The timetable of 4-weekly payments for the remainder of the financial year is listed below: 8 November 31 January 6 December 28 February 3 January 2021 28 March I understand that the transfer to a four-weekly pay cycle may cause some of you disruption to your monthly pay routines, for example mortgage (按揭) or rent repayments. In recognition of this initial disturbance and to assist you through this time, we are offering a loan facility for a maximum of three weeks’ wages (net pay), for those who may find it difficult to budget for this change. I have enclosed a form detailing this loan. Please ensure you complete and return the form by 30 June if you wish to take advantage of this offer. If you choose to use the loan facility, this will be paid on 13 September. Of course, should you wish to discuss the contents of this letter, your line manager will have further information. If you still have any concerns or you have a personal query you wish to discuss, then from 13 June until 1 July you can call the following number: 01204 249259. I hope that this letter clarifies the changes for you and would like to take this opportunity to thank you for your continued hard work. Yours sincerely, Signature 40. Which of the following best fits the blank labelled with “60” in the paragraph? A. Notice of pay rise B. Changes to pay cycle C. Information of pay D. Cancellation of payslips 41. According to the e-mail, which of the following statements is true? A. The company’s financial year ends every March. B. It’s not easy to understand the new payment system. C. The system of 4-weekly payments is thought inefficient. D. Employees will be paid on the last Thursday of the month. 42. Which of the following statements is true of the loan facility? A. Employees can apply through the hotline available until 1 July. B. Everyone can apply for a loan that equals four week’s wages. C. The applicants will receive the loan every month. D. The deadline for the application is 30 June. (C) Science changes as it makes its way on to television, just as it does as it travels to newspapers, magazines, books, exams and through the various media of the scientific community. People who take a dim view of media professors need to get over themselves and stop assuming the difference between professional and popular science on a frame that places the former on top. Popularisation doesn’t make knowledge something less than it was. Done well, it isn’t the opposite of research; it’s lifeblood. Still, there are problems with many traditional approaches to the way we share science. There is a history of snobbishness (势利) against scientists who talk to the public, but equally silly is a snobbishness against presenters who aren’t actually scientists. These days the serious TV channels favour professional scientists to present, even if they rarely write the script and often talk about something outside their area of expertise (专业领域). I especially worry that science is often presented as something to be simply consumed by the public. Retelling science for explanatory or entertainment purposes might give us a great picture of what the scientific idea looks like, but often removes a lot about how the scientists got to these conclusions, meaning it’s harder to review or get involved with. I’d like to see an attempt to share the means of production of science, not just sell its products. The interviews with working scientists on a current radio series bring out the texture of science, a sense of what drives scientists, the frustrations, boredom, adventure and accidents their work can include. But this is still a matter of telling a story rather than involving audiences. That’s not to say I’m against storytelling science, just that we have to be aware of the narrative forces in play. Some time ago there was a lot of complaints about a nature documentary filming polar bears in a wildlife centre rather than in the wild, as appeared to be the case. But this is routine, just as we routinely leave out bits of science to tell interesting, exciting and useful stories. We’d get lost otherwise. Televisual science is always a construction, and it’s often worth deconstructing and arguing over how we choose to do this. But it can be a meaningful and necessary construction too, just as a scientific paper is a meaningful construction we might argue over. I don’t mind the odd bit of showmanship around science. Nor do I mind shows that just invite audiences to passively watch or listen — as long as we have more critical and interactive projects too. We might be in a golden age of science television but we shouldn’t stop asking questions about it. We need to be imaginative about what science is, who it talks to and how it might be better not simply find ever more ways. 43. What point is the writer making in the first paragraph? A. Science can benefit from becoming more popular. B. Popular science is inferior to professional science. C. Scientific communities report on science without altering it. D. The quality of research is being harmed by popular science. 44. The writer believes that the public are frequently being denied ________. A. the opportunity to enjoy programmes about science B. information about the results of scientific research C. the experience of hearing scientists talk about their work D. an understanding of how the scientific process works 45. The writer mentions the programme about polar bears to show that ________. A. scientists often find it impossible to agree with one another B. the makers of science documentaries are often untrustworthy C. in science it is impossible to report every detail of the story D. documentaries cannot show the scientific process realistically 46. What does the writer call for in the last paragraph? A. An end to the disapproval of science in television programmes. B. A more balanced approach when covering science on television. C. Greater public awareness of the current nature of science. D. Television quiz shows that focus exclusively on science. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Day When I Gave Up Smoking I thought everyone would be pleased, but one of my colleagues was absolutely angry, “What do you mean? If it was that easy, why didn’t you stop years ago?” ____47____ I find it curious myself. The stop-smoking session (阶段) took place exactly two months and three weeks ago. I had not intended to stop and I did not even particularly want to. For one thing, I wholly hated the pressure from the anti-smoking fighter—and I still do. For another, I had low blood pressure and a long-living and healthy family. I did not cough or feel unwell and threw off colds more easily, it seemed to me, than friends with consciously healthier lifestyles. On that unexceptional Thursday afternoon, I had simply gone along to the Birmingham session of The East Way to Stop Smoking to write an article about other people trying to give up. ‘I shan’t be trying to stop myself. It wouldn’t be fair,’ I announced firmly. ____48____ I could not have been more reasonable. After all, I positively enjoyed smoking. It gave me real pleasure. I thought the counsellor (顾问) looked at me rather knowingly. We were encouraged to smoke as much as we wished and most of the afternoon was conducted in a room so smoke-filled that we had to open the windows. I noticed with interest that when I was told to smoke I was reluctant to do so — and so were the others. ____49____ Just as smoking itself had become a challenge in the face of opposition, so the concept of stopping began to feel attractive. The possibility of not being a smoker was beginning to make me feel powerful. It was a secret feeling that had nothing to do with anyone except myself. Now I do miss my cigarettes, but not too much. ____50____ All are key moments in which I would have previously smoked cigarettes. A. Each ‘new’ experience as a non-smoker has to be addressed — eating out, waiting for an aero-plane, a theatre interval. B. My work, which I thought would be the most difficult to accomplish without cigarettes, did not cause a single problem. C. I suppose my inability to explain how one afternoon I had been a heavy smoker, and four hours later I was not, was faintly annoying. D. Since my motivation for being here is writing, not stopping, it would not be right to expect your method to work on me. E. Having a cigarette was an activity in itself. F. I suppose what happened was that the stop-smoking messages made intellectual sense. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Terracotta Army The Terracotta Army is one of China’s most famous cultural treasures. Discovered by farmers digging a well in 1974, the huge underground army was built for Qin Shi Huang, China’s first emperor. Thousands of life-sized clay soldiers and horses were buried near his tomb to protect him in the after-life. Each clay soldier has a different face. No two are exactly alike. Ancient craftsmen made each figure with separate parts: head, body, arms and legs. They assembled them and added unique facial features. Experts believe thousands of different real-life soldiers served as models. The army gives us valuable information about life more than 2,200 years ago. The clothing and hairstyles show social positions. The weapons found nearby tell us about ancient Chinese military technology. Even the layout of the pits shows how ancient armies were organised. Many mysteries remain. The main tomb of Qin Shi Huang has not yet been opened. According to ancient records, the tomb contains precious treasures and complex defensive traps. Scientists use modern scanning tools to study the tomb without digging into it. They hope one day to learn more secrets hidden underground. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 他脾气不太好，我可不敢得罪他。（afford）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 这位工程师只要听一下就能判断发动机出了什么问题。（diagnose）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 如果你的书架是开放的，不妨花几天把书架上的书重新摆放一下。(better)（汉译英） 55. 当你把这些花放进花瓶的时候，你会很失望地发现它们有点乏味，但是随着时间的推移，它们一定会给你带来惊喜。（sure） （汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近你校计划将露天网球场改造为停车场，以满足学校教工停车的需求，但学校师生对这一计划褒贬不一。为了更好地帮助校方做出决策，学生会调研了师生对该网球场的使用情况，结果如下图所示。结合这一调研结果，写一封信给校方，内容须包括：1) 你是否赞同这一改造计划；2) 结合调研结果说明你的理由。 图表数据：Never 22%; Daily 26%; At least once a week 52% ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $